The Foundations Of Modernist Approaches

The Foundations Of Modernist Approaches
CIAM and the foundations of modernist approaches to urbanism
In 1928 the CongrГЁs International d 'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) was formed in order to unify and define certain manifestos of how modernism
would be translated to architecture, urbanism, and habitat. CIAM sought to organize the ideas of modern architecture and formalize these thoughts to
shape political, economic, and ecological theories. A series of conferences was held with leading architects, theorists, and planners to create and define
a certain aesthetic and philosophy for architectural and urbanistic ideals.
The first three conferences were held from 1928–30 and were engaged with topics ranging from an introduction to CIAM, land development, and
dwelling. Much of the discussion was about architectural topics and principles and it was not until the fourth conference when the foray into urban
planning began. The figurehead and leader of the CIAM conferences was Le Corbusier, who before the conferences had begun to delve into using
tenents of modernism to create a better urban living condition, or habitat.
Early approaches to urbanism: Ville Contemporaine & Ville Radieuse
Before CIAM IV, Le Corbusier had already experimented with different typologies and designs in order to better define the city. Two of his projects
that sought to change the fundamental nature of street and building type were his Ville Radieuse and the Ville Contemporaine.
Both projects rejected the notion of the street being the public
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Modernism Vs. Modernist Modernism
In the past five weeks, we have covered a great deal of material in this course. I remember my first day coming to class, I had to check my schedule
multiple times to ensure that I was in the correct place. After spending hours of my morning in back–to–back philosophy courses, medieval and
20th–century, I was convinced that I had somehow walked into another philosophy class rather than English. However, as it turns out, I was in the right
place. It also turns out that I did know very much about modernism or literary modernism. I soon discovered that modernist literature is greatly rooted
in the philosophical movement of modernism that took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This was a movement that centered on
the heightened awareness of the self. The atrocities and shock factors of World War I greatly contributed to the development of modernist thought.
There began a significant focus on the self–conscious. For example, the stream of consciousness novel became a frequently used form of literature. In
fact, James Joyce had a stream of consciousness tendency. Also, noteworthy thinkers such asKarl Marx and Sigmeud Freud played important roles in
this time. Therefore, we discussed some of their more important works in class. For instance, you cannot study Marx ' thought without mentioning The
Communist Manifesto. Similarly, Freud cannot be mentioned without his Outline of Psychoanalysis. Marx and Freud, after World War I, began to
question the

The Meaning Perceptions Of The Modernist Movement
"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.'' Everyone has their own personal fears but despite the differences in what we fear, we all collectively
share one thing. The fear. The dread. And the uncertainty. Even long after the great war was long ended, there was always a sense of uncertainty
amongst the people. Doubt and distrust of what is to come feeling betrayed by the governments that overpowered them. This lead to the Modernism
Movement, a movement entirely powered by the fear of a next war, driven by the innermost feeling of uncertainty and doubt. The Modernist
movement, occurring between the 1920's and 1960's, attempted to change existing perceptions of reality as well as undermine and disregard grand
narratives such as religion... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He gives a cynical and pessimistic overview of the damage to humanity from society, which renders ourselves meaningless and hollow in personality. As
per most Modernist texts, ''The Hollow Men'' is very fragmented in structure, representing the concerns of inner consciousness as well as providing a
realistic perception of Elliot's despair for humanity. This is especially demonstrated through the final two lines, ''This is the way the world ends, not
with a bang but a whimper'' where unlike traditional poems which end cataclysmically and dramatically, Elliot ends the poem quietly, realistically
implying humanity's demise. The poem lacks explanations, making it hard to follow, and this intentional obscurity further reflects the uncertainty of
the mid–1920's where life is seen as hard to interpret and having many different

Essay about The Power of Horace McCoyвЂ™s They Shoot...
The Power of Horace McCoy's They Shoot Horses, Don't They?
Professor's Comment: The premise of this essay is to highlight the capacity of Noir literature to defy Modernist values and pioneer later avant–garde
literary movements. This student produced a focused, organized, well supported essay.
Nearly half a century has passed since most films and texts in the Noir tradition were created, yet one may wonder how much is really known about
these popular American products. Scholars remain fascinated by many aspects of Film Noir, yet it appears that its fictional precursors (such as the
texts of Cain, McCoy and Hammett) may have been too quickly ignored within the canon. Many have enthusiastically studied, for example, Film Noir's
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In its commitment to entropy and semi–nihilistic sense of an ending, They Shoot Horses, Don't They? expresses Post–Modern themes of chaos and
anarchy, and critiques of Modernist (a) meta–narrative, (b) idealism and (c) abstract theorizing.
In order to discuss such reiteration and negation of Modernist themes in the novel, a brief discussion of Modernism is necessary. The term 'Modernism'
refers to the drastic shift in aesthetic and cultural values of art and literature following the First World War. The movement marked a noticeable break
from the ordered, stable and inherently 'meaningful' texts of the nineteenth century and from Victorian optimism, instead presenting a profoundly
pessimistic picture of society. In literature, Modernism became synonymous with the works of Eliot, Joyce, Woolf, Yeats, Pound and Stein, among
others. Recognizing the failure of language to ever fully communicate meaning ("That's not it at all, that's not what I meant at all" laments Eliot's
Prufrock), the Modernists were usually more concerned with an exploration of form than the development of content. In doing so, it established a new
fragmented, non–chronological style of poetic narration and form. Modernism's acclaimed emphasis on formal experimentation, however, was also the
source of its derision: the movement was

Rhetorical Analysis Of Ezra Pound 's His Philosophy And...
Ezra Pound was one of the most famous and influential figures in the Modernist literature movement. "Make it new" was his philosophy and the
rallying cry for Modernist literature. Whilst the Modernists tried to capture the new by a "persistent experimentalism", it rejected the traditional
(Victorian and Edwardian) framework of narrative, description, and rational exposition in poetry and prose" . Modernist literature not only rejected the
old in terms of form, but also in subject matter– Modernism began to focus more on the self, on the internal dialogue. Whilst Post–Modernism is much
harder to define, one thing that is prolific in Postmodern literature is the re–working and imitation of the past in the form of parody and pastiche. What
I find interesting is that whilst Modernist were driven by the desire to create something new, they were mostly benighted traditionalists that were
reacting to the change around them. The Postmodernists however, were not lamenting change but using literature in a way that hoped to stimulate it. I
am going to look at this with a specific focus on The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot and The Crying Lot of 49 by Thomas Pynchon.
Of course neither Modernist Literature nor Postmodernist literature existed in a vacuum. They were both parts of wider movements as a whole– The
Modernist movement and the Postmodernist movement. The Modernist period occurred during a time of great change– rapid industrialisation and new
media which "disrupted the class

