Reading practice Ielts help you get higher score

Do this exercise AFTER you HAVE FINISHED the chapter
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM in your course material.
Read the following passages and answer the questions:
Passage A:
The sudden blocking of an artery by a clot is referred to as an
embolism. Thrombi as well as other foreign materials, such as fat, air
and infective material can cause emboli. (embol/o refers to an embolus,
e.g. as in embolectomy.)
The development of enzymes that can dissolve blood clots in situ
has led to the development of thrombolytic therapies. For example, the
drug streptokinase, extracted from bacteria, can be injected into the
coronary vessels to lyse a clot and thereby restore blood in the
coronary system. The thrombolytic drugs streptokinase, altepase and
anistreplase have all been shown to reduce mortality when given by the
intravenous route following a heart attack (acute myocardial infarction).
Question 1
Embolism ______________.
o is similar to embolectomy
o is caused by “embol/o”.
o is formed by a clot
o is one of the foreign bodies
Question 2
Regarding enzymes, what does the passage 1 mention?
o They can dissolve in blood
o They are the reason for a type of treatment
o They are used in thrombolytic therapies
o They develop so quickly

Question 3
What are streptokinase, altepase and anistreplase?
o They are used for patients with heart attacks
o These drugs help to prevent disability
o These drugs are taken orally
o They are drugs of all blood diseases

Passage B:
The term atheroma means a porridge-like tumour and is used to
indicate the presence of fatty plaques in the lining of arteries. Atheroma
is a common disorder of blood vessels and the presence of such
deposits is often related to aspects of one’s lifestyle such as smoking,
lack of exercise and diets rich in certain types of fat. Atheroma in
coronary arteries increases the chance of their becoming blocked, thus
predisposing the heart to myocardial infarction.
Atherosclerosis is a common form of arteriosclerosis that results
from the presence of atheroma and calcification in vessel walls.
Contributing factors to the development of this condition include
advanced age, diabetes, high-fat and high-cholesterol diets,
hypertension and smoking.
Question 4
What causes atheroma?
o Deposits in the lining of arteries
o A porridge-like tumour
o Unhealthy lifestyles
o Fatty plaques on the inner walls of arteries
Question 5
What does the underlined word “predisposing” probably mean?
o causing
o preventing
o blocking
o increasing

Question 6
Which does NOT contribute to atherosclerosis?
o Aging
o Cigarette smoke
o Abnormally low blood pressure
o Calcification

Passage C:
A sphygmomanometer is an instrument that uses a manometer to
measure blood measure. Two pressures are measured: the systolic
pressure when the ventricles of the heart are forcing blood into the
circulation, and the diastolic pressure which is the pressure within the
vessels when the heart is dilating and refilling.
The sphygmomanometer can be used to detect hypertension, i.e. a
persistently high arterial blood pressure, or hypotension, an abnormally
low blood pressure. Both of these conditions have a variety of causes.
The stethoscope is used in conjunction with the
sphygmomanometer to listen to the sounds made by blood flowing
through the brachial artery when recording the blood pressure.
Question 7
The pressure in which blood is forced into circulation is called diastolic
pressure.
o True
o False
Question 8
The diastolic pressure happens when the heart is dilating and refilling.
o True
o False
Question 9
Hypotension means low blood pressure.
o True
o False

Question 10
A sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope can be used together to
measure the blood pressure.
o True
o False

Good Health – Ms. Hằng
Read the following passage and answer the questions:
Good Health
Most people would agree with the
definitionof good health as being a state
where you are free from sickness. Despite
this, there are many different opinions
about how a person can actually have good
health. People used to only think of their
health when they were sick. But these days more and more people are
taking measures to make sure that they don't get sick in the first place.
In this article I will describe a few of the most common things that you
can do to stay healthy.
One of the best things you can do for your body is exercise. But
how much is enough? Not everyone agrees on exactly how much
people should exercise each day. Some people think that doing simple
things like cleaning the house are helpful. Other people do heavy
exercise everyday such as running or swimming. One thing experts do
agree on is that any kind of exercise is good for you.
Along with exercise, having a healthy diet can help promote good
health. Foods like vegetables and fruits should be eaten several times
each day. It is also important to eat foods high in fiber such as beans,
grains, fruit and vegetables. Fiber helps your body to digest the food
you eat. It also helps your body in other ways such as decreasing the
chance of getting some cancers, heart disease and diabetes. Avoiding
foods with a lot of sugar, salt and fat is a good idea. Eating these kinds
of foods can lead to a variety of health problems. The main one being

