Vulnerability Assessment ( Va )

Vulnerability Assessment ( Va )
1. Introduction
Security is a standout amongst the most difficult and complex issue in Information Technology (IT)
today. Security causes millions of dollars loss to the different organizations every year. Even if 99%
of all assaults result from known vulnerabilities and flawed misconfigurations, an answer is most
certainly not direct. With a crowd of networks, operating system and application related
vulnerabilities, security specialists are getting the opportunity to be logically aware of the need to
review and direct potential security dangers on their network and systems. This requires a more
effective and insightful way to deal with sustaining the project. Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is the
procedure of identifying, quantifying, measuring and organizing dangers connected with system and
host–based network to reduce its risk to the system. Vulnerability Assessment (VA) tools permit
customization of security strategy, computerized examination of vulnerabilities, and formation of
reports that helps to discover security vulnerability.
Network around the world is connected through various hardware and application. Different types of
connections are used to connect network around the world. Many organizations and companies are
using different types of network connected to the internet to flourish their business related activities.
Network is mainly categorized into three forms: LAN, MAN and WAN. All these network are
connected together to make an entire huge network around
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How Are Natural Disasters Socially Constructed? Essay
With reference to various examples, discuss how 'natural' disasters are socially constructed.
While natural disasters such as floods, drought and hurricanes are commonly thought to occur due to
environmental forces such as weather, climate and tectonic movements; a deeper investigation into
the 'disaster' displays other contributing forces. Human factors have a large, if not equal,
contribution to the occurrance and outcome of such disasters (Pelling, 2001). As Pelling (2001)
argues, there is both a physical and human dimension to 'natural disasters'. The extent to which the
natural occurrence of a physical process, such as a flood or earthquake, impacts on society is
constructed by that society, creating a 'disaster' as measured by a ... Show more content on
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As the Marxist approach puts it, "underlying states of human marginalisation are conceived as the
principle cause of disaster." (Pelling, 2001, p. 179). This resource exclusion to particular categories
of people within society creates their vulnerability to risk, and in turn disaster. McLaughlin and
Dietz (2007) suggest there are three dimensions that make up vulnerability including exposure,
sensitivity and resilience. An example displaying the vulnerability of lower classed social categories
is in North Bihar, India, where floods have been managed through engineering works to create
embankments. While the Government appears to be reducing the hazard, this has increased the
vulnerability of the local people. Soil fertility has decreased reducing agricultural success,
dangerous flash floods are occurring due to embankment walls collapsing and communities have
settled on apparently safe embankments and are now highly exposed (Pelling, 2001). The natural
flood hazard was dangerous, but these works by society have created a natural disaster (Pelling,
2001). Power inequalities have created this disastrous situation where lower classes are at high
exposure to floods due to profit hungry management bodies. This technological approach is clearly
failing but the Government and other managing groups make large profits off flood engineering
works and have the power to decide how to control the issue (Pelling, 2001). This has resulted in
creating

Risk Assessment Of Information Technology
Risk Assessment in Information Technology
Katherine A. Davis–Anderson
American Military University
Professor Jenelle Davis
Risk Assessment in Information Technology
This paper will address risk assessment in Information Technology and discuss factors used to
identify all kinds of risks in company network diagram. It will also assess the risk factors that are
inclusive for the Company and give the assumptions related to the security data as well as regulatory
issues surrounding risk assessment. In addressing the global implications, the paper will propose
network security vulnerabilities and recommend the mitigation measures for the vulnerabilities.
Cryptography recommendations based on data driven decision–making will be assessed, and
develop risk assessment methodologies.
Risk assessment in Information Technology
Risk assessment is one of the mitigation methods for the Networks design. The scanners or
vulnerability tools are used to identify the risks or vulnerabilities within the network design. The
risks can be identified by these tools as they extend beyond software detects to incorporate other
easily vulnerabilities including mis–configurations (Rouse, 2010). The shareware assessment tools
are accessible online and can be used to supplement commercial scanners.
Framework of risk assessment
Step 1 – categorizing information and information systems. Here unique department traits are
highlighted and assigned impact levels (high, medium or low) in line with

Recommendation Of Security Best Practices And Standards
Recommendation of Security best practices and standards
a. Based on knowledge of recommended security best practices and standards, document and
communicate the desired future state for security of the ICS.
The Pure Land should take steps to make the networks and systems strong. There are number of
things that are very essential for the safety and security of the company. The company should
provide training and development to its employees, use backup and recovery system, use access
control, and facilitate vulnerability scanning and management. Here are some of the recommended
best practices and standards the company needs to do for the better security:
➢ Backup and recovery:
The backup and recovery plays a significant role in protecting the data. The PureLand Company has
several of data that are personal and confidential. They hold data and information of the employees,
customers and other stakeholders. The system of the company can get hacked or compromised and
they can be deleted accidently. The data backup and recovery process helps to access those data
once they are lost.
➢ Access control
The access control is the way of controlling the access of employees within certain boundary. The
PureLand Company has IT department, Account department, marketing department and so on. The
management should provide access to employees only to their own department. For instance,
employees of account department should have access only to the account section. They should be
restricted

Security Risks And Risk Management
EHEALTH SECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT
Abstract
Protecting the data related to health sector, business organizations, information technology, etc. is
highly essential as they are subject to various threats and hazards periodically. In order to provide
security, the information has to adapt to certain risk analysis and management techniques which has
to be done dynamically with the changes in environment. This paper briefly describes about
analyzing the security risks and risk management processes to be followed for electronic health
records to ensure privacy and security.
Overview of Security Risk Management:
The data present in the Electronic Health Records that are recorded, maintained or transmitted by
the third party devices and so, must be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further, privacy and security are like chronic diseases that require treatment, continuous monitoring
and evaluation, and periodic adjustment.
According to HIPAA, the required implementation specification for risk analysis requires a covered
entity to, "conduct an accurate and thorough assessment of the potential risks and vulnerabilities to
the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic protected health information held by the
covered entity."
The process of risk analysis consists of 9 steps:
Step 1. System Characterization:
Initially system characterization is required to accelerate the process of risk analysis. Through this
process, the information that is needed to be protected is identified. Some of the examples of
applications include Electronic health records, Laboratory information system, and pharmacy
system. The general support systems consist of computers, laptops, smartphones, email, etc. which
are used in the organization to support various applications. The risk analysis should stress upon
systems that have more effect on healthcare operations
Step 2. Threat Identification:
The next step is to identify threats. Threats can be of anything from earthquakes and tornadoes to
human errors, carelessness, hacking, hardware failure, power outage, etc. Identifying all the threats
is not necessary but it is important to identify the regular

