Refugee Crisis In America

Refugee Crisis In America
Answer:
In the dreaded times that of ours, the world is confronted with multilateral conflicts ranging from Crimea to Syria, civil wars in Sudan to terrorism in
Nigeria and Iraq, to Saudi military intervention in Yemen to Climatic refugee exodus in South Asia and Latin America. The nature of therefugee crisis
is complex and unprecedented in the history of mankind.
I. Nature of the present refugee crisis and How it is different from past refugee exodus, both in nature and magnitude.
Article 1 of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugee, as amended by the 1967 Protocol, defines a refugee as:
"A person who owing to a well–founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social ... Show
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With economic backlash, unemployment and inflation adding to the populist polarization against accepting refugees to their countries, USA has deter
from its pioneering role in the crisis mitigation with the Trump administration enforcing a selective ban on Muslims travelling to USA and scaling
down refugee assistance programme. A frontline country like Germany under the leadership of Angela Markel is also weighing down its prospects after
measuring the political sentiments in the country with the upcoming elections kept in the mind. Europe cannot go on responding to this crisis with a
piecemeal or incremental approach way beneath their full
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Australia's Legal Obligation to Refugees and Asylum Seekers
Australia has a legal obligation towards asylum seekers and refugees.
Australia has a legal obligation towards Asylum Seekers and Refugees as it is a signatory to the UN Human Rights and Refugee Conventions.
Furthermore, Australia has a moral obligation based on its membership of the world community.
"Australia is one of the 146 signatory countries to the United Nations 1951 Convention and or/ 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees".
(Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, 2009)
According to Australian Human Rights Commission an asylum seeker is someone who has fled their country and applies to the government of another
country for protection as a refugee, (Australian Human Rights Commision, 2012) whereas a person is a refugee the ... Show more content on
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(Human Rights Law Centre, 2011). It is stated that immigration detention is not used to punish people, but instead it is administrative function
whereby those people do not have a valid visa were detained and assessed and if proven to be legal they have a rights to stay and if not they will be
immediately removed from the country. The concern is to reconcile what the requirements of the UN and those of the Migration Act. As at 30 of April
2012 a total of 6716 people were detained in Immigration detaining centres and 1019 of them are children that are parentless. An individual can be
detained for a few days, months or even longer. (Department of Immigration and Citizenship, 2011)
In May 2004 the then immigration spokesperson, now Prime Minster Julia Gillard, said that 'Labor will end the so – called Pacific Solution– the
processing and detaining of Asylum seekers on Pacific islands– because it is costly, unsustainable and wrong as a matter of principle'. Back then Labor
party closed down the Nauru centre and processed all asylum seekers onshore and at Christmas Island. And now the Labor Party is implementing the
pacific solution again and it is also known that unaccompanied children and minors are being sent offshore to process their papers. With the new
legislation and new

Refugee Policy Paper
Introduction
In this policy paper, I will be focusing on refugees and the laws, policies, and programs that affect them. As I analyze these policies I will compare
policies from various countries, that have been created to achieve similar goals. Many countries accept refugees and have adopted and/or created laws
to regulate them. The three countries that I will be analyzing are the United States of America, Germany, and Turkey. These three countries are unique
in their characteristics and geographic locations but all face the same risks and circumstances as it relates to refugees.
A refugee is characterized by the United Nations (1958) as someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war,
violence. A refugee... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The International Protection Procedure (IPP) is the official refugee resettlement program in Turkey. It is operated within Turkey under 'The Law on
Foreigners and International Protection (LFIP)'. The process for refugee to become legal normally take 6 months to complete. The process happens in
the following order: application is submitted to Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM), registration, personal interview, International
Protection (IP) status granted. Or, you may be eligible to have your application to be processed through the accelerated process.
This process is much shorter in processing time. Once submitting your initial application to Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM),
applicant can expect to receive a personal interview within 3 days, and receive International Protection (IP) status within 5 days of personal interview.
Comparing

Subsection 198A Sample Essay
On the 25th of July 2011, the Arrangement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Malaysia on Transfer and Resettlement was
ratified. To augment this, the "Operational guidelines to support transfers and resettlement" was published. Permitting the Minister for Immigration and
Citizenship to announce that asylum seekers could be handed over from Australia to Malaysia liable to the 'Instrument of Declaration of Malaysia as a
Declared Country under subsection 198A(3) of the Migration Act 1958'. Nonetheless, the key legal concern raised by the plaintiffs was that however
the Malaysian Arrangement was augmented by the coinciding Operational Guidelines, the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship declaration of
Malaysia as a third country to which "offshore entry persons" can be withdrawn from, was concluded as invalid.
In order to make a lawful declaration under subsection 198A(3) of the Migration Act allowing for a third country to be added; the High Court reached
the conclusion that it had to of comply with the set criteria in subsection 198A(3)(a)(i)–(iv). Fundamentally, the criteria explicates that the country must
provide protection for persons seeking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the account that it was not obliged under international law to provide those protections to asylum seekers. Nor did its domestic law legislate the
specifications itemised in the Migration Act that the High Court contended to rater than –pre–arranged assumptions. In particular, the arrangement did
not necessitate for Malaysia to ratify any international law obligations; significant on the account that Malaysia had not yet signed either the Refugee
Convention or moreover additionally recognised human rights treaties inclusive of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or

The Issue Of Asylum Seekers
While the issue of asylum seekers has mainly challenged Australia's political power and resources, the debate is mostly ethical and putting human
dignity first is integral. Whilst both political parties have very similar policies in regards to the topical issues, which are in essence going partially
against the Church's stance and human dignity. Australia has the economy, land, low population and living style to support more asylum seekers
/refugees, especially when we have a ranking of 48 in the world on the scale of how many refugees we currently have accepted.
With both political parties having fairly similar opinions on the refugee situation, only having slight differences, only a few differences separate the
two, with labor wanting to increase the refugee intake per year to almost double of what the coalition currently has in place which is 13,750 and labor
plan to raise it up to 27,000. (Australian Labor Party) Also labor also plans to reinstate the UN's refugee convention, which Abbott is currently
undermining, which is technically international law. In one way this breach of international law Abbot has broken is refusing to take refugees that has
been allocated to Australia by the UN, for it is overstepping the coalitions humanitarian intake policy. Also labor will work to implement a system to
release the children from off shore and on shore detention centres. As well as cutting down the time it takes for an asylum seeker going through the
process to become a