I Too Literary Devices
According to the wise words of James Baldwin, "the nature of society is to create, among its citizens, an illusion of safety; but it is also absolutely true
that the safety is always necessarily an allusion." He also claims that "artists are here to disturb the peace," and the writers of the modernist era truly
embody Baldwin's expectations. The primary goal of the modernist movement is to invalidate the conventions that govern society even though such
conventions are simply "arbitrary and fragile human constructions" (14). Some modernists sought to rectify the injustices in society through their
writings, particularly writers who wished to illustrate that not only is racism immoral, but the concept of race itself is a societal construct. Though...
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The poem is written from the perspective of an African American man oppressed by racism, but it does not clarify if the speaker is enslaved or
free. Hughes's decision not to characterize the speaker's status enables his black audience to relate to the hopeful message regardless of their
social status or even the time period. The speaker's tone is positive, for he declares that he too "is America" (18), and he can "sing" (1) of his
patriotism and enjoy his rights as a citizen. Not only does the speaker claim the right to be patriotic, he seems to truly love America even though he
is told to "eat in the kitchen" (13) because he is the "darker brother" (2). The speaker being told to eat in the kitchen can be perceived as an allusion
to segregation. Hughes asserts that a society is no longer plagued with racism is in the future, as the speaker states, "Tomorrow,/ I'll be at the table
/ When company comes" (8–10). There is evidence of intertextuality between Hughes's poem "I, Too" and Walt Whitman's "Song of Myself", as
Hughes is stirred by the white poets that preceded him and asserts that the black population is a valuable part of American society. Another instance of
intertextuality is the shared patriotic elements in "America" by McKay and "I, Too", though those elements were more subtle in McKay's

The Characteristics Of A Modernist Poetry
Modernist poetry took place in the early 20th century; it is the change of making creative writing new with its drastic change in the practice of
concepts, subject and styles of literature. The term 'Modernism' came up out of expressing personal emotions and imagination with the memories of the
poet. It is really important in the modernist perspective to focus on intellectual statement of the poem rather than the language to be flowery. Gone are
the days where poetry was to be written in beauty; because modern poetry puts freedom in the choices of themes "The essential advantage of a poet
is not to have a beautiful world with which to deal: it is to be able to see beneath both beauty and ugliness: to see the boredom and the horror and the
glory."(Eliot, T. S, nd) Modernist poetry does convey a meaningful, social or political message and to prove this statement we have to look at the
characteristics of a modernist poetry.
The narration through fragmented or multiple perspective/ viewpoints is present. In the earlier poems we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers by Langston Hughes as it depicts History of Slavery and Freedom by telling the story of each rivers where
the blacks were being enslaved. Euphrates, Congo, Nile and Mississippi were all symbolism in the poem of how they were treated. There is a
historical reference to Abraham Lincoln going to New Orleans which also tells us about when he first saw slavery and reminds us that he was the one
who fought against slavery.
If modernist poetry were to be too abstract to convey any meaningful message then we wouldn't be calling this poem as a modernist poem. All the fine
points sum up to the conclusion that Modernist poetry conveys meaning in its own beauty. The fact that there is an absence of rhyme scheme and no
proper structure that should be in a poem doesn't hinder its meaning which we ought to

Yeats Through A Modernist Lens. The Modernist View Of Poetry
Yeats through a Modernist Lens The modernist view of poetry is most often compounded through depictions of unparalleled chaos, fragmentation, and
disjuncture from the poetic self and society as a whole. In William Butler Yeats' poetry, he embodies these defining perspectives by his representation
of society within concepts of decay. More specifically, Yeats' poems "Leda and the Swan" and "The Second Coming" epitomize the poetic techniques
that define modernist views of poetry. In essence, these two poems compile deviations from previously established poetic ideals and, in their place,
create a disseverance between the poet, speaker, society, and audience.
In "Leda and the Swan", Yeats compounds the oppositional elements ofmodernism into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast, Yeats' inverted modernist version of the standing tradition invokes a sense of terror and disgust. For example, where in Shakespeare's
sonnet 18, the poet uses diction such as "lovely" and "darling", Yeats' "Leda and the Swan" incorporates terms like "terrified", "brute" and
"staggering". This explicit opposition points to Yeats as a modernist figure; that is, Yeats' use of form as a means to create conflicts within the poem
highlights the most basic depictions of modernism, conveying a sense of fragmentation of society.
Also in "Leda and the Swan" Yeats conveys a sense of modernism through a connection between the the concept of denaturalization of language and
imagery. Denaturalization of language is the idea in the modernist period that words are no longer effective in expressing the intended meaning;
language, instead of revealing meaning, only further conceals it. In this way, words no longer mean what they originally meant, which essentially
aimed to disassemble previous poetic techniques that mirror the breakdown of society following the first World War. In stanza one, the swan's "great
wings" are "beating still". Already, a certain ambiguity is introduced into the poem's atmosphere. "Beating" seems to suggest movement, whereas "still"
suggests the exact opposite. This paradoxical juxtaposition sets an eerie and distressing tone for the rest of the poem. It creates a precedent of

Sexual Revolution In James Joyce's 'Encounter'
Conceptual cross–traffic between religious, scientific, and sociocultural principles spurred a Modernist revolution characterized by its focus upon
restoring individual autonomy, emancipation from structure, and self–expressionism. As a byproduct of Modernism, a sexual revolution was borne
that, while still embodying the Modernist ideology, was more tightly centered upon a revalorization and acceptance of individualism and deviancy in
sexuality. James Joyce, a modernist of this revolutionary era, uses the plot of his short story 'Encounter' as an analogous, satirical critique of the
Christian perspective on the progression of the Modernist sexual revolution. Joyce's 'Encounter' creates the first parallel with the Modernist sexual
revolution in the character Joe Dillon. Joe is an older neighborhood boy who inspires and incites a 'deviant' interest in cowboy games and magazines in
his band of young schoolmate followers. Though the narrator, one of Joe's young followers, sees "nothing wrong" with the cowboy games and
magazines, Joe's treatment of the games–"played only [when Joe's] parents went to eight–o'clock mass"–and the magazines–"circulated secretly around
[Catholic] school"–denominates a conception of the games as deviant and counter–religious (10–11). Even though–and likely because–Joe has
characterized these games as deviant, the boys continue to play; even if the games and magazines are as harmless as the narrator suggests, Joe's
treatment of the conceptualized

