How to write research abstract, research paper write tips, how to write phd synopsis, phd proposal format Dr.Narendranath Guria

1. How to write an abstract for a
research journal / Research Proposal
Dr.N.Guria

2. step-by-step guide on how to write an
abstract for a research journal
A research journal article is an important task as
it provides a concise summary of your
research, helping readers quickly understand
the key points of your study.

3. Understand the Journal's
Requirements:
Check the journal's guidelines and requirements
for abstracts. Different journals may have
specific formatting and length requirements,
so it's crucial to follow their instructions.

4. Start with a Clear Structure
 Typically, an abstract should have a clear structure,
consisting of the following sections:Background or
Introduction: Briefly introduce the research problem or
context.
 Methods: Describe the research methods or approach
used.
 Results: Summarize the main findings or outcomes.
 Conclusion: State the implications or significance of the
study's results.

5. Keep It Concise
Abstracts are usually limited in length (often
around 150-250 words).
 Ensure that every word counts and avoid
unnecessary details
Use clear and straightforward language.
Avoid unnecessary technical terms that may
confuse readers who are not experts in your
field

6. Be Specific and Informative
Provide specific details about your research,
including key findings, data, and conclusions.
 Make sure to convey the essence of your
study accurately.

7. Use Active Voice:
Write in the active voice to make the abstract
more engaging and to clearly indicate who
performed the actions in the study

8. Avoid Citations and References
In general, abstracts do not include citations
or references to other sources.
Focus on summarizing your own research

9. Proofread and Edit
Carefully proofread your abstract for grammar
and spelling errors.
Ensure that it is well-structured and coherent.

10. Include Keywords
Many journals require you to include a list of
keywords or phrases in your abstract.
These are essential for indexing and helping
readers find your article.

11. Review and Revise
After writing your initial abstract, review it to
ensure it accurately represents your research.
 Revise it as needed to make it more concise
and informative.

12. Seek Feedback
Before submitting your abstract, consider
getting feedback from colleagues or mentors.
 They can provide valuable insights and
suggestions for improvement.

13. Format According to Journal
Guidelines
Make sure your abstract adheres to the journal's
formatting guidelines, including font size,
spacing, and any specific requirements they
have.

14. Example
Land Use and Land Cover
Analysis of Western Coast in
India”
Abstract
The coastal regions of India

15. Here's what should generally not be included in a research
proposal abstract:
Results or Conclusions:
 Unlike abstracts for completed research papers,
research proposal abstracts should not contain actual
research results or conclusions.
 Instead, focus on the research objectives and the
expected outcomes.

16. Citations or References:
Avoid citing other research papers or including
references to external sources in a research
proposal abstract.
The focus should be on your proposed work.

17. Detailed Methodology:
 While you can briefly mention the research methods
or approach you plan to use, avoid providing an
exhaustive explanation of your methodology.
 The abstract should highlight the research question
and the rationale for your approach.

18. Data or Detailed Findings
Do not include specific data or detailed
findings from your research.
Save this for the main body of the proposal.

19. Background Information:
 While some context is necessary, you should not
delve too deeply into the background or literature
review in the abstract.
 Provide enough context to make your research
question clear but avoid lengthy discussions.

20. Personal Biographical Information:
Your name, academic credentials, or personal
biographical details are typically not included
in the abstract of a research proposal.

21. Acknowledgments:
Avoid including acknowledgments or thanks in
a research proposal abstract.
This is more appropriate for the full proposal
or acknowledgments section.

22. Appendices or Supplementary Material:
Any supplementary material or appendices
should not be mentioned in the abstract.
These details can be included in the full
proposal if necessary.

23. Lengthy Descriptions:
Keep the abstract concise. Research proposal
abstracts are typically shorter than those for
completed research papers, often around 150-
250 words, so avoid lengthy descriptions or
explanations.

24. a research proposal abstract should provide a
clear and concise overview of your research
project, focusing on the research question,
objectives, and expected outcomes.
It should be a standalone summary that gives
the reader a sense of what your proposal aims
to accomplish without going into the details of
the research itself.