Causes and Motivations of Terrorism

Cause Of Terrorism
Terrorism has become a much more relevant occurrence in the 21st century. Although there is no
one exact cause of these radical actions, it is certain that it revolves around the human brain in a
psychological manner. It must be stopped, or at least slowed down, because it is occurring more
often than it has ever been on the history of this Earth. Incidents related to terrorism haven't only
increased in number but also in size in these last two decades. The incidents have gotten worse and
worse to the point where people are becoming more paranoid, there is no telling when a terrorist
might strike next. There are several different types of terrorists but they all have a common goal, to
wreak havoc among those who they do not agree with. The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Those atrocities that terrorists cause in western societies aren't just coincidences, they happen there
because western societies are the primary target for those with radical beliefs. The main reason for
the so called Islamic terrorists to hate western culture is largely due to the threats on Islamic Identity
brought up by many different cultures including our own. So they would not hate western culture as
much as they do if other countries would have left them alone from the beginning. They indeed have
a reason or in many cases several reasons including having a lack of democracy, oppression by the
government, occupance by western militaries, and many others, so it's no surprise why they have so
much hatred in their hearts. It is impossible for a baby to come out of the womb with terrorist ideals
embedded in them. One must first be exposed to the idea of radicalism and terrorism before they can
act on its behalf, and in a radical society that is exactly what happens, they brainwash the kids to
hate western society and firmly believe in their radical ideals. "39% of ISIS deaths from suicide
bombings are children"(Boghani). Even though most kids do not have radical beliefs by their own
will, the fact is that they now carry those beliefs and hatred of Western Society around and could act
upon those ideals at any given moment. If all of those people with
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Analysis of Terrorism Cases
ANALYSIS OF TERRORISM CASES
Introduction
Terrorism manifests itself in many forms. Ideological terrorism, national terrorism and religious
terrorism are some forms of terrorism that became common after the Second World War. Several
theories and hypotheses have been put forward to explain the causes of terrorism. Among these the
negative identity hypothesis explains how frustration with social norms and roles combined with
restricted channels of expression can lead people to group together to engage in terrorist activities to
assert themselves. This essay discusses the Baader–Meinhof activities, the LTTE terrorist activities
and the state–sponsored terrorist activities of Iran in the light of the negative identity hypothesis.
Identification and Description of Facts
The Baader–Meinhof group was a radical German middle–class uprising against the establishment
of post World War II Germany. The terrorist activities of this particular group lasted until the mid–
1970s after which the movement morphed into the Red Army Faction that remained active until
1998. The Baader–Meinhof group was formed by Andreas Baader and Gundrun Esslin. Other active
members of the group included Horst Mahler and Ulrike Meinhof who was a well–known journalist
in Germany. The group engaged in "armed struggle" to protest against "imperialist" and "fascists"
Nazi remnants and ideologues such as the in the German power structure (Roberts & Hogwood
2003, p. 1971). The leader Baader was jailed in 1969 but

Terrorist Motivation
Motivation for Terrorist Acts All terrorism is meant to accomplish one thing. What has been
popularly called an act of terror is so–termed because the perpetrators hope that they can affect the
manner in which people perceive their safety and the government that is supposed to be protecting
them. With this goal in mind, every act that can be called terrorist in origin wants to have a
psychological component. The success or failure of the attempt can, in one way, be seen as effective
depending on the news coverage of that event and the way that electronic and print news outlets
view it. Recently, a terrorist plot in Indonesia was thwarted which could have done severe damage to
the property and lives of foreign nationals in the region. The plot, which was against a variety of
Western targets, was designed to create the maximum amount of chaos during a small period of
time. It will be argued in this paper that even though the plot was stopped by the Indonesian army
and police, it was a success in creating the desired psychological effect, and that other similarly
foiled plots have also been successful. Taking the second argument first, the Twin Towers in New
York were not bombed just one time. In the early 1990's they were subject to a relatively small
explosion (relative to what happened in 2001) with a larger plot doused by police. Unfortunately for
the terrorist group, their larger plan did not work, but it caused a panic among many people who
wondered if the US was

Al Nusra Front
Today Al Nusra Front has established themselves as one of the largest and most effective influential
power in Syria holding itself as a threat to anyone who opposes their ideologies. Successfully
gaining strategic land in the North, West and Southern regions of Syria they have gain multiple
attention being labeled as a foreign terrorist organization from the international community. Al–
Nusra has establish a strong presence in locations like Idlib and Aleppo as well as controlling the
Bab al–Hawa border crossing from Syria to Turkey. Allowing al–Nusra to control these major areas
creates a safe haven for al–Qaeda, al–Nusra and other group who practice this insurgency to come
and support the opposition. The result of this allows small arms insurgencies ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
After gaining operational experience and skills fighting in Syria, jihadist operatives may establish
terrorist infrastructures to carry out terrorist attacks in their countries of origin. For al–Nusra this
becomes a goal to spread the teachings of Islam to the rest of the world. They may do so on their
own initiative or following directions from the Al–Nusra Front and other jihadist organizations.
While the threat from the Nusra Front has been overshadowed by the atrocities committed by the
other extremist groups like ISIS and ISIL and the rapid gains made by that organization in both
Syria and Iraq, we ignore the growing strength of the lower–key al–Nusra Front to our own peril. To
combat this now known threat it needs not to be done in the traditional way of airstrikes and
kidnapping leaders but by establishing a political solution. To get to this level Syria may have to be
divided to give control to the Free Syrian Army (FSA) this however would require time as it is a
long process to establish. If The United States abandons Syria to become a failed state the violence
will soon have its spillover effect on the region and the entire world. Nusra has become a critical, if
not the most critical, component of the armed opposition and is interlinked and co–located with
rebels who have received U.S. and allied support. Further, Nusra continues to benefit indirectly from
U.S. support for other rebel groups. Consequently as long as al–Nusra stands to oppose a diplomatic
solution and remands a current threat to freedom it stands then as a threat to the United States and its
allies. This treat influences potential attackers to come to the US and perform a Jihadist movement.
The question however for the United States is how do we strategically justify a war on al–Nusra
Front's campaign and still take down the al–Assad

