Tutorial Guide

Tutorial Guide
Summary Paper on Guides and Tutorials
Introduction
Until starting this class, I never realized the limited knowledge I had on writing. The four assigned
reading pamphlets and tutorials, while not very long, have enlightened me. This eye opening is not
large, measured on what is to come, but the overall experience is dramatic so far.
The required readings are CSU–Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements pamphlet,
Avoiding Plagiarism tutorial, Tour of the Virtual Library video, and How to Search for Articles
tutorial. I have learned about APA requirements, plagiarism, and features of the library using these
resources and will highlight a couple items learned from each.
APA Requirements
Colorado State University–Global Campus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CSU–GC Library
When thinking of a library, almost everyone envisions rows and rows of book, magazines, and other
periodicals neatly on shelves for everyone to browse. CSU–GC has taken this to the digital age with
thousands of scholarly papers, e–books, and articles available at a keyboard away. The availability
to "Ask–a–Librarian" who answers your questions 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (CSU–GC Library,
2014) brings the library to you instead of you to the library. If a student is in need of library
guidance, one can also sign up for small classes to assist in resource use. With just these small
items, the ability to navigate the CSU–GC library is a fantastic source for almost all academic
needs.
Library Search
Searching the library comes with its own unique obstacles though. Not every article or journal is
searchable by a single search engine, BESCOhost, ProQuest, and LexisNexis are the primary three
CSU–GC's library uses to find resources. There is a quirk when saving any article though, you must
create a login profile for each search engine. While both of these issues are somewhat of a nuisance,
the availability of information at your beck–and–call is astounding.
CONCLUSION
While these guides and tutorials are brief, they do hold an abundance of information. Using CSU–
Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements pamphlet, Avoiding Plagiarism tutorial, Tour of the
Virtual Library video, and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Online Library Database Analysis
The digital library at Ashford University is a place where someone can go and explore a world of
valuable information without having to go further than their fingertips. The online digital library
was formed to help students with their research papers or with their writing assignments in college.
Research can be done utilizing the numerous databases available to assist you in any topic you want
to discover. It is no doubt; the benefits of the library have a tremendous amount of resources
available. High–quality data is comprised of several electronic resources consisting of scholar
resources and popular resources. Most importantly the online library is an excellent functional
database that is efficient, convenient and filled with reliable ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First and foremost is comprehending the assignment. Will it require the use of scholarly resources or
popular resources? Once you know where to begin, it is best to use broad statements in the search
functionality. Less said is better in this situation. Databases do not have the same functionality and
meaning as search engines do. Which is the reason why it is important only to use the main idea?
Using these search capability reveal choices that are relevant to the research. Some of the most
commonly used databases online are; Proquest, ESCOHost, JSTOR, and Project Muse. Each of
these has scholarly resources available for your research whereas Proquest and ESCOHost are
mainly used for popular resources. All of these resources are a good place to begin your

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Library Consortium
LIBRARY CONSORTIUM AS A VALUABLE RESOURCE IN 21ST CENTUARY LIBRARY
Shalini
Librarian, Chhotu Ram Institute of Law, Rohtak.
ABSTRACT: Consortium plays an important role in present time ICT environment for transforming
21st centuries libraries into an automated world. Due to the crunching financial assistance to the
libraries and increase in the cost of the information sources, it has been very difficult for the
libraries to procure all the information sources needed by their users. The solution to the above
problem is library consortia especially in relation to electronic resources. This paper describes an
overview to the concepts, needs, factors, advantages, disadvantages of library consortium. It also
portrays different types of consortium at national and international level.
KEYWORDS: Library consortia, Models of consortia, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amit Singh ,Pramod Kumar, "Library Consortia: Brief Overview", " Library Automation Issues And
Remedies In Present Scenario".p–200.
2. Kasam Ali, Md. Ghulam Samdani: "Library Consortium A Valuable Souce In Present Scenario:
An Overview." "Library Automation Issues and Remedies in Present Scenario".P–31.
3. Ved Parkash, Som Dutt,: "Utilization Of Library Consortia In Indian Scenario," " Library
Automation Issues And Remedies In Present Scenario".P–194.
4. IGNOU: "Library, information and Society." Block–3, "Resource Sharing and Library
Networks."P–88.
5. Ramesh Yernagula, & P. K. Kelkar Library IIT Kanpur, Library Consortia: Benefits and models
of E–Consortia Journals
6. http://www.isical.ac.in/~serial/consortia/CBSOR–11.pdf
7. Kasam Ali, Md. Ghulam Samdani: "Library Consortium A Valuable Souce In Present Scenario:
An Overview." "Library Automation Issues and Remedies in Present Scenario".P–32.
8. IGNOU: "Library, information and Society." Block–3, "Resource Sharing and Library
Networks."p–59

9. Library Consortia: benefits and models of E–journals Consortia Ramesh Yernagula, & P. K.
Kelkar Library IIT

Advantages And Disadvantages Of E-Textbooks
STUDENT AND TEACHERS PERCEPTIONS OF E–TEXTBOOKS AND E–READERS NEW
WAYS TO LEARN?
In this age of information technology, the traditional notion of 'literacy', which is understood as 'the
ability to read and write' is far from sufficient. In order to adequately characterize literacy in the 21st
century, the definition has to capture the relationship between literacy and new technologies.
Information and skills are indispensable concepts in the characterization of literacy in a knowledge–
based society. Digital literacy is concerned with 'the ability to understand information', and to
evaluate and integrate information in multiple formats that the computer can deliver' (Gilster, in
Pool 1997). The emergence of e–book technology and its related ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The success of a web enhanced experience will require professors to learn new skills in order to
effectively interact with students. Sun et al. (2012) suggest that the positive impact of e–textbooks is
directly related to the incorporation of features in the learning process.
Academics are still challenged by to efficiently measure technology's influence on higher education
learning. Many articles discuss the advantages and disadvantages of e–textbooks and agree that the
current letter grading system may not be the best way to reward performance in this new
environment. O'Donnell and Sharp (2012) highlighted in their survey that students think technology
delivers greater performance and is better for preparation at the masters level compared to
traditional methods, see also (O' Donnell, 2008).
In conclusion, students using print books not all students have a difficult time connecting with the
content and students not all students who used e–textbooks on the other hand there is a possibility of
most to appreciate user friendly search options and the overall

