Java interview questions Arabic

1. ١









2. ٢
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺑﺴﻢ‬
، ‫اﻟﻛرﯾم‬ ‫ﻟوﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟص‬ ‫وﯾﺟﻌﻠﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣل‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻘﺑل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫أﺳﺄل‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻛذﻟك‬ ، ‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﺑﺳؤال‬ ‫وﻟو‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎھم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫وأﺷﻛر‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﻘدﻣوه‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔرﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗدﯾﺎت‬ ‫أﺷﻛر‬ ‫أﻧﺳﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫أﺧذ‬ ‫ﺗم‬ ‫)وﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺣﺗوى‬ ‫إﺛراء‬. (‫ﻣﻧﮭم‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ‬
...
‫اﻟﻐﯾب‬ ‫ظﮭر‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫دﻋﺎﺋﻛم‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎھﻣﯾن‬ ‫وﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺳوﻧﻲ‬ ‫وﻻ‬..

3. ٣
‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗوﯾﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺻﻔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺎت‬ : ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟوﺣدة‬
‫س‬١.................. ‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ :....٨
‫س‬٢................... ‫ﻣﻣﯾزاﺗﮭﺎ‬ :٨
‫س‬٣.................. ‫اﺻداراﺗﮭﺎ‬ :٩
‫س‬٤.......... ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت‬ :....٩
‫س‬٥................... ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺗﺷﺎر‬ :١٠
‫س‬٦................ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺟوزة‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬ :١١
‫س‬٧‫ﺗﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﺎدة‬ :class...............١١
‫س‬٨:variable‫و‬value.................١١
‫س‬٩:‫اﻟﻛوﻧﺳﺗراﻛﺗر‬...................١١
‫س‬١٠:........... ‫ﻛﻼس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬ ‫إﻧﺷﺎء‬١٢
‫س‬١١:private & protected & public.... ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬١٢
‫س‬١٢.......... ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺧزﯾن‬ :.١٣
‫س‬١٣.... ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎواة‬ :١٤
‫س‬١٤... ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﻹﺑﺗداﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌطﻰ‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫إذا‬ :١٤
‫س‬١٥......... ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻗواﻋد‬ :١٤
‫س‬١٦‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺎت‬ :.....١٥
‫س‬١٧...... ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﺑط‬ :١٦
‫س‬١٨‫ﺑوﻟﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ :Boolean.....١٦

4. ٤
‫س‬١٩:if & else............١٨
‫س‬٢٠:Switch...........١٩
‫س‬٢١‫اﻟـ‬ ‫أﻧواع‬ :Methods........٢١
‫س‬٢٢‫اﻟـ‬ :Packages..........٢٢
‫س‬٢٣:overriding & overloading....٢٢
‫س‬٢٤:............ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫أﻧواع‬٢٢
‫س‬٢٥:escape sequence......٢٢
‫س‬٢٦‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ :static.....٢٣
‫س‬٢٧‫ﺑﺎﻛﺞ‬ :java.lang.*.......٢٣
‫س‬٢٨...... ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ && ‫و‬ & :٢٣
‫س‬٢٩(‫)اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬ :toString().....٢٤
‫س‬٣٠‫ﻋﻣل‬ :Compile...... ‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﻠف‬٢٧
‫س‬٣١.......... ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ :٢٧
‫س‬٣٢‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ :Casting........٢٧
‫س‬٣٣................. ‫اﻟﺛواﺑت‬ :٢٨
‫س‬٣٤:global & local & static & dynamic...٢٨
‫س‬٣٥:String & StringBuffer...٢٩
‫س‬٣٦‫ﻛﻼس‬ :GregorianCalendar....٢٩
) ‫اﻟوراﺛﺔ‬Inheritance(
‫س‬٣٧) ‫اﻟوراﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ :inheritance.... (٢٩

5. ٥
‫س‬٣٨...... ‫اﻹﺑن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷب‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟوﺻول‬ :٣٠
) ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎءات‬Exceptions(
‫س‬٣٩............... ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎءات‬ :٣٠
‫س‬٤٠............. ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎءات‬ ‫ﺣﻣل‬ :٣١
‫س‬٤١............... ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎءات‬ ‫أﻧواع‬ :٣١
‫ﻋﺎم‬
‫س‬٤٢............... ‫ﻛود‬ ‫اﻵﺳﻛﻲ‬ :٣٢
‫س‬٤٣‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ :Deprecated............٣٣
‫س‬٤٤:Generic Class...............٣٣
‫س‬٤٥:Interface...............٣٤
GUI
‫س‬٤٦‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬ :GUI.......٣٤
‫س‬٤٧:JFrame..........٣٥
‫س‬٤٨‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫طرق‬ :JFrame.........٣٥
‫س‬٤٩....... ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻛود‬ ‫ﻣرﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ :٣٥
‫س‬٥٠:Swing..........٤٣
‫س‬٥١‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬ :SWT...........٤٤
‫س‬٥٢:static & methods.......٤٤
‫س‬٥٣......... ‫اﻟواﺟﮭﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺎت‬ :٤٤
‫س‬٥٤‫ﻛﻼس‬ :Color...... ‫واﻻﺧﺗﻼف‬٤٦

6. ٦
‫س‬٥٥........... ‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﯾب‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺢ‬ :٤٦
‫س‬٥٦:......... ‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌدد‬٤٧
‫س‬٥٧‫اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬ :Properties.......٤٧
‫س‬٥٨‫ﻓﺋﺔ‬ :Locale.............٤٨
‫س‬٥٩‫ﻓﺋﺔ‬ :ResourceBuodle...........٤٨
‫س‬٦٠......... ‫ﻧﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻠف‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺗوى‬ ‫ﻗراءة‬ :٤٩
‫س‬٦١‫داﺧل‬ ‫اﻹﻗﻔﺎل‬ ‫أﻣر‬ :finally......٥١
‫س‬٦٢‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻠف‬ ‫ﻗراءة‬ :Scanner......٥٢
‫ﻋﺎم‬
‫س‬٦٣‫اﻟـ‬ :JPA..............٥٣
‫س‬٦٤:JVM & JRE & JDK........٥٣
Data Structure
‫س‬٦٥:Databases & Data Structures...٥٥
‫س‬٦٦:LinkedList & ArrayList.....٦١
‫س‬٦٧:LinkedList & List.....٦٣
‫س‬٦٨.......... ‫ﻣﺻﻔوﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗرﺗﯾب‬ :٦٣
‫ﻋﺎم‬
‫س‬٦٩:Java Annotations......٦٤
‫س‬٧٠..... ‫ﺟدﯾدة‬ ‫ﺣواﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬ :٦٨
‫س‬٧١........ ‫اﻟﺣواﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ‬ :٧٣

7. ٧
Databases
‫س‬٧٢:‫ﺑﺎﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫أﻛﺳس‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋدة‬ ‫رﺑط‬......٨٢
Graphics 2D
‫س‬٧٣‫ھﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﺷﻛﺎل‬ ‫رﺳم‬ :................٩٦
‫ﺟﺎھزة‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ‬
٧٤........... ‫ﺑﺎﻟرﺳﺎم‬ ‫ﺷﺑﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ :١٠٠
٧٥:capture‫اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻوﯾر‬..........١١٩
٧٦:splash............. ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻣﯾل‬ ‫ﺟﺎري‬١٢٢
٧٧:open net..........................١٢٤
٧٨:count letter.... ‫اﻟﺣروف‬ ‫ظﮭور‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬١٢٥
٧٩:draw Time.......... ‫ﺟدا‬ ‫رھﯾب‬١٢٧
٨٠:Color.... ‫ﻧوﻋﮫ‬ ‫وﺗﻐﯾﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺧط‬ ‫ﺗﻠوﯾن‬١٣٣
٨١:clac......... ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬١٣٥
‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﻛﯾن‬ ‫أﺳﻣﺎء‬١٤٣

8. ٨
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺎت‬
‫س‬١:‫؟‬ ‫ﺑداﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎھﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬)Java(‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻋﺑﺎرة‬‫ﻋن‬‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫ﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬‫اﺑﺗﻛرھﺎ‬‫ﺟﯾﻣس‬‫ﺟوﺳﻠﯾﻧﺞ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﺎم‬١٩٩٢‫م‬
‫أﺛﻧﺎء‬‫ﻋﻣﻠﮫ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﺧﺗﺑرات‬‫ﺷرﻛﺔ‬‫ﺻن‬،‫ﻣﯾﻛروﺳﯾﺳﺗﻣز‬‫وذﻟك‬‫ﻻﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﻣﺛﺎﺑﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻘل‬
‫اﻟﻣﻔﻛر‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫ﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬‫اﻷﺟﮭزة‬‫اﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟذﻛﯾﺔ‬‫ﻣﺛل‬‫اﻟﺗﯾﻠﻔزﯾون‬،‫اﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻲ‬‫وﻗد‬‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ا‬ ً‫ﺗطوﯾر‬‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﺳﻲ‬‫ﺑﻼس‬‫ﺑﻼس‬)C(++،‫وﻋﻧد‬‫وﻻدﺗﮭﺎ‬‫أطﻠﻖ‬‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﺑﺗﻛرھﺎ‬
"‫أواك‬"‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬‫ﺷﺟرة‬‫اﻟﺳﻧدﯾﺎن؛‬‫وھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺷﺟرة‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﻛﺎن‬‫ﯾراھﺎ‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻧﺎﻓذة‬‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﮫ‬‫وھو‬
‫ﯾﻌﻣل‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﺧﺗﺑرات‬‫ﺻن‬،‫ﻣﯾﻛروﺳﯾﺳﺗﻣز‬‫ﺛم‬‫ﺗﻐﯾر‬‫اﻻﺳم‬‫إﻟﻰ‬،‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫وھذا‬‫اﻻﺳم‬)‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻏﯾر‬‫اﻟﻌﺎدة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬(‫ﻟﯾس‬‫اﻟﺣروف‬‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬‫أو‬
‫ﺗﻌﺑﯾرا‬‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬،‫ﻣﻌﯾن‬‫وﻟﻛﻧﮫ‬‫ﻣﺟرد‬‫اﺳم‬‫وﺿﻌﮫ‬‫روا‬ ّ‫ﻣطو‬‫ھذه‬‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫ﻟﯾﻧﺎﻓس‬‫اﻷﺳﻣﺎء‬
،‫اﻷﺧرى‬‫وھﻰ‬‫اﺣدى‬‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬،‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬‫أي‬‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻷواﻣر‬‫واﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﺎت‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﺗﻌطﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺣﺎﺳب‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺻورة‬‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻣﻛﺗوب‬‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬‫ﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬،‫ﻧﺻوص‬
‫وﯾﺗﻛون‬‫ﻣﺻدر‬‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻋدة‬‫ﺳطور‬‫وﻛل‬‫ﺳطر‬‫ﯾﻌﺗﺑر‬،‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬‫وﯾﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬‫اﻟﺣﺎﺳب‬‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻛل‬‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬‫ﺑﺗرﺗﯾب‬‫ﻣﻌﯾن‬‫ﻹﻧﺟﺎز‬‫اﻷﻣر‬‫اﻟذي‬‫ﺻﻣم‬‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾﻘﮫ‬.
‫س‬٢‫؟‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻣﯾزات‬ ‫ﻣﺎھﻲ‬ :
‫اﻟﺳﮭوﻟﺔ‬.
‫داﻋﻣﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﻣوﺟﮭﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻛﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬.
‫ﺳﮭوﻟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺣﺻول‬‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬.
‫آ‬‫ﻣﻧﺔ‬.
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻧﻘل‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬.
‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫اﻟﺣرﻛﺔ‬‫واﻟﺻوت‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﺻﻔﺣﺎت‬‫اﻟوﯾب‬.
‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬‫اﻷﻟﻌﺎب‬‫واﻟﺑراﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة‬.
‫إﻧﺷﺎء‬‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬‫ذات‬‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬‫ﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫رﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬.
‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬‫ﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬‫ﺗﺳﺗﻔﯾد‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻛل‬‫ﻣﻣﯾزات‬‫اﻷﻧﺗرﻧت‬.‫ﺗوﻓر‬‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺑر‬‫اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻧﻛﺑوﺗﯾﺔ‬‫وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬‫ﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬‫ﻟﻺﻧﺗرﻧت‬‫ﻋﺑر‬
‫ﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻛﺎة‬‫اﻟﺣﺎﺳوﺑﯾﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺗﺟﺎرب‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬‫وﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬‫اﻟﻔﺻول‬‫اﻻﻓﺗراﺿﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌﻠﯾم‬‫اﻹﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ‬‫واﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم‬‫ﻋن‬‫ﺑﻌد‬.‫ﻻ‬‫ﺗﻧﺣﺻر‬‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬

9. ٩
‫اﻟﻌﻧﻛﺑوﺗﯾﺔ‬‫ﻓﻘط‬‫ﺑل‬‫ﺗﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ‬‫ﻣن‬‫إﻧﺷﺎء‬‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬‫ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬‫اﻟﺷﺧﺻﻲ‬،‫واﻟﻣﮭﻧﻲ‬‫ھذه‬
‫اﻟﺑراﻣﺞ‬‫ﺗﻧﺟز‬‫ﻋﺑر‬‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﺑراﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﺗﺳﮭل‬‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬‫اﻷواﻣر‬‫ﻛﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
NetBeans‫و‬Eclipse.
‫س‬٣‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫إﺻدارات‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :
Java SE
‫اﻹﺻدار‬‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎﺳﻲ‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬)Java Standard Edition(‫ھو‬
‫اﻟﺟزء‬‫اﻟﺧﺎص‬‫ﺑﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬‫ﺳطﺢ‬‫اﻟﻣﻛﺗب‬)StandAlone
applications.(
Java EE
‫اﺻدار‬‫اﻹﻧﺗرﺑراﯾس‬‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬)Java Enterprise Edition(‫ھو‬‫ﯾﺧﺗﻠف‬
‫ﻋن‬‫اﻹﺻدار‬‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎﺳﻲ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫أﻧﮫ‬‫ﺧﺎص‬‫ﺑﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺧوادم‬‫واﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت‬‫اﻟﻣوزﻋﺔ‬
‫وﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟوﯾب‬.
Java ME
‫اﺻدار‬‫اﻟﻣﺎﯾﻛرو‬‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬)Java Micro Edition(‫وھو‬‫إﺻدار‬‫ﺧﺎص‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﮭواﺗف‬‫اﻟﻣﺣﻣوﻟﺔ‬‫واﻷﺟﮭزة‬‫اﻟﻣﺣدودة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎدر‬‫ﻋﻣوﻣﺎ‬
‫وﺗﻌﺗﺑر‬‫اﻟﺧﯾﺎر‬‫اﻷول‬‫ﻟﻣﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬‫أﻟﻌﺎب‬‫اﻟﮭواﺗف‬‫اﻟﻣﺣﻣوﻟﺔ‬.
Java Fx
‫ّﺔ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﺗﻘﻧ‬‫أﺧرى‬‫اﺻدرﺗﮭﺎ‬‫ﺻن‬‫ﻣﯾﻛروﺳﯾﺳﺗﻣز‬‫ﻟﺗطوﯾر‬‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻧوع‬"RIA"‫أي‬
"Rich Internet Applications."
‫س‬٤‫؟‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺗرف‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺑﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠم‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ﯾﺗطﻠب‬ ‫ﻛم‬ :
‫وﻟﻛﻲ‬ ‫وارادﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺧص‬ ‫ھﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺳب‬ ‫ﺗﻛون‬ ‫اﻟﻣدة‬ ‫وطﺑﻌﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﺑﯾرة‬ ‫ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬
. ‫ﺳﻧﯾن‬ ‫ﺧﻣﺳﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟك‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻛوﻗت‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺗرف‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺑﺢ‬

10. ١٠
‫س‬٥:‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣدى‬‫اﻧﺗﺷﺎر‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ﺧﺻوﺻﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟوطن‬‫اﻟﻌرﺑﻲ؟‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ﻣﻧﺗﺷرة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟدول‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﻘدﻣﺔ‬‫ﺑﺻورة‬‫ﻛﺑﯾرة‬‫ﺟدا‬‫و‬ً‫ﺧﺻوﺻﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
)‫اﻣرﯾﻛﺎ‬‫وﺑرﯾطﺎﻧﯾﺎ‬(‫و‬‫ﻟﻛن‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻻﺳف‬‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﻣﻧﺎ‬‫اﻟﻌرﺑﻲ‬‫ﻗﻠﯾﻠﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧﺗﺷﺎر‬‫و‬‫أن‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎت‬‫أدﺧﻠﺗﮭﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻟﻛن‬‫ﻣﻧذ‬‫ﻣدة‬‫ﺑﺳﯾطﺔ‬ً‫ﻧﺳﺑﯾﺎ‬.
‫س‬٦‫اﻟﻣﺣﺟوزة‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺎھﻲ‬ :‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻣﺢ‬‫إ‬‫ﻻ‬
‫؟‬ ‫اﺟﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻧﺷﺄت‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐرض‬

11. ١١
‫س‬٧:‫ﺗﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫إﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻛﯾف‬class‫ﻣﻌﯾن‬‫اﻟـ‬ ‫أﺣد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣن‬IDE‫؟‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻐط‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫اﻷﯾﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟزر‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻐط‬Refactor‫ﺗﺧﺗﺎر‬ ‫ﺛم‬
rename‫ﻣﻧك‬ ‫ﺗدﺧل‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻛود‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳم‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫وﺳوف‬
‫س‬٨‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ھو‬‫اﻟﻣﻘﺻود‬‫ﺑـ‬variable‫و‬value‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ؟‬
Variable:‫ھو‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬.
Value:‫ھو‬‫اﻋطﺎء‬‫او‬‫اﺳﻧﺎد‬‫ﻗﯾﻣﮫ‬‫ﻟذﻟك‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬.
‫؟‬ (Constructor) ‫س‬٩‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺴﺘﺮاﻛﺘﺮ‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺴﺘﺮاﻛﺘﺮ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋﻄﺎء‬‫اﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬‫اﻷوﻟﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻸ‬‫وﺑﺠﻜﺖ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻜﻼس‬‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬‫ﻟﮫ‬‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬‫إﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻼس‬ً ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬
‫ھﻨﺎك‬‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺴﺘ‬‫ﺮا‬‫ﻛﺘﺮ‬‫واﻟﻤﯿﺜﻮد‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ا‬‫ﻵ‬‫ﺗﻲ‬:
‫اﻟﻜﻨﻮﺳﺘﺮاﻛﺘﺮ‬:‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋﻄﺎء‬‫اﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻸ‬‫وﺑﺠﻜﺖ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﺧﻠﻘﮫ‬. .
‫اﻟﻤﯿﺜﻮد‬:‫ﺗﻌﻄ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻗﯿﻢ‬‫ﻟﻸ‬‫وﺑﺠﻜﺖ‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬. .
public ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺴﺘﺮاﻛﺘﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻜﻼس‬‫ﻻﯾﻮرث‬‫ﻟﻠﺴﺐ‬‫ﻛﻼس‬‫وﯾﻌﺮف‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫أﻧﮫ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬‫ﺗﺴﮭﻞ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬‫ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬‫اﻷ‬‫وﺑﺠﻜﺖ‬‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬‫ﺧﺎرج‬‫اﻟﻜﻼس‬‫ﻧﻔﺴ‬. ‫ﮫ‬
The KeyWord "THIS"
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﺑﻐﺮض‬‫ا‬. ‫اﻷوﺑﺠﻜﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء‬
key word "SUPER"
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻛﻮﻧﺴﺘﺮاﻛﺘﺮ‬‫اﻟﺴﺐ‬‫ﻛﻼس‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟﺘﻘﻮم‬‫ﺑﻮراﺛﺔ‬‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬‫واﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ‬‫ﻛﻼس‬.

12. ١٢
‫س‬١٠‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻗﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬ :‫ﺈ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻛﻼس‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎء‬‫ﺄ‬‫ادراج‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫)أي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎل‬
‫؟‬ (‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎراﻣﺘﺮات‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬‫ا‬‫ﻛﺘﺮ‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼس‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻟﮫ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:
public constructor(){} ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎء‬‫ا‬‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺮ‬
public constructor(int a){} ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎء‬‫ا‬‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺎراﻣﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺮ‬
public constructor(int a,int b){} ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎء‬‫ا‬... ‫ﺑﺒﺎراﻣﯿﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺦ‬.
‫س‬١١:‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻔﺎﯾﺖ‬)(private‫و‬‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻜـﺘﺪ‬protected)(‫و‬‫اﻟﺒﺎﺑﻠﻚ‬
(public)‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬‫؟؟‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫وﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬‫ﺑﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة‬‫اﻋﻼه‬‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬
)‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬acces modefires(،‫وھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺨ‬‫ﻮاص‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺈ‬‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬‫اﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻋﺪﻣﮭﺎ‬.
‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﯾﻔﺖ‬)private(:‫و‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﺸﻔﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬‫ﯾﻤﻨﻊ‬‫ﻣﻨﻌﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﺗﺎ‬‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬
‫اﻟﯿﮫ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺧﺎرج‬‫اﻟﻜﻼس‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮف‬‫ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬)‫أي‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬‫اﺳﻤﮫ‬. (

13. ١٣
‫ﺑﺮوﺗﻜـﺘﺪ‬protected)(:‫وھﻲ‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬‫اﻗﻞ‬‫درﺟﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻔﺎﯾﺖ‬‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﻼﺳﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻮارﺛﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﻼس‬‫اﻻﺻﻠﻲ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﻋﺮف‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﮫ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬‫اﻟﯿﮫ‬‫ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬)‫أي‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬،‫اﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬. (
‫ﺑﺎﺑﻠﯿﻚ‬(public):‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬‫وھﻲ‬‫أﻟﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬،‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬‫ﻟﻚ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫أي‬‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬‫ﺷﺌﺖ‬.
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬:‫اذا‬‫ﻟﻢ‬‫ﻧﻘﻢ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺈ‬‫دراج‬‫أي‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﻓﺎن‬‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬
‫ﺑﻤﻨﺤﮫ‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬Default Access Modifier‫اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﯿﺎ‬.
‫واﻟـ‬Default Access Modifier:
‫ﻧوع‬‫راﺑﻊ‬‫ﻟل‬Access Modifier‫ﻟﻛن‬‫ﻏﯾر‬‫ﻣﺷﮭوره‬‫ﺟدا‬
‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬‫أو‬‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﻟﻣﺎ‬‫ﺗﺳﺑﻘﮭﺎ‬‫أي‬‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﺛﻼث‬‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬private‫أو‬
protected‫أو‬public‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬‫ﺗﻌﺗﺑر‬Default.
‫و‬‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬‫ﻣﻌﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﺣﺻور‬‫داﺧل‬‫اﻟﻛﻼﺳﺎت‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫داﺧل‬‫اﻟ‬‫ـ‬pakage.
‫س‬١٢:‫أﺧزن‬ ‫ﻛﯾف‬‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻘوم‬ ‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫أوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬‫أي‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫وﻧﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻧﺷﺎﺋﮫ‬
‫أن‬ ‫وﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫إﻧﺷﺎﺋﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫أوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد‬ = ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣوﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﺄﺧذ‬
int i = 500;
i ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾرا‬ ‫أﻧﺷﺄﻧﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣظ‬
‫اﻹﺑﺗداﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗوي‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ھذا‬٥٠٠،‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﻧﻔس‬ ‫وھﻛذا‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫إﻋداد‬
‫ﻟﻸﻋداد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧزﻧﺔ‬..

