1. “The state of Monarchy is the supremest thing
upon earth...”
“God Hath the power to create or destroy”
God is able to judge all and to be judged by
none...”
“Make them beggars or rich at his pleasure...”
“The King is due both the affection of the soul
and the service of the body of his subjects”
2. “The state of Monarchy is the supremest thing
upon earth...”
“God Hath the power to create or destroy”
God is able to judge all and to be judged by
none...”
“Make them beggars or rich at his pleasure...”
“The King is due both the affection of the soul
and the service of the body of his subjects”
What appears to be James’ view of the
king, God, and power?
3. Now concerning the ancient rights of the subjects of this realm,
chiefly consisting in the privileges of this House of Parliament,
the misinformation openly delivered to your majesty hath been in
three things:
First, that we held not privileges of right, but of [your] grace only,
renewed every parliament by way of donation upon petition, and so
to be limited.
Secondly, that we are no Court of Record, nor yet a Court that can
command view of records, but that our proceedings here are only to
acts and memorials, and that the attendance with the records is
courtesy, not duty.
Thirdly, and lastly, that the examination of the return of writs for
knights and burgesses is without our compass and due only to the
Chancery.
4. “first, that our privileges and liberties are our right and due
inheritance, no less than our very lands and goods.” limited”
“...they cannot be withheld from us, denied, or impaired, but with
apparent wrong to the whole state of the realm.”
“we, the knights, citizens, and burgesses of the House of Commons
assembled in parliament, and in the name of the whole commons of
the realm of England, with uniform consent for ourselves and our
posterity, do expressly protest, as being derogatory in the highest
degree to the true dignity, liberty, and authority of your Majesty's
High Court of Parliament, and consequently to the rights of all your
Majesty's said subjects and the whole body of this our kingdom: And
desire that this our protestation may be recorded to all posterity.
6. Timeline of the English Civil War
7 4
Queen Elizabeth dies. James I becomes king. Charles I introduces new taxes including Ship Money, as he needs
cash
9
THE GUNPOWER PLOT
A plot to blow up Parliament and the king 12
Scotland is angry with Charles about religion and decides to invade
England.
10
Charles I becomes king.
11
Charles I needs to call Parliament back. Again, he needs the cash.
3
Charles I marries a Catholic- Henrietta Maria from France.
1
The GRAND REMONSTRANCE- Parliament complains to
Charles about the things he has done.
2
Charles is still quarreling with Parliament after his first few years as
king. 6
Charles I goes to Parliament to arrest 5 leading members.
8
Charles I begins to rule without Parliament 5
Charles I heads north to raise an army. Civil war begins.
8. Causes of the English Civil War
• What two sides fought in the English Civil
War? Who/what did they represent?
9. Causes of the English Civil War
• What two sides fought in the English Civil
War? Who/what did they represent?
• On what fundamental questions did the
crown and Parliament disagree?
10. Causes of the English Civil War
• What two sides fought in the English Civil
War? Who/what did they represent?
• On what fundamental questions did the
crown and Parliament disagree?
• From where do Parliament and the King
derive their powers?
11. Causes of the English Civil War
• What two sides fought in the English Civil
War? Who/what did they represent?
• On what fundamental questions did the
crown and Parliament disagree?
• From where do Parliament and the King
derive their powers?
• Is the King subject to or above the law?
12. Causes of the English Civil War
Multiple Kingdoms
Financial Problems
Religious Division
17. Historical Context...
The year is 1629, and Charles I continues to
quarrel with Parliament over money and their
respective powers. Parliament has just passed the
Petition of Right, first put forward by Sir Thomas
Wentworth who has recently been arrested and
imprisoned for not paying a forced loan to the
king. Angered by the Petition of Right and
Parliament's insistence that his collection of Ship
Money and other customs duties is a violation of
the Petition, Charles orders Parliament's
dissolution and decides to lead without the body.
People must decide whether they are for King or
Country...
18. Background: Merchant
Your name is James Goodsell. You are a successful
middle class merchant and live in a comfortable
home in town. You are in the textile business and
your job is to put out yarn to the cottage industries
(weavers) in the countryside (individual households
that own the means of production) where they
weave fabric, then you pay the weavers and sell the
woven fabric abroad for a profit. You do not care
much about religion, but your wife and two sons are
all devoted Puritans.
19. Background: Noble
Your name is James Uppingham. By birthright you
are a knighted lord, a member of the nobility. You
are very rich and own a great deal of land, and live
in both the town and country. Moreover, you are a
member of Parliament. You are a devout, traditional
Catholic and you believe that England should have
a strong, powerful king and that subjects owe him
their allegiance.
20. Background: Gentry
Your name is John Blenheim. You are a member of
the Gentry and live in the countryside. You own
land and are responsible for looking after the
villages in your area. You are proud of your status.
Though not of noble birth, through hard work and
diligence your family has attained a very high social
status just below the hereditary Nobles. Your work
ethic reflects strict Puritan discipline, and belief that
the King is ordained by God and enforces God's
morality on earth.
21. A Cavalier
• Believes in the Divine Right of Kings
• Agrees that Charles has the right to take taxes
such as ship money and grant monopolies when
desired
• Supports the bishops and agrees with
Archbishop Laud’s reforms of the Church of
England
• Thinks that people ought to obey the king and
that it is wrong to go to war against him.
22. A Roundhead
• Believes that Parliament should make the laws and govern
the nation
• Believes in the principle of no taxation without
Parliament’s consent
• Hates the bishops and wants Puritan reforms to make the
Church of England more Protestant
• Has no personal loyalty to the king, and believes that
there is no need to obey the king if he is wrong.
23. Supporter No.1
• I am a farmer. I believe in the Divine Right of
Kings, but my son is a soldier fighting on
Parliament’s side.
24. Supporter No. 2
• I am a Catholic nobleman. I believe England
should have a strong, powerful king.
25. Supporter No. 3
• I am a merchant. I don’t really care that much
about religion, but my wife is a devoted Puritan.
26. Supporter No. 4
• I am a Puritan nobleman. I believe that the
King is sent by God and must be obeyed.
27. Supporter No. 5
• I am a Puritan and recently was arrested for not
paying Ship Money.
