1. 1
TITLE OF THE ARTICLE:TEACHER JOB SATISFACTION FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
EFFECTIVENESS IN ABA EDUCATION ZONE,SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
Siti Aminah Binti Khalid (2012767551)
Research Methodology (EDU702) – Dr. Johan @Eddy Luaran
Faculty Of Education, Uitm Shah Alam
Overview
This is an article review of Abraham et al. 2012, which investigated the job
satisfaction for secondary school effectiveness in ABA Education Zone, South –East
Nigeria. The article was published in the Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, Vol. 1,
No. 2, 2012 pp. 1-7.
The roles of teachers in many countries are mostly in the same linear. By
referring to the most of the research in the world, we know that the basic of the
teachers’ role would be the same. The main roles as a knowledge center (Edwards,
Gilroy, & Hartley, 2002) should not be denied. Teachers are the person that can change
the futures of the country and the world. However, recently we have heard a lot of
teacher’s complaint on their profession especially on the workload issues. Thus, some
of the researchers try to look into the issue by conducting the research on teacher job
satisfaction.
According to the researchers, they stated some of the previous research related
to job satisfaction. Research (Oluwuo, 2009; Dinham, 2005; Okorie, 2008) had shown
that how important is the teachers role in human capital development quality. Adejumo
in Okorie (2008), also describes the teacher as one who performs student-related tasks
as stated in his research, teacher as a medium for knowledge transfer, provide
conducive emotional climate in the classroom and also helps administration of the
school. (Ukeje, Okorie and Nwagbara ,1992:Igwe ,2000 :Griffin,1984), were defined on
effective organization and effective schools.
Abraham et al. stated some of the problems in Nigeria’s Education System. Most
of the problems stated seem that parents and government try to put the blame on

2. 2
teachers who caused the education system into problem and unsuccessful. However,
the teachers try to defend their career by blaming government for late payment of
salaries and allowances, poor working conditions, poor salary structure, lack of
incentive, poor motivation leading to job dissatisfaction. Some of the organizations such
as Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT) and United Nations Educational, Science and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO), both were stated on teacher job satisfaction.
Teachers had a very poor payment, the annual budget on education in Nigeria only 10%
of annual budget below the amount that was recommended by UNESCO which is 26%
and the most worst were the policy makers in Nigeria education who were not even
have any basic about the education system. Thus, Abraham et al. had decided to
conduct a research on job satisfaction for secondary school effectiveness in ABA
Education Zone, South –East Nigeria.
Description of The Methodology
In my overview part, some of the problem that has been faced by the teachers in
Nigeria as stated by the researchers has been identified. As those problems come out
in a very critical condition, Abraham et al. try to find out the answers of these three
research questions which are what factors of school facilities determine teacher job
satisfaction, what teacher characteristics determine teacher job satisfaction and what
human relations factors determine teacher job satisfaction. The aim of the study have
been stated clearly as to identify the factors of school facilities that determine teacher
job satisfaction, teachers’ personal characteristics that determine job satisfaction, and
the human relations factors that determine teacher job satisfaction.
The researchers was conducted a descriptive survey. A sample of 512 teachers
emerged from a population of 1280 representing 40% of the entire population. A 2-part,
15-item, 4-point scale instrument was used to generate data for answering 3 research
questions. The instrument was validated by a team of experts in the Department of
Educational Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; and a reliability value of
0.83 established. The researchers distributed and retrieved the instrument. Mean was

3. 3
used to answer the research question. The findings included among others that the
classrooms are well ventilated and concluded that inadequate classroom environment
and school facilities produced negative teacher job satisfaction and recommended
among others that school laboratory should be well equipped to make science teaching
more practical and promote effective teacher job satisfaction.
Evaluation
Overall, the researchers were reporting the research according to the correct and
standard order. However, certain things need to be correct. A good literature review
should evaluate the quality and findings of a research. Moreover, the researcher also
discusses them logically and critically (Chua, 2012).The literature review sources should
not be limited and focused to the domestic literature sources. It should be expend to the
global sources so that the wider view of idea on the previous research can be seen
clearly and can be used in their research. The theories which are related to the research
area should be including.
The study was descriptive in nature. The findings were drawn after the Means
have been analyst. Generally, teachers were less satisfied with advancement,
compensation, supervision human-relation, and working conditions. The researchers
were focused on ‘what’ questions which is basic on descriptive research. The research
didn’t make the method part to be cleared. The next part of the method section should
detail the procedures used in experiment. Explain what you had participants do, how
you collected data, and research procedure which showed the order in which steps
occurred (Chua, 2012).
Open-ended questions allow for a greater variety of responses from participants
but are difficult to analyze statistically because the data must be coded or reduced in
some manner. Closed-ended questions are easy to analyze statistically, but they
seriously limit the responses that participants can give. Many researchers prefer to use
a Likert-type scale because it’s very easy to analyze statistically,(Jackson, 2009, p. 89).

4. 4
However, the researchers didn’t mention specificly about the questionnaire in their
research.
Researchers have to follow the research ethics when engaged in research
(Glesne, 2006). In this research, the researchers had followed the research ethic by
choose the sample through proportionate random representation. Moreover, the
researchers were used the instrument that have been validated by a team of experts
and the reliability have been established using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation.
Discussion of implications
Job satisfaction is also known as job attitudes, morale, and organizational climate.
No matter the term used, job satisfaction describes a pleasurable or positive emotional
state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences (Harpaz, 1983; Locke,
1976). The importance of job satisfaction from work is to gain happiness and indirectly
can improve job productivity (Herzberg et al., 1959).
According to my reading on some famous theories for example the Maslow‟s
Hierarchy of Needs Theory, if individuals are not able to fulfill their physiological, safety,
and social needs, their self-esteem and self-actualization needs will not be achieved.
They are not satisfied with their jobs and it finally impacts the organization and society
level (Harpaz, 1983). If a position does not closely match a new teacher‟s preparation,
interests, or preferences, they may quickly become dissatisfied and not stay in the
profession for long (Liu & Johnson, 2006).
In Malaysia context, Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 in their report
highlighted on one of the main shifts stated in shift 4 which is focusing on transform
teaching into the profession of choice. It was a very big step taken to make sure that the
high quality of teacher’s profession in Malaysia. However, some of the steps have to be
taken on fulfill this mission. This is due to some surveys conducted by some
researchers that have been reported recently (The Star Online, 19 March 2014).

5. 5
Overall,the job satisfaction dimension are very wide but if we want zoom into the
problems face by the teachers are depends on the timeline and also to the policymaker
for each country. From the research we could learn on the other perspective which
involve different culture and environment in Africa countries for example Nigeria which
is face a lot of problems due to poor politic stability. Since the job satisfaction of each
carreer and country are very subjective issues it’s not easy for us to make a final
conclusion on this issue and a further study should be conducted.