Teletype First Invented

Teletype First Invented
There comes a point at which all components necessary to allow for an idea or invention to flourish are in place. At that point – and not before – the
invention or idea takes off. In other words, when it's time to railroad, everybody railroads. This explains why so many inventors often file patents for
similar ideas within weeks and why it is so often difficult to ascertain who actually first invented something.
Teletype machines, in various forms, became the primary mechanism of remote computer access. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, it was common to
spot a computer tech lugging around a sixty–pound model 33 ASR1 complete with paper tape. Many backs were spared when Texas Instruments
introduced their ubiquitous Silent 700 terminals complete
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The Impact Of Internet On The Way We Do Business?
What has been the impact, positive and negative, of the Internet on the way we do business?
Internet is defined as a global system of interconnected computer systems. The internet, as we see today, allows anyone to communicate with any other
person anywhere around the world without any effort or effective cost anonymously. The advance in technology ofInternet has led to faster
communications. For example the change of dependency from postal service to much faster e–mails, online banking, social networking etc. Everything
is now at our fingertips. We can now sit at the comfort of our homes and do certain tasks which were earlier time consuming. Today business has easier
global access due to Internet. It is cost–effective and almost all the functions can be automated to make it easier and faster. Even communication has
become cheaper and faster. But as Dr.Leonard Kleinrock stated, these benefits are a perfect combination to do bad things on the Internet. Further,
the internet was built with an idea of an open access where ideas can be shared freely. But this feature that is built on trust can be easily misused. I
agree with this statement of his, cyber security is still an important issue. As reported by the New York Times (Feb 5,2015) , Primera Blue Cross, a
health insurance based company based in Washington State, where the hackers gained access to the computers on May 5, 2015, and the breach was
not discovered until Jan 29, 2015. The breach could have exposed members '

Networked Presence Analysis
I chose my topics, 'absent presence' and 'connected presence' because they relate to the larger topic of the Mobile Revolution and how individuals have
adapted to the use of ICTs and how that has changed the methods in which people participate interact (Raine, Wellman 2012). Further, both concepts
look at the wider implications of networked individualism and how ICTs have allowed for users greater autonomy in how they choose to engage with
and contact others, forming new opportunities and limitations (Raine, Wellman 2012). I included all of my interactions with ICTs, regardless of length,
because its integral to examining how absent and connected presence is present in my interactions; the times for ICT communication were based off of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
and how people decide how much attention to pay to who (Gergen 2002). 'Relationship' is a nominal variable and because of this, I could only look
at the mode, or most common relationships (doesn't make sense to look at mean or median). I found that the majority of my interactions in
descending order were with friends (14 out of the 43 total interactions or 32.5%), professors, tutors and UofT administration grouped into 'school' (7
out of the 43 total interactions or 16.2%) and people that I had either not met before or weren't in my personal network but I interacted with (6 out of
43 interactions or 13.9%). Further, there was an equal frequency of interactions between myself and co–workers and my boyfriend (Jay) which
accounted for 5 out of 43 interactions or 11.6% each, respectively, while roommates and family I also had an equal amount of interactions with (3
interactions each out of 43 or

Big Brother Is Watching Essay
Big Brother is Watching
When George Orwell wrote "1984", he wrote about a world where not only the words you spoke, but also your movements and even your facial
expressions could be monitored. You weren't safe in the streets, work or even your own apartment. Does this sound familiar? Big brother IS watching
you. The question now is what this information will be used for.
In this essay I will argue that the Internet of Things (IoT) will be the downfall of our privacy. Internet of things is the anticipated future! A future where
everyone has dozens of very small, very low–power devices with CPUs, sensors and radios. This leaves room for a lot of interesting work to be done,
but nobody seems to have asked the question "Do we really want an Internet of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Farmington Hills company installs wireless Intellistreet systems. Detroit Free Press, 29 October.
Nazarian, R., 2015. Talk Android: Nest thermostat will be the central point for Google's Internet of Things. [Online]
Available at: http://www.talkandroid.com/250692–nest–thermostat–will–be–the–central–point–for–googles–internet–of–things/
[Accessed 25 September 2015].
Samsung, 2011. Terms and Conditions. s.l.:s.n.
Steadman, I., 2014. Betrayed by your smartphone: Cory Doctorow on the future of internet censorship. [Online]
Available at: http://www.newstatesman.com/sci–tech/2014/10/betrayed–your–smartphone–cory–doctorow–future–internet–censorship
Steadman, I., 2015. Before we give doors and toasters sentience, we should decide what we're comfortable with first. [Online]
Available at: http://www.newstatesman.com/sci–tech/2015/02/we–give–doors–and–toasters–sentience–we–should–decide–what–were–comfortable–first
Watson, P. J., 2011. FEDERALLY
–FUNDED STREET LIGHTS CAPABLE OF RECORDING CONVERSATIONS. [Online]
Available at: http://www.infowars.com/federally–funded–street–lights–capable–of–recording–conversations/
[Accessed 25 September

It332 Kaplan Unit 10
Running head: Computer Systems Architectures
Computer Systems Architectures
Kaplan University
Abstract
Computer architecture is a set of rules that say how software and hardware interact to create a network or platform. In other words computer
architecture is the design of the network base on the needs of the user, the system if it is there or needs to be built, and the technology that needs to go
into the project. System design is all how all the hardware is set up while the instruction set architecture is the program language.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What OS file system should we use?
What types of processors?
Cluster Architecture?
Data Backup
LAN or WAN
Web–based diagram
Introduction to Coast to Coast ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A client/server architecture is an end–to–end systems that contains server hosts (contains the resources and services needed by the client) and clients
(users or workstations in the network). "Most client/server networks have more than one client to a server so that the system shares computing power.
There are a few different kinds of servers to include file sharing, printer services, email services, database services, web services, and a server can
used for it power. Clients can access all of these different servers at one time and the servers can serve many clients." (Techopedia, 2014) For large
businesses with office throughout the country web based computing or cloud computing shows the greatest benefit. In web–based computing it is not
the local computer doing all the work but rather computers off site that do the work. The user's computer runs off of a cloud computing system's
interface software which uses the offsite network computers to do the work.

