IGNOU MSCCFT and PGDCFT Exam Question Pattern: MCFT003 Counselling and Family...
English Basics Chapters 15-22 Revision
1.
2. A preposition is a word that is placed before a noun or pronoun to show
its relation to other words in the sentence.
Example: The boat sailed under the bridge. (‘under’ is the preposition)
3. Advertisers often appeal to an audience’s emotions to sell their products.
A successful advertisement will usually create a particular desire in the
potential buyer.
Examples of desires that advertising
can create and exploit include:
• Saving money
• Being healthy
• Protecting the environment
• Achieve status
• Look after a pet
• Be fashionable
• Stick to tradition
• Enjoying oneself.
4. An IMPERATIVE is an order or
command – it is telling you to do
something. Advertisements like
to tell us what to do (what to
buy, eat, sip, where to go, etc.)
5. Remember: an
adjective is a
word that
describes a noun.
6. Page 109
1. The mountain climber’s DESCENT of the GLACIER was hazardous.
2. The speedboat PASSED over the tow-rope as it spend PAST.
3. The EMINENT scientist was the SOLE survivor of the explosion.
4. The SIGHT of the snow falling touch the poet’s SOUL.
5. Once again the NOTORIOUS con man had been able to ELUDE
the police.
6. The farmer made considerable PROFIT from his PEAR orchard.
7. A synonym is a word that is similar in meaning to another word.
Examples: • Conceal – Hide • Fatigue – Weariness
• Purchase – Buy • Stop – Halt
8. An antonym is a word that is opposite in meaning to another word.
Examples: • Asleep – Awake • Export – Import
• Hero – Coward • Feminine – Masculine
Sometimes a prefix (such as un-, in-, dis-, ir-, or il-) can be placed in front
of a word in order to turn it into a new word with the opposite meaning
(an antonym).
9. Word choices between words with similar meanings can reveal how a
writer or speaker feels about a certain subject (such as whether they like or
dislike it), depending on the ideas associated with the words they select.
A euphemism is a language device where a ‘pleasant’ word is used to
replace a word that seems unpleasant or harsh. It can be used to make
something bad sound good.
Example: the word ‘restroom’ may be
used instead of ‘public toilet’ because
it sounds nicer.
10. Ambiguity is when a word or sentence has more than one possible
meaning, and we are therefore unsure of what it is meant to mean. This
may be deliberate (e.g. for humour or mystery), but should normally be
avoided.
Example: “I watched the car enter the driveway through the window”
should be “Through the window, I watched the car enter the driveway”.
Verbosity is the use of an unnecessary number of words. Verbosity makes
sentences very long, and can make their meaning more difficult to
determine.
Circumlocution is where someone talks around the point – they don’t say
what they mean directly.
Example: “I have the need for the services of a general practitioner” should
be “I need a doctor”.