The Influence Of The Modern Period In British And Irish...
The modernist period in British and Irish literature was one of the most important and exciting times in literary history. The term modernist stemmed
from the beginning of the 20th century labelled the modern period. The modern period was a time of confusion and transitions, mostly due to the
result of people returning from World War I. The modern period was an era of massive unemployment and technological changes. Freud, Jung, and
Marx were redefining human identity, Assembly lines and factories were being introduced, and gender differences were starting to crumble. The
modern period was a time of change, and the field of Literature was no exception. Susan Gorsky, in her book titled Virginia Woolf, states that " Virginia
Woolf perhaps... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Poetry, Drama, and fiction were subjected to intensive scrutiny and extensive redefinition, producing some of the most unusual and often difficult
literary creations in English: Eliot's Wasteland, Yeat's Plays for Dancers, and the fiction of Joyce and Lawrence is some examples.Modernist literature
reflects in it's structure as well as in it's content the overturning of tradition; the instances upon new design produced plays and stories without plots or
recognizably human characters, poems without rhyme or meter"(16, 17). The Modernist author was able to identify with their audience by creating
stories that not only asked important questions, but also got under the reader's skin. In George Orwell's essay titled Inside the Whale, he addresses the
fact that James Joyce's Ulysses is remarkable due to the fact of its "commonplaceness of its material." (Inside The Whale and Other Essays, 11). The
reader is able to put themselves in the characters shoes, the characters are very three dimensional, and like modern life their stories are not so much
like a fairy tales, as they are of everyday life. The character Joyce creates in Ulysses enters many different states of consciousness, dream states,
drunkenness.... demonstrating the ability modern literature has in relating the ideas of consciousness, in a way that the reader would be able to
identify with. Orwell goes further to say that Ulysses was filled with a "Whole

Winter Dreams, By F. Scott Fitzgerald
"Winter Dreams" follows perfectly along with the characteristics of the Modernist movement, which is one of the many reasons it should be added into
the syllabus. F. Scott Fitzgerald explores a common Modernist theme, isolation and uncertainty, within "Winter Dreams" by using a descriptive style.
This descriptive style is a contrast to the literary works of Sherwood Anderson, known for his simple prose, and Ernest Hemingway, known for his
journalist style. Fitzgerald uses beautiful imagery within his works to create Modernist themes. Within "Winter Dreams", Fitzgerald combines different
techniques to switch back and forth between descriptive imagery and straightforward dialogue and description. Modernism "represents the
transformation of traditional

The American Modernist Artist
Remember "The American Modernist" Artist
Mostly known for his corporate logos, Paul Rand revolutionized the world of Graphic Design, whom he claimed himself as a "self–taught" artist, as
his bio on the Paul Rand site would mention. Paul Rand, at a very young age, always knew he wanted to be an artist because he knew with being an
Orthodox Jew and painting signs for his father, he would venture out creating more "signs" and developing his own logos in the world of Graphic
Design. He was known and will always be known as "The American Modernist" Artist by his site, books and fellow artists.
According to a Britannica article, "Rand assimilated the philosophy and visual vocabulary of European art and design, in particular that of the Bauhaus,

Primordial and Modernist Schooling
Primordial school Primordial school and modernist school are two very important main streams in identity study. Especially, in the national identity
study, both of them have involved the study of nationalism and have a very unlike view of it. And they are often highly debated of the origins of
nations and their identity. The root of primordial school is originally based on the German romanticism and it mainly argues how those fixed factors
influence in identity shape process. Those factors are constantly stable throughout the history and hardly changed. The factors have been passed on to
generations and constructing the identity of people who lives in nowadays. For example, language is one of these elements. Language is unique and
distinct from other ones. People who speak this language will have their own identity and formed a special group which makes them different from
other language speaking groups. And in primordial school idea, same language speaking group will result in similar thought. Because of people learn
language from the community where they live and each community will has its thought or behavior. These will transmit to people who learn that
language. Therefore, for primordial school language is one of the key elements in identity shaping. Another pivotal and principle factor for shaping
identity is the kinship. Primordial school argues that people joining into groups by their blood or genetic relationship with each other. Family members
will gather and

The Modernist Movement In Architecture
Modernism is a concept in architecture adopted by many architects as a code of practice. The utmost important philosophy in architecture and design
spanning the 20th century. It corresponds to a systematic approach to the fundamentals of architectural design. The theory that the design should
primarily focus upon its intended function or purpose. Thus rejecting ornamentation or decorative detailing whilst embracing minimalism.These
elements defined this ideology of 'form follows function' or 'less is more', resulting in a minimalistic design view defining the classification of
modernism. The dominant movement in architecture and design of 20th century continuing as a style for institutional and corporate buildings into the
21st. Modernism also encompasses numerous movements, schools of design, and architectural styles, such as Futurism, Constructivism, De Stijl and
Bauhaus.
"Form (ever) follows function" – A term coined by Louis Sullivan a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright.
Technological advancements in society, regarding construction materials and methods particularly,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1919, Gropius took over direction of both 'Weimar School of Arts and Crafts' and the 'Academy of Fine Arts' in the same city. His vision was
expressed when he unified both into a single institute, founding 'Bauhaus of Weimar' commonly known as Bauhaus, a design school of art &
architecture in Weimar. Encouraging the production of functional yet artistic objects for the masses, rather than one–off pieces for the wealthy. Gropius
provided not only a school of excellence with the best possible tutors, the faculty included Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Theo van Doesburg, Lyonel
Feininger, LГЎszlГі Moholy–Nagy, Johannes Itten but also a centre for the avant–garde, a catalyst for experimentation of new design ideas, styles and

The Role Of Modernism In Conrad Vs. Richardson
Conrad vs. Richardson: The Fight for the New Woman
Modernism emerged onto the literature scene with many purposes, one of which being the experimentation with normative ideals in literature. The
emergence of modernism in the western world arrives at a pivotal time during the women's rights movement (Ross 25). Dorothy Richardson's The
Tunnel, the fourth book in a thirteen book series titled Pilgrimage, is an influential and early feminist novel for its date of publication of 1918.
Miriam Henderson, the protagonist of this novel leads a life completely independent from the financial and social stability that a man may bring to a
marriage. Though Miriam experiences a certain level of tumult towards her role in society as a new woman, Richardson provides the entirety of the
novel for Miriam's growth and agency of her own life. Joseph Conrad, a prominent author during the modernist period, claims in his Author's Note that
his novel The Secret Agent is "telling Winnie Verloc's story" (Conrad 36), despite Mr. Verloc's self
–proclaimed nature as a 'secret agent'. Conrad's
attempts at creating a feminist and modernist image of Winnie are shadowed by the constant presence of a man behind her actions. Conrad's use of
repetition of the words 'free woman' in the text falsifies this claim even further. If the purpose of modernist literature is to break conventions of the past
such as gender ideals of women in marriage, why do The Tunnel and The Secret Agent differ so wildly in their