Should Lgbt + Americans Have Refugees In Canada
Should we offer LGBT+ Americans refugee status in Canada?
When we think of refugees entering Canada, we picture people from war torn countries fleeing persecution from their homeland to lead a better life
here. With this image in mind, it is unsurprising that Canada does not typically accept refugees from the United States. The U.S. is considered a safe
country, according to our refugee guidelines, and is on the list of designated countries of origin in which the minister of immigration has deemed should
not be producing refugees. However, there is a group of Americans who share some of the same concerns held by those who meet our criteria of what
a refugee is. While the US has made progress in their protection of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, queer, two–spirited and other sexual minorities
(LGBT+) under the latest presidency of Barack Obama, there are still laws that exist (or do not exist) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Currently, LGBT+ people from countries not designated safe, qualify for status under the convention refugee definition as being members of a
particular social group who have a well–founded fear of persecution, as defined in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. While LGBT+
Americans are treated much better than their counterparts in countries where homosexuality is illegal, the danger of persecution still exists in some
states.
One example of persecution is the legal subjection to conversion therapy. Sometimes referred to as reparative therapy, or Sexual Orientation Change
Efforts, conversion therapy historically used extreme measures such as institutionalization, castration, and electroconvulsive shock therapy in an effort
to change a person's sexual orientation. Today, some counselors still use physical treatments like aversive conditioning. While less extreme than some
methods used in the past, this method is still void of any scientific validity (The Lies and Dangers of "Conversion

Asylum Seekers In Australia
The asylum seeker "debate" is a contentious topic in Australian media. According to The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is considered an
inherent right for every individual worldwide, "to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution" (United Nations, 2014). Article 14 is
listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is accepted by many nations as the international standard of basic human rights and
liberties. This report will assess the extent of Australia's violation of these international standards, and consider their national approach to the treatment
of refugees and individuals seeking asylum. It will provide evidence to expose the inconsistencies in Australia's human rights commitments under
international ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently the Australian Government has the legal requirements to ensure that the human rights of individuals seeking asylum (engaging under the
countries jurisdiction) are respected and protected, under their obligation to numerous international treaties . These treaties specify the right to not be
detained arbitrarily. Additionally, as a signatory party to theRefugee Convention, Australia has agreed to a principle known as the principle of
non–refoulement , whereby they are obligated to ensure that asylum seekers, who fulfil the definition of a refugee, are not turned back to their origin
country where their liberties are threatened (Refugee Council of Australia, 2011).
Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment (CAT) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Australia must not to return people or send people to third
countries where they would face a violation of their human rights; applying to both refugees and non–refugees (Australian Human Rights Commission,
2014, para. 2). Again Australia has been found guilty of contradicting

Why America Should Accept More Refugees
There are also legal reasons why countries such as the United States of America should accept more refugees. The article "Armed Conflict and Forced
Migration: A Systemic Approach to International Humanitarian Law, Refugee Law, and Human Rights Law" by Vincent Chetail states that
"humanitarian law and refugee law appear to be relatively indifferent to the specific needs of refugees in war, from war and in post war contexts."
Due to this lack in the ability of humanitarian law and refugee law to provide what is necessary for refugees fleeing conflict, international human
rights law must instead pick up the slack and therefore must be respected and known by lawyers assisting refugees. Despite the differences between the
different types of law,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Citizens' also fear that refugees might take their jobs, but research says that unemployment doesn't increase and that the presence of refugees can
actually generate jobs and increase wages. Citizens' may also fear tax increases due to the financial burden of supporting refugees, but in countries such
as Turkey, this burden has been shown to be sustainable. Even given this information, taking in a large influx of refugees would not be easy, but
thriving and stable countries would be able to handle the burden. There are numerous other articles that support this position as well, such as Alexander
Betts, Louise Bloom, Josiah Kaplan, and Naohiko Omata's article "Refugee Economies: Rethinking Popular Assumptions." The article examines many
popular myths about refugees such as the assumptions that refugees are economically isolated, a burden, economically homogenous, technologically
illiterate, and dependent. As for the first assumption, they found that rather than being economically isolated, refugees participate in the global
economy. They found similar results when it came to determining the validity of every myth. Refugees enrich economies rather than deplete them, are
economically diverse, are technologically capable, and are able to be self–reliant. The goal is

Zaire and Rwanda Essay
The refugee massacre that occurred in the years between 1994 and 1996 in Zaire demonstrates a worst–case–scenario of refugee camp militarization. It
is by no means a typical case of refugee warriorism, however, it does exemplify an opportunity structure that fosters an environment conducive for
militarization. The massacre of refugees in Zaire stems from the Rwandan genocide of 1994 which witnessed the deaths of 200,000 to 1 million ethnic
Tutsi and moderate Hutu.2 The conflict ended in the victory of the ethnic– Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and the defeat of the ethnic–Hutu
Forces ArmГ©es Rwandaises (FAR). Consequently, 1.72–2.1 million Hutu refugees fled the country into Burundi, Zaire, Tanzania, and Uganda.3 Dr.
Emizet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They forced refugees back in to Rwanda by gun–point and cut off access to food.8 By May 1997, aid workers discovered that the majority of the refugee
camps had completely emptied and finally after the AFDL took Kinshasa, it gave the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) sixty
days to repatriate any remaining (surviving) Hutu refugees.9
Tanzania and Rwanda Like Zaire, Tanzania was severely affected by huge population influxes stemming from the situation in Rwanda. Prior the
major influx in the 1990s from Rwanda and Burundi, Tanzania had an open door policy towards refugees and was a haven for asylum seekers.10
President Julius Nyerere not only encouraged an open door policy, but he also encouraged refugee warrior movements against colonial regimes. He
saw refugees as vital sources of labour and also as freedom fighters. However, this changed following the end of Nyerere's reign and refugees were
subsequently re–categorized from freedom fighters to threats to Tanzania's insecurity. This policy shift partly results from the scope of the crisis
(Tanzania was hosting 85% more refugees in 1994 than it was the previous year)11, economic and political restructuring of the government and a
revamped security–first attitude from the

