2. • The Renaissance was a cultural movement and a time of renewal
(Europe was recovering from the Dark Ages and the Black
Death/Bubonic Plague)
• Renaissance means “rebirth” of classical knowledge and “birth” of the
modern world (new intellectual and artistic ideas that developed
during the Renaissance marked the beginning of the modern world)
• Humanism spread throughout Western Europe.
• It began in Italian cities
3. • An age of reborn interest in the arts, education, and the classical culture of
ancient Greece and Rome.
• It is a movement focused on man and his accomplishments
HUMANISM
CHRISTIANITY & CATHOLIC CHURCH
Martin Luther
• Protestant Reformer
• a German Monk
• Challenges the practices of the Roman Catholic Church
• Wrote the 95 Theses to criticize indulgences.
• Believed the Bible should be the authority of the church.
• Believed people are right with God through faith – not works.
5. • A training in music is a MUST for an educated person
• Everywhere, musicians worked in town, courts and churches
**the choirs were predominantly MALE
CHURCH – patron of music
COURT – center of musical activity
Composers – in demand by kings, dukes and prince
- their status is elevated & were paid higher
- the leading composers came on Netherlands
The Renaissance Period is sometimes referred to as
“The Golden Age of Polyphony”
6. IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT HAPPENED
DURING THE RENAISSANCE
1. REBIRTH OF CLASSICAL LEARNING
- The writings of ancient Greeks & Romans were rediscovered & reevaluated
2. The chaotic feudal system was replaced by hierarchal state
3. European view of the world was expanded (Columbus & Magellan)
4. Change in the views of the Earth and cosmos as evidenced (Copernicus & Galilei)
5. The technology of printing permitted the wider distribution of the work of musical
composers
Printing Press
Helped develop…
1. Increase in literacy rates
2. Secular (World) ideas spread
3. Books are circulated to public
7. MUSICAL CONTEXT OF THE
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
• Increase in patronage of music
• Territorial expansions by the Europeans that increase the wealth to
European nations
• International music style was created due to travel & trade of people to
different countries
• Music became an experience ART
• Music and literature became available to the people (printing press)
8. THE DISTINGUSHING CHARACTERISTICS OF
RENAISSANCE MUSIC
• Invention and enhancement of new musical instruments
• Secular music arose
• Musical harmony is more expressive
• Imitation as a polyphonic technique
• Vocal polyphony (equal importance of 4 or more voices)
• The use of church modes or modality predominates sacred and secular music
• There is the prevalence in musical compositions of clarity, balance and
euphony in moderation
• Musical literature became flourished (printing press)
• Developed Acapella singing in church
10. 1. Motet
• Motet is one of the most important forms of polyphonic music form in circa
1250-1750.
• A motet is an unaccompanied choral accompaniment based on a Latin sacred
text and designed to be performed in the Catholic service, chiefly at vespers
(Lopez et al, 1993). The Renaissance motet is unified piece with all voices
singing the same text (Ibid, 1993). It is serious and primarily designed for
worship service.
2. Mass
• Mass is music for the catholic church worship. The leading Italian composer of
the Renaissance period was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594). He
wrote music for the Catholic church which were highly regarded as models of
church music because of their serenity. One of Palestrina’s best masses was Pope
Marcellus Mass written for an acapella choir of a soprano, alto, two tenors, and
two basses. The six voices imitate each other and blend well.
11. 3. Madrigal
• The Madrigal is an important secular vocal music of the Renaissance period. It is
a musical composition for solo voices. Its subject is sentimental and erotic love. It
is sung at social gatherings in the court and in meetings of artistic and learned
societies, unlike the motets which are sung in church. It is accompanied by a lute
or a harpsichord.
• “April is in My Mistress’ Face” by Thomas Morley is a well-known English
madrigal.
• The madrigal began in Italy and swept England.
13. • The singing of secular music is accompanied by instruments. One of the most
popular instrumentals of the Renaissance is the LUTE which is played by plucking.
• The lute has a pear-shaped body, frets and a varying number of strings (Lopez et
al, 1993). Its peg is slanted back sharply away from the rest of the instrument.
Lute.
15. Giovanni Da Palestrina
• Palestrina (1525-1594), an Italian
considered as the prolific writer of
sacred vocal polyphony, wrote masses,
motets, hymns, and other sacred works
for the Catholic Church.
16. Orlando di Lasso
• Di Lasso (1532-1594), a Flemish
composer, wrote musical
compositions of sacred and secular
nature. He is subjective and
passionate in his creations. Di Lasso
wrote Italian madrigals, Latin masses
and motets, and German lieder.