As Organizations Reliance On Technology Continues To Grow
As organizations reliance on technology continues to grow so has the amount of cyber attacks which
occur compromising organizations information systems and networks. These cyber attacks can have
drastic effect on organization financially including downtime or even regulatory fines. Due to this
the need to be able to properly identify assets, their vulnerabilities and threats, and the risk they pose
to the organization has become a must for ensuring the protection of organizations information
systems and networks. This have gave way to the creation of threat modeling process to aid
organizations beater identify and mitigate the risk to their organizations security. The creation of a
threat model is a way for organizations to be able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As mentioned above the first threat in this threat modeling process is vulnerability and threat source
identification. In this step it is job of the threat modeler to perform research to identify detailed
sources of information about threats and vulnerabilities. When choosing sources about threat and
vulnerabilities it is essential to ensure that the sources are up to date and credible. This often
requires the threat modeler to look for published sources of information or even scholarly websites
to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the information. One example of an excellent source for
information about threats and vulnerabilities which are commonly used by threat modelers in the
National Institute of Technology's National Vulnerability Database. This is an up to date government
repository of identify vulnerabilities

Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis, Intrusion Detection, And...
Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis, Intrusion
Detection, and Incident Response
Kevin M. Smith
CSEC662 – University of Maryland, University College
31 May 15
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview 3
Greiblock Credit Union Policy Regarding Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis, Intrusion Detection, and
Incident Response 6
Purpose 6
Scope 6
Policy 6
Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis 6
Intrusion Detection 7
Incident Response 8
Enforcement 9
Incident Response 9
Metrics 10
Incident Response 11
References 12
OVERVIEW
With the increase in threats over the past few years it is no longer acceptable for an organization to
feel data is protected ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Determining what hardware underlies applications and data – to identify servers (both physical and
virtual), web based applications, and data storage devices that hold critical and sensitive data.
Mapping of network infrastructure – to understand the network devices that applications and
hardware depend on for secure performance.
Identification of controls already in place – including policies, firewalls, applications, intrusion and
detection prevention systems, virtual private networks, data loss prevention and encryption.

Running vulnerability scans – to identify known vulnerabilities within an organizational system.
Application of context to scan results – to determine which infrastructure vulnerabilities should be
targeted first and most aggressively.
The goal of intrusion detection is to monitor network assets, detect anomalous behavior, and identify
misuse within a network (Ashoor, Gore, 2011). An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or
software application that monitors network system activities for malicious activity or policy
violations and produces reports to a management station (Kashyap, Agrawal, Pandey, Keshri, 2013),
additionally there are three types of IDS:
Host based IDS – monitors a computer system on which it is installed in order to detect intrusion or
misuse by analyzing several types of logs files including kernel, system, server, network and
firewall logs, and compares logs with signatures for known attacks.
Network based

Database Security Is Vital For Any And Every Organization
Research Paper
Spencer Zindel
Liberty University Online
BMIS 325
8/01/2015
Abstract
Database security is vital for any and every organization which uses databases. Without proper
security, the databases can be breached and the breaches can lead to confidential information being
released. This has happened to many organizations whether they are large or small; for example, in
the past few years Target and Sony both fell victim to database breaches. To make matters worse
both Target and Sony were actually warned about the flaws in their security, but neither took any
action to resolve the flaws. Looking into these breaches and how they were handled could lead to
designing better databases. Organizations should also look within themselves to assure all
employees know good security practices. Simply following regular procedures such as installing
antivirus software and firewalls can help create more secure databases. An organization should look
at all of their databases to ensure the same top level security is established for all of their databases.
Introduction
With advances in technology constantly happening, it can be hard to keep up with all of the latest
trends. If organizations cannot keep up with the latest trends, it can lead to flaws in their security.
Any flaws in security can have a detrimental effect on an organization's database. Almost every
organization has some sort of database, whether it is for maintaining customers, inventory, or vital
information.

Evaluation Of A Disaster Risk Analysis
Further, domain level percentile rank will be calculated for each of the five domains by calculating
the sum of the percentile ranks of the variables in that domain. Finally, an overall percentile rank for
each tract will be calculated as the sum of the domain percentile rankings. In addition to total SVI,
we will include a count of the number of individual variables with percentile ranks of 90 or higher
for each of the five domains and for the tract/block group overall. The total flags variable will help
identify the tracts that have vulnerable populations due to a high percentile in at least one
demographic variable which may have lower overall social vulnerability scores. At the end of this
exercise, we will have six indices one for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We will use Cardona et al.'s (2012) approach to risk where we will assess risk using three main
components: hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. In our framework, OA is the hazard. Exposure
refers to marine resources that are directly important to communities in the Gulf Coast. Vulnerability
is made up of two dimensions: sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The total disaster risk is based on
the intersection of the hazard, the assets exposed to the hazard, and a system's vulnerability to the
hazard (Figure 1). In our study, OA is the environmental hazard and it is projected to change over
time.
Methodology to estimate Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability and Risk
Hazard: We will use in situ data collected from the northern Gulf and data from the NOAA Ocean
Acidification Program's OAPS after fine–tuning some of the OAPS algorithms for the northern Gulf
of Mexico region to analyze the trends of ocean acidification parameters in the northern Gulf. The
trends will then be correlated with sensitivity of the vulnerability and resilience of the communities
in various OA scenarios.
Exposure: Exposure to the OA levels in the Gulf of Mexico is related to the marine resources that
are important to communities and that are susceptible to OA. Because OA affects differently to
different marine resources, we will restrict the study to the species that are negatively

Nt2580 Unit 7 Chapter 12
In this module 7, I learn Chapter 12 and Chapter 13 I have very wide knowledge about following
subjects.
A vulnerability assessment is a risk testing process which finds, quantity and rank possible
vulnerabilities to threats in as many security defects as possible in a given timeframe. Depend upon
organization scope there are many way to conduct vulnerability assessment. This assessment may
involve automated and manual techniques.
Following three major steps are conducting an assessment:
Conduct Assessment: In this step, planning component and gathering all relevant information, such
as defining the scope of activities, defining roles and responsibilities and making others aware
process.
Address Exposures: In this step, reviewing final collected ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
uses to Trusted Computer Bases (TCBs). Here are C1 and C2 sub division. C1 – Discretionary
Security Protection: In this sub division Access Control Lists (ACLs) security which protect
User/Group/World. Security will protect following Users who are all on the same security level,
Username and Password protection and secure authorisations database (ADB), Protected operating
system and system operations mode, Periodic integrity checking of TCB, Tested security
mechanisms with no obvious bypasses, Documentation for User Security, Documentation for
Systems Administration Security, Documentation for Security Testing, TCB design documentation
and Typically for users on the same security level. C2 – Controlled Access Protection: In this sub
division similarity protect like C1 but following are the extra protected by this C2: Object protection
can be on a single–user basis, Authorization for access may only be assigned by authorized users,
Object reuse protection, Mandatory identification and authorization procedures for users, Full
auditing of security events, Protected system mode of operation and Added protection for
authorization and audit