Irregular Warfare Essay
Irregular warfare has become the centre of much military and academic study in recent years, due
mostly to the ongoing NATO operations in Afghanistan. However irregular warfare is by no means a
recent revelation in the evolution of warfare and strategy, numerous examples exist throughout
history in which irregular warfare tactics and strategy have been adopted and later analysed by
academics and military professionals. This author will focus on the key issues that governments face
in creating effective strategies for irregular warfare with a particular emphasis on counter–
insurgency (COIN) and terrorism. Resources such as time, space, legitimacy and support present
themselves as key issues in dealing with insurgency and terrorism and are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Conventional warfare that is prolonged and resource intensive is not sustainable and eventually
leads to descent into attrition type warfare. Irregular warfare operations, be it COIN or counter–
terrorism, from the Western perspective consume time and resources. This consumption is
predominantly fuelled by the asymmetry of Western and insurgent forces which results in
significantly different tactics being used by the two forces. Western powers, in almost all cases, tend
to have superior technology and a larger number of forces and rely heavily on these factors during
conflicts, however this perceived imbalance of power is not necessarily advantageous for the
Western power. Andrew Mack discusses this idea that military superiority does not always result in
victory when facing an unconventional enemy, Mack states " In such asymmetric conflicts,
insurgents may gain political victory from a situation of military stalemate or even defeat." Here
Mack surfaces the idea of 'political capital' and argues that insurgents' ability to win wars stems from
"...the progressive attrition of their opponents' political capability to wage war." This concept is
solidified if we observe the planned withdrawal from Afghanistan, after having a Western military
presence in the nation for over ten years, public support has declined and it is no longer politically
viable to continue operations in that theatre. Insurgents continue to function in this state and the
threat of

Radicalization Leads To Home-Grown Terrorism
Radicalization by definition is not political, religious, or ideological group. However, the term
radicalization in its current form is most often used to describe a phenomenon that leads to home–
grown terrorism. Al–Qaeda is one of the known groups that is responsible for homegrown attacks in
the United States. Another group known today is called ISIS, and have the same interests of
recruiting young individuals for possible attacks on our own soil. These individuals share certain
commonalities, such as hobbies, religion, and specific ideologies. Terrorist organizations provide a
specific ideology that caters to a very specific type of individual. Young individuals are targeted by
terrorist recruiters in order to manipulate them at a young age

State Sponsored Terrorism Analysis
Terrorism is the systematic use of violence by a group of people in order to intimidate a population
or coerce a government into granting its demands. There are different types of terrorism like, State,
Foreign, and Domestic. State terrorism is the systematic use of terror by a government in order to
control its population. Additionally, there is religious terrorism which is terrorism that is motivated
by religious ideologies. Foreign terrorism is committed outside the US, while Domestic is
committed inside the US. The Palestinian Liberation Organization is the first terrorist organization
in the middle east (PLO). The organization was led by Yassir Arafat until his death in 2004. Created
in 1964, the main goal of the organization was the "liberation of Palestine." Additionally, the
Palestinian fight against Israel has been coordinated by the PLO. Israel has permitted the
organization a limited form of government in much of the West Bank and Gaza, called the
Palestinian Authority. Most Palestinians are not satisfied with either the territory or the power
granted to them by Israel. They want to continue fighting for control of the entire territory between
the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. Al–Qaeda is a terrorist organization that is responsible
for most of the anti–US terrorism during the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are three levels of State Sponsored Terrorism which are the following: providing sanctuary for
terrorists wanted by other countries, supplying weapons, money and intelligence to terrorists, and
planning attacks using terrorists. Some countries that give state support for terrorism are
Afghanistan, Iraq, and Iran. Afghanistan provided sanctuary for al–Qaeda leaders, including Osama
bin Laden. Iraq had biological and chemical weapons that could have gone to al–Qaeda due to their
close links. Iran was accused of harboring al–Qaeda members and developing nuclear

What Is Separatist Terrorism?
In general, the concept of terrorism refers to the use of violence to intimidate or coerce a population
in order for an individual and/or group to achieve a certain goal. The concept of separatist terrorism,
on the other hand, refers to the excessive use of violence to achieve separation from an existing
establishment. Overall, separatists seek national aims such as securing self–determination or home
rule for a certain faction or geographic community. Although, separatists tend to be more violent
than other terrorists, they have attainable goals that often appear to offer the opportunity of a
negotiated political settlement. In 2007, Director Peter Neuman once argued that the violence
performed by separatist groups could have been settled

Essay on The Jewish Partisans of The Holocaust
Resistance during the Holocaust, both Jewish and non–Jewish, is a daunting task to cover.
Information abounds in relation to this which leads to the problem of putting all of it into one paper.
Due to this, I will only cover the specifically Jewish Partisan fighters. The movements are divided
into two groups of Eastern and Western Fighters. Partisans fought in almost every European country
including but not limited to Belgium, Poland, Russia, France, Italy, Greece, and Lithuania. "A
partisan is a member of an organized body of fighters who attack or harass an enemy, especially
within occupied territory; a guerrilla." The Jewish partisans were mostly teenagers, both male and
female, of which ten percent were women, but also included all ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They helped distribute anti–Nazi propaganda and produced fake documents, fought in major battles
against the Germans, and smuggled people, arms, money, and food in and out of camps, ghettos, and
German occupied territories. Their main objective though was to harass the Nazis in hit–and–run
maneuvers. They did this by blowing up trains, assassinating major Nazi officials, and hitting Nazi
convoys. They also helped start major uprisings such as the Warsaw Ghetto uprising and the Sobibor
revolt. Partisan casualties were usually low in number due to the method of fighting used. They
were also successful due in part to the fact that they knew the lay of the land, where German soldiers
did not. A basic timeline of Partisan activities follows something close to the following. The first
known Jewish resistance was in Belgium in 1939 with the Jewish Solidarity. These Jews joined the
Belgium Army of Partisans in 1940 when Germany first started occupying Belgium. The resistance
movement grew even larger when French and Greek Jews joined resistance movements in 1940 and
'41, respectively. The Eastern partisan groups sprang up beginning in June of '41 after the Germans
invaded the Soviet Union. The partisans continued to fight right up to the end of the war in '45. As I
mentioned at the beginning, Jewish partisans are placed into two categories: Eastern and Western.
There was no major resistance in Germany, due to the fact that everything was highly scrutinized by
Hitler's