• The Penitential Psalms of David is a
di Lasso creation.
17. Claudio Monteverdi
• Monteverdi (1567-1643), an
Italian composer, composed music
for operas utilizing chordal
accompaniment. Among his works
are the Return of Ulysses and The
Coronation of Poppea.
19. RENAISSANCE
- was a great cultural movement that began in Italy during the
early 1300’s.
- it spread to England, France, Germany , The Netherlands ,
Spain and other countries in the late 1400’s and eventually
came to an end about 1600.
- It comes from a Latin word “renascere” meaning act of
being reborn: rebirth
20. - During Renaissance, many European scholars and artists,
especially in Italy studied the learning and art of Ancient
Greece and Rome.
- the culture of ancient Greece and Rome are often called
classical antiquity
- Arabs had taken the interest in Greek and Roman antiquity
but in Europe such knowledge became lost. The Renaissance
represented a rebirth of these culture, it is known as the
Revival of antiquity or the revival of learning.
21. The Renaissance overlapped the end of the period in
European history called Middle ages, which began in the
400’s. The leaders of the Renaissance rejected many of the
attitudes and ideas of the middle ages
(Medieval times) Renaissance
-believed that the people great
responsibility was to pray to god
and concentrate on saving their
souls.
-they emphasized people’s
responsibilities and duties to the
society in which they lived.
-Theology( the study of God) - study of humanity
-medieval artist painted human
figures that look stiff and unrealistic.
Renaissance artist stressed the
beauty of the human body.
Painters and sculptors tried to give
their works a spiritual quality.
Painters and sculptors wanted to
portray people and nature
realistically
22. ARTS OF THE 1300’S AND EARLY 1400’S
Giotto
A Florentine painter that
became the first artist to
portray nature realistically
through his painting.
Giotto di Bondone
23. - HE PRODUCE MAGNIFICENT FRESCOES(PAINTING ON DAMP PLASTER) FOR CHURCHES IN
FLORENCE, PADUA, AND ASSISI.
Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi Church in Florence
24. A remarkable group of Florentine architects, painters,
sculptors worked during the early 1400’s.They included
• Architect Filippo Brunelleschi
• Painter Masaccio
• Sculptor Donatello
26. One of his best-known building is the beautifully
and harmoniously proportioned of Pazzi Chapel in
Florence.
27. Brunelleschi was the first Renaissance artist to use linear
perspective.
diagram of Brunelleschi's experiment with linear perspective
(it is a mathematical system in which painters could show
space and depth on flat surface)
28. Masacchio
His finest work was a series of frescoes, he painted about 1427 in the
Brancacci Chapel of the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence.
Biblical scenes of emotional intensity.
The frescoes have an intense radiance, making it possible to see very clearly
the shifts in emphasis between Masolino's work and that of Masaccio
The restoration also highlights Masaccio's mastery of chiaroscuro (light and
shade), which, combined with his grasp of perspective, created much marvel
at the time. His work was consciously copied by the Florentine painters of the
15th century.
29. Donatello
He tried to portray the dignity of the human body in realistic and often dramatic
detail.
Donatello’s masterpieces include three statues of the Biblical hero David.
The David
30. Wealthy Florentine businessman and politician Cosimo de'Medici
commissioned Donatello's David, which the sculptor completed
around 1430. Fashioned of bronze, the statue stands at 62.25 inches
tall and is housed at the Museo Nazionale del Bargello in Florence,
Italy.
The statue depicts the youthful, nude figure of the Old Testament
hero David, standing over the decapitated head of the giant Goliath.
The statue was a departure from previous depictions of the scene not
only because of David's nudity, but because of the careful attention
paid to his anatomy.
Donatello carefully depicts the musculature of the figure's torso and
legs, using the reflective nature of the bronze to give the statue a
highly naturalistic or realistic appearance. Like the St. Mark, the David
also draws upon the influence of Greek and Roman statues,
particularly in the statues in its contraposto pose.
31. St. Louis of Toulouse
• The gilded bronze statue of St. Louis of Toulouse was
finished in 1425 for Orsanmichele, an important church
and frequented public space in 15th century Florence.
• It was taken from its niche in Orsanmichele and given to
the Franciscan friars at the Church of Santa Croce.
• St. Louis’ gesture of blessing is also of interest, for it
echoes the gestures of classical sculptures of the orator.
32. Arts of the late 1400’s and 1500’s
Michelangelo
• He excelled as a painter, architect, and poet. He has been called the greatest
sculptor in history.
• He was a master of portraying the human figure.
