Final MSc. Presentation - "Connecting Urban Policy Making and Implementation - Case of Maspero, Egypt
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Final MSc. dissertation Presentation as a part of the Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design program, a double degree program between Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt and Stuttgart University in Germany. The presentation took place on 14.9.2015
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Final MSc. Presentation - "Connecting Urban Policy Making and Implementation - Case of Maspero, Egypt
- 1. Case of Maspero, Cairo, Egypt IUSD 3 | MennatuAllah Hendawy Connecting Urban Policy making and implementation والتنفيذ انرالعم سياسات وضع ربط مرص القاهره ماسبريو حاله اسهرد
- 2. AGENDA Introduction Literature Review Understanding the context Maspero Relationship of policy making and implementation Key Findings Conclusion Discussion and next steps Connecting Urban Policy Making and Implementation *Cairo 3d of Maspero from MADD 2014
- 3. If those in power claim to be concerned with sustainable urban development, then why is the urban condition not improving?
- 4. I INTRODUCTION Research Trigger and Problem (Maarouf, 2013)
- 5. I INTRODUCTION Research Trigger and Problem http://www.newgeography.com/content/003468-dispersion-worlds-largest-urban-areas
- 6. Objectives National Level Policies Reality Local Level Projects I INTRODUCTION Research Trigger and Problem Strong Regime weak state Quote from Doorman, 2007 page 245
- 7. Objectives National Level Policies Reality Local Level Projects I INTRODUCTION Research Trigger and Problem Strong Regime weak state Quote from Doorman, 2007 page 245 People demand fall of the regime
- 8. I INTRODUCTION Research Trigger and Problem Objectives National Level Policies Reality Local Level Projects
- 10. Urban Policy making implementation I INTRODUCTION Research Goal Explore the relationship between urban policy making and implementation in order to identify how a connection can be established.
- 12. What makes urban policies implementable and sustainable? Why is it important to connect urban policy making and implementation? What is the relationship between urban policymaking and implementation, and what happens in Egypt and Maspero? I INTRODUCTION Research Question(s)
- 13. I INTRODUCTION Research Journey: Approach ِهِــب ُعَــفـَتـْنـُي ٌمـْلـِع ...أو ...or a Beneficial knowledge
- 14. I INTRODUCTION Research Journey: Methodology Understand & Reflect Literature Review Interviews/ Roundtable/ EUF Act Question/ Observe Review Phase 1 : Data Collection Thesissubmissionanddisseminatingoffindings Phase 2: Validate research findings Phase 3 : Deliver research recommendations Author based on (Wadsworth, 1998; Kamali, 2003), graphics inspired from (May, et al., 2003) 1 2 2 3 3 4 1
- 15. Policy Implementation Policy Implication MURIS Madd Gateway Previousstudies,reports,books,TVtalks,articles Interviews,RoundtablediscussionandFieldvisit/Observations Governorate District Residents Levels of Reflection POLICY PRACTICE Primary Data Secondary Data Policy Making Connect- ion Author (data collection based on (Kumar, 2014)) I INTRODUCTION Research Journey: Methodology
- 16. Introduction & Methodology What is supposed to happen Problem, Goal and questions Guidelines What happens in Egypt What happens in Maspero Analysing Maspero Broad Issues Context Case study Literature review Egyptian Context Maspero Lessons Recommendations Conclusion Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 I INTRODUCTION Thesis Structure
- 17. Author based on literature review of chapter 2 Ii Literature review Conceptual Framework Agenda Setting Policy Formulation Policy Evaluation Policy Implementation Urban Policies National urban Policies Urban Governance Studied Elements Context Egypt /Case of Maspero Research TopicPolicy Cycle Actions and Decisions Urban Conditions: Development/ Deterioration Urban Management ductionDimension PoliticalDimension Policy Implications Policy Making Process Connect- ion Policy Implementation *Cairo