Nt1310 Unit 1
Unit 1 Discussion: Hazards, Vulnerabilities, and Risks Compare the differences between a Hazard,
Vulnerability, and Risk Hazards are activities or events that cause loss of life, injury, property
damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation. These hazards can be
natural or manmade, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, wildfires, and terrorist
attacks. Vulnerabilities can be described as the potential for hazards. Vulnerabilities can be such
things as geographical locations, a community up north has a lower vulnerability for hurricanes, as
compared to Florida communities. Risk is described as the level of protection a community or area
will have if they are involved in a hazard, and the certain groups ... Show more content on
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Include: geography, special features, demographics of the population, and other relevant factors that
may come into play in a risk assessment. o We need to know if it is mountainous, flat, wooded,
urban, rural, near water, near the ocean, heavily populated, whether it has a vulnerable population to
the assigned risk, etc. Paint the class a word picture of the area where you live. Do not just tell us
where it is. Where I live it is made up of 61,402 males, and 68,711 females. The makeup is 96 %
urban and 4 % rural. My area is very close to the Cooper River and the Atlantic Ocean. The beach is
close by with many waterfront homes. There is 12 % elders and 18 % children and teenagers. My
state is in the top 16 states with a high risk of earthquakes. 70 % of earthquakes in my state happen
in three areas, Ravenel–Adams Run– Hollywood, Middleton Place– Summerville, and Bowman.
Assess the likelihood of occurrence and the impact of the assigned hazard to where you live. Tell us
your assigned hazard, the vulnerability of your area to that hazard, then the likelihood that the
hazard will occur. Rate the risk assessment on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being low risk and low
vulnerability and 10 being high risk and high

Building A Recommender System For Architecture Related...
section{Literature Review}label{sec:lit_review}
Security breaches are a well–known problem that have been solved in different ways: automatic
detection tools cite{li2010comparative}, documentation of best practicescite{owasp2015} and
software development process activities (such as penetration testing cite{arkin2005software},
modeling cite{mcdermott1999using, swiderski2004threat}, architectural analysis
cite{halkidis2008architectural,mcdermott1999using,howard2003writing} and so on). Despite the
research community efforts to create techniques and tools for developing more secure software,
there is a gap for techniques that address the security problem using an architectural point of view
cite{rehman2009research}. Given that this research ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their results showed that static analysis tools face the issue of finding many false
positives/negatives mainly because it is highly dependent on a previous set of rules or a
vulnerability database that specifies the nature of the vulnerability. Besides that, they also discussed
that these tools are tied to a specific technology/programming language, so there is no tool that can
be applied to all type of applications and accurately detects their weaknesses. Similarly, Kuperman
et al cite{kuperman2005detection} conducted a study about vulnerability prevention and mitigation
techniques for attacks that exploit the existence of buffer overflows in the code and found out that
there is no solution that can avoid all the consequences of a buffer overflow.
%Given these results, they proposed combining static analysis tools with dynamic testing to find
security holes. Their idea is to first test the program using static analysis tools and later using a
dynamic detection to confirm the existence of the weaknesses detected found in the static analysis.
Dessiatnikoff et. al. cite{dessiatnikoff2011clustering} proposed a new

Most Expensive IT Vulnerability
Most Expensive IT Vulnerability: Ineffective Patch Management Right now, 37% of Internet users
in the US are surfing the web with outdated versions of Java (CSIS, 2015). For organizations that
have not paid close attention to cybersecurity in the past, now is your wakeup call. According to a
recently released study, the average cost of a data breach in the United States has climbed from $5.9
million to a staggering $6.5 million per breach (Ponemon, 2015). This is enough to not only hurt
many organizations, but also cause irrevocable damage to their economic standings. The purpose of
this paper is to examine what the root cause for most of these breaches are. From a review of the
largest breaches in the past 5 years, I have come down to this conclusion: Unpatched software is
single handedly costing American organizations billions of dollars every year in expensive and
embarrassing security breaches.
What are Unpatched Applications?
The first question you may be asking yourself is, "What are Unpatched Applications?" No
application is perfect; this is a constant in the cybersecurity realm. Vulnerabilities, or holes within an
application or operating system, will continue to be discovered. Once discovered, the developer will
design a fix for the vulnerability and release a patch or update. Once installed, the patch will close
the security flaw that had the potential to be exploited. Within an organization, there is the
possibility that not all the applications have been

Interpreting The Results And Remediation
Interpreting the results and remediation. After the vulnerability assessment has taken place it is time
to interpret the results of the scan. This is where the organization finds out what the vulnerabilities
of their network are. The vulnerabilities that were found in the process of the assessment must be
categorized, most vulnerability scanners will produce reports that will list and categorize the threats
that were found, this is also called threat modeling which we will get into in the next section. Once
these results are analyzed the next step is to start remediating the vulnerabilities. Just like any other
updates, the remediation of vulnerabilities should be scheduled, change management is a very
important part of an organizations IT ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once the scans are complete and the current vulnerabilities are patched it is a good idea to
implement a regular scanning schedule, once per month is an acceptable frequency to scan the
network for new vulnerabilities. Vulnerability assessment is a continuous cycle due do new
vulnerabilities being discovered every day, organizations must stay on top of their game if they want
their organization to remain secure. Figure 1 illustrates the continuous cycle of vulnerability
assessment.
Modeling and Determining Threats Threat modeling is a way to categorize threats using a structured
approach to address the threats with the most potential to do damage to a network. An example of a
threat model that is commonly used to rate threats is DREAD, this acronym stands for Damage,
Reproducibility, Exploitability, Affected users, and Discoverability. Each of these categories is
assessed a value from 0–10 with 0 being nothing and the being the most serious risk. (OWASP, n.d.)
An approach such as this will assist an organization in determining the importance and priority of
threats on their network. Another commonly used threat model is STRIDE, as seen in Table 2. The
following sections will walk through the entire process of threat modeling.
Identifying Assets To model threats, the organization will need to identify their assets. The assets
will typically be critical