Essay On In Just By E. Duboism
For centuries, the majority of literature was written with similar language, form, and style; however, between 1914 and 1965, the Modernist movement
began to break traditional literary values. As World War I commenced, major transformations within Western society occurred due to shifting cultural
values and trends. Many Americans began to feel as if traditional literature and culture were becoming obsolete in an increasingly modernized world.
Therefore, many sectors of American life began to transition to encompass Modernist attributes, including art and literature. From these changes in
culture arose Modernism, which is both a philosophical and literary movement. Modernism is broadly defined as a break from convention and
tradition. The ideas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, many Modernist poets strive for originality by utilizing fragmentation, which reflects the "stream of consciousness" within the mind. One
of the most notable Modernist poets is E.E. Cummings who applies Modernist attributes throughout his poems "in Just–" and "O sweet spontaneous"
by breaking conventional poetic bounds through form, typography, diction, and grammar. The first noteworthy Modernist attribute within "in Just" and
"O sweet spontaneous" is the break from traditional poetic form. In fact, the majority of Cummings' works are not orderly at all. Before Modernism
emerged, poems were characterized by fixed form, including formal stanzas and regular line lengths. While some of Cummings' poems convey
conventional characteristics, the majority of them utilize free verse. For example, at first glance, "O sweet spontaneous" seems as if it is broken up
into traditional stanzas. Yet, after analyzing the poem, it becomes apparent that both the form and ideas presented reflect pure spontaneity, much like
the earth during spring. Additionally, in "in Just–," the first section of the

Clement Greenberg "Modernist Painting"
Clement Greenberg, "Modernist Painting" In his text entitled "Modernist Painting", Greenberg focuses on the development of painting between the
14th and 19th century and emphasizes on what distinguishes Modernist painting from previous forms of painting, particularly those of the Old
Masters. Greenberg begins by relating Modernist art to Kantian philosophy claiming that, the same way Kant used reason in order to examine the
limits of reason, Modernist art is when art became self critical because it uses the technique of art to draw attention to its status as art. Indeed, he
explains how without this self–examination similar to that of Kant's reflection on Philosophy, art would've been "assimilated to [...] therapy" like
religion, because... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An Old Master's painting provides for the viewer the possibility of being part of the space created as an illusion of depth by the painters, and this in
itself characterizes how these painters found their own different way of challenging painting compared to what it previously used to be, by breaking the
limits of painting defined by the medium. And on the contrary, Modernist paintings focusing on the flatness of the pictorial plane give the viewer the
possibility to travel through the painting "only with the eye" (experienced by Manet and Impressionist painters). But, Greenberg insists that being
self–critical doesn't suggest that leading painting into the extreme abstraction is the answer to Modernist painting (he gives the example of Kandinsky
and Mondrian). Taking following extreme cases of abstraction, when speaking of Pollock's work such as his "Autumn Rhythm" (1950), we realize how
the visual formed is fully based on science and gravity that permits the dripping and pouring of the paint on the horizontal canvas. But, by walking
around/on the canvas we can argue Greenberg's analysis and suppose that the painter possibly connects with it, he gets drowned in the act and merges
inside the painting while mechanically pouring paint on the canvas. This means that even though the painter tries to focus on the flatness of the
painting rather than the content and is physically detached from the canvas, this focus cannot erase an emotional

Ezra Pound And Modernist Poetry
The following poems share a similar theme: Ezra Pound's "A Few Don'ts," Wallace Stevens' "Of Modern Poetry," Archibald Macleish's "Ars Poetica,"
and Marianne Moore's "Poetry." Each of these authors felt they had discovered superlative methods to write the most powerful poetry. However, the
details and methods which each author used varied from one another. Born in 1885, Ezra pound is known as one of Modernist poetry's biggest
contributors. His poetry of the early 20th century was unconventional and controversial for its time. He studied endlessly to understand every facet of
poetry and pave his own way in the field. He pioneered the imagist movement and developed rubrics which imagist poems were to follow. In "A Few
Don'ts," Ezra Pound ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His poetry is experimental and was influenced by the works of numerous modernist poets. As he aged, his poems developed to be more traditional.
Many of his works in the 1930's analyzed social and political issues that plagued the world during this period. "Ars Poetica" challenges how one
interprets their own reality, and his own guidelines to powerful poetry. He uses strong, apt images to convey his points. MacLeish believes a poem
should be "worldess As the flight of birds" (MacLeish 789). This poem is much more abstract than the other two, but shares the same theme of
trying to connect to the reader and illicit strong feelings. MacLeish believes that "A poem should not mean But be"(MacLeish 790). A poem should
speak for itself and use strong images for the reader to ponder. This leaves the poem more open to interpretation and discussion. Marianne Moore was
born in Missouri in 1887. She was a modernist poet; however, the subjects which she chose to write about differed from the average modernist. Most
modernist poetry during this time was centered around the state of modern civilization. Moore chose to center her poetry around animals, nature, and
poetry itself. Her poem "Poetry" starts off somewhat perplexing when she states "I, too, dislike it: there are things that are important beyond all this
fiddle" (Moore 791). This is demonstrating irony, because

James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and...
James Joyce's 'A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man' and Flann O'Brien's 'At Swim
–Two–Birds' and Modernist Writing
The Twentieth Century found literature with a considerably different attitude and frame–of–mind than had the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.
Two hundred years is, of course, a long time to allow change within genres, but after the fairly gradual progression of the novel as a form, its change in
the hands of modernism happened rapidly in comparison. Explaining how texts within the framework of modernist writing are "different" require
laying out from what they are different, how, and why. A direct cause of, and coinciding with, literature's abruptly changing face was the Industrial
Revolution and its subsequent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two of the writers who embraced and propelled this change, James Joyce and Flann O'Brien, while enjoying totally different popularities and
successes with their work, provided two of the most extreme examples of this break from realism. At Swim–Two–Birds and A Portrait of the Artist as a
Young Man both in their own ways and to varying degrees, skillfully use a combination of techniques to become two books that are decidedly
self–referential through their commentaries upon art and literature.
Important to this idea of the self–referential novel is the drawing upon tradition–literary and cultural. Both Joyce and O'Brien relied on fictional
conventions to build their stories, even if at times that reliance came about simply in order to turn over those conventions and create something
entirely new. This is not to say either Joyce or O'Brien wholly rejected the concepts of the realist novel, but rather they changed the way that that
reality was rendered. In many ways both novels are just as "real" as any realist novel; they simply present a different view of that reality, or a more
true–to–life way of depicting it. Gone is the omniscient narrator, gone is the linear plot. In their place are highly stylistic and conscientiously built
stories driven not necessarily by the world around the characters, but by the characters themselves. Rather than characters interacting with what the
world has to give to