14. ١٤
‫اﻟﻣﺧزﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫وﯾﺧﺗﻠف‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬‫ﻧﺻﯾﺔ‬‫اﻗﺗﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬
‫ﺗﺧزﯾﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣراد‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣول‬
String studentName = "Hamza ";
‫س‬١٣:‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻧوع‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫آﺧر‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺳﺎوي‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫أﺣد‬ ‫إﻋداد‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ھل‬
‫ﻧﻌم‬‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧرى‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻧوع‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫آﺧر‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺳﺎوي‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫إﻋداد‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ‬
int i = 500;
int k= i ;
‫س‬١٤:‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﺣدد‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﯾﺣدث‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬ ‫ﻟﻛن‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﺗداﺋﯾﺔ‬‫؟‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫أوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫وﻟذﻟك‬ ‫ﺧطﺄ‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺗرﺟم‬ ‫وﯾظﮭر‬ ‫ﺧطﺄ‬ ‫ﯾﺣدث‬ ‫ھﻧﺎ‬
‫س‬١٥:‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻗواﻋد‬ ‫ھﻧﺎك‬ ‫ھل‬
‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﻣراﻋﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫ﻗواﻋد‬ ‫ھﻧﺎك‬ ‫ﻧﻌم‬‫ﺑﺣرف‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫أﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺑدأ‬
‫إﻧﺟﻠﯾزي‬) ‫اﻟﺗﺳطﯾر‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ $ ‫اﻟدوﻻر‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫أو‬-‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﻛون‬ (‫وﺑﺷرط‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺣرف‬ ‫ﺳم‬
‫اﻟﺗر‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫إﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋدم‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺗرﺟم‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﻗﯾم‬
‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﺧطﺄ‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫إﺳم‬‫ﺗرﻗﯾم‬‫ﻛﺑﯾرا‬ ‫ﺣرﻓﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﻠت‬ ‫واذا‬
‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺑﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﻔس‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬:
studentName ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﻟن‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫ھذا‬
StudentName ‫ﺗﻐﯾﯾر‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻻﺳم‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺣرف‬
‫اﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﺧطﺄ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾؤدي‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫واﻟﺣرف‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻐرض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫داﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫وﻟذﻟك‬
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺣرف‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫ﺗﻛون‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯾرا‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫اﺳﻣﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫ﻣن‬‫ﺗرﻗﯾم‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻓواﺻل‬ ‫وﺑدون‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾرة‬ ‫ﺑﺣروف‬ ‫ﺗﺑدأ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯾرا‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻠﻣﺔ‬

15. ١٥
‫س‬١٦:‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑرﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫رﯾﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫وﻓﻛر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫رﯾﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻗدرات‬ ‫ﻋﻣوﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗطﻠب‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬
‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻛل‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺳب‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟرﻏم‬‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑرﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وأواﻣر‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﯾرﯾد‬
‫رﯾﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﺎﺳب‬ ‫ﺗﻌطﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷواﻣر‬ ‫وﺗﺳﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﮭﻛذا‬ ‫ﯾﻘوم‬
‫وﯾﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﺑﯾر‬
‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬ ‫واﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯾﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻌدة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﯾﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎﺑﯾر‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﺣدوث‬ ‫ﻣرات‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫وﺗﺳﺟﯾل‬‫واﻟﺿرب‬ ‫واﻟطرح‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎﺑﯾر‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫وﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫ﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺳﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺳﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻛذﻟك‬ ‫اﻟﯾس‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳﺎب‬ ‫ﻣدرس‬ ‫واﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫رﺟﻌﻧﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﻧﺎ‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬
‫واﻷﺣﻼم‬ ‫اﻟﺑراءة‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫اﻟﺧواﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﯾﺎم‬ ‫وﺗﻠك‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﻔوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ذﻛرﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌودة‬ ‫أﺟﻣل‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻧرﺟ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫اﻟوردﯾﺔ‬‫وﻧﺳﺗرﺟﻊ‬ ‫اﻹﻋدادﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣدرس‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟذاﻛرة‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫اﻷرﺑﻊ‬ ‫وﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺳﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺿرب‬ ‫واﻟطرح‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﮭﯾرة‬ ‫اﻷرﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻣﻌروﻓﺔ‬ +
‫و‬-‫ﻹﺟراء‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣؤﺛرات‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫وﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫ﻣؤﺛرات‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﻰ‬ ‫اﻟرﻣوز‬ ‫ھذه‬ / ‫و‬ * ‫و‬
‫اﻟرﯾﺎﺿ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬‫و‬ * ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻹﺧﺗﻼف‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺎؤل‬ ‫ﯾراودك‬ ‫طﺑﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻷرﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬×‫و‬ / ‫وﺑﯾن‬÷
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻣﺷﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟدﺳﺗور‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺛﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ‫اﻷﻣور‬ ‫ﯾﺳﮭل‬ ‫اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻗواﻋد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﺗﻔﻖ‬ ‫أﻣر‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬
‫ﻣﻧﮭﺎﺟﮫ‬
operators ( ‫)ﻣؤﺛرات‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬
‫اﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺟراء‬ + ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬-‫اﻟطرح‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر‬
‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ * ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺿرب‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬
‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ / ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺳﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬
‫اﻟﻘﺳﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد‬ % ‫اﻟﻣؤﺛر‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬
‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻘدار‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧزﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟزﯾﺎدة‬ ++ ‫اﻟﻣؤﺛر‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬
‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬--‫وا‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻘدار‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﻘﺎص‬‫ﺣد‬

16. ١٦
‫س‬١٧:‫أ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ھﻧﺎك‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﻘﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑدأت‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻷﻣور‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺗرى‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫اﻟﺗر‬ ‫أﻋرف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺟﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺳب‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺑﻌﮫ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﯾب‬
‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﺑط‬
‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟدراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻧﺳﺗرﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺟدا‬ ‫ھﺎم‬ ‫ﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫أﺣﺳﻧت‬‫ﻣدرس‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﯾف‬
‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺑﻖ‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫اﻵﺧر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺗوزع‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾرﻛز‬ ‫اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗرﺗﯾب‬ ‫ﺣﺳب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﺗﺗم‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺳب‬ ‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬
‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻘدار‬ ‫واﻟﻧﻘص‬ ‫اﻟزﯾﺎدة‬ ‫أوﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬
‫اﻟﻘﺳﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺳﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺿرب‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬
‫واﻟطرح‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺛم‬‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺿﺑط‬ = ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
‫س‬١٨:‫ھل‬‫ﯾ‬‫؟‬ ‫،ﺧطﺄ‬ ‫ﺻواب‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ھﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘط‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﺑوﻟﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫رﺟﻊ‬
‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺧطﺄ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺻواب‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺷرط‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺗﺑر‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑدأ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺻدﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻌم‬
‫ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺷرط‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣل‬ ‫ﺗﻘوم‬
‫ﺑﺳﯾط‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬‫؟‬ ‫ﺳﻣﺣت‬ ‫ﻟو‬ ‫اﻷﻣور‬ ‫ﯾوﺿﺢ‬
if (hour < 12)
System.out.println("Good morning.");
‫ﯾﺣدث‬ ‫ﻟن‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺷرط‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺣﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺷرط‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﯾرﺗﺑط‬ ‫اﻟﺷرط‬ ‫ﺟواب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ھﻧﺎ‬ ‫وﻧﻼﺣظ‬
‫ﺷﻲء‬
‫؟‬ ‫أﻓﻌل‬ ‫ﻓﻣﺎذا‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫أﻗﺎرن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أرﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﺻﻐر‬ ‫اﻟﻣؤﺛر‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧك‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫أﻗل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أﺧرى‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺎوي‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ھل‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺗﺑر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أردت‬ ‫اذا‬

17. ١٧
‫ﯾﺳﺎوي‬ ‫أو‬ >=
<= ‫ﯾﺳﺎوي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻛﺑر‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬
<= & >=
‫؟‬ ‫ﻓﻘط‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎوة‬ ‫إﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧﻧﻲ‬ ‫ھل‬
‫ﯾﺳﺎوي‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫وھل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺎوي‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧك‬ ‫ﻧﻌم‬‫آﺧر‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻧؤﻛد‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺎوي‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻛون‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫وﻧﻼﺣظ‬ == ‫اﻟﻣؤﺛر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺷرطﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺳﺎوي‬
‫؟‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﻛﯾف‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎوة‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫واﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫طﯾب‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎوة‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ != ‫اﻟﻣؤﺛر‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬
‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫أﻧواع‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣؤﺛرﯾن‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫وھل‬
‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫ﺑﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎص‬ ‫اﺳﺗرﯾﻧﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻋدا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫أﻧواع‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ != & == ‫اﻟﻣؤﺛرﯾن‬
‫اﻟﻧﮭﺞ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﯾﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺷرﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎدس‬ ‫اﻟدرس‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻠﻣﻧﺎ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﺣروف‬
‫ﺣروف‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺎوي‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫اﯾﻛوال‬
‫اﻟﻧﮭﺞ‬ ‫وھو‬ ‫واﺣدا‬ ‫أﻣرا‬ ‫اﻟﺷرط‬ ‫ﺟواب‬ ‫ﺗﺟﻌل‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
println ( )
‫؟‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻓﻣﺎذا‬ ‫اﻟﺷرط‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻛﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫اﻧﺟﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧرﻏب‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋدﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻟﻛﻧﻧﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﮭﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺗﮭﺞ‬ ‫ﺑدأت‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻵن‬ ‫أﻧك‬ ‫وأﺑﺷرك‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌك‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺻدﯾﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣك‬
‫ﺻدﻓﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻟﻧﺑﺣث‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺣر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐوص‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧذﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ‬ ‫وھذه‬
‫ﻟﻛﻲ‬‫ﻛﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺟز‬‫ﺗ‬‫اﻟﺣﺎﺻرﺗﯾن‬ { } ‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣل‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺷﺄ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾك‬ ‫اﻟﺷرط‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺟﺔ‬

18. ١٨
‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬ ‫اطﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣرﺗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣل‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬
main( )
‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣل‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ً‫اذا‬ { ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺎﺻرة‬ ‫وﺗﻧﺗﮭﻲ‬ } ‫اﻟﻔﺗﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺎﺻرة‬ ‫ﺗﺑدأ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﻠﺔ‬ ‫وھذه‬
‫اﻟﺣﺎﺳب‬ ‫ﻧﺟﻌل‬ ‫ﻟﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺷرط‬‫ﻛﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﻋدة‬ ‫ﺑﺈداء‬ ‫ﯾﻘوم‬‫ﺗ‬‫اﻟﺷرطﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺟﺔ‬
if (minute != 0) {
System.out.print(" " + minute + " ");
System.out.print( (minute != 1) ? "minutes" : "minute");
System.out.print(" past");
}
‫س‬١٩:‫اﻟﺷرط‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫اﻧﺟﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺳب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻧرﯾد‬ ‫اﻷﺣﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﻌﻣل‬ ‫واﻟﻘﯾﺎم‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌزﯾز‬ ‫أﺳﺗﺎذي‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻓﻣﺎذا‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرط‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫آﺧر‬‫ﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬‫؟‬
‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾك‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻟﻛﻲ‬
else ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ if
if (hour < 12)
System.out.println("Good morning.n");
else if (hour < 17)
System.out.println("Good afternoon.n");
else
System.out.println("Good evening.n");
_____________________________________________________
_________________
if ( grade = = 'A')
System.out.println(" ‫ﺑﺎﻣﺗﯾﺎز‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺢ‬ ");

19. ١٩
else if ( grade = = 'B')
System.out.println(" ‫ﺟدا‬ ‫ﺟﯾد‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻘدﯾر‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺢ‬ ");
else if ( grade = = 'C')
System.out.println("‫ﺟﯾد‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻘدﯾر‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺢ‬ ");
else if ( grade = = 'D')
System.out.println("‫ﻣﻘﺑول‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻘدﯾر‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺢ‬ ");
else
System.out.println(" ‫ﻟﻼﻋﺎدة‬ ‫وﺑﺎق‬ ‫راﺳب‬ ");
‫س‬٢٠:‫ﯾ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫أﻋﻼه‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻘط‬ ‫ﺷرطﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻻت‬‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫أﺧرى‬ ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫وﺟد‬
‫ﻣﺗﻧوﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺷروط‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ھذه‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻔردا‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷروط‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻧوﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫أﺧرى‬ ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﯾوﺟد‬
‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬
switch
----------------------------------------------------------
switch (month) {
case (1):
System.out.print("January");
break;
case (2):
System.out.print("February");
break;
case (3):
System.out.print("March");

