Theoretical framewor

1. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Work Commitment
Work commitment is the feeling of responsibility that a person has towards the
organization. It is the emotional attachment people give to their jobs.. It is about willingness to
exert effort at work and being involved with the organization’s mission and vision. Work
commitment is perceived when employees devote themselves to the job they are working for and
become valuable assets to the company or organization where they are employed. Studies show
that commitment with work and the employee’s performance are highly correlated. The success
or failure is also related to the effort and motivation of employees. The importance of work
commitment is dependent upon the organization itself. In order for an organization to progress,
employees have to be passionate, efficient and feel committed with their jobs or careers. It is also
important that there is a good relationship between the bosses and the workers.
Fredrick Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory (or Motivation-Hygiene Theory)
Herzberg stated that two-factor theory indicates elements that influence the employees’
job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. This theory of motivation is classified into two categories
namely motivator factors (intrinsic conditions like achievement, recognition and personal
growth) and hygiene factors (extrinsic conditions like salary, benefits and job security). The
former results to satisfaction and great work performance and the latter cause dissatisfaction
when not fulfilled.

2. Life Satisfaction
Life satisfaction is an evaluation of attitudes and feelings which ranges from negative to
positive. It is also referred as an emotional interaction that people express in life. It is how
individuals measure the quality of life by looking at what goals they have already attained
compared to the goals they are still aiming for. Life satisfaction denotes that the more goals a
person have achieved in life, the more he is satisfied. It determines a person’s happiness and
fulfillment. Life satisfaction is about having the sense of meaning and purpose, self-direction,
positivity, perseverance, self-regulation and resilience in attaining desired goals. Being satisfied
is not only about having satisfaction in one aspect of life, but as a whole instead. Since happiness
is the final target of every human being, life satisfaction is very closely related to it. Happiness,
people’s assessment of themselves and their lives includes cognitive aspects such as judgments
regarding contentment with life or emotional aspects which includes disposition or feelings in
reaction to life’s events (Valois et al., 2004). The degree of life satisfaction is a factor for
attaining happiness (Borooah, 2006). Disposition and temperamental features, social relations
and general satisfaction with life are the best predictors of happiness (Lyubomirsky et al., 2006).
In addition, there exists a significant relationship between self-esteem and happiness. The
concept of well-being also correlates with happiness and life satisfaction because it is about
having a satisfactory condition of existence and the state of being happy and healthy
emotionally, mentally and physically in life.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory states that people have a pyramid hierarchy of needs
wherein they are motivated to satisfy five basic needs. He proposed that the four levels (lower-

3. order needs) are considered physiological needs while the top level of the pyramid is considered
growth needs. The lower level needs must be satisfied first before reaching the next level. The
pyramid hierarchy of needs is categorized into deficiency needs (physiological and safety) and
growth needs (love and belongingness, esteem and self-actualization). Maslow explained that air,
food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, homeostasis and anything that is related to survival are
under the physiological needs which are also referred as the basic needs of human being.
Another deficiency need is the safety needs which include protection, security, employment,
resources, health, property, order, law, stability and freedom. The third level is love and
belongingness needs which comprise affection, love, friendship, family, intimacy, trust and
acceptance. The next need that has to be considered is the esteem needs which include
achievement, self-esteem, mastery, dominance, prestige, independence, status, respect,
confidence. The last need to be satisfied is what Maslow called the self-actualization needs. This
is about realizing personal potentials, pursuing self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and
peak experiences. It also includes morality, creativity, problem solving and spontaneity.