Undisciplined College Students
Did you read about the social media war between the United States presidential candidates of this
year's election? Obviously, digital technology is so prevalent in our society, even presidential
hopefuls get so immersed in Twitter that they are up at three o'clock in the morning tweeting instead
of sleeping. It is important to realize that digital technology influences all people in some ways.
Particularly, how college students of this generation make use of digital technology can be
precarious for their academic progress. The wide spread of today's technology via computers or
smartphones results in constant connectivity to the internet. Social media, video gaming,
information databases, and online classes, have affected college students' studies differently.
Undisciplined students become distracted by social media and gaming while self–disciplined
students take the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The majority of college students are using their smartphones for social media. Though social media
may help people staying connected, it is also a distraction. According to Thompson, "Today's tools
make it easier for us to find connections – between ideas, pictures, people, bits of news – that were
previously invisible" (p.349). Thompson's view of social media is that they help people stay
connected with friends, family members, and other people who share the same ideas. However,
drawn to social media, undisciplined college students are like a moth to a flame. Whether or not
they are consciously aware of it, social media are making them distracted from studying. Even a
professional writer like Thompson is not an exception. As a matter of fact, Thompson says he was
"idly checking Twitter links" when he was distracted from his writing (p. 351). Equally, I sometimes
get distracted while doing my assignments and send links to inane materials to a friend. Thus, social
media can steal the precious time that undisciplined college students could use for

The Polarity Of College Students
Digital Age
The Polarity of College Students
Back in my days, we were not fortunate enough to... Gotcha! Did you expect that to be a dull story
like our grandparents or parents may have told to show us how much more difficult their lives were?
Not exactly, this writing is about how college students of this generation make use of digital
technology. The wide spread of today's technology via computers or smartphones results in constant
connectivity to the internet. Social media, video gaming, information databases, and online classes,
have affected college students' studies. As a result, more students are being distracted, making a
wider academic gap with self–disciplined students. Most college students use a computer at home
and/or a smartphone, a more compact, mobile version of a computer. Thanks to the mobility of
smartphones that makes them ubiquitous, accessing the internet is effortless. Frequently, I observe
students dotting all over the campus interacting with their smartphones. As observed by Clive
Thompson, author of "Smarter Than You Think," "our tools are everywhere, linked with our minds,
working in tandem (p.347)." In other words, we are likely to be using our computers all the time.
We use our computers whenever we have a chance. In particular, students from my writing class opt
to use their smartphones during our short ten minutes break. Author of "Is Google Making Us
Stupid?" Nicholas Carr shares a similar experience, "Even when I'm not working, I'm as

Theodore Roosevelt And The Roosevelt Center
Theodore Roosevelt during his life would spend time in North Dakota to hunt buffalo and settled in
a ranch there for some years as he found a renowned interest in the area he called his "second
home". In 2005, Dickinson State University (DSU) began to explore the legacy of the 26th President
as a tribute to his historical legacy and admiration to the territory that the university resides today.
As a result the Theodore Roosevelt Center was founded in 2007 at the university. In essence the
Theodore Roosevelt Center was founded to manage Roosevelt's archives as like many prior
presidents, he did not have an established presidential library. Many of his papers were scattered in
archives around the country including the Library of Congress, Harvard University, six national
parks, and in smaller collections at numerous other repositories. In 2008, DSU began a partnership
with the Library of Congress to digitize the Library's vast holdings related to Theodore Roosevelt,
with the intent to make them freely available online. Its broad audience scope is to attract everyone
from scholars and schoolchildren, enthusiasts and interested citizens and to provide well organized
high quality reference material to enthusiastic seekers of our 16th president. The physical library is
expected to open in 2019 but is available online.
Recognizing the significance of the contributions being made by Dickinson State University in
preserving and promoting Roosevelt's legacy, in the spring of 2013 the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digitization
3.0 RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
3.1 Making digitised content from (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) GLAM openly
available.
From the digitized content, the user and instituitions can get the benefit. When it make available for
use with the licensing of the structure. There are many institutions started to make the collections
that are available. The digitisation unable to make use of the materials and calculate the output
because the historical materials does not belong to them but the digitized does not given a license to
reuse it. According to Wissenburg, 1996, it have been stated that the higher education institutions
asked to provide online tutorials and readings in various aspects of history, embedding digitised
primary sources ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Everything centers on the connections between people's past through the archive. Archive being able
to provide the evidence and importantly provide meaning to people through connecting with their
past with the availability in the archives. That can give the people knowledge or little bit clearer
understanding. In addition, archives are experiences to kept the historical materials. Archivists have
increasing opportunities for collaborations at universities by trending affecting higher education
today and understanding of varying experiences of archives should only strengthen these
collaborations through enabling clear communication. Moreover, archivists need to reconsider and
develop new approaches to the important issue of the use of archival material. Six approaches to this
challenges are suggested and discussed, developing better means of tracking research use,
improving procedures for interpreting and reporting on that use, promoting increased research use,
emphasizing use as a means of garnering program support, reaching out to the user community for
assistance in dealing with certain archival issues and expanding the concept of reference service to a
broader notion of researcher service or public service. Last but not least, the aims of this paper
research is to promote the public access of the archival institution. Thus, the archival institution and
its organization needs to think of the promoting or also known as marketing. Promoting and
marketing are very important in an organizational as it can help to improve the services of an
organizational n order to meet the needs of the