20. ٢٠
break;
case (4):
System.out.print("April");
break;
case (5):
System.out.print("May");
break;
case (6):
System.out.print("June");
break;
case (7):
System.out.print("July");
break;
case (8):
System.out.print("August");
break;
case (9):
System.out.print("September");
break;
case (10):
System.out.print("October");
break;
case (11):
System.out.print("November");

21. ٢١
break;
case (12):
System.out.print("December");
}
‫ﻧﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫اﻟﺷﮭر‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ھﻧﺎ‬ ‫وھو‬ ‫اﺧﺗﺑﺎره‬ ‫اﻟﻣراد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﺳوﯾﺗش‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺳطر‬ ‫ﯾﺣدد‬
‫ﻛﺗﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺻرﺗﯾن‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬
case ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺳوﯾﺗش‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣدد‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺗﺑر‬
‫س‬٢١‫أﻧواع‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ال‬Methods‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ (‫)اﻟدوال‬
‫ھﻧﺎك‬‫ﻧوﻋﺎن‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻣﯾﺛود‬‫ز‬:
Getter:‫وﺗﺳﻣ‬‫ﻰ‬accessors methods‫وﻻ‬‫ﺗﻐﯾر‬‫ﺷﯾﺋﺎ‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫اﻷ‬‫وﺑﺟﻛت‬‫وﺗﻛون‬
‫ﻣﻌﮭﺎ‬‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬return‫ﻣﻼزﻣﺔ‬‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬.
‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬:frog.getPostion()‫ﻻﺗرﺟﻊ‬‫أي‬‫ﻗﯾم‬.
Setter:‫وﺗﺳﻣﻲ‬Mutater methods‫ﺗﻐﯾر‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫اﻻوﺑﺟﻛت‬‫وﻻﺗوﺟد‬‫ﻣﻌﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬return‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬:frog.setColour(RED(‫ﻏﯾرت‬‫اﻻوﺑﺟﻛت‬‫ﻓروغ‬‫ﻟﻠون‬
‫اﻻﺣﻣر‬.

22. ٢٢
‫س‬٢٢‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :packages‫؟‬
‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻛﻼﺳﺎت‬‫ﯾﺗم‬‫اﺳﺗدﻋﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬‫ﻋﻧد‬‫اﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬‫إﻟﯾﮭﺎ‬.‫وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬import
‫ﻻﺳﺗدﻋﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬،‫وﺗﻘوم‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺗدﻋﺎء‬‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬‫اﻟﻛﻼﺳﺎت‬‫ذات‬‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺑﺎﻛﺞ‬‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬
(*) ‫اﻟﻧﺟﻣﺔ‬.
‫ھﻧﺎك‬‫ﻧوﻋﯾن‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﺑﺎﻛﺞ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬:
١-standered java backages-------<‫ﻛﻼﺳﺎت‬‫ﺟﺎھزة‬‫ﻟﻼﺳﺗﺧدام‬.
٢-developer java packages-------<‫ﺗﻛﺗب‬‫او‬‫ﺗطور‬‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬‫اﻟﻣﺑرﻣﺞ‬‫ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬.
‫س‬٢٣‫اﻟﻔرق‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ال‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬overriding & overloading‫؟‬
overriding:‫ﺗﻌﻧﻲ‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ﻧﻔس‬‫اﻟﻣﯾﺛود‬‫ﺑﻧﻔس‬‫اﻷ‬‫ﺳم‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺳوﺑر‬‫ﻛﻼس‬‫واﻟﺳب‬‫ﻛﻼس‬
‫ﺗﻌدﯾﻠﮫ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯾﯾره‬ ‫اﻟﻣراد‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫ﺣﺳب‬ ‫ﻛﻼس‬ ‫اﻟﺳب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻌدل‬ ‫ﻟﻛﻧﻧﺎ‬.
overloading:‫ﻧﻔس‬‫اﻟﻣﯾﺛود‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻧﻔس‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫ﻟﻛﻧﮭﺎ‬‫ﺗﺧﺗﻠف‬‫ﻓﻲ‬. ‫اﻟﺑﺎراﻣﯾرات‬ ‫ﻋدد‬
‫س‬٢٤‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫أﻧواع‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :
primitive data type<<‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻘﯾم‬‫وﺗﻧﻘﺳم‬‫اﻟﻲ‬‫اﻧواﻋﻧﺎ‬‫اﻟﻣﻌروﻓﺔ‬: ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ،
int, double, byte, etc
refrenace type<<‫ﺗﺷﯾر‬‫إ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻰ‬‫اوﺑﺟﻛت‬: ‫ﻣﺛل‬String , Array.
‫س‬٢٥‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫اﻟـ‬escape sequence‫؟‬
‫ھو‬‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺑﺎك‬‫ﺳﻼش‬)(‫ﻟﯾﻐﯾر‬‫ﻣﻔﻌول‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌد‬‫اﻟﺣروف‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ﻓﻣﺛﻼ‬:
'n'‫ﺗﻌﻧﻲ‬‫ﺳطر‬‫ﺟدﯾد‬.

23. ٢٣
‫س‬٢٦‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :static‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬methods & variables‫؟‬
‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺣﺗوي‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ﻣن‬static methods OR variables‫ﺗﻌﻧﻲ‬‫اﻧﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺣﺗوي‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻧﺳﺧﺔ‬‫واﺣدة‬‫ﻓﻘط‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫ﻟﻛل‬‫اﻻوﺑﺟﻛﺗز‬.
‫ﯾﺗم‬‫ا‬‫ﺳﺗﺧدام‬static variables‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﺛواﺑت‬‫او‬‫ﻋﻧد‬‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬variable‫واﺣد‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻛل‬
‫اﻟﻛﻼﺳﺎت‬.
‫س‬٢٧* ‫ﺑﺎﻛﺞ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :java.lang.‫؟‬
‫ھذ‬‫ه‬‫اﻟﺑﺎﻛﺞ‬‫ﯾﺗم‬‫اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬‫ﻛﻼﺳﺎت‬‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ﻟذﻟك‬‫ﻟﯾس‬‫ھﻧﺎك‬‫داﻋﻲ‬‫ﻟﻺ‬‫ﺳﺗدﻋﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻛل‬‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬،،‫ﻷ‬‫ﻧﮫ‬‫ﯾﺗم‬‫اﺳﺗدﻋﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬‫اﺗوﻣﺎﺗﯾﻛﯾ‬‫ﺎ‬.
‫س‬٢٨:‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھو‬‫اﻟﻔرق‬‫ﺑﯾن‬(&)‫و‬(&&)‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺟﻣل‬‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬‫؟‬
‫اﻟﻔرق‬‫ﺑﯾﻧﮭﻣﺎ‬:
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬: (&)
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھذه‬‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﯾﻘوم‬‫اﻟﻣﺗرﺟم‬)‫اﻟﻛوﻣﺑﯾﻠر‬(‫ﺑﺎﻟﻧظر‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻣدﺧل‬‫اﻷول‬‫ﻓﺈذا‬‫ﻛﺎن‬‫ﺧﺎطﺋﺎ‬‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬
‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻔﺣص‬‫اﻟﻣدﺧل‬‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬.
‫ﻣﺛﺎﻟﮫ‬:
public void and()
{
int a = 10 ;
int b = 5 ;
if ((a == 22) & (++b == 5))
System.out.println("case one");
System.out.println (b);
}

24. ٢٤
‫ﺑﺎﻟطﺑﻊ‬‫ﻟن‬‫ﯾﻘوم‬‫اﻟﻣﺗرﺟم‬‫ﺑطﺑﺎﻋﺔ‬")case one("‫ﻷن‬‫أﺣد‬‫اﻟﺷرطﯾن‬‫ﻟم‬‫ﯾﺗﺣﻘﻖ‬‫وﻟﻛن‬
‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾطﺑﻊ‬b‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬‫ﺳﯾطﺑﻌﮭﺎ‬‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫دون‬‫أن‬‫ﯾزﯾد‬‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬‫ﻷﻧﮫ‬‫ﻟم‬‫ﯾﻔﺣص‬‫اﻟﻣدﺧل‬‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬
..
‫ﻟذا‬‫ﺳﯾطﺑﻊ‬‫ﻟﻧﺎ‬٥..
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬: (&&)
‫أﻣﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھذه‬‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻓﺈن‬‫اﻟﻣﺗرﺟم‬‫ﯾﻧظر‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻣدﺧل‬‫اﻷول‬‫واﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬‫ﻟو‬‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻣدﺧل‬‫اﻷول‬ً‫ﺧﺎطﺋﺎ‬..
public void and_and ()
{
int a = 10 ;
int b = 5 ;
if ((a == 22) && (++b == 5))
System.out.println("case two");
System.out.println (b);
}
‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬‫ھﻧﺎ‬‫ﻟن‬‫ﯾﻘوم‬‫اﻟﻣﺗرﺟم‬‫ﺑطﺑﺎﻋﺔ‬")case two("‫ﻷن‬‫أﺣد‬‫اﻟﺷرطﯾن‬‫ﻟم‬‫ﯾﺗﺣﻘﻖ‬‫وﻟﻛن‬
‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾطﺑﻊ‬b‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬‫ﺳﯾزﯾد‬‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬‫ﻷﻧﮫ‬‫ﻗﺎم‬‫ﺑﻔﺣص‬‫اﻟﻣدﺧل‬‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬..
‫ﻟذا‬‫ﺳﯾطﺑﻊ‬‫ﻟﻧﺎ‬٦..
‫س‬٢٩‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ﻓﺎﺋدة‬‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬toString()‫؟‬
‫ھذه‬‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﻣوﺟودة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬Object‫وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬‫ﻣوﺟودة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬،‫اﻟﻔﺋﺎت‬‫ﻷن‬‫ﻛل‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺎت‬
‫ﺗرث‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬Object.

25. ٢٥
‫ھذه‬‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﺗﻧﺗﺞ‬‫ﺻورة‬‫ﻧﺻﯾﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻛﺎﺋن‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷﻛل‬‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬String
‫ھذا‬‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬Sun‫ﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬toString
()toStringpublic String
a string that "textuallygeneral, the toString method returnsof the object. Instring representationReturns a
that is easy for a personconcise but informative representation. The result should be arepresents" this object
to read. It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
‫ﻟﻧﻔﺗرض‬‫ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬(‫)اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
public class Person {
String firstName, lastName;
int age;
public Person(String firstName, String lastName, int age) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.age = age;
}
}
‫إذا‬‫ﻧﻔذﻧﺎ‬‫اﻟﻛود‬‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬
Person p = new Person("Ahmed", "Ali", 40);
System.out.println(p);
‫ﺳﻧﺣﺻل‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
Person@3e25a5

26. ٢٦
‫ﺣﺻﻠﻧﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ھذه‬‫اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻧﻧﺎ‬‫ﻟم‬‫ﻧﻌﻣل‬override‫ل‬toString‫اﻟﻣوروﺛﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬Object.
‫ﻟﻛن‬‫إذا‬‫ﻏﯾرﻧﺎ‬‫اﻟﻛود‬‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬
public class Person {
String firstName, lastName;
int age;
public Person(String firstName, String lastName, int age) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return firstName + " " + lastName + " is " + age + " years
old.";
}
}
‫ﺳﻧﺣﺻل‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
Ahmed Ali is 40 years old.