The For International Refugee Law
In order for International refugee law to function and satisfactorily benefit the people it has challenged state sovereignty in some aspects. Regardless of
the enforcement laws signatory states have been able to keep authority over the flow of refugees individually keeping their territorial supremacy. In my
opinion refugee law has not challenged the principle of state sovereignty enough as some people still seem to fall within the cracks and are not
afforded protection. States are still refusing to to give a little of their power away in order to protect human rights. This essay is going to be discussing
the 1951 convention, internally displaced persons and the concept of non–refoulement in relation to the protection for forced migrants. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A prime example of the how restricted the definition is the case of Shah and Islam. The court felt that women as a social is a too big a group. They
narrowed the group to women, that are married and allegedly committed adultery and said that they are a social group. 'the concept of social group is a
general one and its meaning cannot be confined to those...which the framers of the Convention may have had in mind'. Some argued that the court in
this case are trying to broaden the threshold however it seems that they are further restricting it. Examples like these show that the threshold is high and
it doesn 't seem like the courts are considering broadening it any time soon.
The definition is already restrictive and it goes further saying even if they satisfy the conditions in the definition under section 1A, they can still lose
the refugee status or even be denied it under sections 1C–1F.
1F is the main provision that has the exclusion from refugee status. Though the provision clearly states "serious reasons for considering" we are not
sure how each state would view that. There are two contrasting cases on this. One being the case of Cruz v Minister of Employment and Immigration,
where the member of Mexican army who was involved in mass massacres was granted asylum in Canada. On the other hand the case of T v Secretary
of State

The Issue Of Asylum Seekers Has Been Considered As One
The issue of Asylum seekers has been considered as one of the controversial issues in Australia due to the implementation of the Federal governments'
harsh and stringent policy against boat refugees, who flee from their countries because of violence or persecution. It is stated that this hard line
approach aims to curb the influx of illegal immigrants thereby making Australian Immigration System credible and strong (Anderson & Iggulden
2016). According to Refugee Convention 1954, Australia, a signatory under United Nation(UN) Refugee Agency, is regarded as one of the generous
country in dealing with the protection and rights of refugees and has created a meritorious history of accepting asylum seekers from all over the world
(Refugee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Besides this, it also meant to analyze and scrutinize people whether they are following an orderly queue or not (Cox 2015).
However, it is argued that that as one of the signatories of the Refugee Convention to the United Nation (UN), Australia has a moral obligation to
protect the human rights of all asylum seekers, despite the reasons for their arrival and whether they arrive with or without a valid visa (Australian
Human Rights Commission 2015). Hence it is clear that being a signatory of Refugee Convention Laws, the opposition has a legal commitment to
guarantee the safety of asylum seekers. Another point worth noting is that when compared to the resettlement of refugees in Australia (57,362) to other
countries, the top10 countries hosting refugees were in third world countries ; Turkey (2.5 million), Pakistan(1.6 million) ,Lebanon(1.1 million)and the
remaining countries were in Africa. It is noticeable that, the resettled refugees accounted for about.99% of the global total of 14 million people and
Australia has ranked 26th overall and 46th in terms of GDP (ABC News 2016).
Some people believe that asylum seekers are jumping out of the queue to come to Australia to seek asylum. However, it is truly a misconception that
the people seeking asylum are queue jumpers. It is necessary to point that there is no orderly 'queue' to the resettlement of refugees. Only a

I Want To Become An Immigrant
I am an Eritrean national who was born and grew up in Eritrea. My parents are from poor background. I have five siblings (Two sisters and three
brothers).
I started education at the age of five and continued till I graduated with a BA degree in Eritrea. Unfortunately, due to well–founded fear of persecution I
escaped Eritrea to Sudan illegally. More precisely, I refused to become a victim of the evil treatment by the regime in Eritrea. Saying even a word
against the government in Eritrea, however, is considered as a grave crime in the eyes of the tyrant regime. Consequently, I was arrested, detained,
interrogated and badly treated in prison. Luckily, I escaped the country illegally to save my life using a narrow chance to run away.
After ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Admittedly, the connotation of the word refugee in itself tortured me for years since I left my country. My ambition to pursue higher education and
prepare myself for advanced research has been damaged because of my status as a refugee. When I came to the UK, I started to believe that hope
contents me. I applied for postgraduate studies at SOAS University of London to study a taught MA degree in the course of Migration and Diaspora
Studies as mentioned above. Besides, I also applied for refugee scholarship. Thanks to SOAS university of London, I got admission to study and
scholarship for the course.
Following the admission process and offer of refugee scholarship, I found myself in a position where I cannot afford accommodation and living
costs in London. To be more explicit, I had to pay $5000 to release my 17 years old sister from nasty human traffickers in the Sudan. This means I
paid all the money I saved for my accommodation and living cost working as a support worker to human traffickers to release my sister. On the other
hand, this was a threat to my lifelong ambitions of continuing

Canada's Immigration System Act
On June 28, 2012, the Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act (Bill C–31) took effect. This act was put in place to bring further reforms to the
asylum system, add measures to address human smuggling, and add the requirement to include biometric data as part of a temporary resident visa,
work permit, and study permit application. These changes were claimed to help the system to function better, cut down wait time, make the process
faster, screen applicants better, and to prevent needless complications. This resulted in many changes toCanada's asylum system. There were four
changes made to the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB). The first change was replacing the Basis of Claim (BOC) form with the
Personal Information Form (PIF). This change meant that people who make a refugee claim at an office in Canada must submit a completed BOC
during their eligibility interview. If they made a refugee claim at a port of entry then they must submit their BOC to the IRB no later than 15 days
after their claim is referred to the IRB. Another change made was that the hearings at the (IRB) would be conducted by public servant decision–makers
rather than people appointed by the Governor in Council (GIC). Also, hearings for most claimants would be held no later than 60 days after the
refugee claim is referred to the IRB. And finally, for claimants from designated countries of origin, their hearings would be held no later than 45 days
after referral to the IRB for those who

Essentialist Theory Of The Queer Theory
sexuality often impacts the success of claims made by bi–sexual refugees. The author argues that this dominant understanding jettisons complex
subjective positions and disregards varying realities. The refugee determination system misinterprets and misidentifies the lived experiences of bisexual
claimants because of this knowledge, further disadvantaging this group of refugees. Rehaag observes that individuals seeking asylum on the basis of
oppression for their bisexual tendencies have significantly higher rejection rates compared to other claimants.
To investigate this assertion, Rehaag uses the queer theory as the main theoretical framework. According to Rehaag, the Queer theory is an
interdisciplinary medium that examines the complex interactions between sexuality and gender, and conceptualizes such views of sexual orientation as
"essentialist." The essentialist view dichotomizes individuals as being either straight or gay on the basis of early childhood psychological factors or
biological traits. Consequently, this essentialist argument comprehends sexual orientation as unchangeable and inflexible. Essentialists may, in selected
instances, acknowledge groups beyond gay and straight, such as transgendered and bisexual individuals. Queer theorists reject the essentialist view
arguing that these categories are not inflexible. Rather, these categories are regularly recreated through socio–historical patterns or structured social
exchanges. Consequently, the queer theory