Medical Library And The Medical Center Of Houston Essay
My practicum site was the Research Medical Library at MD Anderson located in the Medical Center
of Houston, TX. MD Anderson Cancer Center has several libraries located throughout their
buildings; each library caters to different individuals. The Research Medial Library has a primary
clientele of more than 17,000 faculty, staff, students, and fellows. The Research Medical Library has
more than 95,775 client visits. (MD Anderson)
My goals during my practicum include the following;
Goal #1– Gain exposure and knowledge to different medical librarian's roles in the libraries located
at MD Anderson.
Objectives:
1. Meet with different medical librarians at the Medical Research Library and the Learning Center
Libraries to learn about their specific roles.
a. Tour the different libraries on campus to become familiar with each library and what it specializes
in by meeting with different department librarians.
b. Attend different classes taught to observe how librarians teach different skills to library users.
c. After observations and meeting with the librarians prepare class materials to teach a class for
library users.
Goal #2 Learn the technology and procedures used for preserving and digitalizing photographs.
Objectives:
1. Learn how to appropriately handle fragile photographs to ensure they are not damaged.
2. Learn the best method for scanning different size photographs and which settings will give the
best result for digitalizing.
a. Learn the

Ncu Library Research Paper
Reach Out with a question to the NCU Librarian. Explain your question and answer you received
and how that facilitated your used of the NCU Library.
On 11/03/17 I verbally communicated with Taylor Duncan. She is a Librarian at Northcentral
University. We talked about our experience as a librarian. Several years ago, I worked at Savannah
Technical College library. I was a Librarian for two years. Savannah Technical College Library is
very similar to a Public Library and North Central Library is completely online. Taylor is an
Instructional design librarian. She helps students and the NCU faculty integrates library in their
courses. She provided me with a lot of information about the NCU library.
My week 4 assignment have an example on how

China 's Libraries : The Influence Of A Large Population
China's Libraries: The Influence of a Large Population
Constance M. Caddell
North Carolina Central University
Author Note
Constance M. Caddell, School of Library and Information Sciences, North Carolina Central
University.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Constance Caddell, North Carolina
Central University, 1800 Fayetteville Street, Box 19530, Durham, NC 27707. Email:
ccaddell@eagles.nccu.edu Abstract
This paper will explore the ever–evolving library system in China while taking into consideration
the influence its large population has on the libraries. China is famously known for its large
population and its rich culture. This country highly values education and knowledge, which makes
them the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, it will end with the opportunities and challenges that are facing China's libraries. Through
this paper, we will gain a general understanding of China's growing library system as they take steps
to secure its advancement in society. China's Libraries: The Influence of a Large Population China, a
country with such a rich history, has long been identified by its significantly large population. When
one thinks of China some of the first images that come to mind are the unique architecture, the
traditional dress, splendid dynasties, internationally acclaimed philosophies, and high educational
standards. It was noted by Wasserstrom (2013) that the most emphasized moralities from the
Analects are education, ritual, and hierarchal relationships. These three important factors are such
values that, to this day, they have a significant influence on Chinese culture. In addition to its rich
culture and values, this country has the honor of holding the largest population in the world. The
current population of this country is 1,370,940,000. Their population was growing at such a
significant rate that following the year 1979, the country put in place the "One–Child Family"
policy. The general purpose of this policy is to limit the size of the Chinese family. It should be
noted that though its title states one child, in some cases families are allowed to have a second child.
"We now live in an era

Internet and Information Paper
Your name
University of Phoenix
Media and American Culture HUM/176
Wendell Smith
July 20, 2012
Hello,
It's good to hear from you. You're right to be fascinated about the internet; it can be a great tool. I
use the internet nearly every day it's like having a dictionary, thesaurus, almanac, encyclopedia, and
library all rolled into one and open 24 hours a day 7 days a week. The internet is a great tool
however finding the information you're looking for is like finding a needle in a stack of paperclips,
lots of information that's similar but not quite what you're looking for it. The most common tool we
use to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The digital divide is a term used for to describe the growing distance between those with access to
information and those who don't have the access. We would be a perfect example of the digital
divide. What makes us a perfect example would be your lack of access to the internet and electronic
devices like smartphone, computers, and the internet and how I have access to all of that
information at the touch of my fingers. One aspect of the digital divide is the speed in which people
can access information. The difference between high speed internet and dialup can have a major
impact on staying informed. One way we are trying to bridge the digital divided is by trying to
increase access to the internet. Organizations like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have been
leading advocates of provided the public access to the internet with networked computers in
libraries since 1997. Some would say we are succeeding at least in the United States now that nearly
99 percent of public libraries have internet access available to the public. Now we are working on
expanding the number of computers in those libraries. With the increasing use of smartphones the
digital divide between different white Americans and African Americans shrunk greatly. Globally
we face a harder time closing the gap since the digital divide closely follows behind the economic
divide. As the

Center for Sacramento History Essay
Just like any library, ancient special libraries, also known as archives, where created to preserve and
keep records of specific materials, such as business documents that were written on clay tablets at
that time or papyrus scrolls that were about personal or business matters. At first, general libraries
were mainly focused on providing educational materials for the adult population; however, libraries
have gone through great transformations. Now–a–days, the libraries' purpose has widened and now
they focus on providing any needed information, educational or leisure materials to people of all
ages and types of their communities (Rowland, Collection). Also, now public libraries have
partnerships with school libraries and academic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As for archives, the type of employees that they employ really depends on what does the archive
wants to preserve and collect. For example, according to the Center for Sacramento History official
website, the type of employees that currently work at the history archive center are photographs
archivist, city historian, interpretive specialist, senior reference and government records archivist,
curator of history, manuscripts archives, and a film specialist. Libraries try to expand their services
by offering patrons a wide variety of materials by incorporating statewide borrowing and statewide
licensing of databases into their library (Rowland, Library Archives). Also, libraries offer children's
services, access services, reference and reader's advisory services, bookmobiles, outreach services,
technical services, and a variety of other programs (Fourie, 51). The services that are offered in an
archive or special library, varies depending on what type the archive is. For example, since the
Center for Sacramento History archive collects and preserves historical artifacts and documents
about Sacramento, they hold exhibitions in various places throughout the Sacramento County, have
a