What OS file system should we use? I would recommend a Windows OS and file system. This is because Windows is straight forward. "There may
be too many distributions of Linux, it's possible that this is hurting Linux in the marketplace. It could be that the lack of a Linux distro from a major
computer company is also hurting it in the marketplace." (Horowitz, 2007) The type of architecture I would use is a web–based computing. This is

How Computers Change The Way We Think
Student's Name
Professor's Name
Subject Details
Date
How Computers Change the Way We Think
Introduction Jarvis: Sir, I think I need to sleep now... [shuts down] Tony Stark: Jarvis! Jarvis? Don 't leave me, buddy...
Consider this other conversation: Colonel James Rhodes: Give me a suit. [holds out arms] Tony Stark: Sorry, they 're only coded to me. Don 't
worry, I got you covered. [a suit approaches Rhodey] Jarvis: Good evening, Colonel. Can I give you a lift? Colonel James Rhodes: Very funny.
(Ironman 1)
These are extracts taken from the Marvel blockbuster movie Ironman. By the face of it they seem as normal conversations taking place amongst three
characters. However, in relation to the topic of this paper, Jarvis will be the example that is being brought into attention. Jarvis is not a person, rather it
is a computer system with the ability to control any machine it is linked to. In fact the name Jarvis is an acronym J.A.R.V.I.S that stands for Just A
Rather Very Intelligent System. Attention should be drawn to the fact that Jarvis; rather than simply shutting down, goes to sleep, Tony Stark refers to
him as a buddy,which is slang for friend and Jarvis has a sense of humor! This exemplifies the level of human capacity that the computer has. In line
with this, the movie IRobot also explores a world where machine and robots are an everyday part of life until they decide to rise against the humans
.Now, one

How Internet Has Changed Our Lives
In today's world Internet has become one of the most important mediums of communication. It has become the lifeline of our survival. It has removed
the entire social, economic and physical barrier and has immense effect on our day to day activity.
The internet has given a new outlook to the way we do business. It has made the world look like a small place because we can order or sell anything
and everything around the globe. Internet has become a boon for the upcoming companies as they can promote their new technology, their brand
name through the internet. Now net banking is possible in which we can directly check our balance, open new account or can directly transfer the
money in someone's account without even going to the bank .We can pay all the bills and book the tickets online just by sitting at home. There is no
more need to stand in queue. We can shop online, compare all the clothing brands just by sitting at home and we get the desired product within some
days at our door step. We can even return the product if we are not satisfied. The internet is used by companies to build better relations with customer.
We can send large chunks of data through email. Small part time business have also become successful ,if someone is good at baking cakes so they
can ship them online and earn good amount of money for this. On the contrary, there are some risks doing business on the internet. Our accounts, card
detail can be at risk while making any transactions and someone can

Technology And The Internet Of Things
Introduction
The world of computers is continuously shrinking at a rapid rate. Coincidentally, computing systems, now more than ever are finding themselves
integrated into different aspects of society. From light bulbs to coffee makers, integrated computing systems are creating a dynamic network of
ubiquitous computing devices. "The internet of things" is the connection and intercommunication of such devices in the physical world through the
internet. Devices in this network spontaneously retrieve and contribute information with one another to improve the quality of life for the user. Varying
greatly from virtual reality, "the internet of things" is a passive augmentation of the human experience rather than a complete removal from it. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The software provides assistive services like location–based restaurant suggestions, local weather and traffic updates, electronic event tickets, flight
information, and hands–free voice control that add additional functionality to the already user–friendly smartphone. To provide these useful services,
Google Now needs to be granted permission to access information from the user's Google account as well as the device's location and usage data.
This information, unique to each user, is used not only to provide Google Now services, but also is combined with information from other users in
mass data analyzes to improve services and to intelligently push advertising. However, Google's use of private information contradicts what users feel
is an appropriate practice. A Carnegie Mellon University study suggests that an overwhelming majority of people are uncomfortable with user
profiling. Participants of the study cited issues in the usefulness of the requesting service not being able to outweigh compromised privacy and a lack
of transparency from the requesting company about what happens to the user's data. In other words, services requiring user data must have significant
value to the user and need to inform the user with clear and precise language how one's data is being used.

The Computer For The 21st Century
I.Introduction
A Computing history[1] began with the centralized computing and followed with Client Server Computing.,furthermore, took after with Client Server
Computing ,Web Computing, and Pervasive/Ubiquitious computing applications are found to work in an open, dynamic, and adaptable condition also,
have enough flexibility in choice and use of administrations whenever and put. The high impulse and heterogeneity of pervasive computing incorporate
self–versatile applications[2] that are fundamental to understanding the ubiquitious computing vision of imperceptibility and universality. This nature
of universality and portability require versatile security issues including protection, verification, approval, and trust.
The concept of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this paper, we concentrate on security issues which unavoidable situations are confronted with them. In administration disclosure prepare, without
considering security, everybody can abuse any accessible administrations gave by administration suppliers. In any case, some of the time, offered
administrations are profitable and essential for specialist organizations and approved clients just ought to utilize them. Hence, we propose a system to
bolster some security procedures, for example, confirmation and approval (as a piece of responsibility prepare) in administration disclosure to address
the said issue. Along these lines, approved clients just in view of verification framework can utilize displayed administrations considering their
predefined benefits as far as approval framework. To accomplish this system, the current structures identified with administration disclosure and good
with inescapable registering conditions has been examined and broke down. For this situation, we have attempted to get helpful purposes of them and
utilized in the proposed structure. Furthermore, for verification and approval segments, the state–of the craftsmanship arrangements which are perfect

Computer Science In Education Essay
Only 5% of United States high schools teach computer science, the study of the principles and use of computers, despite its critical importance. Even as
the enrollment in science, technology, engineering, and math classes have increased in the past 20 years, the number of students enrolled in computer
science has actually decreased. This can be attributed to the neglect exhibited by schools on computer science. In these 20 years, 1 billion computers
have been built which makes computer science "integrated": so baked into human life that it is not surprising to encounter, with social, technological,
and futuristic aspects of the world. Unlike other integrated disciplines such as English or math, computer science is not a required course in ... Show
Universities are already starting to require computer science classes, but this creates the question: How should computer science courses be
implemented in education before University? An optimal solution must teach social problem solving skills, increase the functionality of technology,
and provide an understanding of the future. The time at which computer science is introduced must also be considered to ensure students have enough
prior background knowledge in other related disciplines and a basic understanding of what computer can and cannot do. In order to properly implement
computer science in education, it should be required in high school education and teach the ubiquitous relationship that computer science has with the
social, technological, and futuristic aspects of the world.
Computer science is bound to have social impacts because of its ubiquitous nature. The most influential of these impacts is the introduction of
computational thinking. Computational Thinking is a process that generalizes a solution to open ended problems. Open–ended problems encourage
full, meaningful answers based on multiple variables, which are derived using abstraction and automation. When solving open ended problems,
computer scientists abstract notions from both the physical and theoretical worlds. Unlike mathematical notions which only consider theory, computer
science combines both