27. ٢٧
‫س‬٣٠:‫ﻛﯾف‬‫أﻋﻣل‬Compile‫ﻟﻣﻠف‬java‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬‫ﺳطر‬‫اﻷواﻣر؟‬
‫ﻧﻛﺗب‬‫اﻷﻣر‬javac‫ﻣﺗﺑوﻋﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬
‫ﻣﺛﻼ‬
javac arabteam.java
‫س‬٣١:‫ﻛﯾف‬‫أﺷﻐل‬‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌد‬‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬compile‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬‫ﺳطر‬‫اﻷواﻣر؟‬
‫ﺑﻌد‬‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟـ‬compile‫ﯾﻧﺗﺞ‬‫ﻣﻠف‬‫ﯾﺣﻣل‬‫ﻧﻔس‬‫اﺳم‬‫ﻣﻠف‬.java‫و‬‫ﻟﻛن‬‫ذو‬‫اﻣﺗداد‬.class
‫ﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬‫ھذا‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬‫ﻧﻛﺗب‬‫اﻷﻣر‬java‫ﻣﺗﺑوﻋﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬)‫ﻣن‬‫دون‬‫اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ‬‫و‬‫اﻻﻣﺗداد‬(
‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬:
‫ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ‬‫ﻣﻠف‬arabteam.class
‫ﻧﻛﺗب‬
java arabteam
‫س‬٣٢‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫اﻟـ‬Casting‫؟‬
‫ھو‬‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻧوع‬‫ﻟﻧوع‬‫آﺧر‬‫وذﻟك‬‫ﺑﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬‫اﻟﻧوع‬‫اﻟﻣطﻠوب‬‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬‫اﻟﯾﮫ‬‫ﺑﯾن‬
‫ﻗوﺳﯾن‬()‫اﻣﺎم‬‫اﻻﻛﺳﺑرﯾﺷﯾن‬‫اﻟﻣراد‬: ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ، ‫ﺗﺣوﯾﻠﮫ‬
;12=c,24=b,35=aint
;cchar
);c+b+a()char(=c

28. ٢٨
‫س‬٣٣‫اﻟﺛواﺑت‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :Constants)‫؟‬ (
‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﺛواﺑت‬‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬final‫ﻟﻠدﻻﻟﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻧﮭﺎ‬‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬‫ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬‫ﻏﯾر‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺗﻐﯾﯾر‬.
‫ﻣﺛل‬:;final int s = 2
‫س‬٣٤‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ھو‬‫اﻟﻔرق‬‫ﺑﯾن‬‫ھ‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬
global
local
static
dynamic
global‫ﻣﻌﻧﺎھﺎ‬‫اﻧﮫ‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬‫ﺣد‬‫ﯾﻘدر‬‫ﯾﺷوف‬‫ھذا‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬..
‫أﻣﺎ‬local]‫ﯾﺻﺑﺢ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻣﺳﺗوى‬‫اﻟﺑﻠوك‬‫او‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﻧﻛﺷن‬‫اﻟﻠ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻣﺗﻌرف‬‫داﺧﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎرﯾﺑل‬‫او‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻣﺳﺗوى‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫اﻟذي‬‫داﺧﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻔراﯾﺑل‬..
‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ال‬Static‫ﻓ‬‫ﮭذا‬‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬‫ﯾﺑﻘﻰ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑت‬‫ﻣﻌﺎك‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫طول‬‫ﺑﻧﻔس‬‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬‫اﻻﻧﺗﮭﺎء‬‫ﻣن‬
‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
dynamic‫ھذا‬‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬‫ﺗﺗﻐﯾر‬‫ﻗﯾﻣﺗﮫ‬‫اﺛﻧﺎء‬‫ال‬run -time‫ﻟﻠ‬‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬..

29. ٢٩
‫س‬٣٥‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ھو‬‫اﻟﻔرق‬‫ﺑﯾن‬String and Stringbuffer‫؟‬
String:‫ﯾﻌﺗﺑر‬‫ﻛﻧوع‬‫ﻟﺗﻌر‬‫ﯾ‬‫ف‬‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬‫ﻧﺻﻲ‬‫وﻻ‬‫ﯾﺣﺗﺎج‬‫إ‬‫ﻟﻰ‬new‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌدﯾل‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫وﻻ‬
‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫اﺛﻧﺎء‬RunTime.
Stringbuffer:‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫وﻟﻛﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻌرﯾف‬new‫اﻟﺗﻌدﯾل‬ ‫وﯾﻣﻛن‬
‫أﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬RunTime.
‫س‬٣٦:‫ھ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ذا‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻛﻼس‬‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ط‬‫اﻻﺣﻣر‬‫؟‬
import java.util.GregorianCalendar
‫ھ‬‫و‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺟوز‬ ‫ﻛﻼس‬‫ﺔ‬‫وﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫واﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠوﻗت‬ ‫دوال‬ ‫ﻋده‬ ‫داﺧﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾوﺟد‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺳب‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت‬. ‫اﻟﻣوﻗﻊ‬
) ‫اﻟوراﺛﺔ‬(Inheritance
‫س‬٣٧:‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬‫اﻟوراﺛﺔ‬)(inheritance‫؟؟‬
‫ھﻲ‬‫ﺑﻣﻔﮭوﻣﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬‫ان‬‫ﯾرث‬‫اﻻﺑن‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﺑﯾﮫ‬‫ﺑﻌض‬‫او‬‫ﻛل‬‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﮫ‬‫و‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﯾﺎﺗﮫ‬،‫ﻓﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫ﺗوﻓر‬‫ﻟك‬‫ھذه‬‫اﻟﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﺧﻼل‬‫اﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫وراﺛﺔ‬‫ﻛﻼس‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻛﻼس‬‫اﺧر‬‫ﺣﯾث‬‫ﯾﺻﺑﺢ‬

30. ٣٠
‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫اﻟﺟدﯾد‬‫ﯾﻣﺗﻠك‬‫ﻛل‬‫ﺧواص‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫اﻻول‬)‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬،‫دوال‬...‫اﻟﺦ‬(‫وﯾﺳﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫اﻟﺟدﯾد‬‫ﺑـ‬‫ﺳﺎب‬‫ﻛﻼس‬)(SubClass.
‫س‬٣٨:‫ھل‬‫ﻧﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬‫اﻟوﺻول‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﻛل‬‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫اﻻﺻﻠﻲ‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫اﻟﺳﺎب‬
‫ﻛﻼس‬)(SubClass‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫طرﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋن‬
‫ا‬‫ذا‬‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬‫ﺑر‬‫ا‬‫ﯾﻔت‬‫؟؟‬
‫اﻟﺟواب‬:،‫ﻻ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧك‬‫اﻟوﺻول‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬‫ﺑﺻﯾﻐﺔ‬‫ﺑر‬‫اﯾﻔ‬‫ت‬‫ﻋن‬‫طرﯾﻖ‬‫اﺳم‬
‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة‬‫ﺑل‬‫ﻋن‬‫طرﯾﻖ‬‫اﻟﺳﯾت‬set)(‫و‬‫اﻟﺟﯾت‬)get(‫اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬.
‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ‬:‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻣﺳﺗﺣﺳن‬‫ﺟﻌل‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬‫ﺑﺻﯾﻐﺔ‬‫ﺑروﺗﻛ‬‫ﺗ‬‫د‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫اﻻﺻﻠﻲ‬‫ﻟﯾﺳﮭل‬
‫ﻋﻠﯾك‬‫اﻟوﺻول‬‫اﻟﯾﮫ‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﺧﻼل‬‫اﻟﻛﻼﺳﺎت‬‫اﻟوارﺛﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬‫ھذا‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬.
‫اﻹﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎءات‬Exceptions)(
‫س‬٣٩‫اﻹ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎءات‬‫؟‬
‫ھو‬‫ﺣدث‬‫ﯾظﮭر‬‫اﺛﻧﺎء‬‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫وﯾﻌرﻗل‬‫ﺧط‬‫ﺳﯾر‬‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻲ‬‫وﯾﺗم‬‫ﺣﻣل‬‫ھذه‬
‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎءات‬‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻻﺧطﺎء‬‫اﻟﻣﺗوﻗﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻐﯾر‬‫ﻣﺗوﻗﻌﺔ‬.
‫اﻣﺛﻠﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺑﻌض‬‫اﻻﺧطﺎء‬‫اﻟﻣﺗوﻗﻌﺔ‬:
‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﯾﺣﺎول‬‫ﻗراءة‬‫ﻟﯾﻧك‬‫ﻏﯾر‬‫ﻣوﺟود‬
‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻣﺻﻣم‬‫ﻟﻘراءة‬‫ارﻗﺎم‬‫اﻧﺗﺟر‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻣﻠف‬‫ﻓﯾﺟدھﺎ‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻧوع‬‫ﺳﺗرﯾﻧﺞ‬.

31. ٣١
‫س‬٤٠‫ﺣﻣل‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :) ‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎءات‬(Exception handle‫؟‬
١-‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺟد‬‫اﻟﺳﺳﺗم‬‫ﺧطﺄ‬‫ﯾﺗم‬‫إﯾﻘﺎف‬‫ﺗدﻓﻖ‬‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫وﺗﺳﻣﻰ‬‫ﺑﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻗذف‬‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء‬throw the exception.
٢-‫ﯾﺗم‬‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬‫اوﺑﺟﻛت‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻧوع‬‫ﺧﺎص‬‫ﯾﺳﻣﻲ‬exception‫وﯾﺣﻣل‬‫ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬‫ﻋن‬‫اﻟﺧطﺄ‬
‫اﻟذي‬. ‫ﺣدث‬
٣-‫ﺑﻌد‬‫ذﻟك‬‫ﯾﺗم‬‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﺧطﺄ‬‫واﻟﺗﻘﺎطﮫ‬‫واﯾﺟﺎد‬‫ﺣل‬‫ﻣﻧﺎﺳب‬‫وﺗﺳﻣﻰ‬‫ﺑﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬
catch the exception.
‫س‬٤١‫؟‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎءات‬ ‫أﻧواع‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :
١-Errors class and its subclasses
‫ﻟﻼﺧطﺎء‬‫اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬:‫ﻣﺛل‬‫اﻧﺗﮭﺎء‬‫اﻟذاﻛرة‬
٢-Exception class and its subclasses
‫اﺧطﺎء‬‫ﻣﺣﺗﻣﻠﺔ‬‫وﻣﺗوﻗﻊ‬‫ﺣدوﺛﮭﺎ‬‫وﺗﺳﻣﻰ‬Checked exceptions‫وﻻﺑد‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﺗﻘﺎطﮭﺎ‬
‫واﻻ‬‫ﺗﺳﺑب‬‫ﺧطﺄ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
٣-Runtime exceptions and its subclasses
‫أﺧطﺎء‬‫ﯾﺳﻣﺢ‬‫اﻟﻣﺗرﺟم‬compiler‫ﺑﺗﺟﺎھﻠﮭﺎ‬‫وﺗﺳﻣﻰ‬Uncheck Exception
*-‫ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠ‬‫ـ‬Checked exceptions‫ﯾﺗم‬‫اﻟﺗﻘﺎط‬‫اﻟﺧطﺄ‬‫ﺑطرﯾﻘﺗﯾن‬:
١-Try.. catch blocks
‫وطرﯾﻘﺗﮫ‬:
try‫اﻟﻛود‬‫اﻟﻣﺷﻛوك‬‫ﺑﺣدوث‬‫ﺧطﺄ‬‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬
catch‫اﻟﻛود‬‫اﻟذي‬‫ﯾﺟب‬‫ان‬‫ﯾﻧﻔذ‬‫إذا‬‫ﺣﺻل‬‫وﺣدث‬‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء‬

32. ٣٢
‫ﯾﺗم‬‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬finally block‫داﺋﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺗم‬‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذه‬‫ﺑﻌد‬‫ال‬try‫ﺑﻠوك‬‫وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫ﻟوﺿﻊ‬‫ﻛود‬
‫ﻧظﯾف‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎءات‬.
٢-‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء‬exception‫ﻓﻲ‬‫راس‬‫اﻟﻣﯾﺛود‬in the method header:
‫ﯾﺗم‬‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫راس‬‫اﻟﻣﯾﺛود‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬Throws‫ﯾﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬‫ﻧوع‬‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء‬..
public Boolean check format (String fileName) throws EO
Exception
‫ﻋﺎم‬
‫س‬٤٢:System.out.print ('1'+1);
‫طﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺑوت‬ ‫اﻵوت‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺎذا‬٥٠!‫؟‬
‫ﻻن‬character 1
‫ﻗﯾﻣﺗﮫ‬‫ب‬‫اﻻﺳﻛﻲ‬‫ﻛود‬٤٩
‫زي‬‫ﻣﺛﻼ‬‫ﺣرف‬'a'
‫ﻗﯾﻣﺗﮫ‬٩٧
‫ﻓﻠﻣﺎ‬‫ﺗﺳوي‬
'a' +1
‫ﯾطﺑﻊ‬‫ﻟك‬٩٨