Psychological And Psychological Factors Of Terrorism
The ever evolving subject of terrorism and terrorists is the subject of significant study worldwide.
The psychological and behavioral factors involved in terrorism are one of the most studied issues. It
has implications across the board for both the detection and deterrence of terrorism. How terrorists
communicate and the influence that it plays in growing terroristic ideology, mission, and goals are
also of significant importance, as well.
There are many things can be seen in the psychology of terrorism. Unfortunately there is not good
science on psychological factors of terrorism; there are theories and educated opinions (DeAngelis,
2009). The one overarching factor is the fear with which terrorism is based. By definition, terrorism
is acts that cause terror by one group on to another, usually for political goals ("Terrorism", n.d.).
Why people suffer from these fears is related to their psychological behavior. Terrorist activity can
be described as "fostering a sense of helplessness and hopelessness, in demonstrating the
incompetence of the authorities, destroying a sense of security and safety, and in provoking
inappropriate reactions from individuals and authorities." (Alexander & Klein, 2005). Terrorists
themselves are affected by psychological behavior; their own and that of others around them. They
may even be affected by the behavior of victims and potential victims. Osama Bin Laden has even
been known to admit that in the terrorist organization Al–Qaeda, his

Ethno terrorist groups
How is 'ethno–nationalist' terrorism distinguished from other forms of terrorism? Does an ethno–
nationalist terrorist threat require a different response to other forms? Answer these questions with
appeal to a) theories and concepts of terrorism, and b) a case study of one terrorist group that has
'ethno–nationalist' characteristics.
A main misconception of terrorism especially in today's society is that, society views terrorism as
faith– based acts of violence, when it may not be the case. Terrorism is an illegitimate mean to
achieve a cause; it is a willful defense of an ideology or a political group. These acts by sub state
actors who violently target non–combatants to communicate a political a message. Terrorist are
neither crazy nor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What had followed was a series of acts on the Western World, which changed the shacked the world.
It changed the world's perception and its political behavior regarding the issue of terrorism and
national security, and this is when 'The War on Terror' was establish in 2000 due to the following
attacks; In 1998 United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania being bombed, in 2000 the Suicide
strike against the USS Cole in Yemen, September 11, 2001 attacks on United States World Trade
Center and Pentagon, The 2002 the Bali Bombings, The Madrid bombing in 2004, in 2005 the
London transport bombing and the list goes on.
Ayman Al–Zawahri is the ideological brains behind the war launched against America (Riedel,2008)
the logic behind Al–Qaeda's attacks on the United States on the September 11, 2001 bombings was
to destroy the United States financial operations, being the Twin Tower in New York, and military
headquarters, the Pentagon located in Washington, DC.
After the September 11 attacks, Al–Qaeda to take control and influence the Middle East, an
opportunity which arose was the in Iraq that was a chance for Al– Qaeda to attempt to make the
Middle East more like Afghanistan. Interesting enough that notion was rejected by the Iraqi
community and oppositions. This was interesting point raised, the reason being that there is an
assumption by the

The Effects Of The 9 / 11 Attack And The Boston Marathon...
Terrorism is often used in asymmetric power struggles. In this source it said terrorism is, "When a
weaker person, or group, is fighting against a powerful nation–state." Terrorist groups have begun
using the internet and media to spread fear. Also, to impact public opinion with their political or
social message. Terrorism has been around for a very long time. Resources of the United States and
other countries have been directed toward ending terrorism in American and around the world. Two
major attacks that most individuals will remember is the 9/11 attack and the Boston Marathon
Bombing.
The 9/11 terrorist attack is one that everyone will remember. Since that the subject of terrorism has
exploded on the world stage. An Islamic group ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though she was hurt bad, her sister who was also attending the marathon was hurt worse. Erika
left leg was amputated below the knee, she had a compound fracture in her right leg, a broken right
ankle, and broken bones in her right foot. It is crazy how these victims are from the area I grew up.
Another terrorist attack that was recently was the Manhattan attack. On October 31,2017 a 29–year–
old male named Sayfullo Habibullaevic Saipov rented a pick–up truck and drove down a bicycle
path near the World Trade Center. He killed 8 people and injured 11 others. This attack was named
the deadliest attack since 9/11 back in 2001. The authority found a note near the truck saying the
attack was made for ISIS. He was from Uzbekistan in Central Asia but had been living in the US
since 2010. Could you imagine just riding your bicycle on a path or even walking it and the next
thing you see is a truck running people over. I know I could not imagine it even thinking about it is a
scary thought.
There are many ways to reduce terrorism attacks. One of the ways is to stop arming terrorist. If
someone cannot prove that they are not a terrorist, then do not allow then to obtain a firearm.
Another way we can reduce terrorism in the United States is to not allow them in the States. If they
can prove that they are not a terrorist or prove that do not obtain a threat, then that is

Profile Of A Terrorist Analysis
UNDERSTANDING TERRORISM In the article "Profile of a Terrorist" by Cindy Combs, the
author maps out and discusses the different causes of terrorism committed by people. Understanding
and determining what drives people to terrorism is no easy task. Why do people choose to commit
acts of terrorism? Why do people choose to become rebellious and wreak havoc on so many
innocent civilians? Combs discusses the different types of terrorists as suggested by Frederick
Hacker who was a Vienna–born psychiatrist and psychoanalyst and expert on aggression and
terrorism. Hacker breaks down the different types of terrorist in three different categories, of those
including crazies, criminals, and crusaders. Hacker offers loose descriptions ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Acts of terrorism such as hostage taking, hi jacking, bombing, and mass killings could leave
countless survivors and witnesses scarred for life. According to the article "THE TERRORISM
AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS" by Irina Ioana, "several studies on the psychological
effects of attacks in Europe or in the context of the Israeli and Palestinian conflict have shown a
sometimes high rate of depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among
victims" (Irina 220). Iona displays a column table in her article that indicates: 39% of the individuals
involved on site when terrorists attack happens suffers from and anxiety, and 18% suffer Post
Traumatic stress disorder. Not only does the after effects of terrorism cause people to suffer from
psychological stress but certain attacks for example; a bombing can cause many people to lose
employment due to the businesses destroyed within the range of the terrorist attacks causing
civilians to lose their financial stability, which can also have a negative effect on the city's

US Military Preparte Both Conventional And Irregular Warfare?
To paraphrase the quote attributed to Trotsky, "We may not be interested in insurgency but
insurgency is interested in us." The United States faces this dilemma. The question remains how to
prepare for this amidst competing interests and threats. The U.S. military should prepare for both
conventional and irregular warfare, while prioritizing conventional warfare, recognizing irregular
warfare as the most significant short term threat to national interests and conventional warfare the
most threatening in the long term. This paper will compare and contrast the considerations for these
types of warfare, explain why the U.S. should prioritize conventional operations while preparing for
both, and describe the short and long term ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Given the context of current strategic guidance, it is important to ask if the U.S. can be prepared to
conduct both conventional and irregular warfare successfully. The answer is yes. However,
preparation for conventional operations should always be the priority. Preparation for irregular
warfare should not come at the expense of conventional warfare preparation. This is necessary
because of the reasons discussed below: the strategic limitations of irregular warfare, the enduring
nature of conventional war, resource constraints, and prioritization of operations and training.
Irregular Warfare is not a strategy. It is better defined as a military capability. Thomas Hammes
articulates this point, "This conflation of counterinsurgency techniques and strategy by participants
in the discussion is not helpful. The very phrase 'counterinsurgency strategy' confuses a method or
way of fighting with a complete strategy." Thus, while the U.S. military can be prepared for
operations and capabilities dealing with irregular warfare, it should not overtake the primary
strategic objectives and purpose of the military – conventional operations. Hammes further states,
"The extraordinary cost and low payoff or outright defeat the United States has experienced when
conducting direct, population–centric counterinsurgency