A Career In Civic Engagement
After high school I struggled through numerous retail jobs. As fate would have it however, my wife
would introduce me to someone who worked with the Chicago Public Library. I was able to land a
job as a CyberNavigator, assisting patrons with technological issues and promoting digital literacy.
During my time as a CyberNavigator, I worked in numerous underprivileged communities where I
spent most of my time helping patrons find jobs online or applying for financial assistance through
the government websites. Connecting with numerous organizations in the community, I established
my library as a center in the community where patrons could actively come to find assistance on a
number of digital literacy issues. I finally felt a sense of pride in my work and it prepared me for my
future endeavors in civic engagement. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Built on the Connected Learning framework, the space created a tangible connection between youth
interests, educational achievement, employment opportunities, and civic engagement (Sebring et al.,
2013). There were many occurrences during my time at YOUmedia were students directly impacted
their communities or peers through various forms of art. One such occasion was during the "What's
Going On...Now"

Disadvantages Of Digital Library
Introduction
In past decade the ICT (Information Communication Technology) is very firstly develop and impact
to the society, i.e. called IT Society. Various type of ICT applications are provides the knowledge's
and information to the users. Presently ICT emerge to digital library. Various academic institutions
published project report, thesis, article, etc. The digital library also help the institution repositories
collection, organized, managed and pacific information dissimilate. Some digital libraries are work
on the project of national and international level for developing the universal digital library.
Currently most of the information's are generated in digital form and maximum library are
converted from print media to digital media ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Advantages of Digital Library
The digital collections are access through internet and also other media (Hard Disk, DVD, CD
ROM). User can access the digital collections in different–different places without any time barrier.
Multiple users can access the same digital information at the same time.
Library can create a group for sharing the digital information with appropriate protocol and provide
the large numbers of digital information to user.
All the digital information can preserve with the help of hardware and software.
Digital libraries are helpful to all types of education (formal and informal education).
Open Source Software for Libraries
In the current time open source software are help to various area. Some open source software's are
also develop in the field of library. It is benefit to library as well as user. Some open source
software's for library are explained

The Polarity Of College Students
DIGITAL AGE
The Polarity of College Students
Back in my days, we were not fortunate enough to... Gotcha! Did you expect that to be a dull story
like our grandparents or parents may have told to show us how much more difficult their lives were?
Not exactly, this writing is about how college students of this generation make use of digital
technology. The wide spread of today's technology via computers or smartphones results in constant
connectivity to the internet. Social media, video gaming, information databases, and online classes,
have affected college students' studies, causes a wider academic gap between distracted students and
self–disciplined students. College students own a computer or smartphone, a more compact and
mobile version of a computer, or both. Thanks to the mobility of smartphones that makes them
ubiquitous, accessing the internet is effortless. Frequently, I notice students dotting all over the
campus interacting with their smartphones. In his book, "Smarter Than You Think," Clive
Thompson states, "Our tools are everywhere, linked with our minds, working in tandem (p. 347)."
In other words, we are likely to be using our computers whenever we have a chance. In particular,
students from my writing class opt to use their smartphones during our short ten–minute break. For
instance, sharing a similar experience, the author of "Is Google Making Us Stupid?," Nicholas Carr
says he is likely to use a computer when he is not working (par. 3). In brief, smartphones

Advantages Of Virtual Library
Introduction
What is a virtual library? The term has been defined and explained by legion different people in
many different ways. It is a library where in the holdings are found in electronic stacks. It is a
library that exists without involving any physical space or any location. It is a technological way to
bring everything together the resources of different libraries and information services, both internal
and external, all in one, so users can find whatever they need quicker and easier than the normal
way of searching of books.
Sounds awesome, right? Well, the virtual library also has its hindrance and limitations. Schulyler
compares the virtual library to a popsicle, stating that: "If the electricity goes off, the cold goes away
– and so does the popsicle, leaving a soggy smear on the shelf where something substantial once
resided. The virtual library suffers the same vulnerability and the same precarious existence."
(Michael ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They usually seek for technology way than the traditional way of researching for something and the
most common technology way of researching is the use of virtual library.
Virtual library only exist or can occur on computers or in the internet. According to vlib.org, "The
WWW Virtual Library (VL) is the oldest catalogue of the Web.It was started by Tim Berners–Lee,
the creator of HTML and of the Web itself, in 1991 at CERN in Geneva." (vlib.org, 2014). It was
Tim Burners Lee who created and conceive the virtual library and later expanded and established by
Arthur Secret.before it became a formally settled association with Gerard Manning as its Council's
first chairman. Virtual library is run by volunteer that have expertise in the field of compiling
articles or pages for key links. As years pass by, virtual library makes history to be the first and
latest technology that provides people the privilege to browse books that are free from

An Assessment Of Availability Of Information Resources Essay
AN ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION RESOURCES AND SERVICES IN
KASHIM IBRAHIM LIBRARY, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Hassan Usman
PhD Research Scholar
Career Point Univ ersity Kota, Raj. India
Hassansamaru31@gmail.com
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate customer care services and strategies in Kashim Ibrahim
Library, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. To achieve this objective, the researcher raised the
following research questions: What are the information resources available in Kashim Ibrahim
Library, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria? What are the information services offered in Kashim
Ibrahim Library? To what extent are the customers satisfied with the services rendered by Kashim
Ibrahim Library? Survey Research Method was adopted for the study and structured questionnaire
were used for data collection. 200 sets of questionnaire were issued to the respondents And the
study observed that familiarity of information products and services is triggered by the currency of
information resources for user needs. It is noted that currency of information brings stability and use
of information resources as it makes the library user–friendly to the library customers. It was then
recommended that that the library management increases its budget in order to afford buying what
would stimulate the use of the library by its users.
Introduction
The library undoubtedly enhances the intellectual and academic output of students and staff. It