33. ٣٣
‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﯾوﺟد‬ ‫آﺳﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺟدول‬ ‫وھذا‬‫ﻛل‬char‫وﻗﯾﻣﺗﮫ‬‫ب‬‫اﻟ‬‫ـ‬Decemal
http://www.unfiction.com/dev/tutorial/ascii.html
‫س‬٤٣‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :Deprecated‫؟‬
‫ﻟﻧﻔﺗرض‬‫أﻧك‬‫ﻛﺗﺑت‬،‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬‫واﻟﻧﺳﺧﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬‫ﺗﺣﺗوي‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬Class1.
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻧﺳﺧﺔ‬‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬،‫اﻟﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬‫وﺟدت‬‫أن‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬Class1‫ﯾﻧﻘﺻﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻛﺛﯾر‬‫ﻣن‬،‫اﻟﻣﯾزات‬
‫ﻓﻘررت‬‫أن‬‫ﺗﻛﺗب‬‫ﻓﺋﺔ‬‫ﺟدﯾدة‬Class2‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﺗﻘوم‬‫ﺑﻧﻔس‬‫ﻋﻣل‬Class1‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻷﺷﯾﺎء‬
‫أﺧرى‬.
‫طﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﻟن‬‫ﺗﻘوم‬‫ﺑﻣﺳﺢ‬Class1،‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة‬‫ﺑل‬‫أوﻻ‬‫ﺳﺗﻘوم‬‫ﺑوﺻﻔﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ‬deprecated،
‫أي‬‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﺗﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬(‫ﻣﮭﻣﻠﮫ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫)ﻗدﯾﻣﺔ‬،‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬‫ﯾﻌرف‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻌﻣﻠون‬‫أن‬‫ھذه‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬‫ﻣﺗﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬‫وﯾﺟب‬
‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬Class2.‫ﺑﻌد‬،‫ذﻟك‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻧﺳﺦ‬،‫اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧك‬‫ﺣذﻓﮭﺎ‬.
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫أﻛﺛر‬‫اﻷﺣﯾﺎن‬‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫اﻟـ‬Deprecated‫ﻟوﺻف‬‫اﻟطراﺋﻖ‬Methods‫اﻟﻣﺗﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﯾﻧﺻﺢ‬‫ﺑﻌدم‬‫اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬:‫ﻓﻲ‬JFrame‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬Show‫ھﻲ‬Deprecated‫ﺣﯾث‬‫ﺗم‬‫اﺳﺗﺑداﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬
setVisible
‫س‬٤٤‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :Generic class‫؟‬
‫ھو‬‫ﻛﻼس‬‫ﯾﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬‫ﻋﺎم‬‫وﯾﺣﺗوي‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻷﻗل‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻋﻧﺻر‬‫واﺣد‬‫ﻏﯾر‬‫ﻣﺣدد‬‫اﻟﻧوع‬،
‫اﻷوﺑﺟﻛت‬ ‫إﻧﺷﺎء‬ ‫أﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾده‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬.

34. ٣٤
‫و‬‫ھو‬‫ﺑﺎﺧﺗﺻﺎر‬‫اﻟﻘدرة‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫أﻧﻲ‬‫ارﺳل‬‫أو‬‫أﺑﻌث‬Type‫ﻛﺑراﻣﯾﺗر‬،‫وال‬Generic‫اﻗدر‬
‫اﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮫ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫أو‬‫اﻟﻣﯾﺛود‬،‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬‫ﻛﺄﻧﻲ‬‫اﻗوﻟﮫ‬‫أن‬‫اﻟﻣﯾﺛود‬‫اﻟﻠﻲ‬‫اﺳﺗﺧدﻣت‬‫ﻣﻌﮭﺎ‬‫ال‬
Generic‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬‫راح‬‫ﺗﺎﺧذ‬Type‫ﻏﯾر‬‫ﻣﺣدده‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫وﻗت‬‫إﻧﺷﺎﺋﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﻛﻼس‬‫أو‬‫اﻟﻣﯾﺛود‬،
‫طﯾب‬‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬‫ﻣﺗﻰ‬‫ﺗﺣدد‬‫ﻟﮫ‬‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬‫؟‬‫راح‬‫ﺗﺣدده‬‫ﻟﮫ‬‫أﻧت‬‫أو‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫وھو‬‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬
‫أو‬‫اﻟﻣﯾﺛود‬،‫ﻓﻌﺷﺎن‬‫ﻛذا‬‫ھذا‬‫ﯾﻌﺗﺑر‬‫أﻣر‬‫ﻟل‬Compiler‫أﻧﮫ‬‫ّك‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﯾﺷ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬Compiler
Time‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬‫أو‬‫ال‬Type‫اﻟﻠﻲ‬‫ﻣرﺳﻠﮫ‬‫ﻟﮫ‬،‫وطﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ھو‬‫ﻗﺳم‬‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬‫ﺟدا‬‫ﺑس‬‫ھذا‬
‫ﺷرح‬‫ﺑﺳﯾ‬‫ط‬. ‫ﻟﮫ‬
‫س‬٤٥:‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬Interface‫؟‬
‫ھو‬‫ﻋﺑﺎرة‬‫ﻋن‬‫ﺷﻲء‬‫ﺷﺑﯾﮫ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻛﻼس‬‫اﻟﻌﺎدي‬‫إﻻ‬‫اﻧﮫ‬‫ﻻﯾﺣﺗوي‬‫ﺳوى‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ‬‫و‬
‫ﻣﯾﺛودات‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻧوع‬Abstract‫أي‬‫ﻣﯾﺛود‬‫ھﯾدر‬‫ﻓﻘط‬.
*‫اﻻﻧﺗرﻓﯾس‬:‫ﻛﻲ‬‫ﯾﺗم‬‫اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮫ‬‫ﻻﺑد‬‫ان‬‫ﻧﻌﻣل‬implements‫ﻟﻛﻼس‬‫آﺧر‬.
*‫ﻻﯾﻣﻛن‬‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬‫اوﺑﺟﻛت‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻻﻧﺗرﻓﯾس‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬new.
*‫ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬‫اﻻﻧﺗرﻓﯾس‬‫ان‬‫ﯾرث‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻛﺛر‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻧﺗرﻓﯾس‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬extends.
*‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫اﻟﻌﺎدي‬‫ﻏﯾر‬‫ﻣﺳﻣوح‬‫ﻟﮫ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟوراﺛﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻛﺗر‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﺳوﺑر‬‫ﻛﻼس‬،‫ﻟﻛﻧﮫ‬‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬‫ﻟﮫ‬
implements‫اﻛﺗر‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻧﺗرﻓﯾس‬.
GUI
‫س‬٤٦‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ھﻲ‬GUI)‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ؟‬
•‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺻر‬GUI‫ھو‬‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬‫ﯾﺗﻔﺎﻋل‬‫ﻣﻌﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫ﻋن‬‫طرﯾﻖ‬‫ﻣﺎوس‬‫أو‬‫ﻟوﺣﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ‬
‫أو‬‫أي‬‫ﻧوع‬‫آﺧر‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻣدﺧﻼت‬.

35. ٣٥
•‫وﻣن‬‫اﻷﻣﺛﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯾﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻧﺎ‬ ‫إذا‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﻛﻼس‬JOptionPaneً‫ﻣﺛﻼ‬‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ،‫اﻟ‬‫ﻣﯾﺛود‬
()showInputDialog‫ﻟﻠﺣﺻول‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻣدﺧﻼت‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬.
‫س‬٤٧‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ھو‬‫ﻋﻣل‬‫اﻟﻣﻛون‬(‫)اﻟﻌﻧﺻر‬JFrame‫؟‬
•JFrame‫ﻣﻛون‬‫ﯾ‬‫وﻓر‬‫اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﺣﺗﯾﺔ‬‫ﻟواﺟﮭﺔ‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬)GUI. (
•‫ﯾوﻓر‬JFrame‫ﺳﻠوك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬‫اﻟ‬،‫ﻧﺎﻓذة‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﮭو‬‫ﯾﺣﺗوي‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷرﯾط‬‫اﻟ‬،‫ﻌﻧوان‬‫و‬‫أزرار‬
،‫ﻹﻏﻼق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺗﻛﺑﯾر‬،‫واﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫أدﻧﻰ‬‫ﺣد‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻧﺎﻓذة‬.
‫س‬٤٨‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ھﻲ‬‫طرق‬‫اﻟـ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬JFrame‫؟‬
•‫إﻧﺷﺎء‬object)(‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻧوع‬JFrame.
•‫اﻟوراﺛﺔ‬extends)(‫ﻣن‬(‫)ﻓﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻼس‬Jframe.
‫س‬٤٩:‫واﺟﮭﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻛود‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻣرﺋﯾﺔ‬‫؟‬
‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ‬Frame: ‫اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛود‬ ‫طرﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋن‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣوﺟودة‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﺋﻧﺎت‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ‬swing
import javax.swing.*;
. ‫اﻟﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺟودة‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﺋﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻹدراج‬ * ‫واﻟـ‬
JFrame Frame2 = new JFrame();
Frame2.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
Frame2.setTitle("‫اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫;)"ﻋﻨﻮان‬
Frame2.setSize(300,300); // ‫اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬

36. ٣٦
Frame2.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
Frame2.pack();
Frame2.setVisible(true); // ‫اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫إﻇﮭﺎر‬
Frame2.setLocation(200,60); // ‫ﻇﮭﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬
Frame2.setResizable(false); // ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬
Frame2.setBackground(Color.BLUE); vcvcvcvcvv
}
: ‫اﻟوارﺛﺔ‬ ‫طرﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫أو‬
public class MainClass extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MainClass().setVisible(true);
}
: ‫ﻟﻠﻧﺎﻓذة‬ ‫ﻟون‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻣل‬
Container C = Arabic.getContentPane();
C.setBackground(Color.red);
‫اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم‬ ‫ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺑد‬ ‫أوﻻ‬ : ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﺻف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﻓذة‬ ‫ﺟﻌل‬ ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ‬
// import the libraries
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
// Get the size of the screen
Dimension dim =
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
// Determine the new location of the window
int w = Frame2.getSize().width;
int h = Frame2.getSize().height;
int x = (dim.width-w)/2;
int y = (dim.height-h)/2;
// Move the window

37. ٣٧
Frame2.setLocation(x, y);
‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬Pack ()‫ﺑدﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔرﯾم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺟودة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺟم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔرﯾم‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺟﯾم‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺗﻘوم‬
: ‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﻣن‬
Frame2.setSize(width, height);
‫داﻟﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮫ‬setSize: ‫اﻟﺻورة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔرﯾم‬ ‫ﻋﻧوان‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬ ‫ﺳوف‬ ‫ﻓﻘط‬
Example :
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class Pack extends JFrame {
private Button button1 = new Button("Button 1");
private Button button2 = new Button("Button 2");
private Button button3 = new Button("Button 3");
private Button button4 = new Button("Button 4");
private Button button5 = new Button("Button 5");
public Pack() {
super("pack() vs. setSize() method Example");
this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
contentPane.add(button1);
contentPane.add(button2);

38. ٣٨
contentPane.add(button3);
contentPane.add(button4);
contentPane.add(button5);
//this.setSize(450, 90);
this.pack();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Pack mainFrame = new Pack();
mainFrame.setVisible(true);
}
}
‫ﻋﻧوان‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬JLabel‫ﻟﻠﻔرﯾم‬
JLabel t1 = new JLabel("Any text here");
JLabel t2 = new JLabel(message);// message is a String variable
o‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟظﺎھر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯾﯾر‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬Label‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬setText() method
t1.setText("New Text"); // You can also use variables here
o‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺟود‬ ‫اﻟﻧص‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺻول‬Label: ‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬
String str = t1.getText();
‫اﻟـ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫زر‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬Frame‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬Button‫ﻛـ‬Object‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫إرﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫داﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﺳﺗدﻋﺎء‬
‫اﻟزر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬ ‫ﺳوف‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬
JButton button = new JButton("Title of Button");