A Brief Note On The United States And Non Governmental...
1 LITERATURE REVIEW
Local refugee resettlement agencies like New American Pathways assist newly arrived refugees in restarting their live in Atlanta, Georgia. In order to
provide for newly arrived refugees New American Pathways has to rely on State funded resources. Even though refugee
resettlement agencies like New American Pathways are non–governmental organizations. they still rely heavily on State government funding. In this
Literature review I examine the history of refugee policy, how this history produced the relationship between the States and non–governmental
organizations (NGOs), and how the State enacts its power through NGOs. Through my internship at New American Pathways I explore the relationship
dynamics between the State and non–governmental organizations as well as how State control is experienced on a local resettlement agency in Atlanta,
Georgia.
1.1 History
After the violence and destruction of the First World War a massive displacement of people occurred, spurring on international discussions about
displaced people. This migration of displaced people caused the first refugee legislation by the United States in 1948, The Displaced Person Act of
1948. This act helped admit displaced person fleeing from Europe (Klein 2011). The 1951 convention on the Status of Refugees created an
international definition and legal status for refugees, holding nation states' accountability for displaced people (Enekwe 2013). Most scholars when
referencing

Are Refugees Deserve To Be An Immigrant Or Refugee?
Definition of refugee, asylum seeker and migrant
Refugees are peopling fleeing armed conflicts or persecution. There were 19,5 million of them worldwide at the end of 2014 according to UNHCR.
Their situation is so perilous that they cross national borders to seek safety in nearby countries and become recognized as refugees with access to
assistance from states and aid organizations .An important piece of this is that refugees are protected by international law, specifically the 1951Refugee
Convention.
An asylum seeker is someone who claims to be a refugee but whose claim hasn't been evaluated. This person would have applied for asylum on the
grounds that returning to his or her country would lead to persecution on account of race, religion, nationality or political beliefs. Someone is an
asylum seeker for so long as their application is pending. So not every asylum seeker will be recognized as a refugee, but every refugee is initially
an asylum seeker. I would like to also note that many asylum seekers are in fact economic migrants who hope to secure entry into the EU by claiming
asylum. A migrant is a person that chooses to move not because of a direct threat or persecution but mainly to improve his life. Some of the reasons
may be education (College, University ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But then again, confusion exists when it comes to tell them apart. Back to Europe and the large numbers of people arriving by boat in Greece, Italy
and elsewhere. Are they refugees or are they migrants? The truth is they are a mix of both. "Refugees and migrants" is probably the best way to refer
to movements of people by sea or in other circumstances where both groups may be present. As other reports point out, some migrants face extreme
conditions at home, such as natural disasters that have coerced them to

Essay On American Refugees
The United States has been a refuge for many people from other countries since the early 1900's. Many Americans do not know the difference
between a refugee, an asylum seeker, and an immigrant. Over the years, different associations, agencies, official acts and laws have come into
existence to limit who can be awarded the title of refugee. Rules and regulations have become the most confusing part of coming to the United States if
a person is seeking refuge. This paper will explore the history of the American refugee and the laws, regulations, and associations that aide or hinder
their status.
What is the Difference between a Refugee, and Asylum Seeker, and an Immigrant?
In the United States, a refugee is defined as a person that is outside of the United States and is seeking refuge from persecution based on their race,
nationality, religious beliefs, social group or political opinion. Refugees can be excluded from being awarded refugee status for polygamy,
health–related issues, moral and criminal and security grounds. They could also be excluded for misrepresentation of facts on visa applications,
smuggling and previous deportations. A person seeking asylum, is a person that has already entered the United States by using a visa or illegally
entering and is seeking the same protection under the same ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also determines from which country they can be from. Currently, the Immigration and Naturalization Act (INA) governs our current immigration
policy and provides a limit of 675,000 permanent immigrants, with special exceptions for close family members. Immigration and refugee status is
based upon whether it is possible to reunite a family, whether the immigrant or refugee has a special skill that would be valuable to the United States
economy, protection for the refugee, and promoting

Suresh V Canada Case Summary
"Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution."
Through out the world and over the centuries, societies have welcomed frightened, weary strangers, the victims of persecution and violence. This
humanitarian tradition of offering sanctuary is often now played on the television screens across the globe as war and large–scale persecution produce
millions of refugees and internally displaced persons. At the start of 21st century, protecting refugees means maintaining solidarity with the worlds
most threatened, while finding answers tot eh challenges confronting the international system that was created to do just that.
Securing refugees is fundamentally the duty of States. All through its 50–year history, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the famous case of Suresh v Canada, Suresh was a Sri Lankan born Tamil. He first came to Canada in the year 1990 and made a refugee claim based
on fear of persecution by the Sri Lankan government. He was also the supporter of the Tamil tigers (a listed terrorist organization) and had done some
fundraising for them in the past. Minister of immigration filed a certificate under s.40.1 of the immigration act saying that Suresh was inadmissible to
Canada on security grounds. Suresh was confined the next day. The certificate was mentioned to the Federal Court for determination of whether it was
rational, and the court approve the Ministers decision. He was given a deportation hearing, and the board held that while Suresh was not
straightforward involved in terrorism, his membership in a terrorist group was adequate grounds for extradition. Under s. 53(1)(b), the Minister gave
notice to Suresh that she was considering issuing an judgement that she well–thought–out him to be a danger to the safety of Canada, which would
permit the Minister to extradite him despite the risk of torture. Accordingly, Suresh submitted composed and narrative proof on this theme. A migration
officer, Gautier, considered Suresh's entries, and found that permitting Suresh to stay in Canada would "run counter to Canada's duties to battle against

Social Work Personal Statement
The bulk of my experience working with refugees and displaced persons comes from my time working in the Kachin Statement of Myanmar. As
described above, I did various education and community development work in a serious of refugee and internationally displaced camps (IDP) on
the border of China and Myanmar. I have also done work with displaced persons in Morocco when I studied abroad in my internship at a local
nonprofit that provided courses and basic life necessities for displaced persons. Finally, I have experience working with asylum seekers during my
field placement at Bronx Legal Services and in my work as an advisory board member of my undergraduate university's alternative break program, most
notably spending a week in Immokalee, Florida aiding in connecting asylum seekers to community resources.
As a social worker and public health student and professional, I am dedicated to a future working with refugee and displaced populations. I have
focused much of my coursework in my dual degree program at Mailman School of Public Health on refugee and displaced populations. However, with
the exception doing some case management at Bronx Legal Services, much of my work with refugee populations was not in a social work capacity and
was not always fully informed by social work practice and techniques that address power, privilege and oppression. I hope to build upon the
coursework I have taken relating to refugees and displaced persons in the fields of public affairs, public

