This analysis was a part of a course urban Policy, Planning and Sustainable Urban Management in my masters study in 2014 The PDP is a project by the GIZ (the German Society for International Cooperation GmbH) for developing informal areas in Egypt

1. Participatory Development Program
Egypt
IUSD | Urban Planning II | Mennatullah Hendawy
Participatory Development Program
Egypt
Mennatullah Hendawy

2. Participatory Development Program
Egypt
IUSD | Urban Planning II | Mennatullah Hendawy
Adminstration Level
Impact Orientation
Overview and strategy for informal areas
Cairo
Governorate
Giza
Governorate
Alexanderia
Governorate
Qalyubeya
Governorate
Knowing Local Community
National
Level
Regional
Level
Local
Level
Modes of
Action
Tools
Legislations Fund
Allocation
Framework
Conditions
Capacity
Development
Capacity
Development
Decentralisation
Comprehensive
framework
Management
Fundraising
Coordination
Participation
Implementation
+ + +
Sharing
Information
Stakeholders
networking
and
cooperation
Promoting
self-help
initiatives
Planning
and
managing
integrated
development
Partners Principles
Participatpry
Development
Establishment
of Local Area
Dialogue
Committees
(LADCs)
Information
Sharing
Systems and
GIS
Governement
Ministries
Governorates
Municipalities
CBAs
NGOs
LADCs
BMZ
(GermanFederalMinistryforEconomic
CooperationandDevelopment)
EUDelegationtoEgypt
Bill&MelindaGatesFoundation
WHAT
PDP Multi Approach to Sustainability
Participatory
Needs
Assessment
(PNA)
Awareness
Raising and
Community
Mobilisation
Policy Advice for
decision-makers
Source: Abdelhalim 2011, & PDP Website: http://egypt-urban.net/
combined and edited by:Author

3. Participatory Development Program
Egypt
IUSD | Urban Planning II | Mennatullah Hendawy
WHY?
The Story Behind
Accelerated
Growth
of
Informl
Settlements in
Egypt
which calls for
an urgent need
for action
Emergence of Informal Settlements
Source: Khalifa 2011, Sims 2003, & PDP Website: http://egypt-urban.net/
combined and edited by:Author
Global and
Local pressures
Global trends
towards: sustainability,
participation and
decentralisation
+
Egypt policy to
“Broaden the role of
local governments in
urban development
management”
in the 1990s
Population
Growth
Inefficient
urban
mangement
Recession of
private sector
from housing
market
High
demand for
housing +
low formal
supply
Cairo’s
authoritarian
rule, poor
unban
management
and planning
and lack
of building
control
Urbanisation
Investments
Centerlisation
in urban areas
Part two
Extension of the project
Part One
Scope of
projects
Timeframe 1998 to 2003 2008 to 20112004 to 2007
Local Level Regional Level National Level
Source of Fund: KfW Entwicklungsbank
Maintained by: Egyptian Governoment
Source of Fund: Euopean Union
Maintained by: Egyptian Governoment
Ain Shams Ezbet Al Nassr ALwarak Geziret aldahabKhsous Khanka Manshiyet Nasser
Focus
2011-2016
Multi Level
+
Small Scale projects
outside pilot areas
Pilot Areas

4. Participatory Development Program
Egypt
IUSD | Urban Planning II | Mennatullah Hendawy
Upgrading efforts
and plants to
improve living
conditions
increased
magnitude of
informal urbanization
PRAXIS
Problem Identification
Level
Multi level
development on
local, regional
and national
levels
StrategiesImpactDecisionMaking
Level
Higher impact
on local level
Different strategies/
actors have
adopted multi
approaches
Decentralisation
decision making
Centralisation
decision making
no evidence of
sound coordination
amongst actors
only demonstration
cases with no
institutionalizing
mechanisms to
ensure replicability
PLANNED PROCESS
Gap between what is planned and what is achieved
RESULTS
Source: Khalifa, 2011 and Piffero, 2009
combined and edited by:Author
Cairo’s authoritarian rule, poor unban management and planning and lack of building control are important
factors in the informality equation. (Sims, 2013, pp. 95 & 20)
Expected Governance
Governement as a facilitator
for development
Actual Governance
Governement as a barrier
to development
Therefore, it is necessary to recognise the multiplicity of sustainabilities and to analyse the ways in which these are
shaped and mobilised in political discourse (Haughton & Counsel, 72-72 :2004, quoted in Connelly, 262 :2007)
THE CORE PROBLEM
X
Project
Plans
Govern-
menetal
Role
Results
Achieved
Project
Plans
Govern-
menetal
Role
Results
Achieved
X

