Presented by: Tlou Emmanuel Ramaru 8.3 Monitoring and evaluation The session will provide details on: the tool developed by the LEG for monitoring and evaluating progress, effectiveness and gaps (PEG M&E tool) and its application in the process to formulate and implement NAPs; and the best practices for developing monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems for adaptation at the national level. It will also look at the experiences of countries in developing and applying M&E systems at their national levels.

1. National Climate Change Adaptation
Strategy for South Africa
NAP EXPO 2016

2. Purpose of the presentation
• To share the process for the development of the South Africa
National Adaptation Strategy
• To solicit your input into the development of the National Adaptation
Strategy for South Africa

3. Policy context and Mandate for adaptation in South Africa
• International Conventions and Agreements
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
• Adoption of the Kyoto Protocol at a meeting of the UNFCCC in Kyoto, Japan in
December 1997.
• Cop 15 outcomes in Copenhagen (2009)
• Cop 16 outcomes in Cancun (2010)
• Cop17 in Durban (2011)
• Cop 21-Paris Agreement
• Section 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa
• National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), and Specific
Environmental Management Acts (SEMAS) (e.g. NEMBA, NEMWA,
NEMAQA, etc.)
• Sector Departments Legislation and Policies
• National Climate Change Response White Paper

4. National Climate Change Response Policy (NCCRP)
VISION:
The transition towards a lower-carbon & climate-resilient South Africa
Climate Resilience
To manage climate change impacts through
interventions that build and sustain SA’s social,
economic and environmental resilience
Low-Carbon
To make a fair contribution to the global effort to
stabalise GHG concentrations.
Developmental; Transformational and participatory’; Needs driven and customised, dynamic and
evidenced based; informed decision making; balanced and cost effect; integration and alignment

5. Strategic Objectives for the National Adaptation Strategy (NAS)
Vision: Transition toward climate resilient South Africa
• To reduce vulnerability to the impacts of climate, by building adaptive capacity and
resilience;
• To facilitate the integration of climate change adaptation, in coherent manner, into
relevant new and existing policies, programmes, activities, in particular development
planning processes and strategies, within all relevant sectors and at different levels;
• To optimise policy coherence within sectors and across sectors in order to achieve
adaptation outcomes that support development aspirations

6. Road-Map Launching of the National Adaptation Strategy (NAS)
• The Long Term Adaptation Scenarios Flagship Research Programme
(LTAS) - developing national and sub-national adaptation
scenarios for South Africa under future climate conditions and
development pathways.
• The LTAS developed a consensus view of climate change trends and
projections, summarised key impacts and identified potential
response options in primary sectors, (water, agriculture and forestry,
human health, marine fisheries, and biodiversity).
• Road-Map towards the NAS – outlined in the National Framework
towards adaptation strategy.

7. Principles for the NAS (from NAP guidelines)

8. NATIONAL ADAPTATION STRATEGY (NAS) PRINCIPLES
Adaptation related principles in NCCR
 Uplifting the poor and vulnerable;
 Intra and intergenerational sustainability;
 Economic, social and ecological pillars of sustainable development;
 Equity;
 Risk reduction and management;

9. FRAMING – OF THE NAS
• Enhancing adaptive capacity; strengthening resilience;
• Reducing vulnerability to climate change, with a view to
contributing to sustainable development;
• Alignment with the INDC adaptation goals;
o Develop a National Adaptation Plan, and begin operationalisation as part of implementing
the NCCRP for the period from 2020 to 2025 and for the period 2025 to 2030;
o Take into account climate considerations in national development, sub-national and sector
policy frameworks for the period 2020 to 2030;

10. FRAMING – OF THE NAS
• Alignment with the INDC adaptation goals;
o Build the necessary institutional capacity for climate change response planning and
implementation for the period 2020 to 2030;
o Develop an early warning, vulnerability and adaptation monitoring system for key climate
vulnerable sectors and geographic areas for the period 2020 to 2030, and reporting in
terms of the National Adaptation Plan with rolling five-year implementation periods;
o Development of a vulnerability assessment and adaptation needs framework by 2020 to
support a continuous presentation of adaptation needs;
o Communication of past investments in adaptation for education and awareness as well as
for international recognition;