Insurgency
Insurgency
Jump to: navigation, search
"Insurgent" and "insurgence" redirect here. For other uses, see Insurgent (disambiguation).
An insurgency is an armed rebellion against a constituted authority (for example, an authority
recognized as such by the United Nations) when those taking part in the rebellion are not recognized
as belligerents.[1] An insurgency can be fought via counter–insurgency warfare, and may also be
opposed by measures to protect the population, and by political and economic actions of various
kinds aimed at undermining the insurgents ' claims against the incumbent regime.[2] The nature of
insurgencies is an ambiguous concept.
Not all rebellions are insurgencies. There have been many cases of non–violent ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first is that international law traditionally does not encroach on matters that are solely the
internal affairs of a sovereign state (although recent developments such as the responsibility to
protect is starting to undermine this traditional approach). The second is because at the Hague
Conference of 1899 there was disagreement between the Great Powers who considered francs–
tireurs to be unlawful combatants subject to execution on capture and smaller states who maintained
that they should be considered lawful combatants. The dispute resulted in a compromise wording
being included in the Hague Conventions known as the Martens Clause after the diplomat who
drafted the clause.[11]
The Third Geneva Convention, as well as the other Geneva Conventions, are oriented to conflict
involving nation–states, and only loosely address irregular forces:
Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of organized
resistance movements, belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside their own
territory, even if this territory is occupied, provided that such militias or volunteer corps, including
such organized resistance movements...[12]
The United States

The Pros And Cons Of Guerilla Warfare
Insurgency must not be jumbled up with terrorism as they overlap somehow but are totally different
entities. These two such concepts probably lead to more confusion than any other thing. Guerilla
warfare and insurgencies are often inferred to be similar with terrorism. One rationale for this is that
insurgencies has similar targets as that of terrorism. However, if we examine specific differences, a
prime difference is that an insurgency is a movement against the authorities with specific aim. Its
motive is to challenge the government regarding control of certain parts of its territory and for that
they require some support of the population, on the contrary, a terror group does not require active
support of the population. It just works for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a creative force, not an antagonistic one in some scenarios. If their approach is to improve the
spaces that belong to all of us, then that is the positive aspect of such movements. Taking a very
small example like installing temporary seating at bus stops, for people who are fed up of waiting
for bus, after their jobs and stay standing. When the authorities take no step to accommodate them,
that's when the guerillas come in. I won't naively support such acts as profound, or say that they
have the strength to solve the deep–rooted problems in our cities, but the spirit of the guerilla
urbanists to fix small issues in appreciable ways should be appreciated. These are the acts that lay
the foundation of a reformatory movement, for the betterment of locales. They change the direction
of our vision towards the city. Guerrilla urbanists are not given the reform projects by the
government like turning roads into sidewalks and setting up shop in vacant buildings, which is
illegal in most cities. Gradually though, some governments have approved these projects after
witnessing the positive public reception they gain. Others have gone further and initiated such
projects themselves, one of the most famous examples is pedestrianizing Times Square in New York

Threats To First Responders Essay
Terrorism is the use of force or violence against persons or property in violation of the criminal laws
of the United States for purposes of intimidation, coercion, or ransom. (CT2Learn, 2017. Pg 148)
Terrorism can take many forms such as biological/chemical attacks, bombings, kidnappings,
hijackings, cyber terrorism, agricultural terrorism, and WMDs. Each attack creating different
potential risks to first responders such as chemical and biological hazards as well as other secondary
threats like secondary weapons/explosives, infrastructure instability, and fires. It is with local and
federal preparation through strategic planning, evaluation of previous incidents, and training of first
responders that the risks associated with a terrorist attack ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Each hazard posing a unique threat to first responders. Biological hazards specifically pose a unique
threat to first responders involved in pre–hospital care, such as EMTs, First Responders, and
Paramedics. Due to the unpredictable nature of biological agents, illness may not present themselves
for hours, days, and even weeks later. (Interim Planning Guide, 2002. Pg 11) With the
unpredictability of such an event, first responders should consider the possibility of terrorist event
and plan accordingly, taking proper precautions, and safety measures with all responses.
With preparation at the local and federal level things such as precautions and safety measure
implemented in strategic planning, training, and response; first responders can minimize the risks
associated with a terrorist attack. Terrorism can take many forms creating a variety of potential risks
to first responders. With this in mind, responding agencies and other factions of the government
must evaluate their vulnerabilities, their capabilities, and the preventative measures that they have in

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
The Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the institution that sets standards on struggle against
terrorist financing. It has 40 recommendations for money laundering, combating terrorist financing
and proliferation. After the 9/11 attacks, the special recommendations that have been developed in
the struggle against terrorist financing which have not been examined before in academic studies
related to terrorism. Study try to evaluate the steps to establish and implement these standards of
FATF. The fact that Terrorist Financing and FATF issue has already been very limited in academic
studies and that the FATF special standards for combating terrorist financing have not been included
in the academic studies. It makes difficult to find resources in this issue and have made it necessary
to carry out the resource study in different languages.
The history of combating terrorist financing of international organizations will be narrated with
reference to their reports. FATF, one of these international organizations, and its nine special
recommendations brings out to combat terrorist financing will be examined in detail. These ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
legal and illegal sources of terrorist financing will be explained in detail. The financing of terrorism
concept will be explained.
In the third part of the study, the scope of international co–operation studies will be investigated
during the struggle against terrorist financing. Struggle Against Terrorist financing include
international organizations such as the International Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the United
Nations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the European Council, the European
Union, the G–20, the Egmont Group, the Wolfsberg Group and the Basel Committee on Banking
Regulations. Organizations' studies will be

