3. Trichomonas sp.
A
T LEASTTHREE SPECIES OF PROTOZOA OF
THE GENUS TRICHOMONAS CAN PARASITIZE
HUMANS,BUT ONL
Y TRICHOMONAS
VAGINALIS CAUSES DISEASE
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas vaginalis :causes
T
richomoniasis
presented
by
Dr
Tarig
Gamar
4. s
Trichomonas vaginali
infection
Trichomonas vaginalis is a Facultative anaerobe flagellated
protozoa.
A sexually-transmitted urogenital parasite..
Causes Trichomoniasis in humans
. Found in urogenital tract in both sex. :
- (vagina & urethra in females).
- (urethra, seminal vesicles & prostate in males).
Common: cause of vaginitis disease.
Doesn’t have cyst form and exists only in trophozoite stage
Extracellular - adheres to epithelia, cause erosion
to the Ep.tiss.
5.5 to 6.0 is optimum pH for the organism.
Normal vaginal enviromnment its less /equal
than 4
presented
by
Dr
Tarig
Gamar
5. Trichomonas vaginalis
Geographical distribution: World wide
* Common sexually transmitted protozoon.
* Common at the age of 16-35 (sexually active period)
* More pathogenic in women than men
*T. vaginalis is concomitant with other pathogenic organisms.
presented
by
Dr
Tarig
Gamar
NOTE:
1- Suitable pH for the parasite is 4.5 – 6 (low acidic).
2- Rare among young girls / menopause women - parasite requires estrogenized
epithelium for survival.
3- High in population at high risk for other venereal diseases & poor feminine
hygiene.
NOTE: Normal acidity is due to the action of Doderlein bacillus on glycogen content
of vaginal epithelial cells producing lactic acid.
NOTE:
Genus Trichomonas has 3 distinct species:
1- T. hominis which inhabit large intestine & non pathogenic.
2- T. tenax which inhabit oral cavity & commensals.
3- T. vaginalis is the Urogenital pathogenic flagellate
6. logy and ife
Pear-sh 5-15 µm.
A
A
si
single
ng
le
n
nucleus
u
cleus
10 fl-
FIGURE 3-Jt
7h Jwm,mn l iJ.Rltm/, n rn s rm n •ud
xostyle
An undulating
membrane
1. Morpho l
cycle
..
.,
.
.
'.,
-
. ' .
.
'1
~
. ,.
~
.
.
··
.
' .:
1 ,
' '
presented
by
Dr
Tarig
Gamar
A
Fo
ou
urranterior
flagella
aped and actively motile, 14-17 µm X
1.1 Trophozoite
7. Morphology
It is pear-shaped or ovoid
a short undulating membranereaching up to the middle of the body
• It has four anterior flagella and fifth running along the
outer margin of the undulating membrane, which is supported at its
by a flexible rod, costa.
base
• A prominent axostyle runs throughout the length of the
body and projects posteriorly like a tail.
• It is motile with a rapid jerkyor twitching type movement.
presented
by
Tarig
Gamar
9. se
n t
ed
b
y
Ta
rig
G
a
m
a
r
Undulati
ng
membran
e
Row of
hydro along
axostyl
Paracost
al
ydrogenosom
es
richomo
T nas vaginalis
Five flagella: arise near the
cytostome; four of these
immediately extend outside
cell together, while the fifth
flagellum wraps backwards
along the surface of the
organism (UM).
Nucleus is anterior.
the
Axostyle: commences at the
nucleus and bisects the parasite.
genosome
s
e
Trophozoit only
No cystic stage.
h
pre
10. y
h
d
h (
Transmission of Trichomoniasis
_ Transmitted primarily b sexual intercourse.
_ May also be transmitted throug contaminated
toilet seats an linens (usually in children).
_ Rare instance of neonatal infections acquired
through
at
birt during the pass the baby
birth canal).
presented by Dr Tarig Gamar
11. Mode of transmission:
• The trophozoite cannot survive outside and so infection
has to be transmitted directly from person-to-person.
Sexual transmission is the usual mode of infect ion
• Trichomoniasis often coexists with other sexually transmitted
diseases like candidiasis, gonorrhea, syphilis, or
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• Babies may get infected during birth.
• V
aginal pH of more than 4.5 facilitates infection.
presented by Dr Tarig Gamar
12. Only
The infection is acquired by sexual activity or
some indirect ways
presented
by
Dr
Tarig
Gamar
Men
n:: urethra or prostat
te
e,, teste
es
s,,
epididy
ymii
ss
Trophozoit
te
es
s
Women: vagina and uret
th
hrr
aa
trophozoite stage in life cycle.
1.2 Life cycle