- 18. III uNDERSTANDING CONTEXT 3d of Maspero from MADD,2014 Research Scope Connecting Urban Policy Making and Implementation *Cairo National context of Egypt Case of Maspero
- 19. Connecting Urban Policy Making and Implementation *Cairo Learning from Maspero Principles Redefinero les * * Starting point Short term Target Long Term Target/Impact III uNDERSTANDING CONTEXT Concept
- 20. Planning in Egypt III uNDERSTANDING CONTEXT Projects Plans Programs Policymaking (National Level) (Regional Level) Functional devision/General (all sectors) Central governement Spatial devision/ devided into Different fields (i.e. Urban planning) Local Governement Area/district Level Local Governement Policy Implementation (Local Level) Policy Planning Levels Planning in Egypt Policy and Governance levels in Egypt ScopeActors The National Develeopment Plan Regional Planning Cities Planning Detailed Urban Planning Projects Author based on (Salheen El Khateeb, 2012) reviewed with (Elshaarawy, 2015)
- 21. IiI uNDERSTANDING CONTEXT Author based on (Khalifa, 2013; Alfiky, 2014; El-Shahat El-khateeb, 2013; Azouz, 2015; Mansour, 2011; Youssry, 2015) 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20101950 1967 Start of War 1954 Nassir Sadat Mubarak 1970 1984 2011 1952 Announ- cing Egypt as a republic End of War 1992 Earthquake 2011 Revolution Socialist policy Arab Nationalism, Arab Socialism and Pan- Arabism Industrlisation Public housing mass production and establishing industrlising the desert in new towns Housing the desert, and connecting downtown Cairo with the Nile More investments in the desert by gulf developers and famous business men, creating gated cities inside the city Social and urban equity and inclusion State Driven with support of private sector Public Private Partnerships in favour of investors Rise of community, civil society, International organisations Open door policy/ Liberal Capitalism Privatisation Contested, Bureaucratized. personalised towards participation? Top-down / centrelised / Rellocation of urban poor Free market economy/ privatization policy Entrepreneurial Planning Community importance Sustainable Urban Towards Strategic planning Development NationalpoliciesEvents Policy Making Policy ImplementationProcesses Morsi/ SiSi Strategicplanning Priorityfor militaryexpenses Policies in Egypt
- 22. image from Madd, 2014 Iv MASPERO
- 23. A vital area An ongoing project Availability of Data and persons for communication Urgency of the situation/Area in need A multi-dimensional case Importance of the project Uniqueness of the case Complexity and opportunity to generalise research findings A challenging case for politicians and planners (Abd el Kawy, 2015) An example for: the disconnection, the parallel practice and the connection of both domains image from Madd, 2014 iv Maspero Why Maspero
- 24. iv Maspero Area profile Doorman, 2007
- 25. iv Maspero Area profile Google maps, 2015
- 27. Governement /ISDF/MURIS Unsafe/ Informal Historical Waterfront Planners and activists (reality) Investors Base image from Madd, 2014 iv Maspero What is Maspero
- 28. May 2013 Jan 2011 May 2015 2009 Cairo 2050 approval 2012 2013 Residents demand their rights to srtay 2011 Egyptian Revolution 2010 Downtown Competition 2012 2013 Proposal from Cairo governorates 2013 MADD proved the unpracticality of proposal 2014 Conferences with the governement 2013 MADD proposal 2015 Agreement for a win win proposal $ // RELLOCATE REVOLUTE RESTART WIN-WIN 2009 Cairo Gov proposal iv Maspero Maspero Overtime Author based on (MADD, 2014; Associated Consultants, 2010; Cairo Governorate, n.d.; Gate way, 2014; Selim, 2015)
- 29. Author based on the roundtable discussion iv Maspero Roles *Cairo Minister Laila Eskandar (Political support) Cairo Govornorate Gateway as an offical consultant MADD (Parallel practice) Maspero Youth Association (MYA) Initiation Response Conflict Po licymakerimplements!