obesity. Obesity means having so much fat on your body that you
are risking your health.
In todays modern world, we all have some level of stress in our life.
Different things cause stress for different people. Money problems,
work and relationships with other people can all cause stress. It can also
be caused by good things like getting married or moving into a new
house. The important thing to remember is that you can never
completely remove stress from your life. It will always be with you.
Instead of trying to remove stress, people need to be aware of what
causes them stress and find ways to reduce the impact that stress has
on their lives.
There are several ways to fight against stress in your life. Exercise
andsports are a great way to reduce stress. Other activities like Tai Chi,
yoga or taking a walk also help reduce stress. Changing the way you
think can also reduce stress. Try living for now, and don't worry about
the future.
The things I’ve just mentioned are only some of the ways that
people can have good health. Doing these simple things can help you to
have a better life now and will lead to a longer and happier life in the
future.

Question 1
What is the main idea of the text?
o Knowing the difference between good health and bad health
is important.
o Exercising, a healthy diet and reducing stress lead to a healthy
life
o People all over the world have different ideas of what “good
health” means.
Question 2
Tai Chi, Yoga and taking a walk are examples of _________.
o how we live now.
o ways to reduce stress.
o changing how you think
Question 3
Beans, grains, fruit and vegetables are examples of __________.
o Foods that can cause obesity
o Foods you should eat several times a day
o Foods with fiber
Question 4
What is one cause of obesity?
o Foods high in fiber
o Unhealthy foods
o A lot of exercise
Question 5
The word “It” in bold refers to:
o World

o Work
o Stress
Question 6
In which order were these ideas presented?
o Exercise, diet, stress
o Diet, stress, exercise
o Stress, diet, exercise
Question 7
Everyone agrees on how to have good health.
o True
o False

Question 8
You must do difficult exercise for a long time everyday to be healthy.
o True
o False
Question 9
To be healthy people have to stop all stress in their life.
o True
o False

Bài TậpReading Y2 – Mr. Thành
Glands manufacture and secrete necessary substances. Exocrine
glands secrete their products through ducts, but endocrine glands, or
ductless glands, release their products directly into the bloodstream.
One important endocrine gland is the thyroid gland. It is in the
neck and has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe. The thyroid
gland collects iodine from the blood and produces thyroxine, an
important hormone, which it stores in an inactive form. When thyroxine
is needed by the body, the thyroid gland excretes it directly into the
bloodstream.Thyroxine is combined in the body cells with other
chemicals andaffects many functions of the body.
The thyroid gland may be underactive or overactive, resulting in
problems. An underactive thyroid causes hypothyroidism, while an
overactive one causes hyperthyroidism. The former problem called
myxedema in adults and cretinism in children, causes the growth
process to slowdown. A cretin's body and mind do not grow to their full
potential. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, results in extreme
nervousness, an increase in heart action, and other problems.
Either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may result in goiter, or
an enlarged thyroid gland. A goiter will appear when the body is not
getting enough iodine. Goiter is less common today, since most people
use iodized salt.
(Collected material)

Question 1
The thyroid gland is called an endocrine gland because it
_____________.
o has ducts
o has lobes
o secretes directly into the bloodstream
o is located in the neck
Question 2
The bold word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to:
o iodine
o thyroxine
o thyroid gland
o blood
Question 3
A cretin is _____________.
o an adult with an underperforming thyroid gland
o a child with hyperthyroidism
o a young person with hypothyroidism
o an extremely irritable child
Question 4
Which of the following is a probable result of myxedema?
o Sluggishness
o Perspiration
o Overproduction of thyroxine
o hyperactivity
Question 5
In paragraph 3, the bold word “former” refers to:

o hypothyroidism
o overactive thyroid
o hyperthyroidism
o secretion
Question 6
A goiter is ____________.
o a chemical
o an underactive thyroid gland
o a person with myxedema
o a swollen thyroid gland

Question 7
Exocrine and endocrine glands are distinguished from each other by
whether they ___________.
o cause myxedema or cretinism
o secrete through ducts or without ducts
o result in an enlarged or shrunken goiter
o cause hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
Question 8
In paragraph 1, the word “secrete” is closest in meaning to
___________.
o indiscernible
o absorb
o display
o emit
Question 9
If a thyroid is not working enough, the illness is known as __________.
o excretion
o hyperthyroidism
o hyperactivity
o hypothyroidism
Question 10
The main idea of the passage is ___________.
o secretion with and without glands
o the illnesses of an overactive thyroid gland
o how glands work
o the function and illnesses of the thyroid gland

