There are many potential advantages of Transit Oriented Development (TOD). However, implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) cannot be ignored without cost and risk factors. Some researchers and practitioners argue that implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is not worthwhile to resolve the existing problems in the organizations. In this way, the research paper has effectively outlined the potential benefits and costs associated with the implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Dissertation help, Help in Dissertation, Assignment help, RAP writing services, Assignment writing services, Home work writing services, Research Analysis Project writing services, Unique writing services

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POLICY BRIEF TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD)
Preparation
The brief has been prepared to propose implementation of Transit Oriented Development
(TOD) to the policy makers of Mohammed Bin Zayed City. the implementation of Transit
Oriented Development (TOD) will resolve the traffic congestion and other traffic related issues
of the city. Following objectives will be addressed in the research paper:
• To study Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
• To analyse requirements for implementing Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
• To analyse the effects of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) on Mohammed Bin
Zayed City
SWOT of Transit Oriented Development (TOD):
• Strengths: Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is effective technique for the
development of urbanization in cities.
• Weakness: Transit Oriented Development (TOD) costs high.
• Threats: The potential cost of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) may exceed its
benefits.
• Opportunities: Transit Oriented Development (TOD) can resolve the existing
problems of cities.
Executive Summary
The brief covers effects of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) on Mohammed Bin Zayed City. The
potential benefits and costs of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) have been discussed in the brief.
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Introduction
Increasing population and globalization have accumulating the problems in the cities. Because
of increasing population, congestion in the cities has been increasing. This congestion has
been causing many other problems such as pollution, health issues and traffic accidents. In
order to resolve these issues, Transit Oriented Development (TOD) can be effectively
implemented. Policy makers need to take care of these issues and develop new policies for the
resolution of congestion and traffic issues.
The main goal of the research was to develop Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in

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Mohammed Bin Zayed City. In the research, implementation issues related with Transit
Oriented Development (TOD) have been discussed in detail. the implementation issues from
western countries have been transformed towards Mohammed Bin Zayed City.
There are many potential advantages of Transit Oriented Development (TOD). However,
implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) cannot be ignored without cost and risk
factors. Some researchers and practitioners argue that implementation of Transit Oriented
Development (TOD) is not worthwhile to resolve the existing problems in the organizations. In
this way, the research paper has effectively outlined the potential benefits and costs associated
with the implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD).
Approaches and Results
Three important research papers have been identified and discussed in this part of the brief.
Basically, positive impacts and definition of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) has been
discussed here. In addition to this, costs and benefit ratio of implementation of Transit Oriented
Development (TOD) has also been conducted.
Defining Transit Oriented Development (TOD):
Transit Oriented Development (TOD) refers to the process of developing houses, public service
activities, employment activities, efficient, frequent and high quality railway services
(Sam, Ginn, Gilbert and Hayes, 2003). Transit Oriented Development is designed for creating
compact, high density and mixed urban form. TOD is very important element for the creation of
broader urban development such as urban growth, urban infill, historic preservations and
affordable housing facilities (Sam, Ginn, Gilbert and Hayes, 2003).
Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is not a new phenomenon rather it has close association
with the development of underground railway tracks in the late 19th
century. Transit Oriented
Development (TOD) has enabled the urbanization process to take place. For effective TOD,
mortgage banking facilities are highly required by real estate sector. Mohammed Bin Zayed
City is located between CBD and airport. Mohammed Bin Zayed City is an automobile based
city facing certain problems from transit perspectives. The congestion and reduced urban
development can be resolved through Transit Oriented Development.
Effects of Transit Oriented Development:

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Transit Oriented Development can be defined as communities for high quality transit services
for public, mixed land use and good transportation facilities. People are able to avail high
quality transit services for different kinds of trips such as walking, cycling, and comfortable and
convenient transit services through major corridors and dispersed travelling destinations.
Transit Oriented Development is highly applicable at places where communities like to own
fewer vehicles, rely on alternative travelling services and drive less. It has been noted by
Zhiyun, Xiao, Gao (2013) that people who live in Transit Oriented Development areas heavily
rely on alternative modes of travelling and drive less.
In Mohammed Bin Zayed City, Transit Oriented Development can be highly effective for many
reasons. In previous studies, several benefits of Transit Oriented Development are described
which can be applied to Mohammad Bin Zayed City. Some of these positive effectives of
Transit Oriented Development are as follows:
• Congestion Reduction: Transit Oriented Development can result in annual per capita
reduction in congestion by 30 to 50% in comparison to the automobile oriented cities
(Ohland and Poticha, 2006) of UAE. At present, Mohammed Bin Zayed City is
congested and overcrowded which can be reduced through TOD.
• Road Parking: Transit Oriented Development can be highly effective for the government
to reduce cost of road parking facilitates on annual basis.
• Improved Safety: If Transit Oriented Development were applied in Mohammed Bin
Zayed City, residents of the city would be able to avail one quarter of traffic facility rates
in comparison to the residents of automobile dependent cities in terms of traffic
accidents. Therefore, Transit Oriented Development would result in high safety of
residents of the city.
• Improved mobility facilities for pedestrians: through implementation of Transit Oriented
Development, non drivers of the city would avail improved transit services in terms of
cycling, walking and mixed use of land. Moreover, accessibility of transit services will
also improve through implementation of Transit Oriented Development.
• Improved Public Health: Through implementation of Transit Oriented Development,
health of people will improve because of two reasons. One, traffic congestion and

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pollution will be less. Second, people will have 20 minutes more target area for walking
on daily basis as compared to people in automobile based cities (Wilkinson, Peter,
Marks and Tony, 2007).
• Energy conservation: The government of Mohammed Bin Zayed City will be able to
achieve high energy conservation and reduction in air pollution caused by traffic. Zhiyun,
Xiao, Gao (2013) argued that residents of Mohammed Bin Zayed City would be able to
consume 20 to 40% less transportation energy than they would consume in the
automobile dependent city.
• Economic Development: Finally, economic development of Mohammad Bin Zayed will
also improve through implementation of Transit Oriented Development. This is because
government expenditures on vehicle maintenance and fuel consumption will reduce
which would be allocated to more profit generating and healthy activities.
The above benefits of implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) cannot be
achieved until there is highly appropriate strategy for implementation is not developed. Several
authors argue that he benefits of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) are overemphasized
and are not realistic (Zhiyun, Xiao, Gao, 2013). They argue that development and
implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) can result in loss because its benefits
are lower than its potential cost.
Conclusion
The positive impacts of Transit Oriented Development are diverse and numerous. Many critics
misunderstand the benefits of Transit Oriented Development. They argue that cost for the
implementation of Transit Oriented Development is high and unjustified in comparison to its
benefits such as emission reduction, congestion reduction and savings for consumers. They
further argue that these benefits of Transit Oriented Development are individual and cannot
justify the major investments of transit services. However, Transit Oriented Development
cannot be evaluated from one aspect. Its investments and cost need to be considered for
appropriate implementation. The benefits of Transit Oriented Development are long term
oriented which can be effectively availed if appropriate implementation is done in automobile
oriented cities such as Mohammed Bin Zayed City.

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Implications and Recommendations
Implementation of Transit Oriented Development in Mohammed Bin Zayed City needs to be
conducted by analysing and determining the potential benefits and cost associated with the
issues. Without determining ration of cost and benefits of Transit Oriented Development,
potential positive effects cannot be achieved.
References
• Sam, Ginn, Gilbert and Hayes, (2003), Transit Oriented Sustainable Urban
Developments – Enhancing Community Consultation through Web Based Virtual
Environments, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics
and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
• Zhiyun, Xiao, Gao, (2013) Robustness analysis of urban transit network based on
complex networks theory, Kybernetes, Vol. 42 Issue: 3
• Wilkinson, Peter, Marks, Tony. (2007). Promoting transit-oriented development, Civil
Engineering: Magazine of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering 15. 9 , Pp: 22-
23.

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Implications and Recommendations
Implementation of Transit Oriented Development in Mohammed Bin Zayed City needs to be
conducted by analysing and determining the potential benefits and cost associated with the
issues. Without determining ration of cost and benefits of Transit Oriented Development,
potential positive effects cannot be achieved.
References
• Sam, Ginn, Gilbert and Hayes, (2003), Transit Oriented Sustainable Urban
Developments – Enhancing Community Consultation through Web Based Virtual
Environments, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics
and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
• Zhiyun, Xiao, Gao, (2013) Robustness analysis of urban transit network based on
complex networks theory, Kybernetes, Vol. 42 Issue: 3
• Wilkinson, Peter, Marks, Tony. (2007). Promoting transit-oriented development, Civil
Engineering: Magazine of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering 15. 9 , Pp: 22-
23.