- 30. Author Author Based on based on (MADD, 2014) Revised with (abdulaty, 2015; Borhan, 2015) iv Maspero Roles Facilitator Reinforcing law Caretaker of public benefit Conflict of intrest of Maspero company public intrest is not commonly defined among governemental bodies Profit making workersfor investorsor governement Reseaech Natural Leaders Inhabitants News production Profit making Indirect Investor Lawsand Regulations Undefined public News production Protecting rights Advocacy Advocacy Protecting rights Research Advocacy Development Negotiating their rights for space Conflict of intrest of those working for the investors Governement Investors Media and Political parties Human Rights Organisations Academia and Project partners SectorExpectedRoleConflictWhathappensinreality Residents X?
- 31. Contensed land ownership - mixed tenure Disconnected Weak role of Local governement and lack of documentation Deterrioration Maspero Over Time Actions Urban Conditions Urban Governance Urban Mangement What was happening in Maspero iv Maspero Policy Making Process/ Connection Policy Implementation Policy Implication Cause Effect «UrbanChallenges» (Bad governance and ineffecient mangemnet) Author reviewed with (Abdulaty, 2015; Borham, 2015)
- 32. What is the relationship between urban policy making and implementation, and what happens in Egypt and Maspero?
- 33. Author based on (DEVAS, 1999; Devas, 2004) Actors/ Interests Context, constrains, sources of power/legitimacy Outcomes Relationships and decision- making What is supposed to happen (theoratically) v RELATIONSHIP Cyclic/ two way process
- 34. Governement Context, constrains, sources of power/legitimacy Outcomes Poor connection TOP DOWN decision making process What is happening in Egypt v RELATIONSHIP Author based on (Ansari, 2011; Borham, 2012; Serag, 2015; Ibrahim Singerman, 2014; Devas, 2004; Devas, 1999) reviewed with (Shaath, 2015; Elshaarawy, 2015; Abdulaty, 2015; Borham, 2015)
- 35. Governement + Investors + Residents Outcomestwo way process Negotiations Supporting Actors President/ Prime minister/MURIS Residents part of investors Resisting Actors Governorate part of investors Physical planners (Theoracticaly) (Hidden) What is happening in Maspero v RELATIONSHIP Author, based on (Zaaza, 2015; Borham, 2015; Abdulaty, 2015)
- 36. Policy and Governance Level Planning Level Driving Actor Policymaking (Strategic Level) (Tactical Level) Policy Implementation Implication (Operational Level) Central Governement Local Governement Community Programs Practice Plans Politics Policy Projects Author based on concept of Transition management by (loorbach 2007), concept of tiering in strategic actions (Arts , et al., 2005; Salheen El Khateeb, n.d.), and levels of authority and action (Borham, 2012), graphica inspired from (Simer et al, 2014) What is supposed to happen (theoratically) Urban Governance Urban Mangement Urban Conditions cycle v RELATIONSHIP
- 37. What is happening in Egypt Policy and Governance Level Planning Level Driving Actor Policymaking (Strategic Level) (Tactical Level) Policy Implementation Implication (Operational Level) PresidentCentral Governement Local Governement Community Programs Programs Practice Plans Plans Politics Policy Projects Urban Governance Urban Mangement Urban Conditions Author revised with (Shaath, 2015; Elshaarawy, 2015; Borham, 2015; Abdulaty, 2015) v RELATIONSHIP
- 38. Policy and Governance Level Planning Level Driving Actor Policymaking (Strategic Level) (Tactical Level) Policy Implementation Implication (Operational Level) PresidentPMM URIS Local Governorate Community Programs Practice Plans Politics Policy Maspero project Author revised with (Abdulaty, 2015; Borham, 2015) What is happening in Maspero Urban Governance Strong Connection Weak Connection Urban Mangement Urban Conditions v RELATIONSHIP