Question 11
The function of the thyroid gland is described in paragraph:
o 1
o 4
o 2
o 3

Bài kiểm tra Y2– Ms. Thủy
Non -Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Mr. F, a 48 -year -old male, presented to his GP (General
Practitioner) with a painless swelling in the right axilla. Thelump had
been present for at least two months before his consultation and he
had not beenunduly concerned until he noticed a similar lump in his left
axilla that appeared to be increasingin size. The patient indicated he
had a good appetite and denied weight loss. There had been nochange
to his bowel and bladder habits and apart from a recent cold and
tonsillitis he had notsuffered any infection. He had smoked for 32 years
and admitted moderate drinking. The onlyproblem he mentioned was
difficulty in sleeping; sometimes he would wake sweating copiously.
Examination revealed prominent lymph node enlargement in the
right and left axillae andinguinal areas. The largest node was located in
the right axilla, approximately 2 cm across.Examination of the head and
neck also revealed enlarged cervical nodes, the largestapproximately
1.5cm across. The nodes were firm, tender and rubbery on palpation.
Cardiovascular and pulmonary examination was normal. He had
splenomegaly that was palpable3cm below the left costal margin. His
tonsils appeared swollen. It was evident from initialexamination that
Mr. F was suffering from a generalized lymphadenopathy that did not
appear tobe associated with infection.
Mr. F underwent axillary nodal biopsy and his specimen was sent
to histopathology.Examination of the tissue revealed a follicular, small,
cleaved cell non -Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL). This was followed by a
bilateral bone marrow trephine biopsy that demonstrated
cellssuspicious for lymphoma similar to those found in the nodes. The
lymphocytes forming the tumor were classified as being of B-cell origin.

Computerized tomography (CT) was used toassess nodal enlargement
and he was referred to the oncology department for staging.
Mr. F underwent four cycles of chemotherapy (CHOPS) and since
then no disease is evident inhis bone marrow and his lymphadenopathy
has regressed.

Find words in the text which mean:
Question 1
The armpit: __________.
Question 2
Removal and examination of living tissue: _______________.
Question 3
Treatment with chemicals i.e. cytotoxic drugs that kill cancer cells:
_________________.
Question 4
Study of tumours/cancers: _________________.
Question 5
Technique of using X-rays to image a section through the body:
_________________.
Question 6
Enlargement of the spleen: ______________.
Question 7
Disease of the lymph glands i.e. lymph nodes: ______________.
Question 8
Study of disease of tissues (here refers to a section of the pathology
laboratory): __________________.
Question 9
Inflammation of the tonsils: ________________.

Reading: Moreabout the lungs and respiratory system
Breathing patterns are altered when there is infection, disease,
blockage, or injury to the respiratory system. the ability of the lung to
accommodate a sufficient intake of air is known as pulmonary capacity.
This is measured in terms of volume. Several types of lung volumes are
used to assess and diagnose the health or illness of the lungs. These
include inspiratory volume, functional residual volume, vital capacity
and total capacity. The rate at which the lungs inflate and deflate (the
ventilation rate) can be affected by infection or other disease and by
various other stimuli. Factors that may increase the rate and depth of
ventilation include increased or decreased levels of arterial blood gases,
an increase in prolonged pain, and a decrease in blood pressure. factors
that can decrease or inhibit the rate and depth of ventilation include
severe pain causing apnea, decreased body temperature, increased
blood pressure, and increased levels of arterial blood gases.
Health professionals recognize the importance of assessing for and
ensuring adequate oxygenation for health and healing. Any impairment
in the respiratory system, particularly the lungs, adversely affects every
other organ and cell of the body. Disease of any part of the lung can
affect the ph balance of the body. The term pH stands foe the potential
hydrogen in the body. Human blood is rated at 7.4 on the pH scale. A
reading of less than 7 (<7) indicates an acidic imbalance called acidosis;
while a reading of greater then 7 (>7) indicates alkalinity.
The respiratory system has its own capacity to protect itself from
toxins, viruses, bacteria, and other disease-causing agents. This is
accomplished through the system's ability to secrete mucous. It is the
system's most significant protective mechanism. Mucous traps toxins
and attempts to isolate or expel them. It is then expelled from the body
by the process of sneezing and coughing. Phlegm, on the other hand, is

a sticky secretion of mucous that originates only in the lungs. When
expelled by a cough, it is referred to as sputum.
(Excerpt from Medical English Clear & Simple: A Practice-Based
Approach to English for ESL Healthcare Professional)

