Floods are natural disasters that occur when there is too much rainwater or overflow from river banks. There are different types of floods such as riverine floods caused by heavy rain, coastal floods caused by tidal storms, and catastrophic floods caused by hurricanes. Floods can cause physical damage, casualties, contaminated water supplies, and damage to crops. However, floods also make soil more fertile by providing nutrients. To mitigate floods, coastal defenses like sea walls and barriers have been constructed. Major flood-prone areas include China, Vietnam, Romania, Netherlands, and Bangladesh. Bangladesh frequently experiences monsoon floods from four major rivers that have killed hundreds and affected millions of people.