11. FRAMING – OF THE NAS
• Incorporate relevant climate information systems and adopt a risk-
based approach to planning;
• Understand the country’s developmental pathways and limitations;
• Assess vulnerability in relation to economic projections/growth goals
in the NDP; - (business case)

12. FRAMING – OF THE NAS
• Provide thought leadership and guidance for national development
planning, and relevant sector departments; contributions to fulfilling
international obligations;
• Adapt the NCCR principles; focus Adaptation and Climate Resilience &
NAS guidelines.
• Strategic trade-offs across sectors; (water-agriculture-energy);
• Geographical areas of vulnerability;

13. FRAMING - ADAPTATION
Global, National & Local
• mitigation-adaptation linkage; UNFCCC legal and policy regime on adaptation; global and
regional vulnerability (Africa);
• What SA situation is likely to be in relation to the global scenarios?
• Adaptation-development linkages; legal and policy regime; key vulnerabilities;
• 3 Tiers of government and their mandates in respect of adaptation planning and
implementation;
o Limited to key vulnerabilities of highest impacts on the economy and
people
o Impacts on Natural Systems
o Impacts on Key Socio Economics
o Extreme events- floods, drought and heat wave

14. FRAMING – ADAPTATION
• Framing elements vulnerability assessment - understanding of the
biophysical and socio-economic dimensions;
o framework provides guidance to planners, practitioners and researchers; options of
expressing (vulnerability) risk, primarily through risk metrics;
• Framing elements for selecting adaptation options;
• Research and Development– How research needs are communicated
and funded;
• Climate Change Governance – vertical and horizontal structures; policy;
implementation and reporting;

15. FRAMING – ADAPTATION
• Implementation plan (programmatic approach) and resource
mobilization;
• Knowledge and information management;
• Communications and awareness;
• Capacity building

16. FRAMING – ADAPTATION
• Monitoring and Evaluation
o Proposes 10 Year Period for the strategy-?????
• An M&E System to support the analysis of the impact of adaptation options
o Define a framework for metrics to track impact for each of the adaptation options
in the various sectors;
o Gathering information and reporting progress on the implementation of identified
actions and intervention;
- reducing vulnerability & enhancing adaptive capacity
- social- economic and environmental change
• Measure climate variables at appropriate scales for implementation;

17. Benefits of an M&E System
• Provide evidence base of the impact of Climate change in South Africa;
• Informing response to climate change: scope of measures & effectiveness;
• One-stop shop of climate change information in South Africa;
• Learning – for programme managers, experts, researchers, policy-makers
etc. Institutionalize reporting of South Africa’s reporting obligations in
international Forums;
• Inform SA negotiators under the UNFCCC;
• Support identification of resource requirements, allocations & opportunities
in climate change response;

18. Key Elements of M&E of climate resilience
M&E of Climate
resilience
Climate information
Climate risks, impacts
& vulnerability
Adaptive capacity &
response measures
Climate observations
& enhancement of
climate monitoring
systems & networks
Climatic &
atmospheric data
analysis &
dissemination
Observed & projected
climate impacts and
climate risks
Monitoring changing
vulnerability
Other stressors that
affect vulnerability
Climate change
institutional
arrangements
Mainstreaming
climate change
adaptation
Climate Change Adaptation Response Measures
Building
blocks
Key elements
of M&E of
climate
resilience

19. s
Initial drafting of
Chapters 1-5
Inception Refinement Enhancement
Develop initial
schedule of meetings
PMT01
Information
scoping
Initial drafting of
Chapters 6-16
NAS Edition 1
Finalisation
Identification of
Stakeholders
Consolidation
PMT02/ 03
Internal
Technical
Review
PSC02
Stakeholder
engagements
ie national,
province and
local levels
Communications
Tools
National stakeholder
engagement sessions in
each Province
Stakeholder
engagement
reports
Barriers &
constraints
PSC01
National
Stakeholder
engagement plan
(on a Provincial
basis)
Communications
plan
NAS Edition 3
PSC03
Internal
Technical
Review
PSC04
PMT04
PMT05
PMT06
NAS
Finalisation
Communications
Tools
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
TWG/Ref
Group #1
TWG/Ref
Group #2
NAS Edition 2
NAS Process
Development
NAS Draft 1
TWG/Ref
Group #3
REVISED NAS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

20. THANK YOU
Mr Tlou Ramaru
Chief Director: Climate Change Adaptation
email: tramaru@environment.gov.za