5. Participatory Development Program
Egypt
IUSD | Urban Planning II | Mennatullah Hendawy
Sustainability in practice, shall focus on both;
means and ends in order to reduce the
implementation and planning gap
«The adaptation of participatory approaches in
development
projects is often associated with dynamics of
power relations that result in the empowerment of
vulnerable
groups by participating in planning, and increasing
their influential power on the policy makers».
(Piffero, 2009).
there is a clear conflict between power relations
and piriority issues
In Cairo, there is a very centrilised governance
system, which affects the planning projects and in
turn the sustainability of projects
At the same time, despite the PDP plan to involve
different stakholders. what happens in reality is that
THE CONFLICT
Operationalizing Sustainability
NGOs, CBAs, individual initiatives
Actors
Power Influence/
relationship with
different aspects
POLITICAL ASPECTS
Governement, Local Authoriteis, Municipalities
Private Sector, Investors
NGOs, CBAs
ECONOMIC
ASPECTS
ENVIROMENTAL
ASPECTS
SOCIAL
ASPECTS
EFFECT OF POWER RELATIONS ON GOVERNANCE AND DECISION MAKING
Stakeholders influence in Egypt
CenteralGovernment
Population
LocalGovernement
PrivateSector
Syndicates
ElectedLeaders
NGOs&CBAs

6. Strengths Weaknesses
ThreatsOpportunities
ExternalAspects
Intervention
Analysis
Build Upon Resolve
InternalAspects
Job opportunities
Avail-
ability of
fund
+ GIS
Training
A strong base
for future
development
physical
upgrading
in pilot
areas (solid
waste
manag-
ement
provision
of potable
water and
sewage
services)
the
programme
has launched
a‘Local
Initiatives
Fund’
promote
self-help
initiatives
supporting
NGOs
building
trust
between
people of
informal
areas
and local
decentr-
alization
plans
introduction of participatory
apprach
the participatory
development approach
has become embedded in
the state’s policy
Local
adminis-
trations in
the pilot
areas
implem-
ented
partici-
patory
Strong
multilevel
program
approach
upgrade of
slums and
addressing
urban poverty
issues has
become a top
priority for the
government
departm-
ents were
set up in
Cairo that
became
responsible
for urban
poor areas
increased demand of
the
GIS of the programme
from governmental
authorities and
local
government
precieves
particip-
ation
as a tool
to get the
private
sector
Source: Abdulhalim, 2011 and Piffero, 2010
combined and edited by:Author
Hidden
purpose
behind
participation
(bringing
cash)
local government has no
true willingness to adopt
participatory approaches in
urban
threats regarding the
sustainabiility of the project, given
the current unstable political
enviroment.
priority of
particip-
atory
activities is
not clear in
the project
documents
the selection of the
areas is developed
upon ineffective
criteria (urban
poverty) while in
reality not all informal
areas in cairo is
considered poor
Projects are
decided
entirly by
the political
agenda,
citizen voices
is considered
secondary
No
agreement
among
stakeholders
or with the
people
on the
definition of
participation
which
affect the
involvement
of people to
add to the
project

7. Participatory Development Program
Egypt
IUSD | Urban Planning II | Mennatullah Hendawy
Participatory Development Program
Egypt
IUSD | Urban Planning II | Mennatullah Hendawy