Difference Between Modernist Drama And Realist Drama
This essay aims to show and discuss the ways in which modernist drama is different to realist drama. To do this the essay will focus on the
conventions of language and subject identity to show how modernist drama challenges the ways of realist drama. This essay will first outline what
modernism is. It will then look at the conventions of both language and subject identity separately, providing examples where needed. Finally, the
essay will look at Pirandello's play and discuss how it relates to the modernist drama style before concluding.
When something is considered contemporary or in style, it is considered to be modern. From the late 18th century to the early 19th century there was
a shift in history. There was a rise in capitalist societies and an increase in industrial productivity. This created the start of modernity. Macey (2001)
refers to modernity as the period of the modern. The changes in the world demanded a response from art. All forms of art had to create a new way of
thought for this new world. This is how modernism or the modernist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the play Krapp's Last Tape by Beckett (1958) language is delivered to the audience in a new way. The use of a tape recorder changes the way
time in a play works. One can say that Beckett found a way to loophole the fact that play's cannot have flashbacks. Krapp listens to his younger self
on his tape recorder and finds that some of the language used was now meaningless to his older self. This shows that language is contextual. The
language used in the stage directions are quite unusual such as "rusty black" and "wearish old man." While one can visualise what these words mean,
there is no standard definition for the words. In a play by Pinter (1985) called The Birthday Party the characters often have meaningless or vague
conversations. In the first act Meg repeatedly asked Petey, "Is that you?" This shows the redundancy of some

The Fundamentalist/Modernist Controversy
The Fundamentalist/Modernist controversy that enshrouded the arena of religious beliefs in the Western world is actually a theological controversy
which is still continuing to instigate a myriad of debates. Its inception took place significantly after the end of the First World War, and the controversy
is still going on even in this 21st century. The controversy centered on the differences that were ingrained in the traditional and modernist believes
about the role of the Church, the purpose of the Gospel, and the social role of religion as a whole. Refuting the fundamentalist beliefs about Christianity
, the modernists employed scholarly methods "to interpret sacred scriptures and compare the world religions, seemingly discounted supernatural

Modernists Vs Scopes
The 1920's was a time of prosperity and change in the United States, but with change comes disagreements. One of the largest debates during this
time period, and still today, was the debate between science and religion. Many people were Christians in America during this time and they believed
that the story of how God created the Earth should be taught in public schools. These people were called "fundamentalists." They believed nothing
could compare to or be as powerful as God's word. The other side to this debate were the Modernists, or the ones who believed in science rather than
religion. Modernists wanted to teach the theory of evolution in public schools instead of the Creation story the Fundamentalists believed in ("United
States in History"). All of these different opinions led to one of the most famous trials known as the Scopes v. State of Tennessee trial. John Scopes was
a substitute teacher in Tennessee who decided to teach the theory of evolution to a science class. Scopes was accused of violating the Butler Act, which
states that teaching anything that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
State of Tennessee trial is part of what made the Roaring Twenties "roar." Because the trial made national news, many reporters and journalists
wanted to come to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee ("United States in History"). This migration caused the town to get major publicity, as
well as the issue itself did. By having one person speak out and do what they believe is right like John Scopes did, many more people felt
comfortable speaking out for what their own beliefs and opinions were. Scopes v. State of Tennessee was only the start of a series of court cases
regarding whether to teach the theory of evolution or the Creation story from the Bible ("State of Tennessee v. Scopes."). The Roaring Twenties was
definitely a time of change for most Americans, and the Scopes v. State of Tennessee trial helped convey this message to Americans wishing to express
free

Minuet In Modernism
A Minuet in Modernism: A Study of Modernism as a Radical Form of Literature, superimposed with the exploration of the literary prowesses of
Virginia Woolf and Katherine Mansfield in juxtaposition
In his seminal lecture on Modernism in Architecture at McGill University School of Architecture on 21 October 2000, Arthur Erickson espoused
Modernism as an artistic movement that "released [society] from the constraints of everything that had gone before with a euphoric sense of freedom"
(Erickson, 2000). Modernism, as an artistic movement, is defined as a genre that aimed to transcend and subvert the limitations of traditional literary
conventions of the Romantic, Realist and Victorian literary movements, and eagerly championed for new and innovative experimentation in both form
and style (Cooper, pg. 9). Flowered into Society by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
150). Defined by Oxford as a "literary style in which a character's thoughts, feelings, and reactions are depicted in a continuous flow uninterrupted by
objective description or conventional dialogue", Prof. John Lye suggests that the vestiges of 'Impressionism' in modernist literature contributed
significantly to an intimate presentation of "the texture or process of structure of knowing and perceiving" (Lye, 1997). Albert Einstein's theory of
relativity renounced the concept of "universal time" and theorised that experience is both a subjective and an intrapersonal experience. Einstein's
concept of relativity coincided with the Modernist narrative, and helped attribute to new and abundant artistic forms expressed in this new locus of
subjectivity ("Modernism Characteristics",

Compare And Contrast A Soldier's Home And On A Play Seen...
In Ernest Hemingway's "A Soldier's Home," in Langston Hughes' "A Dream Deferred," and in F. Scott Fitzgerald's "On a Play Seen Twice," they
all have different ways of expressing characteristics of Modernist writing. They display a darker more realistic theme of life in the time period.
Modernist writings are realistic themed pieces about the modern era in which it is written. The story, Ernest Hemingway's "A Soldier's Home," is a
story of a soldier, Krebs, who fights in 1917 to 1919 during World War 1. When he comes back, he does not get the attention he thinks he was going
too. Krebs tries to tell the stories of what had happened to him, but no one listens. Krebs sees how everyone was already welcomed home, "He came
back much too late. The

Comparing Ivan Ilyich And Heart Of Darkness
Making it Modern
Comparison/Contrast of Death of Ilyich and Heart of Darkness
Literary modernism is an idea that was developed in the late nineteenth, early twentieth centuries. It was adopted by countries like Europe and North
America It was a new style of poetry different than the "norm," and modernist writers experimented with different forms and expressions within their
poetry and novels. Two modernist writers of this time were Polish–British Joseph Conrad and Russian writer Leo Tolstoy. They both broke out of the
mold and were willing to try a new type of writing. This was something that connected them in this time, although their writing styles were very
different, the fact that they both participated in the modernist movement gives them a similarity. Tolstoy's work, The Death of Ivan Ilyich, and
Conrad's Heart of Darkness are both very different works of literature, but still manage to hold similarities in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The protagonist of The Death of Ivan Ilyich is of course Ilyich Golovin. The modernism in this work of literature is shown through Golovin. He shows
his want to provide the right "image" to those around him. He does not want to be associated with his wife is she is not going to uphold the
"expectations" that he has for her. He wants to maintain appearances and make everyone believe that he is who he wants them to be. The disjointed
relationships in The Death of Ivan Ilyich are a very good representation of modernism. Heart of Darkness shows a theme of modernism by the fact
that it uses different words and explanations to describe the novel. Things are not given to the reader point blank, there is a sort of discovery that has
to be made between the reader and the author. One of the main ideas of modernism is that nothing is explained just perfectly, there is openness to
interpretation, and the reader is allowed to see things how they wish