Facility Security Evaluation Paper
My experience with the critical skill of evaluation is most apparent in my ability to accurately
review and analyze facility security assessments (FSA). These assessments are prepared and
completed by the Federal Protective Service (FPS) Inspectors, and are a vital part of their
performance plan and core document. Facility security assessments are comprised of a Vulnerability
Survey Reports (VSR) that FPS provides as a unique, yet comprehensive evaluation report that is
developed under the Modified Infrastructure Survey Tool (MIST). As the Area Commander, it is my
responsibility for overseeing all stages of the assessment process. The FSA includes the VSR in the
vulnerability survey report. The VSR evaluates the weakness in the overall ... Show more content on
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Prior to the introduction of RAMP, FPS utilized the Facility Survey Risk Management (FSRM)
program. The FSRM had been a very successful threat based assessment tool. It was easy for the
inspector to enter data and allowed for additional information regarding the specifics of the facility
to include square footage, population and detail regarding each agency. The FSRM was simplistic in
nature, yet detailed enough to explain areas that were deficient regarding facility security levels and
the countermeasure implementation to mitigate potential threats. As FPS evolved so did the need for
a better assessment program. FPS decided that the FSRM did not meet the criteria of today's security
challenges, leading to the development of RAMP. RAMP mirrored the FSRM in relation to being a
threat–based assessment, but was too complicated regarding data entry. There were many setbacks
due to programing issues, which created a time compliance conflict affecting its reliability and
practical application. The program itself was difficult to implement effectively and required
extensive training not only in application but also in presentation. RAMP is not considered a user–
friendly program, therefore difficult in application requiring a substantial amount of computer
memory just to operate. RAMP was also very difficult to present to

Zero Day Exploits
Zero Day Exploits Employed for Economic or Military Advantage Zero day exploits are one of the
leading ways cyber wars are conducted. Zero day exploits are vulnerabilities in software that can be
exploited to seize control of the targeted software. Zero day exploits are, more specifically,
previously unknown vulnerabilities and are impossible to detect since signatures for them have not
been developed. Thus these exploits will be the instrumental in future use against enemy nations or
organizations for the purposes of information gathering and system compromise. The U.S
government along with other nations developed zero day exploits to be utilized for attacking
adversary systems. Interestingly, the systems targeted can be either military in function or can be a
part of adversaries economy. Joseph Menn said that one of the major problems with using cyber
tools and other vulnerabilities is that they must remain secret be useful to the government. If these
tools and exploits become publicly known to the entire user communities, then defenses can be
developed to thwart these weapons (Menn, 2013). This results in the government classifying
information about zero day attacks and by extension, not warning the American people about the
threats that currently exist. Arguably to protect the public, the ... Show more content on
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He also stated that he doesn't think "that any amount of policy alone will stop them from what they
are doing" (Sanger,2012), referring to the Russians, and other top cyber countries. The human aspect
of these activities dictates that the possible advantages provided by a zero day exploit will ensure
that organizations and individuals will continue attacking others in the cyber domain. What we will
have to do is have good command and control strategies in place for attacks like

The And Emergency Medical Situations
and emergency medical situations
3. Threats – threats are identified as man–made because of their human intent element. Norman
identifies the five threat groups as (2010,p.115):
1) Terrorists– Classes I, II, III, IV, V.
2) Economic Criminals – Transnational Criminal Organizations, Organized Crime, Sophisticated
Economic Criminals, Unsophisticated economic Criminals & Street Criminals.
3) Nonterrorist Violent Criminals – Workplace Violence Threat actors, Angry Visitors, Sexual
Criminals, Mugging/ Parking Lot Violence, Civil Disorder Event Violence & Deranged Persons.
4) Subversives – Cause– Oriented Subversives, Political and Industrial Spies, Saboteurs, Cults/
Dedicated Activist Groups, Hackers, Invasion of Privacy Threat Actors & Persistent Rule Violators.
5) Petty Criminals – Vandals, Pickpockets, Prostitutes, Pimps, and Panderers & Disturbance
Causers.
In today's culture, college campuses can face any number of risk, but for the purpose of this paper, I
will be looking at what I believe to be the most probable, or there is a high probability level.
Probability is defined as (Fisher & Green, 2004, p.139)," Probability is a mathematical statement
concerning the possibility of an event occurring." As stated, natural disasters are considered Acts of
God, so they can be unpredictable and must be taking into consideration, especially for those
universities located near shorelines ( flooding & hurricanes), and earthquake and tornado zones.
Secondly, technological and

A Report On Ibis Midlands Hotel Network Essay
Abstract
The managing director of IBIS MIDLANDS hotel decided to Consult Network Security Consultant
after the other hotels of the IBIS chain have encountered several breaches. The managing director
has asked the Consultant to appraise the threats and vulnerabilities that exist in the network and to
identify the different security risks that the network is facing and also to produce a report about what
found. The report concluded that the hotel network is suffering from several issues of technical and
administrative aspects. The Consultant has recommended the following risks should be taken as a
priority. First, the hotel network data is possible to be lost due to there is no data backup server.
Second, the network could be exploited by a remote, unauthenticated user, that will lead to negative
Serious consequences.
Abstract
The aim of this research paper is to appraise the threats and vulnerabilities that exist in the IBIS
MIDLANDS hotel network and to identify the different security risks that the network is facing.
This report will only mention the estimated hazards that surrounding the network and offers some
recommendations to the Board of the IBIS chain. Due to other hotels of the IBIS chain have
encountered several breaches. In addition, evaluate the existing network security against the threats
and Potential risks. This paper concluded that the hotel network is suffering from several issues of
technical and administrative aspects. It is recommended the following

Dbr Case
Based on the information in this case analysis, what are the types of threats DBR may be facing?
DBR is facing various kinds of threats like one from its competitors who could try to steal the
intellectual property of DBR and other from the advanced hackers who may be against the offshore
oil drilling projects and could target DBR for their role in those projects.
Corporate Theft & Sabotage
Recently DBR released their advanced robotic prototype at an international tradeshow. Industry
experts have termed this prototype as the most advanced robotic system and also suggest that this
prototype is at least 5 years ahead of what DBR's competition has to offer. Because of this reason,
DBR fear that their competitors could try and steal their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Espionage through advanced persistent threat (APT)
Advanced persistent threat (APT) is most critical information security threat. Competitor companies
could try such attacks with intent of having ongoing access to DBR's research data. In these attacks,
the data is not damaged or deleted, but is stolen without raising any alarms. This is the most
advanced and critical threat because with APT attacks, competitors can have unrestricted access to
DBR's network and data for as long as they desire.
Corporate Theft & Sabotage
The threat which DBR is facing from its competitors is another significant threat. Before the launch
of the new prototype robot, DBR's competitors had an upper hand in the market which they lost
once the DBR announced their new prototype. Network attacks from the DBR's competitors could
be aimed at either at stealing the intellectual property so that they can again get in front in the
robotics market or those attacks could be for damaging or corrupting the research data so that DBR
is not able to function as efficiently. Such network attacks are also capable of damaging the
company's infrastructure. Competitor's intent behind these threats is straightforward, they want to
get ahead in the market either by stealing the information from DBR or by hampering DBR's
functioning through data and infrastructure damage.
Sabotage & Information extortion
Environment "hacktivists" may attack the network of DBR with