M1: Compare the Benefits of Using Manual and Computerised...
Unit 8: Computer and computerised accounting system
M1: Compare the benefits of using manual and computerised accounting system to record business transactions.
In this assignment I will be comparing the benefit of using manual and computerised accounting system to record business transactions.
Accounting software available
Microsoft Excel
Features: Excel allows users to auto sum where it helps you to add the contents of a column of adjacent cells. This is easier for businesses because
they don't have to add up the contents by their self's and it's less likely for them to make a mistake. List auto fill allows you to automatically extend
the cells, where it allows you to make new changes rather than starting again. Auto fill is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Businesses that use Sage: Accountants, flowerets, Bookkeepers, entrepreneurs, manufactures and etc...
Quick books
Features: Quick books is a software that is easy to set up and learn to use. Quick books organize your businesses finances all under one file which is
easy to locate information on. Quick books is allows businesses to easily create invoices, observe sales & expenses that the business is making.
Quick books make sure that they get reliable records for tax time as this is a benefit for the business. Quick book also manages and stores customer,
supplier, and employee information safely. Quick books allows businesses to online banking without using paper.
Businesses that use it: Retailers, supermarkets, entrepreneurs, accountants, students.
E.F.T.A.P.S: Electronic Funds Transfer At Point sale.
Features: E.F.T.A.P.S helps people pay for good by transferring money from there bank cards to the businesses instead of using cash. E.F.T.A.P.S
makes sure that the customer's credit or debit card is read by a card reader when it's being swiped when the customer is purchasing a product.
E.F.T.A.P.S allows customers to receive request which are sent by the bank requesting them authorisation of the payment. Therefore if approval is
given by the customer to the business, money from the customer's account are transferred into the businesses account. E.F.T.A.P.S allows people not
have to withdraw any money out of the bank

Essay on Computer Crimes
Computer Crimes
Computer crimes are on the rise 1 in 10 Americans experience some form of a malicious attack on their computer system. If you pay attention to the
rest of this speech you will understand how a Hackers mind works and how to defend yourself from them. In this speech I will tell you why and how
people break into computers, what sorts of trouble they cause, and what kind of punishment lie ahead for them if caught.
Hackers and Crackers break into computer systems for any of a wide variety of reasons. Many groups break into computers for capital gain while still
others do it as a means to pass time at work or at school. For most it's a thrill to figure out how to break into a computer. Most people never have any ...
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Another way that Hackers cause trouble is by altering the telephone switching networks at MCI, AT&T, and Sprint. By doing this they are able to listen
to any conversation they choose. Often–times they will listen in on the Police and
FBI communicating with each–other. This allows them to move to a new location before they are found. Some Hackers use their knowledge of the
telephone system to turn their enemies home telephone into a virtual pay–phone that asks for quarters whenever you take the phone off the hook.
A person to commits a computer crime in caught will very likely face a substantial punishment. Often these types of criminals are never caught unless
they really screw up. The most wanted Hacker Kevin Mitinick was tracked down and arrested after he broke into a computer that belonged to a
Japanese security professional. After this man noticed that someone had gotten into his computer he dedicated the rest of his life to tracking down
this one man. Kevin was able to say one step ahead of police for some time but the fatal mistake that he made was leaving a voice–mail message on a
computer bragging about the fact that he thought he was unstoppable. When he was arrested he faced a 250,000 dollar fine, 900 hours community
service, and a 10 year jail sentence. Many schools and small businesses still don't have a clue about how to deal with computer crimes and the like
whenever they happen to strike.
In conclusion hopefully you now

Secondary School Of Computing And The Arts
Short introduction (1 page max)
Introduction
Lostcause secondary school of computing and the Arts has asked us to design a new computer class room to support both subjects of computing and
arts, and since both arts and computing are both excellent standard, we would need to match its excellent status. This would have a room where half
of the room which would be specialised in both specified, where if it was for arts, there would be added software like photoshop, and other editing
software. I would say having one half of the room for arts and the other half computing make sense because students will know where to find
themselves for specified subjects. Or they can be mixed but as long as there is specific software being added.
In this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will cover what is needed, what hardware and software are needed. what needed/ specific computers/specific devices
There will be a lot needed into making the class to have computers which will support both subjects. This is because computing and art are different
subjects and having to bring both subjects together could demand a lot. Computers will be the key feature to making this class.
There is more into art than just having a pen and drawing or painting pictures on a paper. The technology has advanced and discovered new kind of art
within computers. Most of the modern day computers can support computing and basic art. In order to have a fully functioning computer that can cover
both subjects is having to get suitable software and having the right aspects in a computer. You don't want to be buying a computer and having to install
a software which will reduce the performance of the computer. It's important to know the aspects of a computer before buying.
The most suitable computers I would recommend are apple based computers, HP, Dell and Samsung. These are big brands and most reliable. There
are more computer companies that are suitable for both computing and arts but for now choose to call out the big names for a simple fact. They have
a wider range of usage in every continent. This means that if you have any technical difficulties that are pasted the school IT technician solving skills,
you could easily

Wearable Technology Is New Security Risks
Website Title: Wearable Computing Equals New Security Risks
Author: Jeff Bertolucci
URL: http://www.informationweek.com/big–data/big–data–analytics/wearable–computing–equals–new–security–risks/d/d–id/1113411 Date accessed:
6th August 2014
Content of site
The article by Bertolucci illustrates the risk and challenges that are associated with wearable technology, which comprises of both wearable computers
and wearable electronics. Among the body adaptable wearable electronics that this author considers as likely to be exposed to risks and challenges are
fitness trackers and health ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While on the same context, the article suggests that the security risk is likely to be exacerbated by global sharing of data and hence the possibility of
a mobile misfortune taking place on a global scale.
Privacy risks
In regards to privacy, Bertolucci notes that body adaptable wearable technologies are in most cases used to collect data about various body aspects.
He cites the example of a fitness tracker who is likely to use wearable electronics to collect data which is personally identifiable as well as sensitive
from a health perspective. Such information may be transferred through the internet and publicised without the athlete's consent. The article also
suggests that the health data from the wearable electronics may also be used by parties such as doctors and medical insurers against the wishes of the
consumer.
Adoption challenges
The article by Bertolucci also highlights that mass adoption of body adaptable wearable electronics is in the current times a key challenge. He
attributes this problem to the current balkanization of the market. More specifically, Bertolucci notes that wearable electronics lack a common
operating system. The current fragmentation prevents communication and interactions with similar devices and hence the inability to achieve mass
adoption. He concludes the article by emphasizing on the need for proactive steps to be undertaken in order to ensure a smooth takeoff for these devices.
Evaluation
This