The Modernist Movement And Its Influence On Art
The Modernist movement was an intellectual and cultural movement that began at the start of the 20th century and lasted until around 1945. One of
the factors that helped shaped Modernism was the development of modern industrial societies as well as the rapid growth of cities. Modernists rejected
Enlightenment thinking and some even rejected certain religious beliefs. One characteristic, possibly the most important one, of Modernism was the
idea of self–consciousness (Farah). The Modernist movement would influence the literature written such as novels and poetry and would also have an
influence on art work during this time period. Three people who were influenced by the modernist movement include F. Scott Fitzgerald, T.S Eliot, and
Georgia O' Keeffe.
There would also be a movement called the Post–Modernist Movement. Post–Modernism was a departure from modernism. This movement took place
during the mid–twentieth century. One characteristic during the post–modern movement was that there was no absolute truth. Postmodernists believed
that truth is an illusion misused by people to gain power over other people. The postmodern movement is identified with deconstruction and cultural
criticism. Cultural criticism questions the notions of "high" and "low" cultures and tends to treat all works of art as equally legitimate cultural
expressions. Deconstruction questions the notion of a single, unified meaning in a literary work. The deconstructionists attempt to show that texts are

Langston Hughes : A Modernist
Michael Davis AP English Literature and Composition Mrs. Sappington 13 Apr. 2017 Langston Hughes: A Modernist Credited as being the most
recognizable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes played a vital role in the Modernist literary movement and the movement to
revitalize African American culture in the early 20th century. Hughes's poems reflect his personal struggle and the collective struggle of African
Americans during this cultural revival. Langston Hughes's life contained key influences on his work. As a child, Hughes witnessed a divorce between
his parents and the subsequent death of his grandmother, his primary caretaker at the time. Hughes's childhood was also marked by the constant
transition of moving from city to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Harlem Renaissance sought to revitalize African American culture with a focus on arts and literature and creating socioeconomic opportunities
(Harlem Renaissance). This temporal setting, predominantly the influence of the Harlem Renaissance, of Hughes's life explains the purpose of
Hughes's writing: to express the oppression of African Americans and the imperfections of Hughes's America and to heighten African American morale
during his life through his writing. In "Let America be America Again," Hughes reflects on the current discrepancy between the promises of justice and
equality in the Constitution and Declaration of Independence and the current situation that Hughes faces. Anaphorically using the phrase "I am,"
Hughes mentions the different types of people, including poor whites, Native Americans, and immigrants, that share the same struggle that African
Americans face regarding the pursuit of equality and the American Dream. Emphasizing his ideal America with a caesura pause, Hughes writes, "and
yet must be––the land where every man is free." This line encapsulates Hughe's desire for a America that includes African Americans and other
minorities and finally upholding the nation's promise that all Americans were created equal. Hughes also realizes that his ideal America will still require

Modernist Elements in the Hollow Men
Introduction:
THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS
NOT WITH A BANG BUT A WHIMPER
T.S.Eliot, The Hollow Men (95–98). The end of The Hollow Men can only be the beginning of a deep and long reflection for thoughtful readers. T.S.
Eliot, who always believed that in his end is his beginning, died and left his verse full of hidden messages to be understood, and codes to be
deciphered. It is this complexity, which is at the heart of modernism as a literary movement, that makes of Eliot's poetry very typically modernist. As
Ezra Pound once famously stated, Eliot truly did "modernize himself". Although his poetry was subject to important transformations over the course of
his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reader must participate in the making of the poem or story by digging the structure out and create coherence out of the seeming incoherence.
Therefore, the search for meaning, even if it does not succeed, becomes meaningful itself. Modernism is also characterized by the use of fragmentary
techniques. Compared with earlier writing, modernist literature tends to omit explanations, interpretations, connections, summaries and distancing
that provide clarity and continuity in traditional literature. The ideas of order, sequence, and unity are abandoned because they are considered by
modernist writers as only expressions of a desire for coherence rather then truthful reflections of reality. A poem or a novel is built through an
assemblage (or collage) of fragments, and a short work is a fragment itself. This fragmentation is meant to reflect the modern reality, a reality of flux
and alienation. Fragments are drawn from diverse areas of experience. They can be vignettes of contemporary life, chunks of popular culture, dream
imagery, religious symbols or symbols from the author's own life experience. These various levels and different kinds of materials enable the
modernist work to move across time and space, shift from the public to the personal and respond to different sorts of concerns of a larger audience.
There was

Modernist Art And Modernism
Modernism at its core focuses on the world, culture and society during the time in which works were made in the late 19th and 20th centuries. While
Modernism encompassed a handful of unique styles and movements, only one in particular took an interest in the qualities of dreamlike states and
unconsciousness: Surrealism. The Surrealist period dates back to its beginning in 1924 and ending in 1945. Members of this art movement worked
together closely in an organized fashion under their leader Andre Breton. Under Breton's work the First Surrealist Manifesto written in 1924, he laid
down the movement's foundation and created a stepping stone for other artists to follow behind. Through this text and the artist's works, "the
Surrealists laid the foundation for a type of artistic practice that continues to maintain its relevance."1 Surrealist artists took a stand against the formal
workings of the everyday, trained artist and instead looked within themselves to create works turning away from control and logical reasoning that
continuously inspires artists even to this day. Artists involved in the Surrealist art movement focused solely on dreams, psychology and everyday life
experiences. Surrealist art heavily emphasized the "...confrontation of opposites, the combination of everyday objects, and their artistic transformation
into strange, suggestive, fascinating hybrids – psychologically impressive "things" whose real character can hardly be described in words."2 Many
Surrealist works have a strange feeling to them as they are able to pull the viewer into an almost otherworldly state that can be difficult to describe in
words. As a ________________________ 1. Pfeiffer, Ingrid, and Max Mollein. Surreal Objects: Three–Dimensional Works from DaliМЃ to Man Ray.
(Frankfurt am Main: Schirn Kunsthalle, 2011), 5. 2. Ibid. whole, the movement also "...linked real facts of daily life to unconscious motives."3 This
idea of the unconscious combined with everyday experiences and objects became the main focus for the movement. Through their art, these artists
intended to use instinct and automatism rather than using control or logic in their works. Subconscious thoughts would enter ones mind and take over,
freeing the