Advantages Of Digital Curation
6. Digital Curation
Digital curation is a continuous process. Digital curation means store, protect, maintaining and
preserving of research work for future use. It is appropriate management of digital information
through life cycle.
The digital curation life cycle comprises of following steps:
a) Conceptualize: In this step included plan for creating digital objects such as data capture and
storage option.
b) Produce: Produce digital objects and allocate metadata such as administrative, descriptive,
structural and technical in this step.
c) Access and Use: In these steps digital objects are designed such a way that users can easily
accessible and use the digital objects. It is noted that some digital objects are publicly available and
some others are password protected.
d) Evaluate and Choose: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
General open file format and proprietary file format are used by user to store the documents on
computer.
f) Storage Device: Storage device like CD ROM, DVD ROM are used to preserve the documents on
digital format.
10. Advantages of Digital Preservation
a)Communication Channel: collect, store, organize and access information digital form via
communication channels is the main purpose of preservation
b) Minimizing the Space Problem: Minimum space is required to preserve the digital documents.
Now a day's information increases day by day due to information explosion. It has only the solution
to preserve the documents in digital format.
c) Digitization:A library digitizes the documents for the purpose of preservation. Library should
digitized documents to accessible the documents over a network
d) Large Database: Library can build a large database through preserve the documents on database.
11. Techniques of Digital Preservation
a) Migration: Migration means converting the documents from one file format to another file
format.E.g. converting a Microsoft Word document to Open Document

Digital Tools And The Adult Learner
Digital Tools and the Adult Learner
Stacee Hildebrandt
COLL100
American Military University
Dr. Danan Myers
Digital Tools and the Adult Learner How can digital tools be used to increase the academic success
of the adult learner? In order to understand how digital tools used to help the adult learner they must
first be digital literate. "Digital literacy is the ability to use digital technology, communications
tools, and/or networks, to access, manage, integrate, evaluate and create information in order to
function in a knowledge society." (Dharkar) Digital tools will bring home the brick and mortar
resources, typically found at traditional colleges and universities, to the adult learner at home and
work.
Many adult learners are returning to college online or with hybrid classes. With the new age of
technology and learning adults have to be more technology savvy. "Educational quality is insured to
a great extent through educational strategies and strategies related to the development of social
relationships through dialogue among teachers and their adult students." (Harlow) Teachers must
adapt their teaching style to cater to their students of all ages. Students must also adapt to the new
technological age. For example, now sometimes students must type their research papers on the
computer and submit them via email to the professor rather than using a type writer and handing it
in face to face. There are some resources to assist the student on their

Library Observation Essay
For my first school library teacher observation, I observed Ms. Gallo–Toth at Brookline Public
School's John D. Runkle Elementary School. According to the Brookline Public Schools website
(PSBMA) Website– Runkle School, para.3) is a K–8 school that has about 560 students. The Runkle
School is also a host to many Spanish English Language Learner students as well as the Reaching
Independence through Structured Education program for children on the autistic spectrum. I
observed Ms. Gallo–Toth introduce the library to sixth grade students as well as visit kindergarten
classrooms to become acquainted with the kindergartners before their formal visit to the library.
Furthermore, I observed an author and illustrator visit to first and second graders at the Martin
Sleeper Library at the John D. Runkle School that derived from collaboration between Ms. Gallo–
Toth and a local independent bookstore. Moreover, I increased my understanding of how a school
library teacher employs collaboration and flexibility to administer the school library program. The
culmination of my observations of Ms. Gallo–Toth highlighted how school library teachers have
many roles within the school such as instruction, collaboration, promoting literacy, and as the school
library program administrator.
The first segment of my elementary school observation was observing Ms. Gallo–Toth introduced
herself, the library, and routines and procedures to two sixth grade classes. By arriving before Ms.
Gallo–Toth began

Heterogeneity And Interoperability Of The Digital Library
Digital library
The Digital Library Federation (2002) define them as organizations that provide the resources
including the specialised staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute,
preserved the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collection of digital work so that
they are readily available for use by a defined community or set of community. Information is a
basic human need, and civilization advances when people are able to apply the right information at
the right time (Fox and Marchionini, 1998). Today, digital libraries act as an effective device in the
progress of human civilization, it also should enable any citizen to access all human knowledge
anytime and anywhere, in an efficient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Interoperability means the degree to which two products, programs and many more that can be used
together or the quality of being able to be used together. While heterogeneity consisting of parts or
things that are very different from each other. Most of library users depend on library services in
getting information needed. In this situation, when digital libraries want to provide information, it is
important to have a good relationship between heterogeneity and interoperability. To achieve a good
interoperability, the exchange information in heterogeneity should covers all types of syntactic
structural, semantic diversities among system to modeling information.
Besides that, it should be consistent between the use of the information as intended by its originator
and the intended exploitation of it by the recipient. This thing need to be considerate to fulfill the
need of library users that comes from many different background. Information providers which is
digital libraries should make a data or information about their collections available for harvesting.
This data will be use by service provider which known as harvester to create value added