Operation Sovereign Borders
This report is directly concerned with the Australian Government's policies under 'Operation Sovereign Borders,' its 'Regional Resettlement
Arrangement' with Papua New Guinea (PNG), and the 'Memorandum of Understanding' with the Republic of Nauru, which remove, lesbian, gay,
bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) irregular maritime arrivals to countries where their fundamental reason for seeking asylum – persecution
on grounds relating to their sexual orientation and/or gender identity – is sufficient cause for further persecution, and even criminal sanction, in the
recipient country. This report reveals that by transferring LGBTI asylum seekers to countries which intend to persecute them on the same grounds for
which they originally sought asylum, Australia is breaching its international human rights obligations by directly undermining the principle of
non–refoulement .
To address these concerns and ensure that the rights of LGBTI asylum seekers are protected, the Commission recommends that the Australian
Government adopt an on–shore processing solution for irregular maritime arrivals. Due to the vulnerable position of sexual minorities in detention, the
Commission also urges the Government to implement community detention arrangements for all LGBTI asylum seekers awaiting refugee status
determination's (RSD). In addition, increased opportunities for judicial review following negative RSD's, improved independent monitoring, the
development of guidelines on LGBTI

Case Study: Rohingya Refugees
Case Study: Rohingya Refugees
Rohingya is Muslim minority communities that located in the North of Western Arakan, Burma. They are referred to as neither people that is nor a
country and not recognized full citizenship by Myanmar government. They are different with other ethnic groups, whether nationality was recognized
by Myanmar government. Rohingya ethnic is regarded as temporary residents and are not getting rights of full citizenship. Rohingya ethnic also
experienced religious persecution that it is almost impossible for them to get repair or renovation permits of the mosque construction.
The Muslim Rohingya been misery started in 1978 because of junta military, as a result thousands of people chose being refugees in the some
neighbour countries. It was so pathetic to see them went out from their origin place and become refugees. They go to Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia,
and parts of others took refuge on the Myanmar border. Junta military has not only intimidated them, but also mocking them as Muslim to the Buddhist
Rakhine. The military junta also asked the Myanmar people to hostile the Muslim Rohingya ethnic. The movement was successful and Rohingya face
the discrimination by the democracy movement of Myanmar. Rakhine ethnic and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rohingya is constantly being oppressed ethnic and not recognized as part of a recognized ethnic in Myanmar. Whereas, based on historical records, as
their ethnic has resided in Arakan since the seventh century. Long before the state ofBurma or Myanmar stand in 1948. Principal issues of Rohingya
also concern in many other problems that has been there, such as the land distribution (agrarian), ethnic discrimination where there are more than
hundreds ethnic group in Myanmar that admit based on the sense of likes and dislikes the political government, and brought to many fields. One of the
most important things is the problem of Rohignya ethnic history of

Human Rights : International Organization, Flexible...
Thesis: Millions of Syrian refugees are being hunted and displaced from their homes, while the majority of the world closes their blinds from this
present day massacre. Resolving the Syrian refugee crisis is a complex and daunting task, but the future of their lives rest in the palms of our hands and
it is our moral obligation to interfere and aid the innocent.
Article #1
Goldenziel, Jill I. "Regulating Human Rights: International Organizations, Flexible Standards, and International Refugee Law." Chicago Journal of
International Law 14.2 (2014): 453–92. ProQuest. Web. 5 Apr. 2016.
In "Regulating Human Rights: International Organizations, Flexible Standards, and International Refugee Law," Jill Goldenziel discusses possible
solutions in further improving how refugees are currently handled. Currently there are international laws and treaties which enforce numerous details.
This includes who can qualify as a refugee, how they can legally become considered a refugee, and which rights they will obtain after they pass all
the hoops and ladders and "gain" their refugee status. All of these laws, treaties, and proceedings are typically handled by the UNHCR (United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees). The UNHCR essentially acts as a middle man between these laws and the countries who fund them (i.e. the U.S.,
E.U., etc.) and those countries who infringe upon human rights (Goldenziel 453–92).
Goldenziel points out flaws in how the refugee crisis is handled and suggests

Pros And Disadvantages Of Asylum
I.Asylum is granted only in cases of political offences and not to common criminals.
II.Asylum is granted in accordance with the laws and usages of the state of refuge, and it is for the latter to appreciate whether the offence committed
by the refugee is a political offence or a common crime.
III.The territorial state may request the departure of the refugee from its territory and the state of refuge may then require the former state to deliver a
safe conduct enabling the refugee to leave the country safely.
IV.The state which granted asylum sometimes, with the same end in view, requests that a safe
–conduct be issued to refugee.
3. Caracas Convention (1954): The decision of the International Court Haya de la Torre led to some dissatisfaction among Latin–American countries.
As such a conference was convened at Caracas in 1954, which drew up an Inter–American Convention on Diplomatic asylum. The Convention
established the controlling rights of the asylum granting state to categorize the nature of offences for which the fugitive's arrest is sought, and to
decide upon the urgency of the circumstances ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Asylum on Humanitarian grounds: Asylum in a foreign embassy or legation is a subject which affords a good illustration of the change and
development of the rules of international law. In modern times, it is asserted, the right to asylum, if it were generally recognized, would tend to
constitute an abuse. It would interfere with good government. The practice of asylum is 'even looked on with a tolerant eye' and the personnel of a
foreign legation are not very glad to use this right. To the diplomatic agent concerned the practice is nothing but a burden. But the practice is defended
on humanitarian grounds. Motives of humanity exclude a rigid refusal to receive a man who may be in peril of his life, but the general rule now is to
limit the reception of such political refugees to cases where the person received is in instant or imminent personal