Question1
Find a word in the reading text means "changed":
__________________________
Question2
What is "pulmonary capacity"?
o The ability of the lung to expel air out of its capacity
o The ability of the lung to accommodate the extra air volume
o The ability of the lung to have a sufficient intake of air
o D. The ability of the air to enter the lung Submit
Question3
Doctors can use the lung volume to identify some problems of the lung.
o True
o False
Question4
Increased or decreased levels of arterial blood gases can increase the
rate and depth of ____________.
Question5
Match the left to the right:
Decreased body temperature
Infection, various stimuli affect
Decrease in blood pressure
increases the rate and depth of
ventilation
decreases the rate and depth of
ventilatio
affect how the lungs inflate and
deflate

Question6
Any impairment in the respiratory system affects ______________.
o None are correct
o the pH balance of the body and one particular cell of the body
o the pH balance and one particular organ of the body
o the pH balance and other organs, and cells of the body
Question7
The term pH stands for __________ __________ (2 words) in the body.

Question8
Match the left to the right:
pH > 7
pH = 7.4
pH <7
human blood
alkanility
acidosis
Question9
What helps the lungs to protect from pathogens?
o Mucous
o Sputum
o Phlegm
Question10
What are inside the lungs?
o the mucous and sputum
o the phlegm and sputum
o the mucous and phlegm
o mucous, phlegm and sputum

12-minute test
Diabetes mellitus
W, a 14-year-old boy on holiday in the locality, was brought into
Accident and Emergency (A & E) by his worried parents. Prior to
admission he had complained of tiredness,insomnia and his mother had
noticed that despitea good appetite he had become thinner. On the
morning of admission he suffered abdominal pain, nausea and
vomiting, his breathing had become irregular and at times he appeared
semiconscious. Further questioningof the parents indicated the patient
had recently developed polydipsia and polyuria.
On admission he was conscious and hyperventilating;he was
dehydrated and his breath had the fruity odour of ketones. Blood and
urine samples were analysed and quickly indicated clinically significant
levels of glycosuria, hyperglycaemia and ketonaemia. W's condition was
diagnosed as diabetic ketoacidosis and emergency treatment was
commenced.
Vital signs on admission:
+ Pulse Oral temp BP110/70
+ 98 per minute 36.0°C
+ Blood glucose Urine 3+ Hyperventilating
+ 28 mrnol/litre ketones
He was given an initial intravenous infusion of 6 units of soluble
insulin followed by 6 units hourly. His fluid and electrolyte loss were
replaced by an intravenous saline infusion. His blood glucose was

monitored hourly and electrolytes 2 hourly in the initial phase of
treatment. When his blood glucose reached its normal value, he was
given a saline infusion of 5% Dextrose containing 20 mmol KClper litre.
The dose of insulin was adjusted according to the hourly blood glucose
results.
W's parents were informed their son was suffering from Type 1
diabetes mellitus also known as insulindependent diabetes mellitus
(IDDM), a chronic incurable condition brought on by a failure of the
pancreatic islets to produce insulin.
Once recovered from his acute attack he was referred to the
diabetic clinician for advice on insulin therapy and his GP was informed.
He responded well to advice, and now self-administers two daily
injections of insulin. Hisregimen was adjusted to avoid hypoglycaemia
and give good glycaemic control. Both injections consist of a mixture of
short and intermediate-acting insulins, the first before breakfast and
the second before his evening meal.

islets
regimen
polydipsia
ketonaemia
insomnia
glycosuria
electrolyte
hyperglycaemia
hyperventilating
ketoacidosis
conditionof too much/excessive thirst
conditionof sugar in the urine
conditionof too muchurine
small islandsof cells that secrete insulin in the pancreas(Islets of Langerhan's)
the ionized saltsin the blood(e.g sodiumandpotassiumions)
abnormalacidity causedby ketones
conditionof below normallevels of sugarin the blood
regulated scheme (e.g. of taking drugs/medication)
conditionof inability to sleep
conditionof ketonesin the blood
conditionof above normalconcentrationof sugar in the blood
abovenormal ventilationrate of the lungs(rapid deep breathing)
Match
the
left to
the
right:

10-minute test(1)
Allergies
Some people suffer from hay fever when pollen is in the air. Others
develop skin rashes when they touch certain substances. Still others
experience stomach cramps after eating particular foods. These
ailments are all caused by allergic reactions to various substances. In
most cases, an allergy causes relatively mild symptoms such as sneezes
from breathing dust. A rare and severe allergic reaction can occasionally
lead to death. Death from bee stings is an example of this severe type
of allergic reaction. When possible, one should avoid contact with the
pollens, foods or whatever has previously caused an allergic reaction.
Many substances are so widespread, however, that it is difficult to avoid
them. These include dust, pollens, and polluted air. When allergy is
severe, it is possible for a physician to desensitize the person to the
allergen by injecting a small amount of an extract of the allergen under
the skin, and gradually increasing the dose until a tolerance to the
allergen is built up.

Question1
Allergic reactions _________.
o are usually not too serious
o usually make people sneeze
o are experienced by all people
o unfortunately often end in death
o are always the cause of rashes
Question2
We can assume from the passage that dust, pollens and polluted air
_________.
o are among the deadliest of all allergens
o account for the death of many people so far
o are the greatest threat to allergy sufferers in urban areas
o should be avoided at all costs, or the sufferer may die
o are allergens that are hard to avoid
Question3
We can conclude from the passage that _________.
o doctors are usually helpless in allergy cases
o the most common allergic reaction is to bee stings
o a sufferer can only avoid allergens through professional assistance
o most allergy sufferers develop stomach pain after eating some
foods.
o allergens and allergic reactions are of various types

Question4
The word "tolerance" is closest in meaning to________.
o the ability to suppress something
o the ability to prevent something
o the ability to resist something
o the ability to suffer something without being harmed
Question5
In some cases, allergies can be life-threatening.
o True
o False

Communicating with elderly patients
1. Are there any circumstances where you think a doctor should
override a patient’swishes, when those wishes mean that the
patient may be putting their life at risk?
2. Why do you think this patient made such an impression on the
doctor?
Relative risk
“It was a tight pain, around my chest, just like when I had my heart
attack 40 years ago.” He went on to give a textbook history of cardiac
chest pain, which had kept him awake all night two nights previously.
When I asked him why he had not sought help sooner, he told me that
he had been looking after his son’s pets while he was away for an
important job interview: I proceeded to ask about risk factors for
ischaemic heart disease, starting with smoking. “Yes, I did smoke, but
then again, everyone did then ... you would have too.”
Intrigued, I asked what he meant. “I was a Spitfire pilot during the
war. Not the normal planes, but the ones on the aircraft carriers. The
landing deck was only about 300 feet [about 100 m] long and about 75
feet wide. What made it even harder was that it was a moving target in
rough seas. When you’ve done that, chest pain doesn’t seem quite so
bad.”
His blood troponin concentration was elevated at 1.73 µg/l, and
we advised hospital admission for observation and optimisation of his
medication. “No thanks, doc,” he replied, “It’s the Bowls Club Christmas

dinner tonight – I don’t want to miss it.” We counselled him as to the
risks, but he would not stay. It was all we could do to stop him walking
the short distance home, rather than waiting for transport.
Although I was initially concerned by his refusal to stay, on
reflection, I think he made the correct decision. We work in a risk
averse environment and often lose perspective. For him, the risk of
another ischaemic event or arrhythmia was taken in the context of what
he had been through all those years ago. He could not contemplate the
possibility of his son missing out on a valuable job opportunity, or not
catching up with his friends at their annual dinner, just so that he could
stay in hospital.
He has taught me a valuable lesson – risk is relative.
Stephen J Hanna, GP registrar, department of elderly medicine, York
District Hospital, York
BMJ 2007;335:666 (29 September), doi:10.1136/bmj.39129.623368
3. In the case above, the doctor lets the patient leave the hospital,
despite the fact thatthey had advised he stay for observation and
optimisation of his medication. Discusswhat your reaction might
have been and the factors that would influence this decision.
4. The doctor says of the patient “We counselled him as to the risks”.
What communicationstrategies might you use in a similar situation
to confirm that the patient hadunderstood what the risks were?
5. In the text the doctor says that the patient has taught him a
valuable lesson, that“risk is relative.” What do you think he means
by this?