The Pros And Cons Of Mobile Computing
A2. Mobile Computing. Mobile computing is a portable handheld computer device with the ability to transmit data and maintain connectivity without
being affected by movement. In addition, personalized software can suit individual needs. Mobile computing is any electronic device that helps you
organize your life, communicate with coworkers or friends, or do your job more efficiently. On the other hand, traditional cell phone without capable of
data transmission, "dumb phones," are not considered mobile computing. Increasingly, companies allow employees to connect to organizational
resources using their own devices for better accessibility and productivity, which can cause a risk of data breach. Mobile computing is everywhere,
"The vast majority of Americans – 95% – now own a cell phone of some kind. The share of Americans that own smartphones is now 77%, up from
just 35% in Pew Research Center's first survey of smartphone ownership conducted in 2011" (pewinternet.org, 2017). The smartphone is the biggest
component of mobile computing, in comparison to laptops and tablets with 4G/LTE hardware. Seventy seven percent of Americans become
increasingly mobile and available through the use of smartphones. The risk of enterprise data loss has grown, from simply threat like employees
misplace devices or cyber threat like data breach/hack. Successful BYOD initiations are likely those company which motivated by business goals to
increase productivity and workforce. "CIOs are under

The Positive And Negative Factors Of Mobile Computing
A.
Discuss how mobile computing has changed the way in which the Internet is used. Identify three changes to the Internet that have occurred as a result
of mobile computing and justify an argument about whether these are positive or negative factors.
Mobile computing is technology that has enabled users to obtain internet services while being in a state of constant motion. Conventionally, internet
could only be accessed only via Ethernet cable and users had to sit on one place in order to access internet. In this way, there existed no concept of
taking work to a trip or connecting to world anytime. With the invention of mobile computing, users can take their work in their hands. One can now
get internet service anywhere needed.
In this way, mobile computing has brought some major changes to the internet world; some of them include cloud computing, social media services
and e–commerce. Cloud computing is a service through which users can compute data, use applications and save their data online on internet. This
stored data and applications can be accessed anywhere anytime. For example, if a user saves some data online in cloud from home desktop and then
finds a need to access while being on a trip, it can be easily accessed through mobile phone or laptop just by connecting to internet. Similarly,
applications can be used while being mobile.
Social media is the biggest achievement of mobile computing. Mobile computing lead to the invention of smart phones and social media. Users once
used to connect remote friends through e–mails etc. and there was no proper way real time conversation. Now, social media allows to connect to
people in real time. Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram etc. are the social media applications which are nowadays handled on smart phones and users are
able to use them anytime they want. They help carry out live streaming sessions and real time services which was not possible with static computing.
(What is Mobile Computing : Best Applications & Services (OS), 2015)
Business started to grow in IT world with the introduction of internet but it had never been a proper platform for commerce till internet became mobile.
E–commerce is now a well established and rapidly growing field and this has

What Is Pervasive Computing?
Ubiquitious
An equivalent word of the word 'inescapable ', which means things that appear to be all over the place.
Calm Technology
In registering, Calm Technology intends to diminish the "energy" of data over–burden by letting the client select what data is at the focal point of their
consideration and what data is fringe. The term was authored by Stamp Weiser, boss technologist, and John Seeley Darker, executive of the Xerox Palo
Alto Exploration Lab. In the coming period of universal processing in which innovation will move toward becoming without a moment 's delay
inescapable yet undetectable, Weiser and Darker predict the requirement for outline standards and strategies that empower clients to detect and control
what instantly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Calm Technology
In computing, calm technology aims to reduce the "excitement" of information overload by letting the user select what information is at the center of
their attention and what information is peripheral. The term was coined by Mark Weiser, chief technologist, and John Seeley Brown, director of the
Xerox Palo Alto Research Lab. In the coming age of ubiquitous computing in which technology will become at once pervasive yet invisible, Weiser and
Brown foresee the need for design principles and methods that enable users to sense and control what immediately interests them while retaining
peripheral awareness of other information possibilities that they can at any time choose to focus on. Calm technology, they envision, will not only relax
the user but, by moving unneeded information to the edge of an interface, allow more information to exist there, ready for selection when needed.
1.1.1WHAT IS PERVASIVE COMPUTING ?
Pervasive computing devices are not personal computers, but very tiny – even invisible devices, either mobile or embedded in almost any type of
object imaginable, including cars, tools, appliances, clothing and various consumer goods – all communicating through interconnected networks.
Expert predict pervasive computing in year 2010 will become so naturalized within the environment that people will not even realize that they are using
computers.
EXAMPLE OF PERVASIVE

Case Study Of Internet Of Achebe 's Fuse Technology 's '...
Case study of Internet of Things in area of Agriculture, ?AGCO?s Fuse Technology 's 'Connected Farm Services '?
Rashi Chaudhary
B.Tech. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology
Ghaziabad, India
Jalaj Ranjan Pandey
B.Tech. (Information Technology)
Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology
Greater Noida, India
Prakhar Pandey
B.Tech. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology
Ghaziabad, India
Pulkit Chaudhary
B.Tech. Final Year (Manufacturing Engineering)
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology
Lucknow, India
Abstract: Embedded with Internet of Things, Smart Agriculture vision is analyzed in this case study. Smart Farming techniques offered by leading
Agriculture Company AGCO?s Fuse Technology 's 'Connected Farm Services ' is under study. Study presents a future projection of smart connected
agriculture objects and processes and the scope of the internet driven applications in agriculture field. SWOT analysis has been used to analyze the
issue under study. Case has been explained in majorly five portions, introduction, Smart farming operational Fundamentals, Smart Agriculture by
AGCO, SWOT Analysis, Conclusion.

Keywords: Internet of Things, Smart Agriculture, Smart Farm, Smart Farm Security
I.INTRODUCTION
Internet of Things is a network of smart physical objects interconnected with the virtual objects to formulate a digital web of connected

Taking a Look at the Internet of Things (IoT)
1. INTRODUCTION
Recently, the concept of the Internet as a set of connected computer devices is changed to a set of connected surrounding things of human's living
space, such as home appliances, machines, transportation, business storage, and goods etc. The number of things in the living space is larger than the
number of world population. Research is going on how to make these things to communicate with each other like computer devices communicate
through Internet. The communication among these things is referred as Internet of Things (IoT). Till now, there is no specific definition or standard
architecture of IoT. Some researchers define the IoT as a new model that contains all of wireless communication technologies such as wireless sensor
networks, mobile networks, and actuators. Each element of IoT is called a thing and should have a unique address. Things communicate using the
Radio–Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and work in harmony to reach a common goal. In addition, the IoT should contain a strategy to
determine its users and their privileges and restrictions.
Smart connectivity with existing networks and context–aware computation using network resources is an indispensable part of IoT. With the growing
presence of WiFi and 4G–LTE wireless Inter–net access, the evolution towards ubiquitous information and communication networks is already evident.
However, for the Internet of Things vision to successfully emerge, the computing paradigm will need to go