Essay On Wireshark And Nmap Vulnerability Assessment Tools
Lookman Omisore UMUC CST 610 The use of Wireshark and Network Mapper (Nmap)
vulnerability assessment tools will identify potential flaws in the Microsoft and Linux operating
systems. In order for an attacker to breach into the computer system; the attacker needs to either be
using the Wireshark or Nmap tool. First, a machine needs to selected by using a variety of
techniques like port scanning and so forth. Once the targeted system has been identified, the tool is
initated and the attacker can sweep through the entire network for weaknesses and open network
ports. Wireshark is an open source network packet analyzer that functions by capturing and
displaying live network for both Windows and Linux operating systems. Wireshark

Vulnerability In The IT Industry
Vulnerability is defined as the capability of or susceptibility to being wounded or hurt, as by a
weapon; open to assault; difficult to defend . IT managers face many aspects of vulnerability
everyday and it is rapidly growing. This study is an attempt to show that most important
cybersecurity vulnerability facing IT managers today is trust of the end user. Overall, an end user
working within any capacity can be easily compromised through BYOD use and cause possible
damage to an IT infrastructure. Mobile Devices in the Digital Age 1.2 billion mobile devices were
sold globally in 2013. 10 billion devices, smartphones and tablets, will be in use by 2019 (Harris,
2013). The prevalence of mobile gadgets has steadily risen since; Cisco (2015) writes that "globally
mobile devices and connections in 2014 grew to 7.4 billion, up from 6.9 billion in 2013.
Smartphones accounted for 88 percent of that growth, with 439 million net additions in 2014. There
were nearly 109 million wearable devices. In 2014, the number of mobile–connected tablets
increased 1.6–fold to 74 million, and each tablet generated 2.5 times more traffic than the average
smartphone." Within these statistics, Allsopp concludes Apple sold ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This trend has spawned several positive factors. A primary factor is how BYOD has provided end
users a choice to utilize their personal devices instead of company–issued equipment. This one
element of BYOD alone has trickle down effects. One being a lower hardware cost for an entities' IT
department. New technical capabilities of the end user have resulted in faster equipment upgrades in
the IT field. The usual upgrade cycle is typically 3–5 years. Lastly, BYOD has increased employee
satisfaction due to end users already having their own person devices, and being able to integrate
that into the work environment (Bradley,

A Report On The Fire
Written Assignment #1
1. Risk: Risk is identified by each situation that could potentially bring harm to the town, and that
may bring damage if the risk is very hazardous.
a. In Stone Park even though we are a small community, we have a serious water pressure issue with
the water that supplies the fire hydrants. This community could have problems when fighting a fire
and not being supplied enough water, therefore, the fire could grow quickly due to not enough water.
Our village did talk to the city of Chicago about this issue, there has to be ways that we could fix
this, either by a miniature water tower or by possibly examining the water line to survey if there is
derby in the pipes. The community is aware of this issue, additionally they are trying to find a way
to fix this problem. One way the fire department can work around this issue is by putting down a
long length of hose to receive water that will not affected by the first connection to the hydrant that
has been made.
2. Community risk: This risk is specific to each community; community risk includes all risks that
could potentially happen within their community.
a. In Stone Park, we have three major roadways that have added an enormous amount of risk due to
the high chance of multiple care accidents with the high volume of traffic. In addition, there are two
younger aged schools in the village. This can pose a risk if a fire had happened within the building,
due to there can be some children that would hide and

Terrorism Vulnerability Assessments
Vulnerability assessments on terrorism were designed to establish any loopholes in a security system
that are prone to harm or attack by a person who may have intentions to harm a particular location,
an event or an individual. The main goal of terrorism vulnerability assessments is to establish the
weaknesses of facilities across a variety of probable threats. Once such threats are assessed, physical
and operational measures of improvement are put in place so as to make sure that such facilities are
adequately protected. Such assessments can be administered to a vast range of facilities ranging
from existing site management and new construction design over the life of service of such
structures. This paper will delve into critical vulnerability assessment of three locations. The first
location being Susquehanna Bank Center in Camden City, the Benjamin Franklin Bridge and lastly
Corriell Institute for Medical Research.
The critical aspect of vulnerability assessment is vulnerability rating of all the key aspects of the
operations of buildings or systems to the apparent threats for the particular facility. With regard to
safeguard priority and ratings on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Basically, the company is quite free from hazardous materials at the site given the fact that, it is only
an entertainment site. No products are stored in the site, which could be used in the manufacturing
of casualty explosives and other weapons. In addition to that, the company has put in place various
systems to prevent itself from hazardous materials or explosives such as metal detectors. As a result,
it is evident that using this criterion the company has low vulnerability. Using the criterion of
population of site, Susquehanna is highly susceptible as it attracts very large crowds. In fact, the
amphitheater has a population capacity of more than 25,000 persons (Susquehannabankcenter.org,

Case Study For Defence In Depth
2.8.3 Case Study for Defence in Depth Security
1. Security Is a Team Sport: A Case for Cooperative Defence in Depth
A Defence in Depth strategy has always remained in fashion and a constant within security–clever
organizations. Like the body's immune system, this strategy is focused on multiple layers of defence
to protect against any new threat. It includes defences and controls covering both networks and hosts
and encompasses all phases of threat protection from prevention, to detection, to response.
But there is an evolution to the traditional Defence in Depth strategy that is called "Cooperative
Defence in Depth." A Cooperative Defence in Depth strategy should include both prevention and
detection technologies that support open security ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Persistence it says the Install and Command & Control phases. From a defence standpoint, at this
stage they've gotten a foothold and can "hang around" on the network. Until now the attacker's
efforts resulted in very specific actions, but now they can connect back into the environment and
work towards a large–scale ex–filtration of data.
5. How the Skills Shortage Is Killing Defence in Depth
Denial of service attacks grow ever larger. Foundation turns out to have shocking holes. Since 2010,
security vendors have been developing ever more impressive, but specialized, security gizmos. It
used to be easy to sell targeted security products because every gizmo would get air cover from the
concept of defence in depth.
Military prior to the digital age, defence in depth is the idea that more layers of defence equal a
stronger security posture. For vendors, defence in depth meant it was all right if their gizmo didn't
offer wide protection because some other vendor's gizmos would plug the holes. Forrester analyst
Rick Holland called this philosophy "Expense in Depth – the multilayered approach to ensuring
minimal return on investment.''
Normally the market fixes problems like this: rising wages in any field should attract new applicants
to the business. But security doesn't work that way. Security is harder to teach than other