Causes And Disadvantages Of Refugees
According to UNHCR (2017a), there are, currently, 22.5 million of refugees in the world. Comparing to the world population reported in United
Nations (2017), it can be calculated as three refugees in every 1,000 people. Nowadays, most of the people who have escaped from their own
countries are Syrian. Since 2011, the beginning of Syrian civil war, total registered Syrian refugees are 17.5 million people (UNHCR, 2017b). From
the UNHCR database, most of them are living in neighbouring countries such as Lebanon and Turkey. Some of them seek asylum in developed
countries, particularly in Europe. Germany is the European country that holds the largest Syrian refugee population, accounting for approximately 0.8
million (UNHCR, 2017b). The large population of refugee can affect to economy, environment, society, and politics. Some people say that new coming
refugees can fulfil labour market and establish the multicultural societies which motivate international trade. However, the host nations will not benefit
from refugees due to the needs of high cost of management for labour force preparation and risk of social conflict caused by cultural difference.
Accepting refugees for work forces need a large amount of the budget for refugees' workforce preparation and not every country can support the cost.
This is because the budget needed for refugees as workforce's preparation is high, due to spending for teaching courses (such as language, working
skills, and social norm), as well as

Effectiveness Of The United States And Canada 's Polices...
Effectiveness of the United States and Canada's Polices Towards Refugees
Has United States or Canada been more effective with implementing and abiding by refugee rules and laws? Before discussing and comparing which
of these countries had been more successful, the historical context of refugees needs to be explored. Although refugees have existed throughout the
course of history, the definitions of what a refuge is had shifted and evolved over time. The League of Nations in the 1920s defined refugees "by
categories, specifically in relation to their country of origin." Up until 1950s, the League of Nations, which later became the United Nations,
"established and dismantled several international institutions devoted to refugees in Europe." After World War II, creating and facilitating solutions for
refugees were of high importance internationally. This is evident in the first session of United Nations General Assembly in 1946 when it adopted the
principle that no refugee who had "expressed valid objections to returning to their countries [sic] of origin ... shall be compelled to return."
Additionally, the United Nations in 1947 established the International Refugee Organization (IRO), a specialized temporary agency aimed at
handling the displacement of refugees after the conclusion World War II. A refugee was by the IRO defined as a person who was "a victim of state
intolerance" or was a "genuinely motivated political dissident." Since the IRO was established as a

Essay on The World Largest Minority: People with...
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that between 10 to 15 percent of the world's population, or approximately1 billion people, live
with disabilities, making people with disabilities the world's largest minority (WHO 2011, WRC 2008, UN 2012). Among the millions of refugees
living in camps are a large number of people with disabilities. It is estimated that between 4.5 and 6.8 million of the world's 45.2 million forcibly
displaced persons also live with disabilities. Among displaced persons who have fled civil conflict, war or natural disasters, the number with
disabilities may be even higher (WRC 2008, UN 2012). Yet persons with disabilities remain among the most hidden, neglected and socially excluded
of all displaced people... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As of April 2014, the Convention has 158 Signatories, 145 parties and has been ratified by over 100 countries the fastest take up of any international
rights based mechanism ( UNCRPD 2014). Don Mackay, chairman of the Committee that negotiated the treaty states that "what the Convention
endeavors to do, is to elaborate in detail the rights of persons with disabilities and set out a code of implementation" (CRPD, UN 2006 WEB). The
CRPD clearly and unconditionally states that people with disabilities have equal access and the right to the full and active enjoyment of all human
rights– the removal of barriers explicitly termed as a condition for access and the enjoyment of equality (pg 13 UNCRPD Schulze). This is a
considerable step towards equal rights for people living with a disability, but how does this directly affect refugees and asylum seekers with disabilities?
One of the first questions that parties to the CRPD raised during its drafting, was whether it actually applies to refugees at all. Some suggested that
obligations owed in the CRPD could only be applied to nationals. They cited that in some countries, the social and economic environments could make
it difficult to support the needs of nationals with disabilities, let alone those of stateless refugees and asylum seekers often arriving in large numbers.
Underlying this position was the view that refugees and asylum

Refugees From The United States
Refugees in the United States go through the struggles of not being able to communicate in an effective way because of the language barrier. This
barrier makes it harder on them to be able to get a job, attend school and success academically. This also gives them the feeling of being the "others,"
as well as a loss of their dignity and culture. Although, refugees go through steps to be able to find a place, where they can call home, but their
struggles is what holding them from having a good life and an easy life. Consequently, refugees have valuable characteristics, such as: education,
language, job, religion, health and owing a home. As a foreigner, their struggle is exasperated since many of their valuable characteristics are now
liabilities in a different land compounded with new and daunting cultural differences. Refugees have a multitude of steps to take in the resettlement
process. The following steps, explained by US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. After leaving their home country, therefugee registers with the
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This agency makes sure that the individual qualifies as a refugee under international law.
Once qualified, one of several agencies can refer the refugee to the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP). The agencies that can refer refugees
to this program are the UNHCR, the Uniuted States Embassy or one of the authorized non–governmental organizations (NGO).
The next step is that the regional

Refugee Migration Is The Negligence And Violation Of Human...
It is said that the leading explanation of refugee migration is the negligence and violation of human rights. Considering the connection between the two,
one can question the way a country or state defines what a refugee is. The extent of refugee law and human rights law speaks to the most unmistakable
contrast between the two branches of universal law. While human rights are pertinent to each individual, the advantage of refugee status relies upon the
recognition of a proposed classification of secured people. . In some cases, refugees are withheld or returned to where their lives, freedom and safety
are vulnerable. Within the last two decades, the number of refugees in the world has increased seventy–five percent. If all of the refugees in the world
were to make up their own country, the forcibly uprooted would make up the twenty–first largest country in the world. The latest increase in numbers
derives from the conflict within the Syrian Arab republic, making up more than half the number of refugees in 2015. The United States has been a
historic figure in opening its doors to those in need of a secure home. Even though the United States is considered a world–leading example to other
countries, there are countries today like Germany that have closed their borders to refugees, specifically from Syrian refugees. Japan is known for
being more resistant to refugees due to weak relationships with refugee home countries whereas Germany has obtained a more positive reputation

The Role Of Refugees According To The 1951 Refugee Convention
According to the 1951 Refugee Convention, states have the obligation to accept and protect refugees (REFERENCE). This indicated that so long
individuals fit the definition of refugee status, states are compelled to accept and protect them. Unfortunately, that does not seem to be the case on a
global level. According to international law, more specifically the 1951Refugee Convention, refugees are to be taken in and are to be provided
housing, education, and other services in their host country (REFERENCE). Beyond the acceptance of refugees, states should also be invested in the
integration of refugees into the host society. In recent history, the humanitarian disasters that have happened in across the Middle East, Africa, and
parts of Asia have caused the total upheaval of many lives from living under the protection of the roofs of their homes to leaving many displaced.
A refugee is defined as someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country origin, owing to a well–founded fear of being persecuted for
reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion (1951 Refugee Convention, 3). The Universal
Declaration of Human Rights 1948 recognizes the right of persons to seek asylum from persecution in other countries. The United Nations Convention
relating to the Status of Refugees adopted in 1951 is the centerpiece of international refugee protection today (1951 Refugee Convention, 2). The
amount of states willing to