The Rise Of Asymmetric Warfare
Question: Analyze the rise of asymmetric warfare. Provide illustrations and assess how it has
reshaped behaviors and outcomes.
The "asymmetry" in asymmetric warfare is an inherently relational concept. It refers to an irregular
conflict that is distinct by the relative dissimilarity between opponents' in battle. The asymmetry is
derived from the character of warfare and dictated by the difference in relational power amid
warring sides. This asymmetry has tended to be in terms of status and organization; means and
resources, goals and objectives; and strategies and tactics. The relationship between the belligerents
in almost all conflicts has varied in many tactical, strategic and operational levels.
A popular perception of today claims that there has been a relatively recent rise in asymmetric
warfare, or conventional irregular warfare that has transformed war from a customary and
symmetric exercise into an irregular, avant–garde, asymmetric experience. This perception is
inherently at the foundation of the question in which this essay attempts to respond. In contrast with
this perspective, the main argument of this essay is that asymmetric warfare, although definitely a
characteristic of the times is not a new genus of warfare that has "risen" in the twentieth century as a
distinct revolution in military affairs. Furthermore, asymmetric warfare cannot be used as a
description to describe deviation from Western norms – in this case conflict. Rather, asymmetric
warfare

The Nature Of Warfare By Martin E. Dempsey
Introduction
The nature of warfare is ever evolving. Due to various factors such as globalization and
technological advances, twenty–first century warfare is different from previous conflicts. The
United States participated in two large, protracted conflicts since the start of the century – Operation
Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. These wars demonstrated the hybrid nature of
warfare where the United States faced both conventional and then irregular forces. Today another
type of threat is emerging in the cyber domain. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Martin E.
Dempsey, stressed the changing nature of warfare in the forward of the 2015 National Military
Strategy, explaining that the United States faced not only ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Policy and Balancing of People, Military, and Government
Clausewitz's theories demonstrate how politics, military, and people interact in current warfare. A
recent example is no less current than Operation Iraqi Freedom. Clausewitz clearly asserts that
policymakers should not think about starting a war "without first being clear in his mind what he
intends to achieve by that war and how he intends to conduct it." For Operation Iraqi Freedom, this
was the first divergence from Clausewitzian principles the policymakers missed. Instead of going
into the war with clear objectives and a clear exit strategy, the United States found itself in a
situation after the invasion and capitulation of the Hussein regime, trying to stabilize Iraq while
fighting an insurgency. Another key point in Clausewitzian theory is the political aims of the
government need to balance with the passions in the people and the character of the military. He
defines the paradoxical trinity as violence, hatred, and enmity. The first concerns the people, the
second relates to the military, and the third pertains to the government. These three must balance in
order for a nation to effectively wage war. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, the military effort was
inadequate to support the objective of stabilizing Iraq. When members of congress asked Chief of
Staff, General Shinseki, how many soldiers would the United States need to

Naco Culture Of Fear Essay
When reporting on terrorism, the media function as a double–edged sword. They assure terrorists
that their grievances will receive public attention; yet they also can mobilize public opinion against
the arbitrary use of violence by stripping terrorism of its "romantic veneer" and exposing its violent
underpinnings to public scrutiny.20 ' The proposed general industry guidelines should minimize the
harms from publicizing terrorist events while maximizing the speech interests vital to a democratic
society (Moffitt, 1998). In previous decades, the journalistic mission was to report the news as it
actually happened, with fairness, balance, and integrity; Profit gaining motives associated with
journalism have forced much of today's television news to look to the spectacular, the stirring, and
the controversial as news stories. It's no longer a race to break the story first or get the facts right.
Instead, it's to acquire good ratings in order to get advertisers, so that profits soar. The goals of
terrorists are not solely confined to winning the attention of the masses. In addition to that, through
the media, they aim to publicize their political causes, inform both friends and foes about the
motives for terrorist deeds, and explain their rationale for resorting to violence ... Show more
What exactly is the culture of fear and how does it affect the way that the public reacts to acts of
terrorism? One fundamental characteristic within a culture of fear is narrow–mindedness. The media
has contributed to this atmosphere of intolerance by over–reporting the September 11th attacks.
People cannot think clearly when they are afraid. As numerous studies have shown, fear is the
enemy of reason. It distorts emotions and perceptions, and often leads to poor decisions. For people
who have suffered trauma, fear messages can sometimes trigger uncontrollable flight–or–fight
responses with dangerous ramifications (Hazen,

The Security of the Unnited States
Any discussion relating to future conflict and the implications toward the security of the United
States must factor in the complexity of numerous multi–dimensional threats, that undermine global
stability. The definition of IW as stated in the Multi–Service Concept for Irregular Warfare follows,
"A form of warfare that has as its objective the credibility of and/or the legitimacy of the relevant
political authority with the goal of undermining or supporting that authority. Irregular warfare favors
indirect approaches, though it may employ the full range of military operations and other
capabilities to seek asymmetric advantages, in order to erode and adversary's power, influence and
will." This definition for irregular warfare (IW) suggests anything other than conventional warfare
in broad terms which perpetuates confusion in the relationship between counter–insurgency (COIN)
and IW. Some governmental agencies view COIN as an entirely separate entity and not a sub–
component of IW, or they view COIN and IW as the same. This confusion complicates efforts to
develop a comprehensive strategy to defeat irregular threats. To facilitate understanding of the
similarities and inherent differences between COIN and IW, military professionals must recognize
first and foremost that COIN occupies a component within IW and is not a separate type of warfare.
The definition of IW requires rewording to change the context relating to how the U.S. views and
employs IW in order to

Irish Republican Army Analysis
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) will remain a threat to the regional stability of Ireland and
England. Ireland's significance to the United States can be seen through Irish immigration, the role
of Irish Americans in politics, and their military contributions throughout the history of the country.
Additionally, the conflict in Ireland is of great concern to England. England is a key ally of the
United States with strong economic and military ties. According to the United States Census Bureau,
36.9 million Americans claimed Irish ancestry in 2009 (Bureau, 2011). This has the potential to have
the American public sympathize with the IRA which could lead to friction between both the United
States and Great Britain.
In the next one to five years