Information Gathering : Information And Intelligence...
1. Information gathering: information and intelligence gathering are the foundations of a good
vulnerability assessment, to understand how the application "should" work, as well as technologies
in use, it would be able to detect when the application behaves in ways it "shouldn't". Information
can be obtained by:
Manually navigating through the application to understand basic functionality of the application
Observe the network interface used by the application – Mobile communication(GSM, GPRS,
EDGE, LTE), Wireless (Wi–Fi (802.11 standards), Bluetooth, NFC), Virtual interfaces (VPN)
Identify what frameworks are in use
Identify server side APIs that are in use –
– Does the application leverage Single Sign On or Authentication APIs(OAuth, Google Apps)
– Any other APIs in use(Payment gateways, sms messaging, social network, cloud file storage)
Identify networking protocols in use – Are secure protocols used where needed
Identify applications with which the application interacts – Telephone (SMS, phone), Contacts,
ICloud, Email
This also shows techniques used to gather information such as system scanning, network scanning,
port scanning, system identification, service identification scanning
Deliverables: data and intelligence gathering that would aid in the implementation of the
vulnerability assessment
Outcome/output: clear understanding of the application of the EFB system
2. Vulnerability Assessment:
The security technique that would be employed in this

Vulnerability Assessment Paper
Vulnerability assessment refers to the process of identifying and classifying security loopholes and
risks in a computer system, network or communication system. Through this process, vital aspects
of data management are analyzed, the effectiveness of the current security software and measures
determined and any reparable measures are taken or recommended. Vulnerability assessment is
conducted against both internal and external threats and assist in highlighting the security posture of
an enterprise/organization.
Effective and efficient security practices are anchored on strong policies and procedures. It is always
prudent to ensure that underlying policies are firm in place to guarantee the success of the process.
Both the policies and the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Vulnerability
Vulnerabilities in a system are weaknesses present in the system or lack of a counter measure which
has been placed to secure the system from exploitation and attack. The weakness of the
countermeasure could be related to hardware or software. Any procedural or human weakness can
also be exploited to threat the network setup. Basically a threat agent gives rise to a threat, which in
turn exploits the vulnerability that gives to a risk. Therefore it is important to safeguard the system
against the vulnerabilities to protect it from any type of attack.
Electromagnetic vulnerability is a system property that causes it to suffer a definite degradation
when subjected to electromagnetic environmental effects. The information leakages from computer
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is state–of–the–art facility that does experiments on possible electromagnetic vulnerabilities that
can be posed by the US army weapons or by the electronics systems in use.
A few vulnerabilities related to EM security in a national level are stated as follows:
1. Modern electric equipment shrinks in size which is a reason for increased vulnerability to
electromagnetic interference. This makes restoring difficult.
2. Communication method such as given in the scenario presented to us where the network setup has
components of the national level of network of client nodes, infrastructure and datacenters, such
communications are vulnerable to the damage or disruption of electronics in the nodes that access
the fiber channels.
3. Sensors used in the system are vulnerable to EM attacks.
4. The electronic systems in the network are also vulnerable to HPM attacks. The enemy can
comfortably blind forces to allow attacks by disabling key nodes in a sensor network for a
considerable time period. This vulnerability though is limited to a range and needs high energy
towards the target

Similarities And Weaknesses Of Vulnerability Scanners
Comparison of Vulnerability Scanners
Introduction
With the advancements in information technology, the security concern of the users in the network is
increasing drastically. Various approaches have been adopted to protect respective network from un–
authorized users. New innovative methods have been presented in order to identify potential
discrepancies that can damage the network. Most commonly used approach for this purpose is
vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability can be defined as the potential flaws in the network that
make it prone to possible attack by un–authorized user. Assessment of these vulnerabilities provides
a way to identify as well as develop innovative strategies in order to protect the network. Numbers
of software ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accessing as well as eliminating the all vulnerabilities requires in depth understanding and sound
knowledge about them. It becomes essential to have basic idea behind the working of these
vulnerabilities like the way in which they appear in any system. One must be aware of the flaws
needed to be corrected in order to free the whole system from vulnerabilities, alternatives can also
be devised for this purpose and how to reduce the risk of them in a proactive manner [2]. Various
methods have been introduced for the identification of these vulnerabilities. Some of the methods
include attack graph generation, static analysis and vulnerability scanners. This work presents a
detailed study of the vulnerability scanners. It also analysis number of vulnerability scanners and
make comparison of them based on their identification abilities.
Vulnerability Scanners
A Vulnerability scanner can have access to a variety of vulnerabilities across complete information
systems including network systems, software applications, computers and operating systems. It must
be able to identify the vulnerabilities that could have originated from system administrator activities,
vendors or even everyday user activities. Possible examples of these vulnerabilities include software
bugs, web applications, insecure default configurations, lack of password protection or even failure
to run virus scanning

Why Is Hardware Important?
Hardware: The Samsung galaxy's hardware contains some of the highest end mobile device
hardware for 2016. Equipped with a Exynos 8890 Octacore processor, a QHD 1440 x 2560P display,
4GB of RAM and a high end primary camera which is 12MegaPixels with an aperture of f/1.7 at
26mm big.
For the main use of the hardware for me is the actually speed and fluidity of using the device. The
camera and storage of the device is not of importance to me as I use my own PC as a storage device
and I am not a person who takes frequent high quality photos.
Software: The operating system is up to date however running not the latest version of Android, this
being Marshmallow 6.0 using the touch interface named TouchWiz due to Android Nougat 7.0 not
yet being released to the device.
The software on the device besides the standard preinstalled applications is some social media apps,
such as Facebook and Snapchat. For messaging there is Facebook messengers, Skype and Steam.
For entertainment there is YouTube, TwitchTV and MX Players with ES File Explorer. For gaming
there is Pokémon GO, Nintendo emulators and a few classics. For security I have a number of
authenticators from different companies and for miscellaneous apps, there is SwiftKey, Shazam,
eBay, Flud, Bank app, ALDIMobile and the Telstra app.
My primary use of software on the phone regarding the operating system is that it is important to be
unrestrictive on what can be done, and not locked down like iOS device. For the preinstall