Michelangelo's Moses (8 feet 4 inches
tall) is the central figure in the tomb of
Pope Julius II, located at San Pietro in
Vincoli, Rome.
• His famous statue of the Israelite leader
Moses(1516) gives an overwhelming
impression of physical strength and spiritual
power.
• One of the most magnificent beards in the
history of art, the locks fairly pour from Moses'
broad angular face and are swept across the
bulk of his chest by powerful hands.
33. The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
• The Chapel is most famous for its ceiling,
painted by Michelangelo; but the Chapel
also has paintings on the walls by such
famous artists as Botticelli.
• The ceiling is nearly 68 feet off the
ground.
• November 1, 1512, the ceiling was
revealed to the world. Pope Julius II was
pleased, and other assembled audience
members were thrilled and awed. It was
an astounding, intimidating, huge piece of
work.
• The frescoes were painted from 1508 to
1512 and rank among the greatest
achievements of renaissance art.
34. PIETA
The Pietà is a masterpiece of
Renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo
Buonarroti, housed in St. Peter's
Basilica, Vatican City. It is the first of a
number of works of the same theme by
the artist.
35. RAPHAEL
• His paintings are softer in outline and more poetic than those of Michelangelo.
• He was skilled in creating perspective and in the delicate use of color.
• He painted a number of beautiful pictures of the Madonna (Virgin Mary) and
many outstanding portraits.
• Raphael Sanzio was credited for the painting
of Madonna & Child with the Book. The
medium used for the artwork is oil on panel.
• It measures fifty five and a half centimeters
by forty centimeters.
• Raphael through this work has created
somewhat of a meditation art piece.
• It is a serene painting with a simple and
natural beauty.
• One of his greatest works is the fresco School
of Athens
Madonna and Child - Raphael Sanzio
36. LEONARDO DA VINCI
• He painted two of the most famous works of Renaissance art, the
fresco The Last Supper (about 1497) and the portrait Mona Lisa
(about 1503).
• Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps the most recognized artist in the
world.
• He was also a scientist, inventor, and a doctor. His study of the
human form came from the study of actual human cadavers.
• Because of his inquiring mind, Leonardo has become a symbol of the
Renaissance spirit of learning and intelligence curiosity.
37. THE LAST SUPPER
• The Last Supper" is Leonardo's visual
interpretation of an event chronicled in all
four of the Gospels (books in the Christian
New Testament).
• "The Last Supper" is the most reproduced
religious painting of all time and has been
put on everything from mirrors, to mouse
pads, to musical pillows.
• "The Last Supper" depicts the next few
seconds in this story after Christ dropped
the bombshell that one disciple would
betray him before sunrise, and all 12
reacted to the news with different degrees of
horror, anger and shock.
38. MONALISA
• The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait of a woman by
the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, which has been
acclaimed as "the best known, the most visited, the
most written about, the most sung about, the most
parodied work of art in the world.“
• It is perhaps the most studied piece of artwork ever
known.
• Mona Lisa may be revered as the greatest piece of
artwork of all time, Da Vinci was known more for his
ability to draw than to paint.
• Currently there are only a handful of paintings of Da
Vinci’s, mostly because of his largely experimental
style of art, and his habit of procrastination. Among
his most famous sketches is the Vitruvian Man, which
anybody who has ever studied anatomy, human
biology, or art knows very well.
39. THE HERITAGE OF THE RENAISSANCE
• The Renaissance left an intellectual and artistic heritage that stiil remains
important.
• In literature, writers have tried for centuries to imitate and improve upon the
works of such Renaissance authors as Petrarch and Boccaccio.
• The artist of Florence and Rome set enduring standards for painting in the Western
world.
• 400 years, painters have travelled to Florence to admire the frescoes of Giotto and
Masaccio.They have visited Rome to study the paintings of Raphael and
Michelangelo.
• The works of Donatello and Michelangelo have inspired sculptors for generations.
• The beautifully scaled buildings of Brunelleschi and other Renaissance architects
still serve as models for architects.
40. • Defensor, M., Favila, S., Santiago, G., Santos, A. & Vergara, A.
2007. MAPEH IV – Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health:
Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine Publications Inc.
• Defensor, M., Favila, S., Santiago, A. & Vergara, A. 2007. MAPEH
III – Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health: Sampaloc,
Manila: St. Augustine Publications Inc.
• www.google.com.ph/search?q=renaissance+art
• www.wikipedia.org
REFERENCES:
41. By: Group 1
Michelle Palomo
Jullien Gojo Cruz
Aleni May Dela Cruz
Marivilla Manzano