Computer Is Continuously Shrinking At A Rapid Rate
The modern computer is continuously shrinking at a rapid rate (Hornig, 2013). Correspondingly, computing systems, now more than ever are finding
themselves integrated into different aspects of society. From light bulbs to coffee makers, integrated computing systems are creating a dynamic
network between ubiquitous computing devices (The Internet Of Things (IoT): Challenges And Benefits, 2015). The "Internet of Things" is the
connection and intercommunication of such devices in the physical world through the internet. Devices in this network spontaneously retrieve and
contribute information with one another with the goal of improving quality of life for the user (Harrison, 2011). Varying greatly from virtual reality,
the "Internet of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Google Now" is not a physical device but rather it is a piece of software that capitalizes on the ubiquity of the smartphone to deliver user services that
leverage the "Internet of Things." The software provides assistive services like location–based restaurant suggestions, local weather and traffic updates,
electronic event tickets, flight information, and hands–free voice control that add additional functionality to the already user–friendly smartphone. To
provide these useful services, "Google Now" needs to be granted permission to access information from the user's Google account, as well as the
device's location and usage data (Google, 2016). This information, unique to each user, is used not only to provide "Google Now" services, but is
also combined with information from other users in mass data analyzes to improve services and intelligently direct advertising (Erickson, 2012).
However, Google's use of private information oversteps what users feel is an appropriate practice. A Carnegie Mellon University study suggests that
an overwhelming majority of people are uncomfortable with this user profiling. Participants of the study cited issues in the perceived usefulness of
requesting services not being able to outweigh compromised privacy and a lack of transparency regarding user data use. In other words, services
requiring user data must have significant value to

Management Information Systems
Concept Note on Management Information System /
INFORMATION SHARING SYSTEM
I. Background
Information systems are both technical and social in nature. Managers must understand the relationship between the technical components of an
information system and the structure, functions and work culture of. Builders of information systems should consider management objectives and
decision–making as well as the impact these systems will have on the well being of the people and society. In this chapter places information systems
have to be placed in the context of organizational needs at various levels of management.
II. Information System
An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated component that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most procedures are formalized and written down, but many others are informal work practices. Many of a firm's SOPs are incorporated into
information systems.
Organizations require many different kinds of skills and people. In addition to managers, knowledge workers (such as engineers, architects, or
scientists) design products or services, and data workers (such as secretaries, bookkeepers, or clerks) process the organization's paperwork. Production
or service workers (such as machinist, assemblers or packers) actually produce the products or service of the organization.
Each organization has a unique culture, or fundamental set of assumptions, values and ways of doing things. Parts of organization culture is always
found embedded in its information systems.
All modern organizations are hierarchical, specialized and impartial. They use explicit standard operating procedures to maximize efficiency. All
organizations have their own culture and politics arising from differences in interest groups. Organization differ in goal, group and served, social roles,
leadership styles, incentives, surrounding environments, and task of performed. These differences create varying types of organizational structures.

Computerized information systems are supported in organization by a "computer package" consisting of a formal organization unit information
systems department, information specialist and computer

The Impact Of Internet On The Information Industry After...
SCOPE
This era of computing and communication will extend beyond the realm of the traditional desktops, laptops and even mobile devices. The Internet of
Things aims to extend the Internet services into the real world day to day objects. Internet of Things is essentially an intelligent network of a wide
array of devices (information sensing devices) exchanging information and interacting with each other via the Internet and within the boundaries of
certain protocols. We can thus characterize IoT as an ecosystem of connected people, objects and services, enabled by a pervasive and transparent
technology designed to improve our quality of life. Internet of Things (IoT) can be envisaged as the single greatest technological wave in the
information industry after the magnanimous Internet. According to Garter's technology cycle curve, the interest in IoT reached its peak in 2014 and
ranks second in the top technological trends that would dominate in 2015 [1].
Even though the IoT trend seems pervasive, unified and seamless, there are still several factors that need to be taken care of before the actual
deployment of a full–fledged IoT network. The Internet of Things currently lacks in theory, structure and standards that integrate the Internet with the
real world sensing devices. Some of these factors include the provisioning low powered nodes, identification and locating the devices and being able to
provide secure communication between them, distributed intelligence among many

Mobile Computing And The Creation Of The Internet
Mobile computing, a term that didn't come around till sometime between the 1960s and 1970s, is the use of the internet and computer based
applications on the go. It is using your phone to search something online, using your tablet to make changes to a PowerPoint before you go into your
meeting, and sharing multimedia online through your social media. There have been many leaps within the technological world that has brought
society to where it is today. From the creation of the cell phone to the creation of the internet itself, humans have become more digitally connected with
each new advance.
Mobile computing was the next step in the grand scheme of technology. In comparison, education has always been a stickler for the removal of ... Show
There have also been so many additions and creations to software and hardware that spikes productivity within the educational and business world.
The creations of these new items have only led to more, and finally to the mobile use of these new software and hardware. Bowles gives a
statement that couldn't be more true, "The bottom line is that mobile apps are everywhere." (Bowles, 2013, Ch. 4.6, para 3) The text gives a brief
history of the creation for each of the devices needed to bring about mobile computing and from start to finish, it didn't take a long or arduous process.
In roughly a century or so, we went from no computers or very little but huge computers to a small talking extremely powerful computer that fits in the
palm of our hand. Mobile computing was something that has only helped productivity, especially for items that has become an essential part of the
educational process–Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc. It doesn't come without it's distractions, however there are plenty of ways mobile computing more
than makes up for the Facebook distractions. The great explosion of mobility regarding the computer has largely been due to the student population and
other young individuals that are in similar age and interest groups. Currie states that "Since students brought the mobile revolution to us, they should be
a critical part of helping us understand how to incorporate this new paradigm into the education process." (Currie, 2013)

Essay on Information Systems Proposal
Information Systems Proposal Paper
Lorelei Arroyo–Alba
BIS220
Introduction to Computer Application and Systems
November 14, 2011
Joseph Lewis Aguirre
Integrating certain information systems within a business organization will not only prove for a faster more efficient workplace but will also improve
the bottom line for company growth. Even though there are numerous information systems that can be implemented and utilized to improve the growth
and expansion of the company, there are five information systems that the company should focus on employing: office automation system, supply chain
management system, management information system, electronic commerce system, and transaction processing system. The recommended information
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The PowerPoint capability will also help managers in conducting presentations for training purposes. Essentially, an OAS will "focus on making
managers and professionals more productive and effective," (Gremillian and Pyburn, 1985, p 6, para 2). The only drawback in using this system would
be making sure that managers and employees stay up–to–date with the information provided in emails and calendars. The next proposed information
system for the business is the supply chain management system. In a nutshell, this system would mostly consist of inventory control and operations.
The benefit of this system would allow the company to request specific products based on the needs of the customers. Employees would be able to
familiarize themselves with the sending and receiving of inventory and learning about quality control. The only disadvantage to this system would be
providing low quality materials for customers, which results in product returns causing churn. The fourth information system to be utilized in growth
of a new company is the electronic commerce system, also known as ecommerce. This system will provide access for the company to reach out into the
global market keeping geographical limitations to a minimum, which in turn can cause growth and expansion. Ecommerce also enables small,
up–and–coming businesses, as well as customers, to sell or purchase products through the global market, (Bora, C., n,d). One downside to ecommerce
is that customers may

