piping fondamontal

1. PIPING
 These are the life of any process industry as
the fluids are transported thru’ pipes only
 It’s a tubular product & can be termed as
PIPE or TUBE
 Tube is identified by OD & wall thk. and is
mainly used in HE, inst. lines & small
interconnections
 The size of a pipe is identified by its nominal
bore & with wall thickness defined by
schedule number,API designation or weight.

2. SELECTION OF PIPES
 Pressure
 Temperature
 Fluid to be handled

3. Types of Pipes
 ERW Pipes
 Seamless pipes
 Centrifugally – cast tubes

4. MATERIAL U.S. SPECIFICATIONS BRITISH GERMAN
C.S.PIPE API 5L Seamless
Gr.A&B
BS 3601 HFS
22&27
DIN 1629
St.35&45
ERW Gr. A&B BS 3601 ERW
22&27
DIN 1625
St.34.2& 37.2
C.S. PIPE ASTM A53 Seamless
Gr.A&B
BS 3601 HFS
22&27
DIN 1629
St.35&45
ERW Gr. A&B BS 3601 ERW
22&27
DIN 1625
St.34.2& 37.2
CS Boiler tube
seamless
ASTM A 83 BS 3059 DIN 1629 St.35
Killed Steel ASTM A 106
Gr.A, B, C
BS 3602 DIN
St.35.8&45.8
LT Piping ASTM A333 Gr. 1&3 BS 3603 SEW 680TT
St.41
STANDARDS OF
PIPING

5. STANDARDS FOR PIPING
MATERIAL U.S. SPECIFICATIONS BRITISH GERMAN
A.S. PIPE For
high temp.
ASTM A 335 P1,2,12,11,22,5,9 BS 3604 DIN 17175
Austenitic S.S.
PIPE
ASTM A 312 TP 304,316,321,347 BS 3605 X5 Cr Ni18 9

6. DIA. &THK. OF PIPE
 The size of pipe is identified as Nominal
Bore (NB)
 The true ID of pipe is seldom equal to NB
 14 inch pipes & larger pipes have OD
equal to NB
 Pipes of different sizes are made in
several wall thickness & have been
established by ANSI & ASTM

7. LT pipes
 CS pipes -29c
 Killed steel -45c
 2.25% Ni steel -60c
 3.5% Ni steel -100c
 9%Ni steel -190c
 Stainless steel -267c
 Al & Cu -270c

8. HT pipes
 CS Pipes 425c
 C-0.5 Mo 450c
 1Cr-0.5Mo 540c
 2.25Cr-1Mo 580c
 5Cr-0.5Mo 630c
 T 91 650c
 304,347H 700c
 SS 310 800c
 21%Cr steel 900c
 29% Cr steel 1125c

9. PIPE FITTINGS
 Elbows : 90 degree long & short radius
 : 45 degree long & short radius
 Reducers : concentric &eccentric
 Swages : concentric &eccentric
 Tee : Equal & Unequal
 Coupling : Half & Full
 Weldolet
 Lateral
 Cap

10. Pipe Fittings Contd.
 Pipe fittings are socket welded &
butt welded
 Socket welded fittings are used up
to 50NB
 Fittings are available in 3000 &
6000 psi ratings.

11. ELBOWS TEE REDUCER

12. PIPE JOINTS
 Flanged joints
 Bolted Quick couplings
 Welded joints: Socket & Butt
Welded
 Screwed joints

13. Flanged Joints
 A flange allows two pipes to be mechanically
connected together, or a pipe to be mechanically
connected to a valve, tee, choke or other piece of
equipment.
 The principle of a flange is to use a mechanical
force (exerted by the bolts) to pre-load the
gasket sufficiently so that when internal pressure
(end cap force) is applied, there is enough
contact stress between the flanges and gasket to
maintain a seal.
 The flange itself needs to be connected to the
pipe. This is usually achieved by welding.

14. Type of flanged joints
 Flat faced flanges
 Raised faced flanges
 Tongue & groove flanges
 Lap joint flanges
 Ring joint flanges : oval, octagonal
 Lens gasket flanges
 Delta gasket flanges
 Lip sealed flanges

16. FLANGE TIGHTENING

17. Flanged joints
 Confined Joint
 Unconfined Joint
 Partially confined Joint
 Self energizing joint

18. VALVES
 Valves used in industry serve
multiple roles:
 stopping or starting flow
 Varying the rate of flow
 Permitting flow in one direction only
 Switching flow along different routes
 Discharging fluid from a system

20. GATE VALVES
 Non- Rising Stem
Gate Valves
 These Valves are
either fully open
or fully closed
types

21. GLOBE VALVE
 These valves are
used for
regulating flow.

22. BALL VALVE

23. BUTTERFLY VALVE

24. CHECK VALVE

25. GASKETS
 Used to seal between two surfaces.
 Choice of gasket is decided by :
 Temp., Pr.,or corrosiveness of fluid
 Whether maint. Requires repeated
opening
 Code requirement
 cost

26. TYPE OF GASKETS
 Plain gaskets : Rubber,Teflon, CAF
 SW Gaskets
 Jacketed Gaskets
 Ring Gaskets : Oval, Octagonal
 Lens Gaskets
 Copper ,Aluminium Gaskets
 Serrated Gaskets

27. Spiral wound gaskets

28. Ring gasket
Serrated gasket