The Role Of Terrorism In Stephen J. Dubner's Super...
Terrorism is a word have been echoing all around the media for a while, putting a little bit of fear, or
in other words caution, in our hearts every time we hear it. United Nations General Assembly
defined it as, " Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public,
a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable,
whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any
other nature that may be invoked to justify them." And the definitions varies to identify an issue that
the world been trying to find a radical solution to, but terrorism seems to be more complicated than
the way we see it. "Super Freakonomics" is a book written by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J.
Dubner; they discuss how to apply economical approach to world–class issues in order to get a
better understanding of it, and terrorism is one of those issues. While the terrorists threat is
increasing upon our countries, governments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Toward the beginning of the book, the authors suggest that it is hard to determine the motivations of
terrorists "terrorists want to–well, it isn't always clear" (63). There is no motivation capable of
making someone blow themselves up; however, the people who commit these types of terrorist
attacks are usually brainwashed into believing their sacrifice is well rewarded in the afterlife. But we
can break stuff down for a bit, we can conclude a portion of the terrorists' motivations and
ideologies by identifying their targets; if the targets were normal people from society, it means the
motivation is to spread terror, and if for example the target was a political figure then the motivation
is political. Meanwhile, a terrorist attack can uncover a variety of incentives, but a real incentive
would still be

The Role Of Terrorism In The United States
The Merriam–Webster dictionary defines terrorism as, "the use of violent acts to frighten the people
in an area as a way of trying to achieve a political goal" (Terrorism, n.d.). The various definitions of
terrorism are typically close in comparison but can carry a slightly different tone when used by a
government for purposes of the law.
The U.S. State Department is guided by the definition of terrorism contained in Title 22 of the US
Code, Section 2656f(d), which states that terrorism is a "premeditated, politically motivated
violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents,
usually intended to influence an audience" (Maniscalco, Christen, 2011).
Furthermore, the term "terrorism" is defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigations in the code of
Federal Regulations as "the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to
intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of
political or social segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives" (Maniscalco,
Christen, 2011). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The State Department tends to cater to the political landscape of international affairs, while the FBI
definitions classify the word as a crime here in the United States.
Reference:
Terrorism. (n.d.). Merriam–Webster Dictionary Online. Retrieved September 10, 2017, from
https://www.merriam–webster.com/dictionary/terrorism
Maniscalco, Paul M., Christen, Hank T. (2011). Homeland Security: Principles and Practice of
Terrorism Response. Sudbury, MA: Jones and

Comparison Between Domestic Terrorism And Homegrown Terrorism
Terrorism, a word most people fear, but so often misinterpret. The textbook definition of terrorism is
"the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political
aims". But how does that compare to domestic terrorism? Domestic terrorism or "homegrown
terrorism" can be defined as "the committing of terrorist acts in the perpetrator's own country
against their fellow citizens". Throughout the years, America as a nation has experienced quite a few
occurrences of both types. An early example of homegrown terrorism would be the Haymarket
Affair which occurred May 4, 1886 where in Chicago's Haymarket Square, labor protesters
detonated a bomb during a rally. Chicago police then responded by firing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When you hear the words terrorism, what does you mind go to? Most people would say some sort of
extremist group because that is what the media puts into our heads but in reality most domestic
terrorist attacks are committed by what is known as a 'Lone Wolf" attacker. These are people who
prepare and commit violent acts alone. These cases are much harder to detect because of a multitude
of things. For instance laws have been established to protect civil liberties but in the process have
prevented investigators from tracking people engaged with hateful speech, unless there is a
suspected crime that person may be involved in. It is easier to track and detect international
terrorism because often there are many people involved in the attack and often those attacks are
committed by different terrorist groups, and the U.S government is constantly tracking and getting
new information on those different terrorist groups. Many counterterrorism efforts have been shaped
in response to foreign terrorism

Terrorism : The Approach To The Game Theory Of Terrorism
Since after 9/11, the notion of terrorism has become abundant in the literature. Scholars and
policymakers continue to seek optics to examine or scrutinize what can give rise to such a
''degraded'' act ignoble both in the national and global system. Viewed as a huge threat to the global
stability, terrorism has been hashed out in the foreign policy by many states in search for best
strategies to wipe it out in the face of earth.
Scholars such as Sandler and Arce M. have come up with the game of theory to (a) examine
terrorism, and (b) provide some policy insights. In their game theoretical analyses, three models
have presented to apply game theory to terrorism. These models include: (a) terrorists' choice of
targets for a three–player game involving two targeted nations and a common terrorist, (b) the
situation where terrorists are really aware of their strength, and the targeted government must guess
the terrorists' resources based on the level of their attacks, and (c) the situation involving
accommodation reached between terrorists and a host government. In laying out these three models,
the Sandler and Arce M. have questioned the effectiveness of the no–negotiation strategy, which
prevents a target government from negotiating or bargaining with any terrorist group. According to
them, one of the drawbacks of this policy is that terrorist group continues to take hostage. In the
light of this drawback, three suggestions have provided. These include: (a) there should be a

Civil War Warfare
Bloody Battles:
Throughout the Civil War, there were many different types of warfare. Amongst the common Union
and Confederate soldiers, many men fought on either side in different types of irregular military
forces. These forces, along with regular soldiers, contributed to the many styles of warfare. Three
prominent warfare styles during the Civil War were regularly trained soldiers, bushwhackers, and
guerrilla soldiers. The majority of battles were fought by official Union or Confederate soldiers.
These battles typically had some sort of organization and were not extremely violent. A large portion
of the remainder of the fighting was done by guerrilla soldiers or bushwhackers. The attacks carried
out by the guerrilla soldiers were more violent, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Guerrilla soldiers were a very prominent type, they are known for their disorganized and violent
attacks which resulted in many casualties and injuries. Along with being disorganized and violent,
theses attacks were also the cause of additional fear among the regular troops. The guerrilla soldiers
were well known for their surprise ambushes, but often there was time for the trained soldiers to be
warned of a possible ambush, as Jacob Haas often mentions in his journal entries. If carried out,
these ambushes could leave many men wounded, or even dead. The Union men were aware of the
deaths caused by the guerrillas, which is also seen in Haas' journal when he writes "On the 15th, two
guerillas were hanged... they boasted that they had murdered many Union Men."