Statement Of Purpose For Information Technology
Statement of Purpose Shoba Iyer "The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life
until they are indistinguishable from it". Mark Weiser, 1991 "The Computer for the 21st Century" Scientific American Technology is ubiquitous in
our lives today and has been so for the past century. Surrounded by software, we depend on it for the functioning of our daily tasks. Simplicity and
quick response to user queries help enhance the consumer experience. I have always been passionate about software and its design principles. I have
an innate curiosity to find what makes software efficient, easy to use and scalable. My interest lies in the field of pervasive computing, developing
software that enhances lives through the power of both large scale industrial applications and small scale mobile applications. I have had an interest in
programming since an early age, and I truly developed a passion for the field during my studies at the University of Mumbai for Bachelors of
Engineering in Information Technology. I gained a solid foundation by learning different concepts in Algorithms and Math. Learning concepts in
courses like Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality Systems and Programming for mobile devices helped me truly develop a passion for technology. But
the course that truly... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe that my passion for Computer Science, my certifications and a strong academic background will provide impetus for my graduate studies and
research. Attending your prestigious institution would give me an opportunity to receive high–level education under the guidance of prominent
professors and teachers. I would regard my admission to Clemson University not only as an honor but also a great stepping stone for my

Computer Advantages And Disadvantages
Technological advancement have made an impact in almost every aspect of our lives specially after
the availability of computers. It has improvised the processing speed of many tasks; abundant work can be
done in minimal time by accessing enormous quantities of information, and also we can engage in several
tasks simultaneously. The rapid advancement in thetechnology and popularization of various gadgets and
their application have made rapid changes in the exposed profiles of the population at work, at school,
at home, and in leisure over a few decades. Millions of people including children, college students are
using computers for prolonged hours. Therefore, it is important to examine potential effect on health after
exposure. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, computers are used by the students community for non–academic purposes such as
watching movies, playing games and online social networking. (3)
In the past 2 years Computer Vision Syndrome has experienced a dramatic surge by about 15%
in world wide. The incidence of Computer Vision Syndrome about 5years ago was just 8%. But it can be
seen in every 1 out of 4 patients visiting ophthalmic OPD's are with the symptoms of Computer Vision
Syndrome. The Computer Vision Syndrome cases have been witnessed more among children addicted to

video games. Whereas IT professionals comprises about 70%. (4)
A million new cases of CVS occurs every year.(5) Many studies have reported the association
between prolonged computer use, poor postures at workstations and various musculoskeletal discomforts,
among them most of the studies focused on western adult subjects.(6,7,8)
performed to document the effects of computer use on the physical health especially among

The Future of the Internet Essay
In today's world 3 billion humans are on the internet but there are also 4 billion people that are not. In the beginning of my study on the future of the
internet, I asked myself this question: is it possible that everyone could be online and globally connected? Then I asked myself how, if everyone is
online, the future of the internet change the experience of everyday life? Looking back, the internet is still a relatively new phenomenon as it was first
created back in the 1960's by a computer scientist named J.C.R Licklider. He envisioned a network of computers, called the galactic network, which
would allow humans to be able to share information instantly. Overtime this is how the internet developed, as many of these networks that shared ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Knowing all of this and how far the internet has already come...I realized how much farther the internet really has left to go. In a small window of
time, the internet has had an extraordinary impact on how people live their daily lives. It gives the human mind the capability to access new ideas,
information and endless possibilities. Which leads to the chronological question, if this is what the internet can do now, what will the future of the
internet look like? Even though the internet has already had a significant impact on society thus far, nobody saw it coming even though everybody
could predict it. In a world that is constantly changing, the internet is constantly adapting. The true computer revolution has begun but only cracked the
surface into the boundless levels it has the capability to reach. In the future the internet will expand in three major areas, speed, intelligence and
connection.
Right now we are all programmed to be patient as our YouTube videos continue to buffer. We are patient because we are using "futuristic technology"
such as google maps, which can virtually take anyone from there living room to the front door of someone's house across the world. In an article that
was published on foxnews.com by Blake Snow states that right now there is an ultrafast, 10–gigabit Internet in the works at Google. It is called Google
Fiber and

The Importance Of The Relevance Of The Data
The importance of the relevance of the data has been identified since the very early work in context–aware ubiquitous systems. Despite of its
importance few works have been carried out to quantify the QoC and ensure the quality of the information on which the decisions and actions of
contextaware systems are based. Moreover, many decision support techniques are insufficient to address the runtime uncertainty in the context
information as they do not assess the QoC in an end–to–end fashion. We formulate the related work into two parts: 1) QoC attributes and modeling
aspects
2) Runtime decision support addressing uncertainty
A. QoC attributes and modeling aspects
QoC attributes and their modeling comes into play to capture the uncertainties in context data. A well designedmodel is a key assessor to the quality of
the context. Krause and Hochstatter [5] discussed the challenges in modeling the
QoC and its usage. Several QoC models emerged but most of the QoC models were not properly quantified according to the
QoC requirements. Castro et al. [6] investigated the accuracy of a location sensing service was compromised. Ranganathan et al. [7] used predicate
and probabilistic logic to assign confidence values from 0 to 1 for every type of context. Dey et al. [1] suggested that mediation with the user can help
to reduce the uncertainty. QoC is modeled as meta–data where additional information about the quality of the context source is utilized to capture the
uncertainty. Krause and

Civil War Feed Quotes
Book Notes #1 1.)"Computers were all outside the body. They carried them around outside of them, in their hands, like if you carried your lungs in a
briefcase and opened it to breathe." (10.2) Analysis: This quote was when Titus saw a few old computers which he thought were weird. This was
meant to show that he was used to not see computers and them being inside his head. Also, it shows that he thinks it would be hard to live without the
feed in his head show. 2.)"That's one of the great things about the feed––which you can be super smart without ever working. Everyone is super smart
now. You can look things up automatic, like science and history, like if you want to know which battles of the Civil War George Washington fought in
and shit." (10.3)... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3.)"Of course, everyone is like, da da da, evil corporations, oh they're so bad, we all say that, and we all know they control everything. I mean, it's not
great, because who knows what evil shit they're up to." (10.6) Analysis: This is showing that the corporation that owns the feed knows everything that
they know which could be a possible problem because that grants them so much power over the people. 4.)"We watched the sea move around. It was
dead, but colorful." (34.1–2) Analysis: Titus saying this about the sea shows that environment that they live in is polluted and not much wildlife is
living anymore. This shows that the earth's ecosystem has degraded over the years. 5.)"The mall was really busy, there were a lot of crowds there.
They were buying all this stuff, like the inflatable houses for their kids, and the dog massagers, and the tooth extensions that people were wearing,"