Vulnerability Exposure And Security Exposure
According to Microsoft, a "vulnerability is a security exposure that results from a product weakness
that the product developer did not intend to introduce and should fix once it is discovered"
(Microsoft, 2015). A vulnerability is a flaw in an asset which could be exploited by a threat. Where
there is a window of vulnerability, there is always a threat.
Vulnerability exposure is one of the most important security issues Information Technology
managers face. "An information security 'exposure' is a system structure issue or a fault in software
that allows access to information or capabilities that can be used by a hacker as a stepping–stone
into a system or network" (CVE, 2013). With the globalization of the internet, vulnerabilities in ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patches can be conveyed in three diverse ways; as a patch to the source code of a program, a patch
to the compiled binary code, and a complete ﬁle(s) replacement (White, 2007). Developers will
release patches as vulnerabilities arise; the patches can be received through a global wide area
network (WAN). This allows the users to update their systems as soon as possible after a
vulnerability is found.
Patch management involves making sure that that all of the released patches from vendors are
installed in a timely manner, at both an operating system and application level (Vacca, 2013). This
includes managing these updates according to the organizations' business schedule and having
emergency procedures set in place in the event of an outbreak. Patching vulnerabilities may be time
consuming, this is why many IT managers, IS managers and the general consumer need to be
proactive in managing their systems.
Patches may be created in various sizes from just a few kilobytes to hundreds of megabytes. Service
packs (SP) are issued by developers when the sizes of the individual patches reach a limit. Typically
anything over 100 megabytes in Microsoft is considered a service pack. Many administrators wait
for the service pack to be released rather than individual patches. Developers release patches and
updates rather frequently, for example, Microsoft

Lab 2 Performing A Vulnerability Assessment Worksheet Essay
Assessment Worksheet
Performing a Vulnerability Assessment
CSS150–1502A–02 : Introduction to Computer Security
Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________
Johnathan McMullen
Student Name: ________________________________________________________________
Stephen Osborne
Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________
Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________
Overview
In this lab, you used Nmap commands within the Zenmap application to scan the virtual network
and identify the devices on the network and the operating systems and services running on them.
You also used OpenVAS to conduct a vulnerability assessment and record the high risk ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Who hosts and who sponsors the CVE database listing Web site?
CVE stands for Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. The Mitre Corporation , under contract
with the Department of Homeland Security (sponsor) and the U.S. National Cyber Security
Division (sponsor), is responsible for hosting the CVE database listing web site. The CVE listing is
a database of known software vulnerabilities and exposures and how to mitigate them with
5. Can
Zenmap detect which operating systems are present on IP servers and workstations? software
patches and updates.
Which option includes that scan?
The –O command enables OS fingerprinting for OS detection.You can also use the –sV command to
detect software version and the OS
6. How can you limit the breadth and scope of a vulnerability scan?
You can use a text file, which will list only the hosts detected in the Nmap scan.
7. Once a vulnerability has been identified by OpenVAS, where would you check for more
information regarding the identified vulnerability, exploits, and any risk mitigation solution?
The CVE references found at the bottom of the vulnerability table.

8. What is the major difference between Zenmap and OpenVAS?
The second step of the ethical hacking process typically consists of two parts: port scanning and
vulnerability assessment. Zenmap (Nmap) is used to perform an initial IP host discovery as well as
scan for ports/services. OpenVAS is used to scan for vulnerabilities. It also can perform an audit of
Unix,
Windows,

Software Vulnerabilities
Vulnerabilities are always developing as attackers keep discovering the new purposes of flaws to
obtain entrance into IT environments.
Understanding the weakness/vulnerabilities in the framework of the enterprise is significant step
towards decreasing the influence of the vulnerability on the network or enterprise and thus, solving
it. This not only takes care of the issue but rather make the association aware about the reasons that
can bring about the vulnerabilities and hence lessen aware about the causes that can cause the
vulnerabilities and hence reduce the performance and output.
The major vulnerabilities in the enterprise are as follows:
a) Design errors:
A device error is a flaw, failure, or flaw that causes to create a flawed or unexpected result. Most
errors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
d) Software vulnerabilities:
Software vulnerabilities are the security faults, or shortcoming found in programming or in a
working framework (OS) that can prompt security concerns. An illustration of a product blemish is a
cradle flood. This is when programming gets to be slow down or crashes when clients open a
document that may be "too heavy" for the system to peruse.
e) Policy flaws:
This defines the vulnerabilities which are caused by lack of proper implementation of policies. It is
common to observe a gap between what is usually planned and what actually happened as a result of
a policy
f) Malicious software:
Malicious software (malware) is any product that offers control of your PC to do whatever the
malware creator needs. Malware can be an infection, worm, Trojan, adware, spyware, root pack. The
harm done can shift from something slight as changing the creator's name on a report to full control
of your machine without your capacity to effortlessly figure out. Most malware requires the client to
start its

The Department Of Homeland Security
After the attacks on September 11th, 2001 the United States was forced to reassess its policies over
the defense of the country within its borders. Until that time the United States' homeland security
was under the jurisdiction of the Department of Justice (Masse, O'Neil, & Rollins, 2007). After the
attack the Executive branch of the government created a new organization that would be responsible
for deciding where the biggest threats to the country were. This was the birth of the Department of
Homeland Security. The Department of Homeland Security is responsible for assessing all risk to
the Nation within its borders and developing way to mitigate these threats before a disaster can take
place. One of the documents that the Department of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Security councils are designed so that a group of people that usually include city, county, or state
offices can gather information and decide what and where the biggest threats to the jurisdictional
area are. Some of the departments that would most likely be included in a council would be
emergency services, the finance department for the area, and local leadership. These councils may
also elect to work with private sector companies if the security review incorporates cyber security. I
the case of the State of Oklahoma, two documents have been formed to attempt to identify hazards
for their communities. The first is the Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan. This committee consists of
members from the Oklahoma Department of Emergency Management, Oklahoma Climatological
Survey, Conservation Commission, Department of Commerce, Department of Health, and many
others (State of Oklahoma, 2014). This group of people developed this document that outlines every
major environmental threat to the State. They even went as far as to set a level of prioritization that
has a scale from 1 to 4. They rated the natural hazards in order to triage which events were most
likely to happen and which ones would cause the biggest impact to the state. A lot of emphasis is
placed on