- 39. Author based on (Borham, 2015; Abdulaty, 2015; Elshaarawy, 2015) INTERCONNECTION OF POLICY MAKING AND IMPLEMENTATION THEORATICALLY IN MASPERO TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT? Policymaking (National/ Strategic Level) Policy Implementation (Local/Operational Level) Policy Implication (reality) (Regional/Tactical Level) Central Governement Local Governement (Governorates) Residents Province Departments What is supposed to happen (theoratically) Central Governement is planning and managing the project through MURIS Residents ResidentsandActivists/planners contactedtheminister Cyclic,twowayprocess Province Departments Local Governement (Governorates) What is currently happening in Maspero project OVERLAP OF POLICY MAKING AND IMPLEMENTATION IN EGYPT Presidemt and Central Governement (ministries) Local Governement (Governorates) Residents Province Departments What happens in Egypt Topdown,Centrelisedandduplicated v RELATIONSHIP
- 40. Vi Findings image from Madd, 2014 {Maspero is Egypt}
- 41. Vi Findings Status quo of Maspero Author revised with (Zaaza, 2015; Borham, 2015; Abdulaty, 2015; Hassan, 2015) Actions Urban Governance Urban Management Policy Processes DecisionsOutcomes Practice ? X Planning Levels Governance Levels Strong political will supporting the project (participation, development, and rights of residents) Contested Role of local governement is questionable given its weak competency on the national level, in addition to the centralised planning process in Egypt Still in progressUrban Conditions (Deteriortion) Directcontactbetweenthecommunity,plannersandthe centralgovernement Actors Central Governement Local Governement Who manages? Community
- 42. Vi Findings Issues and Concerns in Maspero problem in defining urban areas Centralized and personalized planning Conflict of interest ? Lack of coordination Lack of represe- ntation Need to tackle Root of the problem Lack of civil society Laws Excemption Physical planning laws Participation undefined What drives development?
- 43. Supporting factors Strong and active political will pro-development Maspero Youth association )people will( Announcing the area as a replanning area gives an opportunity for development Interest of the state to develop the area Constitution included informal areas and right to adequete housing and condemed forced evictions Resisting factors Maspero Now Centralized and personalized planning process Lack of official representatives for the community and absence of civil society organisations Lack of civil society organisations Proposals ignore the root of the current situation of Mixed land tenure Announcing the area as a replanning area gives more power to the state Conflict of interest of the government as a state and indirect investor Many laws are exempted in Maspero Recent attempts of forced evictions Vi Findings Lessons from Maspero
- 44. What makes urban policies implementable and sustainable?
- 45. How to connect urban policy making and implementation?
- 46. Connecting Urban Policy Making and Implementation *CairoNational Level (Egyptian context) Resources Local Level (Case of Maspero) Demands vii conclusion General outlook
- 47. vii conclusion + Political Will Active Community Parallel Practice Learning from Maspero
- 49. Discussing the IN-BETWEEN Discussing the IN-BETWEEN Towards connecting urban policy making and implementation in Egypt/Maspero connection/ process Policy making Good Governance Urban development Good/integrated urban Mangement ?+ = Development Policy implementation Policy implementation Central governement Local Governement Towards Connection vii conclusion
- 50. Communication Author, pictures from Madd.tumbler Democrcacy L calisation V S I O RANSPERANCY DUCATION apacity building wareness O W E R c O N N E C T I O n f n a n c e m a n a g m e n t c o o r d i n a t i o I C E N T E R L I S A T I O N vii conclusion Towards Connection onitoring
- 51. Urban Development Strong political will and defined Rights based policies What is needed Efficient urban management, Define who manages and who monitors Coherent decisions and actions for connected urban policy making and implemen- tation Policy Making Process/ Connection Policy Implem- entation Policy Implication Cause Effect «UrbanChallenges» *Cairo Actions Urban Conditions Urban Governance Urban Mangement MASPERO‘S FUTURE ? vii conclusion Final Remarks
- 52. MASPERO‘S FUTURE ? vii conclusion Final Remarks “If you do what you have always done, you will get what you have always gotten” Anthony Robbins
- 53. Discussion and Next steps
- 54. Thank you Connecting Urban Policy making and implementation والتنفيذ انرالعم سياسات وضع ربط