1.Natural route of development and It's theory -All learners irrespective of their L1 , learnt the grammar of the L2 in a fixed order. -encouraged in research in L1 acquisition which showed that children learning their mother tongue followed a higly predictable route in the acquistion of structures such as negatives and interrogatives (Klima and Bellugi 1996) and a range of grammatical morphemes (R .Brown 1973) The L1 and L2 hypothesis -whether the route of development in L1 acquisition matched that of SLA -Reason be that language learners apply a common set of mechanisms which have their origin in the special characterstics of the human language faculty. Investigated in 2 ways 1) Analysis of learner errors -A large proportion of development errors was evidence that processes of L1 acquisition and SLA were similar. -It was assumed that structures in which errors were very common were learnt later that structures containing few errors. 2) Longtituatonal studies of L2 learners -many originatning in the university of California , Los Angeles ,under the supervision of Evelyn Hatch . 2.Types of Contextual Variation  1) situational context learners use their knowledge of the L2 differently in different sitations. 2)Linguistic context learners produce errors in one type of sentence but in another. 3.What does Variability in SLA refers to? Variablity in language learners is the result not only of contextual factors but also it occurs because of individual differences in the way learners learn a L2 and the way they use their L2 knowledge. It can also be the factors that are affecting SLA such as : Age , Aptitude , cognitive style, motivation and personality. 4)Define Input . How we acquire new language -The input constitutes the language to which the learner is exposed. -It can bbe spoken or wrotten. -Input serves as the data which the learner must use to determine the rules of the target language. 5.What is the role of input in SLA? -Input may be in the form of exposure in natural setting or formal onstruction. It may be spoken or written. -Early theories of SLA 1-based on the notion of habit formation through practice and reinforcement. 2- language learning first or second -was an external not an internal phenomenon. -In the 1960s this view of learning was challenged.In many instances there was no match between the kind og language to be observed in the input and the language that learners produced. Chomsky 1) emphasize the learner's "LAD" 2) played down the role of the linguistic environment. Input served merely as a trigger to activate the device.

1. LEM 213 -Tutorial #2
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2. Natural route of development and It's theory
-All learners irrespective of their L1 , learnt the
grammar of the L2 in a fixed order.
-encouraged in research in L1 acquisition which
showed that children learning their mother
tongue followed a higly predictable route in the
acquistion of structures such as negatives and
interrogatives
(Klima and Bellugi 1996) and a range of
grammatical morphemes (R .Brown 1973)

3. • The L1 and L2 hypothesis
-whether the route of development in L1
acquisition matched that of SLA
-Reason be that language learners apply a
common set of mechanisms which have
their origin in the special characterstics of
the human language faculty.

4. Investigated in 2 ways
1) Analysis of learner errors
-A large proportion of development errors
was evidence that processes of L1
acquisition and SLA were similar.
-It was assumed that structures in which
errors were very common were learnt later
that structures containing few errors.

5. • 2) Longtituatonal studies of L2 learners
-many originatning in the university of
California , Los Angeles ,under the
supervision of Evelyn Hatch .

6. 2.Types of Contextual Variation
1) situational context
learners use their knowledge of the L2
differently in different sitations.
2)Linguistic context
learners produce errors in one type of
sentence but in another.

7. 3.What does Variability in SLA refers to?
• Variablity in language learners is the
result not only of contextual factors but
also it occurs because of individual
differences in the way learners learn a L2
and the way they use their L2 knowledge.

8. • It can also be the factors that are affecting
SLA such as :
Age , Aptitude , cognitive style, motivation
and personality.

9. 4)Define Input .
How we acquire new language
-The input constitutes the language to which
the learner is exposed.
-It can bbe spoken or wrotten.
-Input serves as the data which the learner
must use to determine the rules of the
target language.

10. 5.What is the role of input in SLA?
-Input may be in the form of exposure in
natural setting or formal onstruction. It
may be spoken or written.
-Early theories of SLA
1-based on the notion of habit formation
through practice and reinforcement.

11. 2- language learning
first or second -was an external not an
internal phenomenon.
-In the 1960s this view of learning was
challenged.In many instances there was
no match between the kind og language to
be observed in the input and the language
that learners produced.

12. Chomsky
1) emphasize the learner's "LAD"
2) played down the role of the linguistic
environment.
Input served merely as a trigger to activate
the device.