Systematic Use Of Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of the political aims. The
events that have occurred in the 1700's turned the patriots into a party of rebels that began sending
alarming threats to the colonists and the King. The Sons of Liberty through my personal perspective
is a terrorist group. Their use of strategy to scare someone in a harmful way is not normal. As we
have learned through current events, there is a difference between protesting and putting people in
harm's way. Systematic use of terror is similar to how terrorist use that strategy in today's times.
When in reality they didn't have to go overboard putting people's Lives at risk unless they really
meant to. For example, the group using a dummy

Organized Crime And Terrorism Similarities
They are two separate entities with similar characteristics. What are the differences? Although
organized criminals can engage in terrorism and terrorists can engage in criminal activity, their
objectives vary. Organized crime seeks opportunistic targets whereas, the operands modem of
terrorists is symbolic. Terrorism has the main goal of political and/or gain through the destruction of
property and human life.
Organized crime groups are usually made up of members with similar ethnic backgrounds (e.g.,
Italian Mafia, Irish Mob) with the prime objective of seeking wealth and power. In the 1920' during
Prohibition, Organized Crime were instrumental in illegal alcohol sales. The success of Organized
depends on an extensive peripheral network. That peripheral network involves bankers, politicians
and law enforcement; ergo, these portals revolving around business activity protects the core of
organized crime (Stratfor, 2010).
Terrorist groups do not depend on an extensive peripheral network since they are driven by political
and/or social directives. Various Middle Eastern Groups (e.g., ISIL) involve the profitable business
of heroin and human trafficking to raise money for operations (e.g., weapons, training). Finances are
a means to an end; thus there are different constraints which allows them to engage in ... Show more
Members of organized crime generally go into hiding, eluding law enforcement; whereas, terrorists
take credit for their attacks, while savoring the glory of the mainstream media's hype. A criminal
will run from the law; on the other hand, a terrorist will shout "Allah Akbar" before dying "live"
(Jula, 2016). Organized crime works within the confines of its territory; whereas, terrorists are
operating globally, being shielded in safe houses within entire countries and internationally. (White,

Study of Extreme Islamic Terrorist Groups
Study of Extreme Islamic Terrorist Groups
Terrorist groups have been involved in political violence dating back to the Greek and Roman
Empires. Terrorist Groups have used violence, and terror to seek political change. In the thirteen and
fourteenth century, Italy was very volatile. The government went through many changes the use of
violence and force was used to terrorize the opponents. In the Age of Revolutions, Muslims began
practicing the form of the suicide attacker. The attacks occurred in Malabar, against the Portuguese,
Dutch, and British (Lutz & J., 2005).
The Merriam–Webster Dictionary defines terrorism as "the use of violence acts to frighten the
people in the area as a way of trying to achieve a political goal" (Terrorism, 2013). The United
States Code 113B, recognizes two forms of terrorism, international and domestic terrorism.
International terrorism "means activities with the following three characteristics:
Involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law;
Appear to be intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of
a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass
destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of
the U.S., or transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished,
the persons they appear intended to intimidate or coerce, or the

Sun Tzu Theory In The Horn Of Africa
Sun Tzu's Theory in the Horn of Africa's Security Challenge
Introduction
The greater Horn of Africa (HoA) is the sub region of the Eastern part of Africa that composed of
Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda. Threats to peace and
security are interconnected and comprised various human insecurities that emanate from both
intrastate and interstate conflict, and transnational security threats such as terrorism. This is because
political, social, and security problems in the region further threaten development efforts and
complicate interventions to alleviate, the various related challenges of the region. Mainly, Terrorism
has been a source of serious security challenge to the Horn of Africa peace and development
process. As terrorism is the main security challenge of the Horn of Africa region, Sun Tzu's theory is
relevant in the war with terrorist organizations operated in the greater Horn of Africa. For these
countries' could helpful in curbing the terrorist threat, if they examine Sun Tzu's theory offensive
strategy according to the existing context of the terrorist threat. The offensive strategy first should
focus on attacking the terrorist's strategy, and then their allies because the main strength of the
terrorist is the strategy they follow. Giving priority on attacking the terrorist's strategy would
eliminate fertile ground for terrorist organizations motive. Therefore, this paper will evaluate, and
analyze Sun Tzu's theory such

The Response Film Analysis
1. The documentary film the Response (2010) provides insight on a military tribunal hearing that
was conducted in the United States (U.S.) military prison infamously known as Guantanamo Bay
located in within the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba. In this film, enemy combatant Aasif
Mandvi is the main character. He had been imprisoned for four years due to the suspicion of having
connections to the U.S enemy al–Qaeda. It is alleged that he is was involved in a bombing
conspiracy specified by classified documents (The Response, 2010). As defined by Neubauer and
Fradella (2014), enemy combatants are unlawful combatants that do not qualify for the prisoners of
war classification under the Geneva Conventions. Typically, the individuals seized by ... Show more
The position on the issue is that Congress should close the Guantanamo Bay detention center due to
lack of constitutional rights. In my opinion, these detainees should be subjected to protections of the
Constitutions even though they are enemies of the country. The detainees should not be held
indefinitely without being convicted of a crime. There could be innocent people being detained
suffering from the inhumane conditions. I believe every detainee should be tried, and found guilty of
crime before being imprisoned. However, this conviction should be achieved with the detainee
having legal representation. In the movie, Mandvi did not have legal representation to assist him
proving his innocence nor was he allowed to review the classified documents the tribunal officials
has leaking him to the crime. He does not know how to properly prove to the officials that he is
innocent. Therefore I am confident he was found guilty of the crime, even if he was innocent. Lastly,
the detainees are suffering from inhumane interrogation techniques, such as being sexually
assaulted. There have been reported cases where interrogators used the waterboarding technique.
The detainees should not have to suffer from inhumane techniques to retrieve information from
them. The officials could use more nonviolent techniques, such as reversed psychology, to retrieve
information. Based on these reason, I believe that these individuals should be tried in a federal court
to ensure that they receive due

Institutionalization Of Terrorism
Terrorism has existed for many years and was known to have begun as early as the first century
when a group of Jews who wanted to overthrow the Roman leader and did so by committing acts of
murder. As time and society evolved terrorism became even more widespread, progressing
throughout the globe. Terrorism has evolved since the early years after the death of Christ, with the
rise of Islam, and into the 21st century during a time that terrorism is at an all–time high. Given the
increased coverage of terrorism throughout the world is due to the upsurge of financing that is
received by many extremist's groups. Gaining these methods of terrorism is not hard and often times
results in innocent individuals or organizations being illegally extorted ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Terrorism is prevalent throughout many countries all over the world with countless extremist groups
seeking the somewhat the same political or religious control. Terrorism became more mainstream
following events such as the bombing of The World Trade Center in 1993. Numerous people knew
that terrorism existed but many never really experienced or witnessed it first–hand. "Entire nations
change their approach to national security, intelligence, and law enforcement depending on the way
terrorism is defined, a process evidenced by recent changes in American defense and law
enforcement policy" (White, p. 5). As certain terrorist incidents occurred they were lessons learned
by the United States as well as other countries who were victims. Terrorism has not true color or
victim for the missions and attacks committed are to harm innocent individuals in order to
intimidate a nation. Domestic and International terrorism are both profound styles of terrorism.
Domestic terrorism focuses more so on acts of terrorism committed by inhabitants of their
identifiable country whereas International terrorism is compelled by members of different countries
against citizens of another country. Several types of terrorism include Narcoterrorism which is, "the
use of extreme force and violence by producers and distributors against a government or population,
intended to coerce that body to modify its behavior in their favor." (Dyson, p. 31). Another sort of
terrorism is Religious terrorism. This particular kind of terrorism is used by religious zealots in
order to weaken the leadership by compelling religious

