2014 National 5 Modern Studies exam

1. Total marks — 60
SECTION 1 — DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND AND THE UNITED KINGDOM — 20 marks
Attempt ONE part, EITHER
Part A Democracy in Scotland Pages 3–5
OR
Part B Democracy in the United Kingdom Pages 7–9
SECTION 2 — SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM — 20 marks
Attempt ONE part, EITHER
Part C Social Inequality Pages 11–13
OR
Part D Crime and the Law Pages 15–17
SECTION 3 — INTERNATIONAL ISSUES — 20 marks
Attempt ONE part, EITHER
Part E World Powers Pages 19–21
OR
Part F World Issues Pages 23–25
Write your answers clearly in the answer booklet provided. In the answer booklet you must
clearly identify the question number you are attempting.
Use blue or black ink.
Before leaving the examination room you must give your answer booklet to the Invigilator; if
you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper.
N5X749/75/01 Modern Studies
TUESDAY, 29 APRIL
9:00 AM – 10:30 AM
*X7497501*
©
National
Qualications
2014
SA

2. Page two
[BLANK PAGE]

3. MARKS
Page three
SECTION 1 — DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND AND THE UNITED KINGDOM — 20 marks
Attempt ONE part, either
Part A — Democracy in Scotland on pages 3–5
OR
Part B — Democracy in the United Kingdom on pages 7–9
PART A — DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND
In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from Scotland.
Question 1
The Scottish Parliament has many devolved powers.
Describe, in detail, the devolved powers of the Scottish Parliament.
Question 2
Many people in Scotland choose to vote in elections.
Explain, in detail, why many people in Scotland choose to vote in elections.
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4. Page four
PART A (continued)
Question 3
Study Sources 1, 2 and 3 then attempt the question which follows.
SOURCE 1
Scottish Parliament Election Factfile
Political parties have to keep detailed accounts of how much money they both receive and spend
during elections. Political parties get their funding from a range of sources.
The Labour Party received approximately 36% of its donations at the 2011 election from the trade
unions, whilst both the Conservatives and the SNP rely more on wealthy Scottish business people.
During the 2011 Scottish Parliament elections over £6·2 million was spent by the main political
parties. This was however a drop from the £9·5 million spent in 2007.
A report on the 2011 Scottish Parliament election showed that most money was spent on
campaign leaflets and letters from candidates. In 2007, the parties spent £1·2 million on these.
In 2011, they spent £1·4 million.
In 2007, spending on advertising—such as billboards—was just over £1 million and £155,000 was
spent on rallies and public meetings. In 2011, spending on advertising—such as billboards—was
just over £438,600 and £47,000 was spent on rallies and public meetings.
In 2007, 22% of the public felt that there should be a ban on TV election broadcasts during
elections. By 2011, this figure had fallen to 18%.
Voter awareness (%) of election campaign methods
Election
Received
Leaflets
Noticed
Billboard
Advert
Attended a
political
meeting
Watched TV
Broadcast
2007 89 62 3 70
2011 93 48 2 72
SOURCE 2
£(millions)
£(millions)
Party Election Spending, Scottish Parliament (2007 and 2011)
4·5
4·0
3·5
3·0
2·5
2·0
1·5
1·0
0·5
0
4·5
4·0
3·5
3·0
2·5
2·0
1·5
1·0
0·5
0
2007 2011
Conservative and Unionist Party
Scottish Green Party Scottish National Party (SNP)
Labour Party Liberal Democrats

5. MARKS
Page five
PART A Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
Scottish Parliament Election Results (number of MSPs)
Conservative Labour
Liberal
Democrats
SNP
2007 17 46 16 47
2011 15 37 5 69
The source of donations to all political parties (2011)
Other
15%
Company
15%
Individual
41%
Trade Union
29%
Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn about recent Scottish
Parliament elections?
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following.
• The importance of trade union donations to the party election campaigns.
• The link between a party’s election spending and election success.
• The link between election spending and voter awareness of election
campaign methods.
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources. You should link
information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions.
Your answer must be based on all three sources.
NOW GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE ELEVEN
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[BLANK PAGE]