39. ٣٩
o‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬ ‫إرﺳﺎل‬ ‫أو‬setText(String)
button.setText("Title of Button ");
o‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺟود‬ ‫اﻟﻧص‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺻول‬JButton‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬: ‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬
String txt = button.getText();
o:‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻠزر‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻣﯾﺢ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫داﻟﺔ‬
b.setToolTipText("click me");
o‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻔرﯾم‬ ‫ﻋرض‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫اﻟﻔرﯾم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﺋن‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫ﺛم‬
setVisible()
Frame2.add(b);
‫ﻧﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻘل‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬JTextField‫ﯾﺳﻣﺢ‬‫اﻟﻧص‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﺳطر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﺣرﯾر‬
JTextField tf = new JTextField(); // The default
constructor
JTextField tf2 = new JTextField(25); // Constructs the
JTextField of size
JTextField tf3 = new JTextField("Hello World", 25); // With size
and default text
o‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧك‬‫اﺳﺗرﺟﺎﻋﮭﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻧص‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣن‬setText ()
tf.setText("New Text"); /* or */ tf.setText(txt);
o‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺗﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻣﻛن‬JFrame
frame.add(new JTextField("Hello World", 25));
// or //
frame.add(tf);
o‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺻﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺟود‬ ‫اﻟﻧص‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﺻول‬getText ()

40. ٤٠
String Stext = JTextField1.getText();
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬combbox‫ﻟﻠﻔرﯾم‬‫ﻋﻧﺎﺻر‬ ‫ﻣﺻﻔوﻓﺔ‬ ‫طرﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ :
JComboBox com = new JComboBox();
s = new String []{"sasa","sasfg","dd","aa"};
com.setModel(new javax.swing.DefaultComboBoxModel(s));
Frame2.add(com);
o‫ﻧﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻘل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺻر‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬JTextField‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣن‬
JComboBox.addItem(Object item ):
tf3 = new JTextField("Hello World", 25); // With
size and default text
Frame2.add(tf3);
com = new JComboBox<Object>();
Frame2.add(com);
com.addItem(tf3.getText()); // add to CombBox from
JTextField
o‫ﻧوع‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻻن‬ : ‫ﻧﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺻر‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬String‫ﯾﻌﺗﺑر‬Object‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻻن‬
‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎرة‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬Objects
String comtxt="Add in Combobox";
com.addItem(comtxt);
o‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺟﻌل‬CombBox‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌدﯾل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬setEditable
com.setEditable(true);
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬list‫ﻟﻠﻔرﯾم‬
list = new JList(data); //data has type Object[]
‫ﻣﺻﻔوﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﯾم‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
String[] ar = {"one", "two", "three"};
JList list = new JList(ar);
Frame2.add(list);

41. ٤١
o‫ﻟﻠـ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺎﺻر‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬list‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ListModel class‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ‫اوﻻ‬ ‫ﻻﺑد‬
DefaultListModel
DefaultListModel listModel = new DefaultListModel();
listModel.addElement("item 1");
listModel.addElement("item 2");
o‫اﻟـ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫وﯾﻣﻛن‬DefaultListModel‫ﻟﻠـ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫داﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬list
JList list = new JList(listModel);
o‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬ ‫أﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫وﻗت‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺎﺻر‬ ‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻵن‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬addElement() method
listModel.addElement("new item");
o‫ﻣوﻗﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺻر‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬
int index=3;
listModel.add(index, object);
o‫اﻟـ‬object‫ﻏﯾرة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻧﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻘل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻧﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﺳواء‬
o‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺻر‬ ‫ﻟﺣذف‬list‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬index‫ﺣذﻓﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣراد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧﺻر‬ ‫ﻋﻧوان‬
listModel.remove(index);
o:‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺬف‬
listModel.clear();
o‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣدد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧﺻر‬list
list.setSelectedItem(n);
o‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣدد‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻹرﺟﺎع‬JList‫اﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ،
s = (String) list.getSelectedValue();
‫اﻷﺳﻠوب‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫وﯾﻌرف‬‫ﯾﻌﯾد‬‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬object‫ﻷن‬JList‫أﻧواع‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗوي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫اﻟواﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟرﻣوز‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﺗﻌرف‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة‬ ‫اﻟﺻور‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺑﯾل‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺳل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷﺧرى‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﺋﻧﺎت‬
o‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻌدد‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﺣدﯾد‬JList
JList.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.MULTIPLE_INTERV
AL_SELECTION);

42. ٤٢
‫اﻟﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ListSelectionModel: ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬
- MULTIPLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION //(default select) ‫ﻣﺗﻌدد‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻧﺎﺻر‬
- SINGLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION // ‫ﻓﻘط‬ ‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬
- SINGLE_SELECTION
// Create a list that allows adds and removes
DefaultListModel model = new DefaultListModel();
JList list = new JList(model);
// Initialize the list with items
String[] items = {"A", "B", "C", "D"};
for (int i=0; i<items.length; i++) {
listModel.add(i, items[i]);
}
// Append an item
int pos = list.getModel().getSize();
listModel.add(pos, "E");
// Insert an item at the beginning
pos = 0;
listModel.add(pos, "a");
o‫اﻟﻣﺣدد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺗوى‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻐﯾر‬
pos = 1; // index of item to replace it
listModel.set(pos, "b");
o‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﺣﺳب‬ ‫ﻣﺣدد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻر‬ ‫ﻟﺣذف‬index

43. ٤٣
// Remove the first item
pos = 0; // any index of item
listModel.remove(pos);
o‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺻر‬ ‫أﺧر‬ ‫ﻟﺣذف‬
// Remove the last item
pos = listModel.getSize()-1;
if (pos >= 0) {
listModel.remove(pos);
}
o‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻر‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻟﺣذف‬list:
// Remove all items
listModel.clear();
‫س‬٥٠‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟـ‬Swing‫؟؟‬
‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬‫ﻷدوات‬‫اﻟو‬‫ا‬‫ﺟﮭ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾ‬‫ﺔ‬)‫ﻣﺛل‬:‫اﻷزرار‬،‫ﻣرﺑﻌﺎت‬‫اﻟﻧص‬( …‫ﺗﺧﺗﺻر‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬GUI‫و‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣن‬‫إﻧﺗﺎج‬Sun Microsystems،‫ﺗﻛون‬‫ﻣﺿﻣﻧﮫ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟـ‬Java‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳم‬
Swing.
‫ﺗﺗﻣﯾز‬‫ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ‬:
.‫ﻣﺗﻌدد‬‫ة‬‫اﻟﻣﻧﺻﺎت‬،‫أي‬‫ﺗﻌﻣل‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫أي‬‫ﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﮫ‬‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌدﯾل‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯾﮫ‬‫ﻟﻠﺗﺟدﯾد‬
‫ﺧﻔﯾﻔﺔ‬

44. ٤٤
‫س‬٥١:‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬SWT‫؟‬
‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﮫ‬‫ﻟﻠـ‬GUI‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟـ‬Java،‫وﺗﺳﻣﻰ‬SWT.‫ﺗم‬‫ﺑرﻣﺟﺗﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺷرﻛﺔ‬IBM‫و‬
‫اﻷن‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﺷروع‬‫ﻣﻔﺗوح‬‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬،‫ﻣدﻋﻣﮫ‬‫ﻣن‬IBM،‫ﺗﻌﺗﺑر‬‫اﻟـ‬SWT‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬‫ﻟﻸدوات‬
‫اﻟﺛﻘﯾﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬)Heavyweight، (‫وﺗﺳﻣﺢ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺗﻐﻼل‬‫أﺳﺎس‬‫ﻧظﺎم‬‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬‫ﻟﻌﻣل‬‫وﺟﮭﮫ‬
‫رﺳوﻣﯾﮫ‬GUI،‫وﺗﻘوم‬‫ﺑﺈﻧﺷﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺗﺧدام‬‫اﻟو‬‫اﺟﮭﺔ‬‫اﻷﺻﻠﯾ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠـ‬Java،‫ﻣن‬‫ﯾزاﺗﮭﺎ‬َ‫ﻣُﻣ‬
‫اﻟﺳرﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺗﺄﺛﯾرات‬‫اﻟﺟﻣﯾﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ُطﻠﻖ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬‫أﺳم‬‫اﻟـ‬Look and Feel،‫و‬‫ﻣن‬
‫ﺳﻠﺑﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬‫ﻛﺛرة‬‫ا‬‫ﺣﺗﻣﺎﻻت‬‫اﻷﺧطﺎء‬‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬‫و‬‫أﻗل‬‫ﻛﻔﺎءه‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟـ‬Swing،‫و‬‫اﻟـ‬SWTً‫ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺛل‬‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬Windows Centric.
‫س‬٥٢‫ﻟﻣﺎذا‬ :‫داﺋﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﻔﺿل‬‫أن‬‫ﺗﻛون‬‫اﻟـ‬method‫داﺧل‬‫اﻟـ‬class‫ﺗﻛون‬static‫؟‬
‫ﻟﻛ‬‫ﻲ‬‫اﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬‫ان‬‫اﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮭﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎرج‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻏﯾر‬‫ان‬‫اﻧﺷﺄ‬‫أ‬‫وﺑﺟﻛت‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫ﻓﻘط‬
‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬‫اﺳم‬‫اﻟﻛﻼس‬‫واﺳم‬‫اﻟﻔﻧﻛﺷن‬‫ﻣﺛﻼ‬className.method.
‫س‬٥٣:‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﮭﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬‫ى‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ swing .1
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/ swing
‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻧﺘﮭ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬‫ﻰ‬‫دﻋﻤﮭﺎ‬‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﺠﺎﻓﺎ‬ awt .2
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/awt/
IBM ‫اﻧﺘﺠﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ swt .3
http://www.eclipse.org/swt/
‫اﻟﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬‫ﺐ‬ googl‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺻﺔ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ gwt .4
http://www.gwtproject.org/overview.html

45. ٤٥
. RIA ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻜﺮوﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺰ‬ ‫ﺻﻦ‬ ‫أﺻﺪرﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺔ‬ javafx UI .5
http://docs.oracle.com/javafx/
qt-jambi ‫وﺗﺴﻤﻲ‬ QT .6
http://qt-jambi.org/
GTK.7
http://java-gnome.sourceforge.net/
‫س‬٥٤‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫اﻟﻔرق‬‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬orange 1 , orange 2‫؟‬
‫؟؟؟‬

46. ٤٦
‫ﻟو‬‫ﺗﻼﺣظ‬‫ون‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺻور‬‫ة‬‫أن‬‫داﺧل‬‫ﻛﻼ‬‫اﻟﺛﺎﺑﺗﯾن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻛﻼس‬Color‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬‫ﺑﯾﻧﮭم‬‫ﻓرق‬‫إﻻ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫اﻷﺣرف‬،‫وﻛﺎن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾوﺟد‬‫إﻻ‬‫اﻟﺛﺎﺑت‬lowercase)orange(
‫وﻟﻛن‬‫ﺑﻌد‬JDK 1.4‫ﺗﻣت‬‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬uppercase)ORANGE(،‫ﻟﻛﻲ‬‫ﯾﻧﻔذوا‬‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬‫أن‬
‫اﻟﺛواﺑت‬‫داﺋﻣﺎ‬‫ﺗﻛون‬Upper_Case)‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﯾﺔ‬‫ﺗرﻣﯾز‬‫اﻟﺛواﺑت‬(.
‫س‬٥٥‫ﻛﯾف‬ :‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎداة‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﺻﻔﺢ‬‫اﻹﻓﺗراﺿﻲ‬‫ﻓﺗﺢ‬ ‫و‬‫ﺻﻔﺣﺔ‬‫وﯾب‬‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬‫وﻣﻧذ‬‫ﻧﺳﺧﺗﮭﺎ‬،‫اﻟﺳﺎدﺳﺔ‬‫ﺗﺗﯾﺢ‬‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎداة‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﺻﻔﺢ‬،‫اﻹﻓﺗراﺿﻲ‬‫وذﻟك‬
‫ﻋن‬‫طرﯾﻖ‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬)class(Desktop‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﺗوﻓر‬‫ﻟﻧﺎ‬‫اﻟـ‬Method(‫)اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬browse
//get a Desktop object
Desktop desktop = Desktop.getDesktop();