Modernist Vs. Pictorialist
Photography has come into existence due to the evolution of the renaissance craft, which often involved the artistic creation, and documentation of
occasions, figures, and memories. Photography as a practice that consists of so many different styles and techniques that vary in regard to the school of
photography being used. For example the Pictorialist thinks of photography as a type of fine art and therefore try to make it artistic by using pictures
or visual images, which furthermore establishes their point that photography is an art or a form of fine art, on the other hand the Modernist has adapted
to the modern techniques which has more focus on the sharp center of the image and using the camera as an instrument rather than seeing it as a
canvass which is usually how pictorialists see it, and they also believe in creating very high quality images which ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The essay will make use of the works of photographic artists who engage in one of the two schools of photography, Pictorialism and Modernism. The
artists that will be used for this essay are Paul Strand who has been selected for the Modernist development together with a Russian artistic
photographer Alexander Rodchenko and As White remained rooted to Pictorialism, his stance on his methodology and set up in the 1920s and 1930s
led to occurrence of the stirring up of quite a number of understudies to handle his visualization style which was fresh and innovative (White, Clarence
H., Jr. and Peter C. Bunnell 1965). In the process of talking about the two schools of photography, Pictorialism and Modernism rather than focus on the
clash and disagreements that occurred from Pictorialism and Modernism it is more suitable to examine the merits in both the method and styles used in
the two schools of

Kazimir Malevich As A Modernist
In this essay I shall analyze the work of Kazimir Malevich, and examine whether he can be described as avant–garde modernist. I will present how his
means of expression and style changed with time, making references to his work, history and cultural context. First, I will explain the principles of
avant–garde and modernism, and show painter's background. Secondly, I will research on the beginnings of his work, and how he came to
suprematism. Then I will focus on the final period of his life and artwork. Kazimir Malevich was a Russian painter and art theorist, living at the turn of
the 19th and 20th centuries. He became the creator of a breakthrough artistic style called suprematism. Malevich studied drawing in Kiev and Moscow,
thus he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was constantly developing his style, and looking for innovative techniques and forms. As he said, "I think that first of all art is that not everyone
can understand a thing in depths. This is left only to the black sheep of time."1 In 1915 he announced the revolutionary program of suprematism, the
most radical direction of abstraction. He rejected the iconography of visual art, recognizing a straight line and a square as the symbols of man's
superiority over chaos. It was a revolutionary moment that forever signed him into history as a leading representative of avant–garde modernism. In his
manifesto, he mentioned: "By "Suprematism" I mean the supremacy of pure feeling in creative art. To the Suprematist the visual phenomena of the
objective world are, in themselves, meaningless; the significant thing is feeling."2 In 1930 Malevich began to slowly move away from suprematism,
creating similar works in neo–suprematism. Gradually, he began to turn back to the style he used at the beginning of his career. Towards the end of
his life he became more and more isolated, departed from abstraction and came back to painting simplified landscapes, realistic paintings, and portraits.
Malevich died at the age of 56, in illness, as communist authorities did not allow him to leave the country

The Life and Writing of William Faulkner Essay
The birth of the modernist movement in American literature was the result of the post–World War I social breakdown. Writers adopted a disjointed
fragmented style of writing that rebelled against traditional literature. One such writer is William Faulkner, whose individual style is characterized by
his use of "stream of consciousness" and writing from multiple points of view. World War I had a more profound effect on society than wars prior.
With new deadly weapons, like poison gas, high death tolls, and the first occurrence of total war, shocked the world, tearing people between the
modern and the tradition. Traditional society was torn down by the destruction of the war. As with most literary movements, writers reflect the world...
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His actually education only goes as far as one year at the University of Mississippi. After leaving Oxford and living in New Haven, Connecticut for a
few years, Faulkner joined the British Royal Flying Corps. He never served active duty, as the war ended before his training did. Faulkner returned
home and began writing poetry. But his early writing was more of the traditional style– a mix of Shakespeare, Victorian, and Edwardian. It wasn't until
a trip to New Orleans in 1925 that he began to fiddle with his writing style, after a friend encouraged him to write more Southern based prose. His
style also grew as he began reading James Joyce, a "high" modernist writer, and Sigmund Freud, and also took a trip to Europe– the center of modernist
writing. With these influences, Faulkner began writing novels about Southern society, with an emphasis on the psychology of the characters. For
example, in his novel The Sound and the Fury, Faulkner writes from four different points of view; the first three sections are of each of the three
brother's point of view, and the last section is omniscient. His writing also plays with chronology, not always following a specific timeline. The
disjointedness of time is very prominent in As I Lay Dying. About the death of a mother, the 59 inner monologues and fifteen characters make the book
more about the characters psychology rather than a

The History of Modernist Literature
Modernism, as an artistic movement, was notoriously explicit about depicting sex. Indeed much of the history of Modernist literature involves
censorship and legal embargoes against work which was deemed too obscene to be permitted general availability and Modernist novels ranging
from Joyce's Ulysses to Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer would have to overcome legal hurdles before they could be read. The importance of Paris as a
center for publication activity cannot be understated here: both James Joyce and Henry Miller were able to have their work published in Paris when
no–one in an English–speaking country would take the risk. But this was established before Modernism a generation earlier, Oscar Wilde's play
SalomГ© was written in French, but was banned from being staged in London for its religious (rather than sexual) content. It is worth asking, then,
what role was played by explicit sexuality in defining Modernist art and Modernist consciousness. An examination of works by Henry Miller, AnaГЇs
Nin, and Djuna Barnes may demonstrate that, to a large extent, the description of sexuality served a two–fold purpose: it helped Modernism define
itself against the proprieties of earlier literature, but it also represented an inward turn for art. By emphasizing the interiority of consciousness,
Modernist novels were making an implicit turn away from dealing with the outer political turmoil of the decades which produced not only Modernism,
but the two World Wars. It is the

The Modernist Movement Of Literature
The modernist movement in Literature came about in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as authors began to consciously break from
traditional writing styles and experiment with new methods of storytelling. These authors drew their inspiration from the real world and their own
experiences. Every aspect of the world has its own influence from historical events to developments in psychological theory. The authors of the
modernist era, such as William Faulkner, Virginia Woolf, T.S. Elliot, and James Joyce, experimented heavily with established laws of language and
structure by modifying the narration of the story and breaking the plot into pieces for the reader to put together. In a way, the authors were rebelling
against the old views of how stories were supposed to be told. Some of the most complicated pieces of fiction and poetry came out of the modernist era.
The most prominent characteristics of the modernist movement in literature were the results of a culmination of the types of thought and ideas that
defined the early twentieth century in the United States and Europe. The events of the world which modernist authors experienced in their time, most
notably the First World War in conjunction with emerging ideas from different spheres of study such as psychology and art led to the creation of new
forms of narration and stories that broke the rules of traditional writing and challenged the previous eras of literature. Near the beginning of the
twentieth