The Institute Of Museum And Library Services
Comprehensive Exam
Question 2: The Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) promotes evidence–based
evaluation. For a type of library of your choice discuss the use of outcomes and impact measures to
develop sound evaluation practices. Use IMLS and association tools to craft your answer.
The Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) within the National Foundation of the Arts
and Humanities. The two programs were combined and established in September 30, 1996. The
program has been in existence for the past twenty years and was incorporated by Legislation. The
IMLS provides federal support for the nation's 123,000 libraries and 35,000 museums. The IMLS
motto is Reimagine. In my own words establishing a museum and library in today's 21s century of
technology and digital resources would be the new "REIMAGE".
The research and evaluation of this program targets each state museum and library needs and what
they have to offer to the community.
The museum of my choice would be to create an Interactive Gallery Fashion Institute.
There is a need of more youth fashion cultural awareness museums in Florida. The culture and
selection of fashion defines who we are and how we behave as people. This museum will share the
history of fashion from around the world to the now the 21st century of hip hop culture that will
stimulate and educate the youth interest. Fashion is influenced by art, music and literature. From
Peter Pan to Oscar Wilde, Ann Frank to the Wizard of Oz, Savage

Improving Online Integrating Library System Project Marc...
Interoperability is a property referring to the ability of diverse systems and organizations to work
together. LIS professionals exchange of data, records, and messages between computer systems
across different hardware, operating systems, and networks. For example, a LIS professional uses an
online integrating library system project Marc records a standard record formats for bibliographic
information which was developed to serve library user and staff which is a form of communicating.
This system allows these organizations such as the National Libraries, the Library of Congress, the
National Library of Medicine and the National Agricultural library to communicate online. The
systems are designed to fit individual library needs. The online communication systems provide
remote interlibrary loan services. How far advance have we become by remotely being able to
connect another's library's catalogs? The integration of different hardware and software that can be
used to managing tasks such as automatic routing, partially automated processing.
As a current library media specialist at an elementary school, I have also had the privileged of
working as an elementary school teacher for twenty years. I believe that it is the teacher's position
and duty today to help scaffold each child's learning ability in order to help them achieve their
fullest potential within literacy learning. I want to create a school environment and a program that
will meet the fundamental knowledge skills

PDA Disadvantages
Consequently, with every advantage there comes a disadvantage. With PDA's, there is no exception.
Firstly, PDA's, sometimes, fail to support the broader educational mission of the university, by
emphasising the immediate delivery of information rather than the development of collections that
meet the long–term needs of the institution (De Fino & Lo, 2011; Walters, 2012). This therefore
fails to support the needs of the students. PDA's can determine the students' wants and immediate
desires and not particularly the students' long–term educational needs, especially when it comes to
course requirements and learning (Fulton, 2014; Walters, 2012). This is particularly important when
new university students lack knowledge and expertise to select the most relevant titles to assist with
their learning. PDA's discourage utilising librarians extensive knowledge, awareness and breadth of
subject knowledge (Walters, 2012). Furthermore, PDA's fail to represent the full range of library
stakeholders (Walters, 2012). Walters (2012) reports that PDA programs, grant selection authority to
a limited group of stakeholders, which include current patrons who use the library and the PDA
selection procedure and does not take into account patrons who do not use the library; future
students and faculty; scholars from other institutions; the library as an organisational entity; and the
university as a whole.
In addition, PDA's are systematic and idiosyncratic biased in selection (Walters, 2012).

Rosalie Elementary School Library Case Study
The mission of Rosalie Elementary School is to prepare all students to be life–long learners through
academics and technology. We are committed to creating a productive and safe environment to meet
the instructional and basic needs of our students.
Our mission at the Rosalie Elementary School Library is to provide resources and information to
fulfill the educational needs and interests of students in order to provide them with the tools to
become lifelong learners and effective users and creators of technology and ideas.
The mission at Rosalie Elementary School Library is to provide resources and information to fulfill
the educational needs and interests of students in order to provide them with the tools to become
lifelong learners and effective users and creators of technology and ideas. This mission statement
aligns with and supports the campus mission of preparing students to be lifelong learners through
academics and technology. As the Rosalie Elementary School Library provides ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fostering a love a reading in students and families is crucial for the academic success of students. In
an effort to provide resources and information to fulfill the educational needs and interests of
students, it is imperative that the school library try to provide access for students and parents alike
during non–school hours. According to the Standards and Guidelines for Library Programs in Texas,
part of having an exemplary program under Standard V: Learner–Centered Connections to the
Community, Principle 1: the librarian offers families opportunities for participation in the library
and educational community (Texas State Library and Archives, 2005, 25). Through this standard,
the librarian promotes library programs and offers students, faculty and staff, and families
opportunities to participate in school activities and their children's

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Library In Malaysia
There are different definitions around digital library characterized by insightful and expert interests
in digital libraries. A few meanings of digital library are accessible in the writing while such
definitions supplement each other and there are some counter contentions as well. Digital library
comprises of an arranged gathering of mixed media data commonly accessible in one area. It
additionally comprises of capacity and correspondence, types of gear with the substance and
programming expected to imitate, copy and amplify the administrations gave by customary libraries
taking into account paper and other material method for gathering, inventing, finding and scattering
data. Late innovation additionally has empowered new assumption about digital libraries. The
digital library (DL) without bounds will be regularly extending frameworks for example the ...
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The main problem are the lack of Information Technology (IT) staff, the lact of spending plan, lack
of digital library initiatives (DLIs) and ICT preparing, reestablishment of online memberships, lack
of and under use of digital assets, and lack of appropriate incorporated library system. Another
related problems is lack of staff, lack of blueprint and National Information Infrastructure (NII)
arrangement, digital undertaking was excessively costly which could be expected, making it
impossible to budget and cost oblige, lack of good example and issues identified with Copyright Act
clearance. It is hard to advance if not supported by sufficient facilities, budget, preparing,
administration support and skilled staff. It was found that exclusive 54% of the libraries have
introduced a coordinated library systems, which means 46% were still without library systems. It is
difficult to envision that in the digital time, where the Internet has changed the way we live, there
were still libraries without library