Internet Is A Global System Of Interconnected Computer...
Internet is a global system of interconnected computer systems. The internet, as we see today, allows low–cost anonymous communication. The
advance in technology has led to faster communications. For example the change of dependency from postal service to much faster e–mails, online
banking, social networking etc. Everything is now at our fingertips. We can now sit at the comfort of our homes and do certain tasks which were
earlier time consuming. Today business has easier global access due toInternet. It is cost–effective and almost all the functions can be automated to
make it easier and faster. Even communication has become cheaper and faster. But as Dr.Leonard Kleinrock stated, these benefits are a perfect
combination to do bad things ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This stage is not yet reached, but the growing needs for more customer–friendly, easily accessible and device–independent technology is pushing these
developments.
He has also expressed his views on Nomadic Computing which means that the Internet would be accessible for all devices anywhere and anytime. The
Internet, at present, is accessible anywhere and anytime, but we are still to work on "all devices" being able to plug–in on the Internet. Internet was
made with the assumption of a fixed desktop usage. Dr. Klienrock expresses his concern about no availability of an IT administrator to look up the
network issues personally when one is on–the–go i.e travelling, which involves switching between networks at different areas. His solution for this
problem is a portable system support administrator for trouble–free internet service on any network that one can connect to and is available
round–the–clock at anyplace for any device.
His vision includes Smart Spaces. As explained by him, Smart Spaces is the concept of bringing cyberspace out of one's machine out in to our
physical world. He foresees the Internet being able to automate everything to make life easier by making all appliances able to communicate to each
other and also to the customer. He says this embedded technology is possible by installing thousands of processors per human which can communicate,
has memory sensors, cameras, microphones,

Context And Imagery Of The Visionary Spirit Of Mark Weiser
Context and Capture in Healthcare
Imagining a glimpse of the future beings with the spark of inspiration rooted in the visionary spirit of Mark Weiser. Despite his short life, Weiser
initiated the beginning of what we know as ubiquitous computing. His transformative notion in the sense of what computing should provide to the
experience of humans has resonated for decades throughout the research community. The bridge between humans and computers and the divide of the
digital and physical world should be seamless. It should fold into and disappear within our everyday activities as Weiser described in his famous 1991
paper [8]. His notion of invisible computing or the act of computing merging and dwelling within everyday activities, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
All three examples intend to show why such concepts are needed for its success.
UbiFit Garden
In order to encourage physical exercise in the generally increasing sedentary lifestyle of many people, researchers from Intel and University of
Washington [6] developed an "on–body sensing, real–time statistical modeling, and a personal, mobile display" in the environment entitled, UbiFit
Garden. The need arose out of users who are planning to incorporate a healthy lifestyle but have not been able to. This system composes three
elements, a fitness device, an interactive application and a glanceable display. The fitness device through multiple types of sensors and inputs such as a
3–d accelerometer, barometer, humidity, visible and infrared light, temperature, microphone and compass is able to automatically conclude the context
of the environment and sense the physical activity the user performed. This information is then transferred to the glanceable display and interactive
application. The success of the application is bound to the Mobile Sensing Platform (MSP) [6] which is a platform for mobile sensing and inference
applications. This pager–sized, battery power platform becomes the medium with which the inputs are sensed. Without this computer, the context of the
environment will not be able to be

10 Years Beyond: The Role of Biomedical Computing in...
10 Years Beyond: The Role of Biomedical Computing in Future Health Care
If one were asked to predict the future of medicine a decade ago, I am certain only the most optimistic of people may have gotten a few predictions
right. The future of health care which is based of countless variables is difficult to predict but one thing is for certain that computation will one of the
most crucial aspects of its progress. Be it diagnosis or treatment computational algorithms are ubiquitous. Advances in electronics and computer science
are immediately being used for betterment of health care and solve its current problems such as high costs, disintegrated care and human errors.
With personal electronics faithfully in keeping the Moore's law ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Health care has already seen the acute reduction in the cost of sampling individual genomes. Following this reduction in cost will inevitably lead to
more scalable technologies for recording and sampling parts of genetic information further enriching the world wide database of information. This will
promote the availability of unique sample cases of genetic anomalies at the disposal of researchers around the world facilitating smoother research in
diseases of a genetic origin. Recent advances in epigenetics are also helping develop a better understanding of how specific genes manifest themselves
in affecting physical characteristics. The scientists will surely look to better manipulate these characteristics.
Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) will likely see more advancements even though the day that CAD systems overrule the judgements of the
physician seem far away. Computer aided diagnosis systems are algorithms are use to mark regions of diagnostic images that might have a specific
abnormality to alert Physicians. These systems use neural networks that learn and improve when provided with more information. A centralized
database of case studies will allow not only more data for CAD programs to base their decision on but also expedite the development of new and
improved programs. Availability of more information will help increase scrutiny on predictions of

Is Society Becoming too Dependent on Computers Essay
The computer has been one of man's most influential inventions, paving the way for greater achievements with time. Today, computers have become an
essential component in fulfilling everyday tasks in both our professional and personal lives. Computers are used to store vast amounts of information,
and even replace humans in factories throughout the world. We must now ask ourselves, is this reliance on computers aiding the human mind in
achieving its full potential or rather replacing it and hindering our progress? Society has now become dependant on computers. How does this machine
affect our youth and learning process? We have invented a machine with a greater, and faster learning capacity as our own. A new generation has risen
that have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many supporters from this group also point out that the computer can be controlled and that computers are only as smart as we allow them to be, by
themselves computers are quite dependant machines. Supporters of the anti–computer usage group state that computers hinder us more than they aid
us. They believe we have invented a machine with a greater and faster learning capacity and soon there may be no need for us humans. Our sense of
creativity and ingenuity is neither needed nor utilized as we can easily use a computer application to achieve those once rare results by that of human
ingenuity. The internet through the use of the computer is now a medium for a number of services, such as online chatting, social sites, and dating.
Interactions between humans have suffered with the use of these services. Those once memorable face–to–face moments have been replaced by a few
clicks of the keyboard and mouse. There are individuals who cannot survive without the computer and in its absence suffer from depression and
anxiety. In factories around the world, there are computers doing the jobs of once hard working men and women. This not only contributes to the
unemployment rate, but also puts us in a position where we must question the need for humans in the work place. Basic daily tasks are now
unnecessarily achieved by the computer and our children are no longer driven to improve on their mental and