7. MARKS
Page seven
PART B — DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from the United
Kingdom.
Question 1
The UK Parliament has many reserved powers in Scotland.
Describe, in detail, the reserved powers of the UK Parliament in Scotland.
Question 2
Many people in the UK choose to vote in elections.
Explain, in detail, why many people in the UK choose to vote in elections.
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8. Page eight
PART B (continued)
Question 3
Study Sources 1, 2 and 3 then attempt the question which follows.
SOURCE 1
UK General Election Factfile
Political parties have to keep detailed accounts of how much money they both receive and spend
during elections. Political parties get their funding from a range of sources.
During the 2010 UK General Election ten parties reported receiving donations and loans totalling
over £14 million. Many small parties however did not receive any money. The Labour Party received
approximately 36% of its donations from trade unions in 2009 whilst the Conservatives and the
Liberal Democrats relied more on donations from rich business individuals.
A report on the 2010 UK General Election showed that most money was spent on campaign leaflets
and other materials such as letters from candidates. In 2005, the parties spent £8·9 million on
these. In 2010, they spent £12·3 million.
In 2010, spending on advertising — such as billboards — was £9 million and £1·7 million was spent on
rallies and public meetings. In 2005, spending on advertising — such as billboards — was £15 million
and £4·1 million was spent on rallies and public meetings.
In 2005, 22% of the public felt that there should be a ban on TV election broadcasts during general
elections. By 2010, this figure had fallen to 18%.
UK public’s awareness (%) of election campaigns
Election
Received
Leaflets (%)
Noticed
Billboard
Advert (%)
Attended a
political
meeting (%)
Watched TV
Broadcast (%)
2005 89 62 4 70
2010 93 48 2 72
SOURCE 2
20
15
10
5
0
20
15
10
5
0
Conservative
Party
Conservative
Party
Labour
Party
Labour
Party
Liberal
Democrats
Liberal
Democrats
Other Other
£(millions)
£(millions)
£17m
£18m
£4·4m
£2·2m
£16.6m
£5m
£8m
£2m
UK General Election Party Expenditure 2005 UK General Election Party Expenditure 2010
UK Political Party Spending in 2005 and 2010

9. MARKS
Page nine
PART B Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
UK General Election Results (number of MPs)
Conservative Labour
Liberal
Democrats
Others
2010 307 258 57 28
2005 198 356 62 30
2001 166 413 52 28
The source of donations to all political parties (2010)
Other
16%
Trade Union
16%
Individual
47%
Company
21%
Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn about recent UK general
elections?
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following.
• The importance of trade union donations to the party election campaigns.
• The link between a party’s election spending and election success.
• The link between election spending and voter awareness of election
campaign methods.
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources. You should link
information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions.
Your answer must be based on all three sources.
NOW GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE ELEVEN
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[BLANK PAGE]

11. MARKS
Page eleven
SECTION 2 — SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM — 20 marks
Attempt ONE part, either
Part C — Social Inequality on pages 11–13
OR
Part D — Crime and the Law on pages 15–17
PART C — SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from the United
Kingdom.
Question 1
Groups that tackle inequality in the UK
Government Individuals Voluntary sector Private sector
Choose one of the groups above.
Describe, in detail, two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle
inequality in the UK.
Question 2
Some people in the UK live in poverty, while others do not.
Explain, in detail, why some people in the UK live in poverty.
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12. Page twelve
PART C (continued)
Question 3
Study Sources 1, 2 and 3 then attempt the question which follows.
SOURCE 1
The Daily Times
We May Be Fat But We’re Healthier Than Ever
People in the UK are living longer than ever before despite concerns about health
problems such as smoking and obesity (being significantly overweight). Average life
expectancy in 2003 was 77 years. In 2013, it was 80 years. However the UK’s life
expectancy still compares poorly with other European countries.
Life expectancy in the UK has increased because we are making better lifestyle
choices about our health, such as eating healthier food and exercising more. Life
expectancy in the UK has also increased because of the good work of the NHS such as
improvements in treating heart disease and cancers and Government policies such as
anti-smoking laws. This has helped the UK reduce death rates from heart disease
more than any other European country.
Many doctors warn that more has to be done to tackle the growing problem of
childhood obesity and the health problems it causes. Since 2004, the number of
obese children suffering from diabetes has doubled. If studies are accurate half of all
adults in the UK will be obese by 2030.
SOURCE 2
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2004 20042011 20112014 2014
Scotland
England Male
Female
Obesity Rates for Scotland and England Cigarette Smoking 2004–2014
% of the UK Population