Taking a Look at Institutional Repositories
Academic institutions such as the University and College tend to produce academic journal articles
and other scholarly works which in the early days published and kept in the library or disseminate to
other organization. As the production of this material keeps increasing the needs to have a large
storage to keep all the materials became a problem for the institution. This is because some of the
institution did not have a very large storage to cater the needs to keep the materials as the institution
not only keep materials publish from the institution only but also from another institution. As the
technologies revolve, more initiative has been taken to ensure that the scholarly works of an
institution can be disseminated to various part of the world in order to share the knowledge. During
the early days the information is published using printed method and the time taken to disseminate it
is far too long and the cost is also very high. Other than that, it is very hard to preserve printed
materials in a big number. As the institution is now using digital format in publishing their scholarly
works, the process of disseminating the knowledge become easier and faster. Now days the
digitization activity for materials seems to be increasing as people are now more concern about the
preservation of printed materials which lead to the needs of a repository to keep and manage those
materials.
Today's institutions are mostly now having their own institutional repository. What is an

Information Behaviour of Middle School Students Essays
The 21st century school library is the hub of student learning with librarians helping with research,
encouraging students to read for enjoyment and developing their information literacy skills. All
these aspects are important for the current generation of students who have been "raised with easy
familiarity with video games, email, instant messaging...Web 2.0 social networking habits, they
have developed patterns of engagement that are different from those of earlier generations."
(Godwin, 2008, p. 52). School librarians must create information literacy programs to include Web
2.0 tools to effectively engage this generation. (Carroll, 2011, p. 27). The Millennium Generation or
Digital Natives are the first generation to have grown up with ... Show more content on
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They like to multi–task by using various applications, they enjoy group activities and the social
aspect of learning by collaborating with eachother (Roehl et al., 2013, pp. 44–45). School librarians
must take into consideration the fact that technology is a natural part of everyday life of the middle
schooler. As "digital natives", middle schoolers have quite a distinctive learning style for school
librarians to take into consideration when preparing an information literacy lesson. Middle schoolers
are active, innovative, visual and global learners. Middle schoolers are active learners due to the fact
that they learn by completing activities, participating in groups, plus they dislike sitting still (Roehl
et al., 2013, p. 45). They are innovative as they enjoy creating their own original projects and they
are bored with repetition. (Carroll, 2011, p. 28). They are visual learners as they prefer real life
demonstrations, as well as, looking at images, photos and videos to reading texts (Ercegovac, 2012,
p. 98). They like to gather information quickly and instantly, meanwhile dismissing details or
complicated searching techniques like Boolean logic. They are not concerned with finding
information from authoritative, reliable websites, as they are more concerned that the website
contains

Advantage And Disadvantage Of E-Books
Subject
A standard report to provide more books and reading materials rather than invest in new technology.
1.0 Introduction
As a librarian of the Open University Malaysia, I had read an excerpt from an online education
article recently about how new technology had transformed the way we live, especially from the
education aspect. The investment of new technology such as e–books and e–journals had made
library more easily accessible. The shift from traditional library to e–library do transform its
usability, yet the benefits still debatable.
Current study had revealed that the majority of university libraries spend less than six percent of
their acquisition funds on e–books. This clearly stated that there are factors hinder the acceptance of
e–books or any online reading materials. One of the factors that make libraries reluctant to divert
resources to this new platform is that it required a huge investment funds.
This funds is needed to provide gadgets such as free computers access to Internet. Internet has to be
upgraded so that students are able to access to e–books or e–journals. E–book selection, acquisition,
and management can be complex and expensive too. To shift from a manual system to a
technologically–driven system, librarians have to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Young, 1997; Burdman, 1998, the most noticeable disadvantages of online reading is
the complete absence of vital personal interactions, whether between learners and instructors, or
among colleague learners. E–books and e–journals may also misled to piracy and plagiarism due to
the ease of copy and paste. Distraction are anywhere when we access to internet, such as
advertisement from the website or notifications from the gadgets. This in turn make the work and
study less efficient. Not to say long term use of electronic gadgets has predisposed to many health
hazards, if overused, can make students feel disconnected, stressed, and

International Children 's Digital Library Essay
International Children 's Digital Library/Biblioteca Digital Internacional para Niños
The name of this website is International Children 's Digital Library a Library for the World 's
Children.
The languages that this site can be translated to is English, Spanish, French, Mongolian and Russia.
This website is designed to allow students to work with a parent or a teacher at home or at school.
The site is also designed for children or adults who have left their home country and still want to
read in their native language, this can be very difficult if not almost impossible but this site is
designed to help with those problems.
Though this site can be translated in to five different languages it has twenty different languages of
literature to choose from. This site also has a section for research papers as well as presentations,
this allows students access to both worldwide. The site also allows for quick access to newly added
books as well as to award–winning books.
One of my favorite features would be how simple it is to change the site to at least five different
languages, and when creating an account you also have the ability to choose from 20 languages. My
next favorite feature of the website is how you can get the app on your iPhone or iPad using the
StoryKit app in addition to using your computer.
I think this is an excellent website, I love the fact that it allows people access to books in their native
language. I also feel that it opens a door to students

Annotated Bibliography On Digital Libraries
I. INTRODUCTION The rapid increase in the volume of digital libraries due to cell phones, web
cameras and digital cameras etc, needs and expert system to have the effective retrieval of similar
images for the given query image [1]. CBIR system is one of such experts systems that highly rely
on appropriate extraction of features and similarity measures used for retrieval [10]. The area has
gained wide range of attention from researchers to investigate various adopted methodologies, their
drawbacks, research scope, etc [2–5, 14–18]. This domain became complex because of the
diversification of the image contents and also made interesting. [10]. The recent development
ensures the popularity of CBIR, since it has been applied in many real world applications such as
life sciences, environmental and health care, digital libraries and social media such as facebook,
youtube, etc. CBIR understands and analyzes the visual content of the images [20]. It represents an
image using the renowned visual information such as color, texture, shape, etc [11, 12]. These are
often referred as basic features of the image, which undergoes lot of variations according to the need
and specifications of the image [7–9]. Since the image acquisition varies with respect to
illumination, angle of acquisition, depth, etc, it is a challenging task to define a best limited set of
features to describe the entire image library. Similarity measure is another processing stage that
defines the performance of