Analysis Of The Holocaust And Bourdieu's Habitus Theory
The Jewish Holocaust of 1939 – 1945, the Cambodian Genocide of 1975 – 1979, the Rwanda
Genocide of 1994, the rise of Al–Qaeda, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Boko Haram,
September 11 2001 (9/11) attacks, French attacks of November 2015 – these are some events that
have defied social and normative expectations of human behaviour as it probes into the dark subject
of the capacities of terror and violence. Conflict theorist argue that conflict is embedded in every
social system while Bauman claims that pursuit for social progress in modern civilization is
accompanied with violence. This paper applies the conflict theory, Bauman's analysis of the
Holocaust and Bourdieu's habitus theory in understanding terrorism and mass violence in
contemporary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He saw the Holocaust and Holodomor as a product of the modernity's faith in progress embodied in
bureaucracy and technocracy. For him, the most important factor of the Holocaust was the modern,
technical – bureaucratic patterns of action and the mentality they institutionalize, generate, sustain
and produce. Contemporary mass murder is distinguished by the virtual absence of all spontaneity
but the prominence of rational, carefully calculated design and it stands out by its purpose. Hitler's
genocide was a process of organized exclusion and murder which required cooperation of huge
sections of military and bureaucracy to accomplish. This analysis makes up for the inability for the
conflict theory in explaining long–term violence and conflict, and its patterns. However, he failed to
explore the role individual factors and group interests, values and norms play in mass violence and

Global Counter Insurgency And The War On Terror
Is 'global counter–insurgency' a viable strategy in the 'war on terror'?
After the 9/11 attacks in the United States, the War on Terror was the strategy that the Bush
government developed with the aim to defeat the organization that had accomplished this attack, Al
Qaeda. The immediate response of the Bush Administration after the attack was the invasion of
Afghanistan, with the goal of eliminating and expel the targets that had made the country their
sanctuary. This group was presented as the main threat of the 21st century, and as the enemy at the
global scale. However, the idea of the War on Terror did not employ only in the Afghan context, the
Islamic terrorist threat was spread through nine principal theatres . A new phenomenon had ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the lessons learned in these areas, Galula returned to France in 1956, the year in which the
country was immersed in the Algerian war, which led him to request a command therein. It was here
that Galula implemented for the first time their knowledge of COIN.
Galula theory is based on the support of the population, an element that is recovered in the doctrine
developed by Petraeus. This is divided between an active minority supporting the insurgency, an
active minority who would be willing to support the force or forces that promote measures COIN,
and finally, a large majority of the population passive (FM 3–24, 2006: 1–20). The aim of COIN
operations would therefore gain the support of the active minority that is potentially in their favour,
so that this in turn get mobilized the passive majority of the population against the insurgent group.
Besides military measures to reduce and eliminate the insurgent forces, for the author it is essential
to isolate the population of these groups, in order to avoid a possible mobilization of the same
against the interests of the COIN. This will require removing the alleged political organization that
insurgent groups have developed in that area, and replace it forces an interim basis to ensure the
necessary services in the area, and thus add up support within the local population.
Based on the classic definition of the term, the insurgency is defined as organized movements aimed
at overthrowing a

Bill C-51 Effects
What is terrorism? That is the question you have to ask yourself to find out what Bill C–51 effects.
Terrorism is the use of violence and intimidation in hopes of accomplishing political and/or
individual advantage. Terrorism can involve abuse of hostage videos to show influence and treating
others as lesser beings. So know we've discussed lets discuss Bill C–51. Bill C–51 states that police
can now arrest without authorization, now what does that inspire, fear. Now they can share
intelligence with the government want does that involve, political advantage. CSIS can use
intelligence to take advantage of terrorists' history. You see how the government stops terrorists is
the same method terrorists use to inspire terror. How exactly does the government "control"
terrorists? Firstly, they now have permission to declare an unjustified arrest on "suspected targets."
Now the key word here is "suspected," this can mean relation, interaction with offenders, childhood
relationships, birthplace, previous record of law offence, and religion. I mean come on, though many
Canadian citizens are safe from this bill, other innocent people can be arrested for these charges, and
can you really defend a bill that defies up to seven of the eleven clauses of the Canadian Charter of
Rights and Freedoms. Is this really what Canada believes in?
If you can defend a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now though the bill is harsh and vague its unembellished nature does prevent real terrorists because
terrorists cannot commit acts of terrorism due to this bill as they will be captured and arrested.
However, does imprisoning one terrorist and ninety–nine civilians really balance out? Sometimes
the end justifies the means, but if the end and the means are so barbaric is that really justice. Other
reasons people support this bill is mainly surrounded by their fear of being abducted by terrorists

State Terrorism As A Form Of Political Violence
State terrorism is defined as, "terrorism committed by a national government, inside of its national
borders and directed at its own people and sometimes visitors" (Taylor & Swanson, 2016 P. 162).
Most military dictorships tend to maintain the power through terror; this paralyzes society through
violence and threats. The scary thing about state terrorism is that the states themselves have the
power to use violence in many ways that us as civilians cannot. The main purpose of state terrorism
is to install this fear in citizens, this way they consolidate the living regimes power, and keep
maintain the control over the country's population. However, some do not see state terrorism as
terrorism, if not just as a form of political violence.

Paul Miller Definition Of Terrorism
There is a difficulty in defining terrorism officially due to subjective worldwide views, however the
state department in the USA call it "Pre–meditated motivated violence perpetrated against civilians,
usually intended to influence an audience"
Paul Miller, a member of the American CIA further adds that there are 4 main elements within the
definition of terrorism,
1/ Pre–meditated – Planned in advance
2/ Political – Not criminal, although this is subjective.
3/ Aimed at civilians
4/ Carried out by sub – national groups – Not countries themselves
The subjective and varied nature of the definition of terrorism can also be placed into several
categories and as follows,
a. Perceived causes or motivations
Fight for idealism
Obtain

Causes and Motivations of Terrorism

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Mindi Schneider

More from Mindi Schneider (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Causes and Motivations of Terrorism