13. MARKS
Page thirteen
PART C Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
Government Action to Reduce Smoking
The Government has worked hard to tackle the health problems associated with the
issue of smoking. The Scottish Government banned smoking in public places in 2006.
Since then the number of adults smoking has fallen, leading to a reduction in smoking
related illness. England’s smoke free laws came into effect one year later.
One study has found that the number of hospital admissions for children with asthma
has gone from 26,969 cases in 2006 to 20,167 cases in 2013. Likewise, the number of
hospital admissions for heart attacks linked to smoking has decreased.
Despite these improvements, one in five adults continues to smoke even though they
know it is bad for their health. The highest rates of smoking in the UK are in Scotland
with 27% of the adult population continuing to smoke. Smoking rates are also much
higher within deprived inner city areas where rates have remained at 40% for the last
10 years.
Using Sources 1, 2 and 3, explain why the view of Sophie Wilson is selective in the
use of facts.
There have been great improvements in the UK’s health in the last 10 years.
View of Sophie Wilson
In your answer you must:
• give evidence from the sources that supports Sophie Wilson’s view
and
• give evidence from the sources that opposes Sophie Wilson’s view.
Your answer must be based on all three sources.
NOW GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE NINETEEN
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15. MARKS
Page fifteen
PART D — CRIME AND THE LAW
In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from the United
Kingdom.
Question 1
The Children’s Hearing System can help young people in Scotland in different ways.
Describe, in detail, two ways that the Children’s Hearing System can help young people in
Scotland.
Question 2
Other punishments are increasingly being used as alternatives to prison sentences in
the UK.
Explain, in detail, why other punishments are being used as alternatives to prison
sentences in the UK.
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16. Page sixteen
PART D (continued)
Question 3
Study Sources 1, 2 and 3 then attempt the question which follows.
SOURCE 1
Facts and Viewpoints
The Victims and Witnesses (Scotland) Bill was introduced in 2013 by the Scottish Government and was
intended to make sure that all victims and witnesses are guaranteed certain rights by law.
• The Victims and Witnesses Bill, proposes a “victim surcharge”, meaning that those who commit
crimes will contribute to the cost of providing support to victims eg house alarm systems and travel
costs to hospital.
• Victim Support Scotland (VSS) is a voluntary group which provides a listening service for victims.
Their volunteers can be easily contacted by phone, email or face to face.
• Victim Support volunteers are not trained counsellors and can only give practical information.
• Over £5 million per year is provided by the Scottish Government to support VSS and it has
committed to maintaining that level of funding.
• Surveys show that victims are satisfied with the help and support given to them as victims of crime.
• The VSS run the Scottish Victim Crisis Centre (SVCC) but funding is so low that victims often get an
engaged tone or an answering machine.
• The SVCC has a 9 month waiting list for victims who wish to talk about their experiences of crime.
• The Scottish Government give the SVCC £50,000 a year but staff say this is nowhere near enough to
meet the demand for their services.
SOURCE 2
Police Liaison Officer
Very/quite satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
Very/quite dissatisfied Don’t know
Victim Support Scotland
5%1%
19%
11%
69%
6%
15%
74%
Scottish Crime Survey 2012
As a victim of crime, how satisfied were you with the support you received from the
following?