Modernist Movement In Architecture
The influence of a building on the identity and emotion of a place is not something an architect or developer can impose onto a people. It is created
in a course of time. This is why most buildings have made it in the history books, not only because the intention was meant, but also because they were
able to bring different reflections to a people they were built for.
Architecture refers to the production of objects, buildings, a task performed by the people. The most successful architecture goes beyond functions,
enclosure, or rather a big envelope for living."
Even though the buildings as an individual exhibit different architectural properties, collectively they have been able to tell a common story with
respect to their design, construction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is no consensus among Architectural Scholars about an exact and comprehensive definition of the term Modern Architecture also referred to as
Modernist Movement. With some Authors Modern Movement is considered to mean social and aesthetic innovation using state–of–the–art technology
and rejecting the values of continuity and traditions or rather to shape the present and the now.
Another common feature the buildings shared was the use of latest technological advances during their time of construction. Most of the buildings were
constructed at a time when reinforced concrete was discovered and with reinforced concrete, they were built. Some were constructed during the time
curtain walls were put to use in construction and curtain walls were certainly installed in the buildings.
When a building is set to be constructed, the design team which is led by the architect plans for how the spaces of the building would be (in terms of
their location, size and functionality). After this initial planning is done, the design is then presented to the client of whom he or she would agree or
disagree. In most cases, the client usually has a few rectifications and the design team usually rectifies them before the project is being tendered for
construction. After tendering, the contractor begins to construct the building project with accordance to the drawings provided to him by the design

A Romantic And Modernist Perspective
Kyle D. Brubaker
Dr. Vernooy
ENG–237–01
11 December 2014
Memory: A Romantic and Modernist Perspective During an age when Britain was producing more writing than perhaps ever before in its history;
romantic writers such as Wordsworth and Coleridge place a large emphasis on nature and what impact this construct has on the mind and imagination,
while modernist writers such as Hardy, Lawrence, and Yeats attempt to exercise a strong break from tradition. This ideal of "straying from the pack"
creates a sense of bitterness and radical doubt throughout the modernist period, and thus, causes citizens living in this time to carry about their daily
activities with doubt and pessimistic attitudes.
After examining the literary movements of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One can argue that William Wordsworthbelieves that memory can be utilized as an anecdote that is able to cure someone's pain, while a writer such
as Thomas Hardy would disapprove of this Wordsworthian ideal by believing that memory is simply a "shroud of gray" (Vernooy). This claim can
be supported as true when Wordsworth's Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey is examined more closely. Within this piece, Wordsworth
states, "These beauteous forms/Through a long absence, have not been to me/As is a landscape to a blind man's eye/But oft, in lonely rooms, and 'mid
the din/Of towns and cities, I have owed to them/In hours of weariness, sensations sweet (Wordsworth 23–27). Here, Wordsworth provides a detailed
description about how nature is able to provide a safe–haven for him in a time when Britain's cities are looking to industrialize more than ever. By
personifying nature during this time of economic crisis, Wordsworth is creating an outlet that aids him in moving forward.
Conversely, Thomas Hardy encompasses the idea of nature and memory by almost insulting Wordsworth. For instance, Hardy would argue that one
cannot "sit on the couch" and rekindle old memories in order to transgress, but instead, one needs to be out and about in order to gather as many
physical memories as humanly possible. Within Hardy's Under the Waterfall, the female persona is attempting to rekindle one of her past memories,
which as we all

Essay on A Passage to India
There are people bustling, merchants selling, Anglo–Indians watching, and birds flying overhead. How many perspectives are there in this one snippet
of life? They are uncountable, and that is the reality. Modernist writers strive to emulate this type of reality into their own work as well. In such
novels, there is a tendency to lack a chronological or even logical narrative and there are also frequent breaks in narratives where the perspectives jump
from one to another without warning. Because there are many points of view and not all of them are explained, therefore, modernist novels often tend
to have narrative perspectives that suddenly shift or cause confusion. This is because modernism has always been an experimental form of ... Show
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"'I'm tired of seeing picturesque figures pass before me as a frieze,' the girl explained. 'It was wonderful when we landed, but that superficial
glamour soon goes, '" (26) Adela arrives in India in an excited state and believes that she will be able to see the true India. However, "her
impressions were of no interest to the Collector, he was only concerned to give her a good time" (26). Sometimes, the narration can switch abruptly
between multiple people without any prior warning whatsoever so that the true feelings felt by the speakers can be fully expressed in the writing. At
one point, Aziz, Ronny, and Fielding all converse with one another, but each of them see a different situation unfolding before them. Ronny wished to
lash back at Aziz but "it was his job to avoid 'incidents,' so he said nothing, and ignored the provocation that Aziz continued to offer. Aziz was
provocative" (82). To Ronny, an invitation to sit down and join them has become a "provocation" (82). However, the narrative suddenly jumps to Aziz
when it says that "[he] did not mean to be impertinent to Mr. Heaslop, who had never done him harm before comfort could be regained." (82). In
Aziz's perspective, he is trying his best to be hospitable to Ronny, despite knowing Ronny's hate for him. To each man, his own thoughts were the truth.
Thus, the views are directly compared to one another and suggest that there can be truth in multiple ways and perspectives.
These

Modernist Mexico City
Urban Design Impacts on Social Life in Mexico City and Tuxpan According to Fernando N. Winfield Reyes, author of On the Diffusion of Modernist
Urban Models, "the way in which Modernist urban models are known, interpreted, and adapted to practice to meet social needs also enticed attempts to
construct a cultural identity, regarded as both "modern" and "Mexican"" (2). This issue is critical in the understanding of the multiple urban projects
that occurred and were developed in Mexico during the post–revolutionary era and how that led to social change and growing capitalist mentality of the
country. In comparison to the outcomes of developing countries, such as France and Great Britain, who also used similar urban modernist models, by
using these... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They though it would be a good idea to modernize Mexico City so it would have great appeal and be like their inspirations. As a result, The Museum of
Anthropology designed by Pedro RamГrez VГЎzquez in 1964 was built, according to rumors, so his countrymen would "feel proud of being Mexican"
after leaving. In order to tell the history of early Mexican civilization through the design of the building, Vasquez Elevating has the museum "centered
on an umbrella–like mushroom fountain, the marble–clad structure boasts 26 exhibition rooms. Scores of patterns and flourishes – a concrete imprint of
an eagle perched on a cactus devouring a serpent, an aluminum grill that recalls slithering snakes, a hammered bronze column recalling a mythological
tree – are all made to reemphasize Mexico's historical background. Another building, which is perhaps the most important in all of Mexico City, as it
brings tourists and foreigners daily, is Mexico's National Autonomous University (UNAM). UNAM is a "campus that functions as a survey course of
modern Mexican architecture." According to reports, "politicians in the middle of the 20th century decided that having liberal students prone to protest
conveniently massed in the city center campus wasn't a great idea, so they asked architects to start from scratch and build new facilities on an old lava
field." The results are nothing

The Foundations Of Modernist Approaches

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