Disaster And Emergency Management
The term "social vulnerability" describes a fluid concept to the socioeconomic and demographic
factors that can affect a population's ability to mitigate risk. Vulnerability can be represented in a
specific physical or geographic location, or those within a certain socioeconomic status, or
demographic. The discussion of social vulnerability frequents the field of Disaster and Emergency
Management, as it is an important factor in the planning and execution of mitigating possible risks
that varying populations may face. Emergency managers in The United States of America use the
Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) which uses U.S. census data to help identify communities which
need aid and support before, during and recovering from a hazardous event (http://svi.cdc.gov). The
SVI explains that numerous factors can weaken a community's ability to prevent risk, human
suffering and financial loss in the event of a disaster. Such factors listed include; poverty, lack of
access to transportation, and over–crowded housing. These components, among others make up the
concept of "social vulnerability" (http://svi.cdc.gov).
The SVI is used in all 4 of the phases of emergency management: planning, mitigation, response and
recovery. For example, in emergency response, the SVI is utilized to estimate the amount of needed
supplies for a specific vulnerable community. In emergency planning, the SVI can be used to
determine evacuation strategies for those without vehicles or those living with a

Review Of Cybersecurity Risks Of Medical Device Software
REVIEW OF CYBERSECURITY RISKS OF MEDICAL DEVICE SOFTWARE
SURESH K. VELUPULA
FRANKLIN UNIVERSITY
COMP 650–R1WW, FALL 2014 Abstract
Nowadays, more and more medical devices are increasingly being converted or replaced from
electro–mechanical devices to software–controlled networked devices. Software for these medical
devices would need to be kept to update to keep up with the security (worms and viruses) concerns
and governing regulations while not risking the health of the patient. In this paper the author
analyzes the viewpoints and presents a review of the paper: "Inside Risks: Controlling for
Cybersecurity Risks of Medical Device Software" (Fu and Blum, 2013). Fu and Blum (2013) give
their views on the cybersecurity risks associated with the medical devices. Some of their key points
are: a) medical devices depend on software for providing care and services. b) Security risks could
cause harm to the patient. c) Post–market surveillance of the medical device is required. d) Health
data integrity and availability of patient care are crucial as compared to hacking of medical devices.
e) Provide incentives to user facilities to report security vulnerabilities and security incidents. f)
Manufacturers should consider cybersecurity during design phase of the medical device. g) Match
the underlying software life cycles with the lifecycle of the medical device. h) Standards and
regulations to protect cybersecurity would need to be created and enforced thoroughly. i) Provide

Why Is Children A Vulnerableable Population?
Historically, children have been regarded as a vulnerable population because of their decreased
autonomy and reduced competence to provide informed consent as compared to adults (Schwenzer,
2008). Given their acknowledged vulnerability, those who research children often encounter
difficulties while conducting their research, as full IRB review is required for most studies with
children, despite the risk for harm (Fisher et al., 2013). Studies that would be exempt from IRB
review with adult participants, including education tests, survey or interview procedures, or
observations of public behavior, require IRB review with child participants (45 CFR 46.101).
However, some researchers advocate that when appropriate considerations are in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, there are risks associated with letting a child play baseball, however there are also
many benefits that the child directly experiences as a result of this activity. Thus, when no direct
benefit to the child is expected, the study must pose no more than minimal risk, as this more
accurately reflects the way people choose to encounter risks in their daily lives. This aligns with
Standard 3.08 Exploitative Relationships, which mandates that psychologists do not participate in
exploitative relationships with research participants. A study that poses more than minimal risk, but
does not offer direct benefits to participants could be considered to be exploitative (APA Code of
Conduct, 2017).
When determining what constitutes minimal risk for children, it should be recognized that children's
daily life and routine physical or psychological examinations differ from the risks encountered in the
daily lives of adults. Fisher et al. (2013) note that many research studies with children are performed
in school contexts and during other routine procedures, such as medical or psychological
examinations. Thus, there are examinations that children in school experience, which impact the
definition of minimal risk for this group. Fisher et al. (2013) advocate for a new definition of
minimal risk for research with children: "Minimal risk means

Homeland Security And Vulnerability Analysis
1) Employ the use of risk analysis and vulnerability assessment processes
When it comes to the protection and mitigating of any structure or organization risk analysis and
vulnerability assessments must be conducts so as to know what's to be protected, the threats
manmade or natural disaster, ranking the potential of threat as well as the probability. In terms of
critical infrastructure the risk analysis and vulnerability assessment has guidelines from Homeland
Security Presidential Directive Number 7(HSPD–7).
HSPD–7 states that the Secretary of Homeland Security is responsible for coordinating the overall
national efforts to identify, prioritize, and protect critical infrastructures and key resources (Moteff,
2005). This places the weight

Equifax Vulnerability Analysis
Vulnerability management is important to identified all risks across the network assets and ensure
that the right resources is sent to the right places, in the right order to provide effective protection for
our assets in order to keep it safe. The breach at Equifax was caused by a vulnerability costing over
$275M and also the WannaCry virus exploited a vulnerability. An effective vulnerability
management program is essential to the survival of the merging organization. This program reduces
the chance of revenue lost and productivity resulting from network intrusion or failure of
application. The following vulnerability management program will be developed, adopted and
implemented at the merging organization.
SCOPE: The scope will encompasses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Any severity between 4 and 5 must be remediated immediately before addressing 1 and 3. The risk
concept shall be adopted that defined risk as the likelihood of a threat exploiting vulnerability. Risk
refers to the exposure to harm and loss.
RISK ANALYSIS ASSESSEMT METHODS: The methods that will be adopted are Qualitative,
Semi–Quantitative and Quantitative. The qualitative assessment uses a descriptive scale to define
consequence, probability and level of impact such as high, moderate and low. The Semi–quantitative
uses numerical rating/scale for consequence, and probability in combination with a formula. A full
quantitative analysis may not be realistic due to insufficient data or information about a system.
Quantitative analysis is using measurable, objective data/information to determine asset value,
probability of loss and risks associated worth the asset.
CLASIFY THE RISKS: The vulnerabilities will be prioritized by ranking from most serious to least
serious. The ranking dictates what is to be fix first. The risks will be categories as: Critical,
Moderate and Low with the corresponding rate of remediation.
PATCH

The Internet Of Things ( Iot )
Executive Summary Technology is quickly changing the way we interact with the world around us.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the ability of physical objects to connect to the
Internet and to send and receive data. Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT concept is
difficult to define precisely. IoT can be define as the network of physical objects are embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables these items to gather and
exchange data. Another definition for IoT is interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to
transfer data over a network without requiring human–to–human or human–to–computer interaction
in order to complete a system. In the Internet of Things, one things can be insulin pump that has the
ability to send a record of person glucose levels. It also can be other natural or manmade item that
can be assigned an IP address and has the ability to exchange data over a network or the Internet.
Many of IoT practical technology applications can be found in industries such as precision
agriculture, building management, healthcare, energy and transportation. Some examples of IoT are
wearables, a smart home, medication dispensing service, embedded data collector, and a smart waste
and recycling system In this report, I will focus on IoT devices that are sold to or used by
consumers. Some of these devices

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