Thinkabout the following question, there is no need to answer it here.
6. What communication strategies might you use in a similar
situation to confirm that the patient had understood what the risks
were?
10-minute test (2)
Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease is the end result of the accumulation of
plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the muscle of the
heart with oxygen and nutrients. The symptoms and signs of coronary
heart disease are noted in the advanced state of disease. But most
individuals with coronary heart disease show no evidence of disease for
decades. The disease progresses unnoticed until the first onset of
symptoms, often a "sudden" heart attack, finally arise. After decades of
progression, some of these plaques may rupture and start limiting
blood flow to the heart muscle.
The disease is the most common cause of sudden death, and is
also the most common reason for death of men and women over 20
years of age. According to present trends in the United States, half of
healthy 40-year-old males will develop coronary heart disease in the
future, and one in three healthy 40-year-old women. According to the
Guinness Book of Records, Northern Ireland is the country with the
most occurrences of coronary heart disease.

Question 1
How long can coronary heart disease go unnoticed?
o Until plaque accumulates in arteries
o Until oxygen and nutrients are supplied to the heart
o Until someone is 40 years old
o For 10, 20 or 30 years
Question 2
Coronary heart disease can progress suddenly.
o True
o False
Question 3
Coronary heart disease is more prevalent among women than men.
o True
o False
Question 4
Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death.
o True
o False
Question 5
Coronary heart disease restricts the supply of oxygen and nutrients to
the heart.
o True
o False

Question 6
It is predicted that one in two American men will probably develop
coronary heart disease in their forties in the future.
o True
o False
Question 7
The word "rupture' is closest in meaning to ________.
Choose one answer.
o prevail
o integrate
o burst apart
o segregate

15-minute test
High Blood Pressure - Hypertension
Hypertension (HT) is commonly called high blood pressure,
nowadays (2005 on) defined as above 140/85 mm Hg; or if one is a
diabetic, over 135/80. About 38% of UK adults have hypertension.
Advice and treatment includes exercise, lifestyle changes, and / or diet
changes, as well as drugs.
Possibly as many as 16 million UK people have high blood pressure,
and the proportion of the population is slowly increasing over the years.
About 5% have an obvious underlying cause such as kidney disease.
Most of the rest have no single obvious cause. Some have a genetic
component, with hypertension tending to run in families. In addition
there are environmental and lifestyle factors. The most important
causes are being obese, smoking, too much alcohol, too much salt,
stress, lack of exercise, poor diet, too little potassium, and family history
of relatives with hypertension. Oily fish with omega-3 fatty acids is
protective against high blood pressure and heart disease.
Five self-help measures are suggested:
+ Avoid being overweight.
+ Reduce salt intake.
+ Keep alcohol down.
+ Exercise can reduce your blood pressure and help to keep your
weight down. Start slowly and build up. Walking is excellent. Aim
for 20 to 30 minutes’ activity at least three times a week. Or even
better than more intense exercise for a shorter time.
+ Don’t smoke.

For questions 1-10,decide whether the statements are true (T) or false
(F).
Question1
Hypertension means high blood pressure.
o True
o False
Question2
In the coming years the number of UK people having high blood
pressure will reach 16 million.
o True
o False
Question3
A person having blood pressure over 135/80 mm Hg is in the condition
of HT.
o True
o False
Question4
A person with high blood pressure cannot be treated because there are
no drugs.
o True
o False
Question5
One of the causes of HT is kidney disease.

o True
o False
Question6
Family factor is considered as one of the causes of HT.
o True
o False
Question7
An overweight person may easily get the risk of high blood pressure.
o True
o False
Question8
It is advised that you don’t need to use salt in your diet.
o True
o False

Question9
It is suggested that you don’t smoke too much.
o True
o False
Question10
Walking is the good way to help keep away from HT.
o True
o False

Vitamin C – Ms. Nhã
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin used to treat and prevent a
wide variety of conditions. Often, people use it to prevent or treat the
common cold. However, there are other claimed uses of vitamin C as
well, such as for reducing the risk of heart disease.
The vitamin has several different effects in the human body, such
as:
+ Antioxidant -- Many of the effects of vitamin C can be attributed to
its antioxidant effects. As an antioxidant, it helps prevent the
formation of free radicals, damaging molecules or atoms that can
start a chain reaction of cellular damage. Free radicals play a role
in various age-related conditions, such as cancer and heart disease.
+ Immune function -- There are numerous different proposed
mechanisms by which vitamin C may improve immune function. At
this time, it is not entirely clear how the vitamin stimulates the
immune system.
+ Iron absorption -- Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron from the
digestive tract into the body.
+ Various metabolic pathways and synthesis processes -- It is
important for many different crucial processes in the body,
including forming cartilage and proteins and building or breaking
down numerous other compounds or tissues in the body.