17. MARKS
Page seventeen
PART D Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
Statement by a Victim Support Campaigner
The Scottish Government has made a very positive attempt to support victims of
crime in introducing the Victim and Witness Bill. They have clearly listened to what
victims want and have introduced the victim surcharge which financially supports
victims of crime. Victims on the whole are happy with the support they get from
voluntary groups and the police. However, the funding given to some voluntary
groups is simply not enough to support the level of demand for services such as
counselling and advice. Some voluntary groups are not able to give full training to
their staff as they can’t afford it.
Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 explain why the view of Oliver Thomson is selective in the
use of facts.
Victims of crime in Scotland receive satisfactory support.
View of Oliver Thomson
In your answer you must:
• give evidence from the sources that supports Oliver Thomson’s view
and
• give evidence from the sources that opposes Oliver Thomson’s view.
Your answer must be based on all three sources.
NOW GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE NINETEEN
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19. MARKS
Page nineteen
SECTION 3 — INTERNATIONAL ISSUES — 20 marks
Attempt ONE part, either
Part E — World Powers on pages 19–21
OR
Part F — World Issues on pages 23–25
PART E — WORLD POWERS
In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from a world
power you have studied.
Question 1
Governments have made many attempts to tackle social and economic inequality.
Describe, in detail, two ways in which the government of the world power you have
studied has tried to tackle social and economic inequality.
Question 2
Some groups of people are more likely to participate in politics than others.
Explain, in detail, why some groups of people in the world power you have studied are
more likely to participate in politics than others.
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20. Page twenty
PART E (continued)
Question 3
Study Sources 1, 2 and 3 then attempt the question which follows.
You are a government adviser. You have been asked to recommend whether or not the
Government of Australia should abolish compulsory voting.
Option 1
Keep compulsory voting in Australia
Option 2
Get rid of compulsory voting in Australia
SOURCE 1
Compulsory Voting
Most democratic governments consider voting in elections to be a right for all their citizens.
In Australia the government go further and punish those who do not vote with a fine. Voting in
Australian elections is compulsory by law.
Australia has had some form of compulsory voting since the early 1900s and it is widely
supported by Australian people. If you do not vote, you are fined $20 as punishment. You can
be excused from voting if you provide a “valid and sufficient” reason eg serious illness.
Voter turnout in Australia was 47% prior to the 1924 compulsory voting law. In the decades
since 1924, voter turnout has hovered around 95%.
In Australia 84% of people say they take voting seriously. However, 37% think a fine for not
voting is fair. 9% of Australians admit to having at some time registered an informal vote
(deliberately spoiling their paper).
Some suggest that it is undemocratic to force people to vote as it is against their right to
freedom of choice. Opponents of compulsory voting argue that people with little interest in
politics are forced to the polls; this increases the number of “informal votes”. In addition,
millions of dollars are spent on checking up on those who didn’t turn out to vote.
SOURCE 2
Recent Election Statistics From Selected G20 Countries
Turnout (%) Informal votes (%)
Countries with
compulsory voting
Argentina 79·39 4.48
Australia 93·22 5.6
Brazil 81·88 8.64
Countries without
compulsory voting
Canada 61·41 0.7
Germany 70·78 1.44
Russia 60·10 1.57