Is Australia's Effective United Nations?
"If Australia wants an effective United Nations, we have to be comprehensively, not marginally, engaged." Kevin Rudd. This is a statement made by
the former Prime Minister of Australia. It highlights the fact that while Australia is involved with the UN we are not fully engaged with what they are
trying to do. This is shown in our disregard for the laws set forth by them. How can Australia be an asset to the UN Security Council if they can't
follow the laws as part of the general assembly.
The United Nations is a vessel to keep the peace, they work to prevent conflicts, step in and help parties in conflict to make peace; peacekeeping; and
creating the conditions to allow peace. The UN security council has the primary responsibility for the aforementioned. They are the division of the UN
that is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. There are fifteen members and each member has one vote, and under the charter,
all Member States are obligated to comply with the council's decisions (The United Nations, n.d.). The United Nations along with the security council
was formed in 1945, leaders of 50 nations met in San Francisco with representatives of non–government organizations. It took place at the end of the
second world war to prevent that type of widespread destruction, they formed the United Nations. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The
The United Nations approach on the treatment of refugees is as follows. the Convention relating to the status of Refugees 1967 Protocol defines who a
refugee is and explains what Rights countries should afford to refugees. A refugee is a person who is outside of their own country and is unable or
unwilling to return due to a well–founded fear of being persecuted because of their; race, religion, nationality, membership of a group or political

Governments Enact Laws Governing Refugee And Asylum...
Governments enact laws governing refugee and asylum seekers based on political factors. Ties between the country of origin and the country of
asylum, national security and current event are some of the factors that cause governments to enact laws for political reasons. As a result, countries
will use certain criteria to accept different flows of refuges that will foster a policy of discrimination. Policies enacted for political reasons do not
always reflect the social climate of the country, but more times than not the social factors and the political factors are aligned with the same ideologies.
Using the country of origin in the evaluation process is the most conventional method of identifying ties between countries of origin and the country
of asylum, acknowledge national security threats as well as deal with current events. Every application process requires applicants to state their
country of origin. "Close political links between the governments of a country of possible asylum and the country of origin make people afraid to ask
for asylum in the relevant country of destination" (Havinga and Bocker, 1999). Applicants know that the friendship between the two countries is bound
to result in a denial of asylum. The country of asylum would not want to embarrass the country of origin. In the countries that a friendship is evident,
asylum is almost certainly denied because a "bestowal of refugee status upon asylum seekers implies that the sending government persecutes its

Who Is A Refugee?
In his article Who is a Refugee?, Shacknove (1985) attempts to define what it means to be an actual "refugee." Shacknove (1985) begins by presenting
the UN and the OAU's distinctly varying definitions of who a refugee is and what circumstances constitute refugee status. More specifically, the
universally accepted concept of refugeehood, according to the OAU, entails a severed bond between state and citizen. Moreover, when this relationship
ceases to exist, persecution and alienation follows, which stems the flow of basic needs and, in turn, pushes the citizen to seek refuge across
international lines. However, Shacknove (1985) challenges this conception, as he argues that persecution and alienation should be considered sufficient
conditions, but not necessary conditions, for the disconnect between the state and citizen that would cause a person to be defined as a refugee.
Furthermore, as briefly noted above, Shacknove (1985) does not consider persecution to be a necessary condition to refugeehood simply because the
term "persecution" only takes into account a government that is exploitative, and that fails to protect its citizens. Nevertheless, the term "persecution"
does not take into account a state in which a government does not exist at all. Shacknove (1985) assumes that a lack of government would result in the
basic needs of a citizen to not be met. Along with persecution, Shacknove (1985) explains that although alienage is often cited as a basis for
refugeehood, he

Canada 's Immigration System Lacks Heart
Canada's immigration system lacks heart, critics say, is an article filled with professional opinions and debates. These debates and opinions are
regarding the humanitarian and compassionate side of immigration and refugee law in Canada. The article's main purpose is to expose how Canada
has changed its compassion for acceptance of refugees in recent years. Canada has always been recognized as an accepting and "go–to" country in
crisis. However, in recent years, there have been changes. Refugee legislation has become extremely strict, qualifications for refugees have become
unfair, and limitations regarding what Canada offers refugees have been set. There is always going to be opposing opinions regarding the compassion
Canada has towards refugees. However, in the article, Peter Harder, a man who has dealt with the legality of immigration from 1987 to date, believes
Canada lacks compassion for refugees. Peter believes Canada does not contain "heart" when it comes to refugees because of the increase in deportation,
the extreme conditions attached to refugee status, and the unfair qualification testing.
WORDS/PHRASES
This article contains many phrases that relate to Canada's rapidly dissolving compassionate reputation. Although some refugees still think of Canada as
a "place of safety and asylum" , those refugees may change their opinion after "Cuts to refugee health care. Changes to rules for refugee applications. A
bill to deport permanent residents convicted of criminal

The Importance Of Social Work For Refugees And Asylum Seekers
Social Workers have a duty, professionally and morally to support refugee children and asylum seekers.
Social workers have a professional and moral duty to ensure that services are provided to those who most need it. The duty that Social workers have
toward Refugees and asylum seekers, particularly children is strong but not often met. People's wellbeing is a key ideal within social work and is
strongly represented within the Care Act 2014, the earlier Children's Act 2004 is also clear on the protection of children's rights in the UK. In the
essay there will be a discussion on how in some areas the statute is not strong enough to allow Social Workers to work properly, but also how there
needs to be changes regarding social work focus on refugees.
Recently, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) has campaigns to help reform the UK's current law on family. The law only recognises parents or
spouses and civil partners as family. A childrefugee may have an older sibling, or more extended family such as an uncle but they would not be
allowed into the country under the Family Reunion rules. The dangers for children trying to reach family in the UK are high and it leaves them at
risk of exploitation, 78% of adolescents face some form of exploitation whilst travelling the Central Mediterranean route to Europe, UNICEF (2017).
Social Workers have a duty here to protest the UK's laws, and the decision of the Government not to join the EU's relocation scheme for Refugees.
They did