Vitamin C may be effective for several different uses. However,
there is much controversy about some uses, such as for the common
cold.
Most people do not experience side effects with vitamin C (at
normal doses). However, some people may experience side effects
(especially with high doses), including, but not limit to nausea, vomiting,
heartburn or indigestion, insomnia, kidney stones.Normal doses are
probably safe for most people, but high doses can cause problems.
Some people may be more likely to experience problems due to vitamin
C.

Question 1
As anantioxidant Vitamin C can be used to treat ____________.
o heart disease
o common cold
o hepatitis
o all of these
Question 2
Vitamin C play an important part in the processes of ____________.
o cartilage formation
o iron absorption
o protein synthesis
o all of these
Question 3
The mechanism of by which Vitamin C fight common cold __________.
o has been proved
o is debatable
o is entirely clear
o has not been found
Question 4
Which of the following is NOT true?
o Vitamin C is believed to reduce the risk of heart disease.

o Antioxidant effects of Vitamin C result in its many uses in
prevention and treatment of diseases.
o Vitamin C can strengthen the body’s defence against diseases.
o High doses of Vitamin C can be safe for most people.
Question 5
Which one is NOT a side effect caused of vitamin C?
o sleeplessness
o malnutrition
o nephrolithiasis
o bringing up food

Reading test – Ms. Trân
Read the following passage and fill in the blanks using the given words:
When you catch a cold, you tend to feel miserable. You are tired of
sneezing and blowing your nose ___1___ the time. When someone in
your house has a cold, you are ___2___ to get it too. This is because the
cold virus ___3___ easily. ___4___ a person who has a cold blows his
nose, his ___5___ could carry the cold virus. This virus is then deposited
___6___ whatever he touches such as doorknobs, telephone handles
___7___ shower handles. people who also touch the surfaces of
___8___ things and then clean their nose would obtain the virus as
well. To ___9___ your cold from spreading, here is a piece of good
___10___ : wash your hands with soap and water frequently ___11___
that the cold virus would have ___12___ chance to survive.
There is no actual ___13___ for the common cold. The medicine
that you take makes you feel ___14___ but it cannot ___15___ rid of
the cold virus completely. Most people tend to recover ___16___ colds
within a week. When you have a cold, the best thing to do is to get
___17___ of rest. You should go to bed early and not over exert
___18___ .Your must also ___19___ more water as fluids help to cool
the throat ___20___ relieve nasal passages.
(Collect
ed
material
)
__. all __. likely __. spreads __. when __. hands __. on __. or __. these __. prevent
__. advice __. so __. no __. cure __. better __. get __. from __. plenty __. yourself
__. drink __. and

Anesthesiology– Ms. Thảo
Read the passage and answer the questions. You should spend about 20
minutes answering the questions.
Anesthesiology
Since the beginning of time,man has sought natural remedies for
pain. Between 40 and 60 A.D., Greek physician, Dioscoridestraveled
with the Roman armies, studying the medicinal properties of plants
andminerals. His book, De materia medica, written in five volumes and
translated into at least seven languages,was the primary reference
source for physicians for over sixteen centuries. Thefield of
anesthesiology, which was once nothing more than a list ofmedicinal
plants and makeshift remedies, has grown into one of the
mostimportant fields in medicine.
Many of the early painrelievers were based on myth and did little
to relieve the suffering of an illor injured person. The mandragora (now
known as the mandrake plant) was one of the first plants to be used as
an anesthetic. Due to the apparent screaming that theplant made as it
was pulled from the ground, people in the Middle Ages believedthat the
person who removed the mandrake fromthe earth would either die or
go insane. This superstition may have resultedbecause the split root of
the mandrake resembled the human form. In order topull the root from
the ground, the plant collector would loosen it and tie thestem to an
animal. It was believed that the safest time to uproot a mandrakewas in
the moonlight, and the best animal to use was a black dog. In his
manual, Dioscorides suggested boiling the rootwith wine and having a
man drink the potion toremove sensation before cutting his flesh or