21. MARKS
Page twenty-one
PART E Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
Aussie News online: Compulsory voting could be scrapped
Have Your Say
Nic-C from Wilsonton 4 days ago
Forcing Australian citizens to vote is wrong. Everyone should have the right not
to vote.
Ray Sunshine from Camp Hill 5 days ago
It’s a privilege to vote. Compared to other countries, turnout here is much
better so the results are more accurate.
Bruce T from Toowoomba South 5 days ago
People need to vote and not be lazy, but poor people don’t have a way to get to
their voting place unlike rich people who have cars.
Eileen Smith from Darling Heights 1 week ago
Forcing the population to vote means they will just deliberately spoil their
ballot papers to avoid a fine.
Eddie from Ipswich 2 weeks ago
People who aren’t interested should not be required to vote — bad decisions in
the voting booth contribute to bad government.
Iain Thorpe from Mentone 2 months ago
When the turnout is low it means that a minority of society decide who the
government is. I agree with most Australians who think we should keep
compulsory voting.
There is a possibility that nearly a century
of compulsory voting will come to an end.
Some politicians have recommended that
it should be abolished. The Prime Minister
of Australia wants to keep compulsory
voting, despite calls to reform the election
rules.
In the state of Queensland alone, about
250,000 people — roughly 8% of the
roll — failed to vote in the last state
election. Almost $1 million in state funds
has been allocated to chase up those who
failed to vote.
Yes
33%
Not sure
2%
No
65%
Australian opinion poll:
Should we get rid of compulsory voting?
You must decide which option to recommend, either keep compulsory voting in Australia
(Option 1) or get rid of compulsory voting in Australia (Option 2).
(i) Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 which option would you choose?
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice.
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option.
Your answer must be based on all three sources. 10
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23. MARKS
Page twenty-three
PART F — WORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from a world
issue you have studied.
Question 1
International organisations often try to resolve conflicts or issues without using
military force.
Describe, in detail, two ways in which international organisations have tried to resolve a
conflict or issue without using military force.
Question 2
There are many factors which cause international conflicts and issues.
Explain, in detail, the factors which caused an international conflict or issue you have
studied.
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24. Page twenty-four
PART F (continued)
Question 3
Study Sources 1, 2 and 3 then attempt the question which follows.
You are a military adviser working for the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) which is a
military alliance. This is made up of the USA, UK and twenty six other Western countries.
You have been asked to recommend whether or not NATO should send in troops to stop the civil
war in Country A.
Option 1: Send NATO troops to Country A Option 2: Do not send NATO troops to Country A
SOURCE 1
Country A — Conflict in the Middle East
The conflict in Country A began as a series of huge anti-government demonstrations in early 2011.
These protests became increasingly violent. Many hundreds of protestors were arrested, beaten,
tortured and killed.
Country A’s President had never tolerated any criticism of his Government by the people and free
elections were never held. The media was also completely controlled by the President. Most of the
people believe that democratic reform, fair elections and a free media are needed in Country A.
Protests soon escalated into a full-scale civil war. The rebel army announced its formation in July
2011 and mounted attacks on government targets. The United Nations estimate that so far, 140 000
people have been killed and that many of them were civilians, killed by the President’s troops.
The rebel army had some success against the President’s troops. Many Western governments gave
the rebels weapons, equipment and money. The UK and the USA especially wanted to replace the
President with a much friendlier government.
Many in the rebel army have been calling for the West to send in troops to help them defeat the
“tyrant” President. Feelings are running high after reports that his Government troops used
chemical weapons to kill over 600 civilians in an area controlled by the rebel army. However, many
observers think that more armed troops would only make matters worse.
SOURCE 2
Public opinion poll
(Conducted in all 28 NATO countries — 10 000 citizens)
How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Strongly
disagree (%)
Disagree
(%)
Agree (%)
Strongly
agree (%)
NATO should send troops to Country A 54 18 16 12
NATO cannot afford to send troops to Country A 12 19 27 42
More armed foreigners will make things worse 8 21 29 42
NATO troops wouldn’t help the refugees 6 11 30 53
NATO must do everything to stop chemical weapons 6 9 35 50
NATO needs friendly Middle Eastern governments 15 26 20 39

25. MARKS
Page twenty-five
PART F Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
NATO News online: Troops in Country A?
NATO members are considering sending almost 100,000 troops to try to stop the fighting in
Country A. This would be a huge step for NATO. Although NATO did use air power to help
overthrow Gaddafi in Libya in 2011, this would be the first time NATO ground troops have
ever been used outside Europe. The loss of life among NATO forces could be extremely
high. Many NATO governments are very worried about the massive cost of such an
operation.
Have Your Say
George-M from London 6 hours ago
The intervention in Libya cost the UK and USA 21·5 billion dollars and that
didn’t involve ground troops!
David-W from New York 12 hours ago
We cannot stand by and watch this President kill his own people with chemical
weapons. NATO got rid of Gaddafi in Libya.
Katriona-N from Berlin yesterday
Sending more foreigners with guns into Country A will just make things worse.
There are enough men with guns already.
Karen-F from Madrid 3 days ago
Almost two million refugees have fled the country and are living in terrible
conditions in stinking refugee camps. Neighbouring countries cannot cope any
longer.
Andy-N from Rome last week
The people of Country A have been lied to for too long by the President.
Democracy is what they need.
Vikki-D from Liverpool last month
Refugees desperately need help, not guns and bombs. Our governments mustn’t
sacrifice any more of our young soldiers.
You must decide which option to recommend, either send NATO troops to Country A
(Option 1) or do not send NATO troops to Country A (Option 2).
(i) Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 which option would you choose?
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice.
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option.
Your answer must be based on all three sources.
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
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