Introduction . The Formation Of A Nation-State Has Created
Introduction
The formation of a nation–state has created binary categories of those who belong (citizens) and those who do not belong ('aliens') to the state.
Complex socio–economic and geopolitical boundaries including territorial boundaries divide the citizens from 'aliens', and the state exercises sovereign
power to protect the privileges of the former (Hayter, 2004). On the other hand, forced displacement is counterproductive to the notion of the state as a
selective 'container' (Koser, 2003). For various reasons, states, policymakers, international bodies, institutions and local governors put displaced people
into categories such as refugees, economic migrants, returnees, Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and others (Reed, 2012). ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In doing so, the essay synthesises a range of migration and international relations literature.
Evolution of the international refugee protection regime
In the aftermath of the WWII and the beginning of the Cold War tensions, the UNHCR began its mandate of addressing the issues of refugees as
defined by the 1951 Geneva Convention with thirty–three staff and a $30,000 budget (Feller, 2001:131). Reflecting post–colonial European hegemonic
structure and ignoring the upheavals of decolonisation in the 'Third World,' geographic and temporal limitations were embedded within the
definition of a refugee. The convention recognises persons displaced before the first of January 1951 within the European geographical region
(Nygh, 2000 and Loescher et al., 2008). Thus, the mandate of the UNHCR was apparently limited to the protection of refugees displaced before the
drafting of the 1951 Geneva Convention and only within Europe. At this time, because of the strategic aims of the Cold War period and demand for
labour, "refugees were welcomed noncitizens in many [European] countries" (Feller, 2001:129). In other words, the refugee regime was designed to
provide geopolitical and economic responses to mass displacement due to Nazism and communism. After more than a decade and a half of this
Eurocentric approach, the geographic and temporal limitations of the 1951 Geneva Convention were lifted by the 1967 protocol (Betts, 2010). By
removing the

A Collection Of Experiences, Skills And Knowledge Gained...
*
A collection of experiences, skills and knowledge gained during an international law internship in
Cambodia
7 December 2014– 20 February 2015
by
Sabrina Caldalano
*
On 7th December 2014 I undertook an 11–week internship in Cambodia with the Jesuit Refugee Service. The internship was arranged through
Macquarie University's Participation and Community Engagement (PACE) program, and undertaken for academic credit as part of the Bachelor of
Laws study program.
Australian Volunteers International (AVI) partnered with PACE to offer logistical assistance and student training. Pre and post departure training
involved modules such as working ethically in developing countries, building cultural sensitivity, and developing self–care practices. In–country
training modules included Cambodia's history, current political and social movements, and law and governance in Cambodia. Weekly Khmer language
lessons were also undertaken while in Cambodia.
The internship was offered to twelve law students who demonstrated academic competency and a broad range of personal attributes including
interpersonal and communication skills, commitment to teamwork, cultural sensitivity, leadership, personal drive and motivation. The internship was
predominately based in Phnom Penh, and involved travel to Siam Reap, Battambang, and Ratanakiri provinces.
This portfolio documents the work undertaken and knowledge gained while conducting legal research at the Jesuit Refugee Service. It

Persuasive Essay On Refugee Crisis
The world is experiencing it's "worst refugee crisis since World War II" (The Worst Crisis You've Never Heard Of). Refugees, along with having to
leave their possessions and family behind in their usually war–torn or violent country, face many additional issues that are cause for the concern.
Despite the United Nations' best efforts, refugee camps are not equipped with the sufficient amount of food, medical care, and shelter for the thousands
of people that pour into them everyday. With that in mind, many refugees are undernourished, sick, and generally hopeless. The continuing refugee
crisis has also posed a unique issue for countries all around the world: not only does it bring about humanitarian concerns in individuals, but the
ever–increasing flow of refugees cannot be kept up with and has the potential to harm other country's economy and population. Similar refugee crises
due to conflicts in countries like Palestine, Germany, Vietnam, Sudan, Afghanistan, Rwanda, and Myanmar have been handled, but recent
displacements are even more difficult for countries to deal with. However, countries that accept refugees serve as examples for the best possible
solution to the crisis: aiding refugees, not fearing them. A massive issue, like that of the refugee crisis, is the outcome of many different events. Since
the end of World War II, there has been a significant buildup of refugees. People have been pouring out of countries such as Palestine, Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia,

A Brief Note On The Syrian Refugee Crisis
Our lives are ruled by technology, most of the adults from generation Y and Z start their day the same way: by checking social media. You may
have noticed the term "Aleppo" trending frequently as of lately. If you asked yourself 'what is Aleppo?' then you asked the same question that Gary
Johnson repeated out loud. On September 8th, 2016 Gary Johnson was on MSNBC's ' Morning Joe', and was asked " If you were elected, what would
you do about Aleppo?" his response: "Aleppo? And what is Aleppo?"
I wanna talk about the Syrian refugee crisis going on around the world but lets begin with an old saying by Joseph Stalin. "When one man dies that's
a tragedy, when thousands die that's a statistic." Large numbers can feel cold and distant and even kind of comforting because they don 't feel like
people, and I think that's the reason much of the world was able to ignore the years old Syrian refugee crisis until recently. But then after thousands of
refugees died this year trying to get to Europe, one three year old boy washed ashore in Turkey. His name was Aylan Kurdi and he drowned with his
five year old brother and his mom trying to get to Greece. His father Abdullah has now returned to Syria to bury his wife and children and when
offered the opportunity to resettle in another country Abdullah said, "Now I don 't want anything. What was precious is gone." To talk about the
refugee crisis we need statistics but let us not forget what is precious. In the past 5.5 years there has been

Importance Of Human Rights In Nauru
2.Human rights are rights essential to all human being's welfare, whatever their nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, skin
colour, religion, language, or any other status. Every human is equally entitled to human rights without discrimination or question. These rights are all
interrelated, interdependent and indivisible. Universal human rights are often in correlation to the law, in the forms of agreements, customary
international law, general principles and other sources of international law. International human rights law lays down the requirements of Governments
to act in certain ways or how not to act in certain ways that breach human rights. This is all put into place in order to promote and protect human rights
and simply, freedom of individuals or groups. Human rights include civil and political rights, this includes the right to life, liberty and freedom of
expression; as well as social, cultural and economic rights including the right to participate in culture, the right to food, and the right to work and
receive an education. In Australia, where asylum seekers are detained on Nauru for processing, there has been much debate about whether this
involuntary detention violates human rights, in which many cases the United Nations has stated it does.
Nauru, the world's smallest republic, is a small oval shaped coral island; it is located just 25 miles south of the Equator. Nauru is commonly known as
the 'Australian ground refugee island',

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