burning his skin. Opium and Indianhemp were later used to induce
sleep before a painful procedure or to relievethe pain of an illness.
Other remedies such as cocaine did more harm to thepatient than good
as people died from their addictions. President Ulysses S.Grant became
addicted to cocaine before he died of throat cancer in 1885.
The modern field ofanesthetics dates to the incident when nitrous
oxide (more commonly known aslaughing gas) was accidentally
discovered. Humphrey Davy, the inventor of theminer’s lamp,
discovered that inhaling the toxic compound caused a strangeeuphoria,
followed by fits of laughter, tears, and sometimes unconsciousness.U.S.
dentist, Horace Wells, was the first on record to experiment with
laughinggas, which he used in 1844 to relieve pain during a tooth
extraction. Two yearslater, Dr. William Morton created the first
anesthetic machine. This apparatuswas a simple glass globe containing
an ether-soaked sponge. Morton considered ether a good alternative
tonitrous oxide because the numbing effect lasted considerably longer.
Hisapparatus allowed the patient to inhale vapors whenever the
painbecame unbearable, in 1846, during a trial experiment in Boston, a
tumor was successfully removed from a man's jaw area while he was
anesthetized withMorton’s machine.
The first use of anesthesiain the obstetric field occurred in
Scotland by Dr. James Simpson. Instead ofether, which he considered
irritating to the eyes, Simpson administeredchloroform to reduce the
pain of childbirth. Simpson sprinkled chloroform on ahandkerchief and
allowed laboring women to inhale the fumes attheir own discretion. In
1853, Queen Victoria agreed to use chloroform duringthe birth of her
eighth child. Soon the use of chloroform during childbirth wasboth

acceptable and fashionable. However, as chloroform became a more
popular anesthetic,knowledge of its toxicity surfaced, and it was soon
obsolete.
After World War II, numerousdevelopments were made in the field
of anesthetics. Surgical procedures thathad been unthinkable
werebeing performed with little or no pain felt by the patient. Rather
thanphysicians or nurses who administered pain relief as part of their
profession,anesthesiologists became specialists in suppressing
consciousness andalleviating pain. Anesthesiologists today are classified
as perioperativephysicians, meaning they take care of apatient before,
during, and after surgical procedures. It takes over eight years of
schooling and four years ofresidency until an anesthesiologist is
prepared to practice in the UnitedStates. These experts are trained to
administer three different types of anesthetics: general, local, and
regional.
+ General anesthetic is used to put apatient into a temporary
state of unconsciousness.
+ Local anesthetic is usedonly at the affected site and causes a
loss of sensation.
+ Regional anesthetic is used toblock the sensation and possibly
the movement of a larger portion of the body.
As well ascontrolling the levels of pain for the patient before and
throughout an operation, anesthesiologistsare responsible for
monitoring and controlling the patient's vital functionsduring the
procedure and assessing the medical needs in the post-operativeroom.

The number ofanesthesiologists in the United States has more
than doubled since the 1970s,as has the improvement and success of
operative care. In addition,complications from anesthesiology have
declined dramatically. Over 40 millionanesthetics are administered in
the United States each year, with only 1 in250,000 causing death.

Question 1
Dioscorides’ book, De materia medica, fell out of use after 60 A.D.
o True
o False
o Not given
Question 2
Mandragora was used as an anesthetic during the Middle Ages.
o True
o False
o Not given
Question 3
Nitrous oxide can cause the user both laugh and cry.
o True
o False
o Not given
Question 4
During the second half of the 19th century, most dentists used
anesthesia.
o True
o False
o Not given

Question 5
Anesthesiologists in the United States are required to have 12 years of
education and training.
o True
o False
o Not given
Question 6
There are fewer anesthesiologists in the United States now than in the
past.
o True
o False
o Not given

used by sprinkling on a handkerchief
used on only one specific part of the body
used by boiling with wine
used first during a dental procedure
used to stop feeling over a larger area of the body
used in the first anesthetic machine
chloroform
mandrake
local anesthetic
ether
nitrous oxide
regional anesthetic
general anesthetic
pium
Questions 7-12:
Match each fact about anesthesia with the type of anesthetic that it
refers to. There are more types of anesthetics listed than facts, so you
won’t use them all.

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