47. ٤٧
try {
//open the default browser using the method browse which take an URI
object representing the web page
desktop.browse(new URI("http://arabteam2000-forum.com/"));
} catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
‫س‬٥٦‫ﻛﯾف‬ :‫أﺟﻌل‬‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺟﻲ‬‫ﻣﺗﻌددة‬‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎت؟‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻧرﯾده‬‫ھو‬‫إظﮭﺎر‬‫ﻛل‬‫رﺳﺎﺋل‬‫وﻧﺻوص‬‫اﻟواﺟﮭﺔ‬‫ﺣﺳب‬‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﯾﺗم‬‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎرھﺎ‬.‫إذن‬‫ﻟو‬‫ﻛﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻧﺟﻌل‬‫ﺛﻼث‬‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬‫ﻣﺗوﻓرة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻓﺳﯾﻠزﻣﻧﺎ‬‫ﺛﻼث‬‫ﻧﺳﺦ‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻛل‬‫ﻧص‬،‫ورﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻛل‬‫ﻧﺳﺧﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫ﺳﻧﺿﻊ‬‫ﻛل‬‫ﻧﺳﺧﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻧﺻوص‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻠف‬properties،‫ﻣﺳﺗﻘل‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬‫أن‬
‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻟن‬‫ﯾﺣﺗوي‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫أي‬،‫ﻧص‬‫ﺑل‬‫ﻛل‬‫ﺷﻲء‬‫ﺳﯾﻛون‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬properties.
‫س‬٥٧‫اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :properties‫؟‬
‫ﻋﻧد‬‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ھذه‬،‫اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬‫ﯾﺟب‬‫اﺣﺗرام‬‫ﻧﻣوذج‬‫ﻣﺣدد‬:‫أوﻻ‬‫إﺳم‬،‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬‫ﻣﺛﻼ‬"labels"،‫ﻣﺗﺑوﻋﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟرﻣز‬"_"،‫ﻣﺗﺑوﻋﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟرﻣز‬‫اﻟﺧﺎص‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫ﻣﺛﻼ‬‫رﻣز‬‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬‫ھو‬"ar"،‫رﻣز‬‫اﻟﻔرﻧﺳﯾﺔ‬"fr"
‫ورﻣز‬‫اﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬‫ھو‬"en."‫إذن‬‫ﺣﺳب‬‫اﻟﻧﻣوذج‬‫ﻓﺈن‬‫إﺳم‬‫ﻣﻠف‬‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬‫ﯾﺟب‬‫أن‬‫ﯾﻛون‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬labels_ar.properties
‫ﻣﺣﺗوى‬‫ھذه‬‫اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬‫ﯾﻛون‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷﻛل‬
key=value
key=value

48. ٤٨
....
‫ﺑﺣﯾث‬‫أﻧﻧﺎ‬‫ﻧﺳﺗرﺟﻊ‬‫اﻟﻧص‬‫اﻟذي‬‫ﻧرﯾده‬‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬key.
‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬‫أﻧﮫ‬‫ﺗﺟدر‬‫اﻹﺷﺎرة‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫أن‬‫اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬properties‫ﺗﻘﺑل‬‫ﻓﻘط‬‫اﻟﺗرﻣﯾز‬ISO-8859-1،‫أي‬
‫اﻟﺣروف‬‫اﻟﻼﺗﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬،‫ﻓﻘط‬‫إذا‬‫أردﻧﺎ‬‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺣروف‬،‫ﻋرﺑﯾﺔ‬‫ﯾﺟب‬‫أن‬‫ﻧﻛﺗب‬‫اﻟرﻣز‬unicode
‫اﻟﻣرادف‬‫ﻟﻛل‬‫ﺣرف‬.
‫س‬٥٨‫ﻓﺋﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫اﻟـ‬java.util.Locale‫؟‬
‫ھذه‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬‫ﺗﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﺟﻐراﻓﯾﺔ‬‫أو‬‫اﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﻧرﯾد‬.‫ﻓﺑﻣﺎ‬‫أﻧﻧﺎ‬‫ﻧرﯾد‬‫أن‬‫ﻧﻐﯾر‬‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬،‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺟﻧﺎ‬‫ﻓﯾﻠزﻣﻧﺎ‬‫وﺳﯾﻠﺔ‬‫ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد‬‫ھذه‬،‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫وھﻧﺎ‬‫ﺗظﮭر‬‫ﻓﺎﺋدة‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬Locale.‫ﻣﺛﻼ‬‫إذا‬‫أردﻧﺎ‬
‫إﻧﺷﺎء‬Locale‫ﺧﺎص‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬‫ﻓﺈﻧﻧﺎ‬‫ﻧﻣرر‬‫رﻣز‬‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬‫ﻟل‬constructor.
Locale arLocale = new Locale("ar");
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬2/php/code_list.php-h p://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639>--
‫س‬٥٩‫ﻓﺋﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫اﻟـ‬java.util.ResourceBundle‫؟‬
‫ھذه‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﺗﻘوم‬‫ﺑﺗﺣﻣﯾل‬‫ﻣﻠف‬‫ال‬properties‫اﻟﺧﺎص‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬،‫ﻧﺣددھﺎ‬‫وﺑﺎﻟطﺑﻊ‬‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬‫إﻧﺷﺎء‬‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬Locale‫ﺧﺎص‬‫ﺑﮭﺎﺗﮫ‬‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬.‫ﺑﻌد‬‫ﺗﺣﻣﯾل‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬‫ﻓﺈﻧﻧﺎ‬‫ﻧﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬‫اﻟوﺻول‬‫ﻟﻠﻘﯾم‬
‫اﻟﻣوﺟودة‬‫ﺑداﺧﻠﮫ‬‫ﻋن‬‫طرﯾﻖ‬getString‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﻧﻣرر‬‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬‫ال‬key.
‫ﻟﻠﺣﺻول‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬ResourceBundle‫ﻓﺈﻧﻧﺎ‬‫ﻧﻧﺎدي‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬getBundle،‫وﻧﻣرر‬‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬
‫إﺳم‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬properties،‫ﻟﻛن‬‫ﻟﯾس‬‫ﻛل‬،‫اﻹﺳم‬‫ﻟﻛن‬‫ﻓﻘط‬‫اﻟﺟزء‬‫اﻟﻣوﺟود‬‫ﻗﺑل‬،‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫ﻣﺛﻼ‬‫إذا‬‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬labels_en.properties،‫ﻓﺈﻧﻧﺎ‬‫ﻧﻣرر‬"labels"‫ﻓﻘط‬‫ﻟﻠطرﯾﻘﺔ‬getBundle.‫ھذه‬
‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﺗﻧﺗظر‬‫ﻣﻌطﻰ‬،‫آﺧر‬‫وھو‬‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬Locale‫ﯾﻣﺛل‬‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﻧرﯾد‬‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬.

49. ٤٩
Locale currentLocale = new Locale("ar");
ResourceBundle myResources = ResourceBundle.getBundle("labels", currentLocale);
String someValue = myResources.getString("someKey");
Java I/O
‫س‬٦٠:‫ﻛﯾف‬‫أﻗرأ‬‫ﻣﺣﺗوى‬‫ﻣﻠف‬‫ﻧﺻﻲ‬‫ﺳطرا‬‫ﺑﺳطر‬‫؟‬
‫ﻟﻘراءة‬‫ﻣﻠف‬‫ﻧﺻﻲ‬‫ﺳطرا‬،‫ﺑﺳطر‬‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ‬‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬BufferedReader‫أو‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬
Scanner:
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬BufferedReader‫واﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬readLine:
‫أوﻻ‬‫ﻧﻧﺷﺊ‬‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬BufferedReader‫وﻧﻣرر‬‫ﻟل‬constructor‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻓﺋﺔ‬FileReader‫اﻟذي‬
‫ﻧﻣرر‬‫ﻟﮫ‬‫ﺑدوره‬‫ﻣﺳﺎر‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬‫اﻟذي‬‫ﻧرﯾد‬‫ﻗراءﺗﮫ‬
BufferedReader reader = null;
//...
reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("myfile.txt"));

50. ٥٠
‫ﺛم‬‫ﻧﻘوم‬‫داﺧل‬loop‫ﺑﻘراءة‬‫ﺳطر‬‫ﻣن‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬‫وﺗﺧزﯾﻧﮫ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻓﺋﺔ‬String،‫وﻧﻘوم‬‫ﺑﻌد‬‫ذﻟك‬
‫ﺑطﺑﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬‫ھذا‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬.
‫ال‬loop‫ﺗﺗوﻗف‬‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬‫ﺗﻌﯾد‬‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬readLine()‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬null،‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬‫أﻧﻧﺎ‬‫وﺻﻠﻧﺎ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬.
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
:‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮد‬
BufferedReader reader = null;
try {
reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("myfile.txt"));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (reader != null) {
reader.close();

51. ٥١
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
System.out.println("Closing stream failed.");
}
}
‫س‬٦١‫ﻣﺎذا‬ :‫وﺿﻌﻧﺎ‬‫أﻣر‬‫إﻗﻔﺎل‬reader‫داﺧل‬finally‫؟‬‫ﻣﺎذا‬‫ﺳﯾﺣﺻل‬‫ﻟو‬‫وﺿﻌﻧﺎ‬‫أﻣر‬
‫اﻹﻏﻼق‬‫داﺧل‬‫ال‬try block،‫ﺑﻌد‬‫اﻹﻧﺗﮭﺎء‬‫ﻣن‬‫ال‬loop،‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﻛود‬‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ؟‬
//...
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
reader.close()
//...
‫ﻟﻧﻔﺗرض‬‫ﻣﺛﻼ‬‫أن‬‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻋﻧد‬‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬‫اﻷﻣر‬readLine‫واﺟﮫ‬‫ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻗراءة‬،‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬‫ﺟﻌﻠﮫ‬
‫ﯾرﻓﻊ‬IOException،‫ھذا‬‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬‫أﻧﮫ‬‫ﺳﯾﺗﺟﺎھل‬‫ﻛل‬‫اﻟﻛود‬‫اﻟﻣوﺟود‬‫ﺑﻌد‬‫اﻟﺳطر‬‫اﻟذي‬‫رﻓﻊ‬‫اﻹﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء‬
‫وﺳﯾﻧﻔذ‬‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة‬‫اﻟﻛود‬‫اﻟﻣوﺟود‬‫ﻓﻲ‬catch bloc،‫وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﻟن‬‫ﯾﻧﻔذ‬‫أﻣر‬،‫اﻹﻏﻼق‬‫وﺳﯾﺑﻘﻰ‬
‫ال‬reader،‫ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺎ‬‫وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﻟن‬‫ﯾﺗم‬‫ﺗﺣرﯾر‬‫اﻟذاﻛرة‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﯾﺳﺗﻌﻣﻠﮭﺎ‬.
‫اﻟﺣل‬‫إذن‬‫ھو‬‫وﺿﻊ‬‫إﻣر‬‫اﻹﻏﻼق‬‫داﺧل‬finally bloc،‫ﻷن‬‫اﻟﻛود‬‫اﻟﻣوﺟود‬‫داﺧﻠﮫ‬‫ﯾﺗم‬‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذه‬،‫داﺋﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳواء‬‫ﺗم‬‫رﻓﻊ‬exception‫أو‬‫ﻻ‬.

52. ٥٢
‫س‬٦٢‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬ ‫ﻧﻘرأ‬ ‫ﻛﯾف‬ :‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬‫اﻟﻔﺋﺔ‬Scanner‫؟‬
‫أوﻻ‬‫ﻧﻧﺷﺊ‬‫ﻛﺎﺋن‬Scanner‫وﻧﻣرر‬‫ﻟﮫ‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬‫اﻟذي‬‫ﺳﻧﻘرأه‬
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("myfile.txt"));
‫ﺛم‬‫ﻧﻘوم‬‫داﺧل‬loop‫ﺑﻘراءة‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬‫ﺳطرا‬‫ﺳطرا‬‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬nexLine()،‫ﻟﻛن‬‫أوﻻ‬‫ﯾﺟب‬‫أن‬
‫ﻧﺗﺣﻘﻖ‬‫أﻧﻧﺎ‬‫ﻟم‬‫ﻧﺻل‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻣﻠف‬.
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
String line = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println(line);
}
‫ﺛم‬‫ﻧﻘﻔل‬‫ال‬scanner
scanner.close();
: ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻛود‬
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("myfile.txt"));
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
String line = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println(line);
}
scanner.close();