Technology And The Internet Of Things
The world of computers is continuously shrinking at a rapid rate. Coincidentally, computing systems, now more than ever are finding themselves
integrated into different aspects of society. From lightbulbs to coffee makers, integrated computing systems are creating a dynamic network of
ubiquitous devices. "The internet of things" is the connection and intercommunication of such ubiquitous computing devices in the physical world
through the internet. Devices in this network spontaneously retrieve and contribute information with one another to improve the quality of life for the
user. Varying greatly from virtual reality, "the internet of things" is a passive augmentation of the human experience rather than a complete removal
from it. Despite the seemingly non–intrusive and benign effects to its users, "the internet of things" has been met with immense criticism. Connected
devices currently active in "the internet of things" have challenged society's current view of privacy, have created the potential for a new source of
dangerous electronic waste, and put people in physical harm. While the movement to ubiquitous computing through "the internet of things" presents the
opportunity to advance society and improve the quality of life, ethical, safety, and environmental concerns should first be addressed before accepting
implementation of this controversial system.
Ethics
Google Now is a personal assistant built into the Android mobile operation system for smartphones.

We Should Not Take Technology And Computer 's Usefulness...
We should not take technology and computer's usefulness for granted. Billions of people use computers every day, yet only a fraction have the patience
to understand what they are doing. Or, the actual consequences of their actions and in turn cause problems for themselves and others. As a result the
same precautions that are made to protect themselves are not applied when using a computer. More people need to treat these computers as tools that
can be used to make our lives and the world better even if the world is changing, for better or worse. As such, people must learn what a computer is
to recognize it, what these computers need to stay maintained, and how, as an individual, people must take control of their technology to bring
themselves into the modern world. Computers are defined in the Webster dictionary as a programmable usually electronic device that can store,
retrieve, and process data. These could be anything from as small as calculators to cabinets the size of buildings. They are well established into the
daily lives of most of the people in the world, if you tried to avoid computers entirely you would find it difficult when your food is packaged with
computers, cars are ran with computers, odds are even your refrigerator has a computer in it. Check your food packaging, most of the time there is a
barcode on it. That means that the package had to be scanned by computers many times before it reached your shelves. Even though computers have

Essay on Hackers- Who Are They? And What Do They Do?
Computer Hackers
Outline
Thesis : Contrary to popular belief, not only do you not have to be smart to be a hacker, you do not even need to know much about computers.
I. Hacking today
A. More like exploration in the 60's and 70's
B. Cannot call themselves hackers
II. Different Types of hackers
A. A hacker defined
B. A cracker defined
C. A phreaker defined
III. You do not have to be intelligent
A. Not like you have seen on television
B. Programs used are highly accessible on the Internet
C. Some start out with trial and error

VIII. Online Legalities
A. Unauthorized access to, or use of a computer
B. Alteration or destruction of data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These individuals are often malicious and have many means at their disposal for breaking into a [computer] system"(Dictionary.com). The third type
is called a phreaker. "A phreaker is a [hacker] who engages in the art ofphreaking" : [frddk–ing phone phreak] Phreaking is the art and science of
cracking the telephone network so as, for example, to make free long–distance phone calls"(Dictionary.com).
You do not have to be intelligent to be a hacker. Movies today depict hackers tapping furiously away at the keyboard. It is made to look like he or
she is typing seventy and eighty words a minute. You are able to see the hacker bypassing passwords and initiating viruses and it seems absolutely
amazing. In real life, hackers do not work this way. They are not like you see them on television. Hackers use programs that are highly accessible
over the Internet. Anyone can download programs and use them as they please. The only thing a person has to do is connect to the Internet and type
in what they are searching for at a search engine prompt, such as "hacker tools." Then, you wait and click on the best matche of the results. After
that, download the program of you choice. Now you have your own set of hacker tools. You do not have to know what the programs do to use them.
A good hacker site tells you what each program is, and what it does. Some hackers start out by using the trial and error method. These types of hackers
are

What Is Ubiquitous Computing ?
What is Ubiquitous Computing ?
What is ubiquitous computing? An exciting new approach to serving us with technology? Or the environment where the virtuality will became the
reality? Let's try to give the definition of ubiquitous computing, its development, including the key people and places influencing its development, and
finally some concerns raised by this new approach for putting technology and people together.
Already, one name has been reoccurring when talking about ubiquitous computing: Mark Weiser. In 1991 Mark Weiser thought of as the founder of
what we now term ubiquitous computing, wrote an article for Scientific American entitled "The Computer for the 21st Century". In it, Weiser describes
the multiple computers in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But now current technology will not meet the demands of ubiquitous computing. Using current technology it is not possible to simply move
information from place to place. This lack of data creates a huge cost on the information technology industry. A large amount of time is spent by
developers changing the format of data: the lists of formats are endless. Our vision is based on the idea that a concept has a minimal size of binary
data. This minimal format should be the format used to record and exchange information between applications and across networks. It should be the
format which can be moved between systems and software easily, securely and simply. Whether we think of physics, chemistry or biology the contrast
is the same; these sciences are driven by the urge to understand and ours by the urge to build.
I consider that applications of ubiquitous computing in such a areas as Urban environment to systematically design environments that unite physical
architecture with ubiquitous technologies as human computer interaction В– service directory , attention management , ubiquitous healthcare –
warning people of their problems and gathering data for research, automating highway , to study monitoring and control of private vehicles on a
public highway, with particular reference to efficiency of road use and to safety, will be very useful to our world.
So, as we aim to create new systems that

The Theory, The Principle Architecture, And The Mechanisms
With the rapid development of ubiquitous computing technologies, the concept, the principle architecture, and the mechanisms behind decision support
systems evolve significantly. Ubiquitous support systems operate in an environment that proactively assists people in their daily lives under changing
circumstances. In such a dynamic situation, what might be a good decision in one scenario, could be an awful one for another scenario. As such, the
best decision usually depends on the current situation. The major challenge that such ubiquitous systems face is being aware of the impact of their
decisions and actions over time so that they can reason about the outcomes of their actions and learn from their mistakes as humans do. Context [1] is
defined as any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity, where an entity can be an object, place or person relevant to the
current scope of the system. Context data drives the decisions and actions in an ubiquitous environment. Making well–informed decisions is a key to
reduce the risk of negative outcomes. For instance, in healthcare applications, it is crucial to have high confidence in the quality of the information
upon which decisions are based. However, the Quality of Context (QoC) can highly affect the decision outcomes of the system. As context can be
inherently ambiguous, we need certain attributes that signify the adequacy or degree of suitability of the context data. This degree of suitability is

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