Perpetuation And Maintenance Of Reading
PERPETUATION AND MAINTENANCE OF READING THINKS AND OTHER ARTICLES IN
LIBRARY: AN OVERVIEW
Abstract: In this digital library environment, the traditional library system and services are being
replaced by new techniques such as library automation, collection development of e–resources and
networking of libraries. There has been tremendous change in the information world. Everyone has
to adopt these changes such as printed to digital form. A perpetuation is a set of procedures,
activities and preserves all the documents long term, preserving their content. This paper provides
an overview of the major perpetuation activities, definition, concept, process and types of media for
perpetuation. This paper also presents the perpetuation standards of library materials.
Keywords: Perpetuation, Maintenance, Digital format, perpetuation standards.
Introduction:
The library houses the document by considering the long–term perpetuation of the items while still
allowing the end user to access the material easily. But all library collections experience damage
from use and decay from aging. So there is a need of perpetuation and maintenance of library
materials. Libraries have always been places where information resources were collected, organized
and perpetuated for the use of future generations. However, application of computers has drastically
changed the work culture of libraries. Now in the changing environment, the volume of information
rapidly increasing and users'

Importance Of Library Services In The 21st Century
Accessing library services in the 21st Century?
In the 21st century, collections and services will need to meet customer's needs in a much more
personalized and customized way. Collections will need to become more diverse, in terms of format,
language, and access. Librarians will need to have knowledge of new formats for library materials,
and plan to use their funds in purchasing materials that will meet and promote various skills.
Customers will want library materials that use their critical thinking and problem solving skills,
promote creativity and innovation, allow for communication and collaboration, and teach
information, media and technology skills. Library materials, that are accessible 24/7, in a range of
cutting edge formats, that promote and support learning and using new skill sets, will be the norm.
Library services, like library materials, will need to be accessible 24/7 in a 21st Century library.
Librarians will need to think about services as customer–centered and focused. Reference services
in the 21st century will not be based on the librarian's knowledge and access to information, but the
customer's starting point. 21st century customers are coming to librarians, not for answers to
questions, but for new access points, or new skill sets. Children's and Teen services will need to
incorporate skills for the 21st Century, including critical thinking, innovation, collaboration,
information and technological literacy. The expectation will be that library

Disadvantages Of School Libraries
Libraries are the first place for all the individuals who are as students, working professionals
depending upon their roles. When considering the types of libraries there are of four types which got
segregated based on their functionality. According to the Mcgrath (2015) these school librarie are
the first place where every individual will see the library for the first time in their life for their
education. As this is the first place for the students for the new innovation and build their career by
getting the test scores, These school libraries programs which are conducted by the school leader
have shown the tremendous results in the form scores which got iproved of the students.Becuase of
this libraries the school leader ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It specifically explains how the public libraries helps in the form of learning lifelong. Especially
when coming to the women empowerment, there activities have been re examined, which was done
under the process of critical theory. The results which we got from the activities which were
performed are public libraries are the mechanisms for the women empowerment which also results
in the indepedent learners.In turn this also shows how that independent learning becme the value of
the funtion of the public libraries for the function of the "Life Long Learning". In parallel to the
above studies of the different types of the libraries, Law libraries are the type which is one of the
segragation under the type of the special libraries. This law libraries are the ones which acts as an
educational model under the above category because of the study conducted by the programs which
are in the law are analysed by the current model of education under light. This is done by the
process of comparison of the old librarian firms educational models. There is alck so amny
education requirements in this sector in 19th century for the professionals to succed in this law
sector, because of that the new educational model was built and that became popular for the law
students which

Archive And Archivist: What Is An Archive?
Archive and Archivist
What is an archive?
An archive is a large and varied collection of historical documents, records or objects. . It is an
extensive record or collection of data. An archive contains objects or documents of a particular type
or interest. For example a historical archivist keeps documents of historical value. Any one who is a
graduate can become an archivist.
Types of archives:
Society of American Archivists (SAA) describes the following types of archives–
1. College and University archives: these archives contain materials related to that particular
university or institution. Generally it keeps the historical record or publishes of the institution. The
archives first aimed to serve the people of its own and alumni and then ... Show more content on
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Interest depends on the individual choices. Books and papers archive can be done by individual,
organizational, institutional and governmental. Interest in archiving is a good to a habit. If one is
willing full to maintain and study things on historical grounds then it is a perfect platform for him.
From the above discussion it can be concluded that one should make an effort towards the charitable
work. And it is a good habit to maintain and value the literature and knowledge. The archives vary
from big collection to small gatherings. Anyone can take part in the archiving

Resurrectionist Case Study Summary
Case Study: The Resurrectionists Collection at the New York Academy of Medicine
http://www.nyam.org/library/pages/historical_collections_resurrectionists "Most current digital
repositories ... do not have specific mandates for long term preservation, nor do they have the
necessary long–term budgets. Instead, they are mandated to support access and re–use in the near–
term future. Long term preservation may be one of their aims, or at least hopes and wishes, but it is
not (yet) a responsibility" (Digital Curation Centre and DigitalPreservationEurope, 2007, p. 2). The
New York Academy of Medicine created digital surrogates for several items in their collection,
hosted online by CONTENTdm. They now can be considered a digital repository. As they are a
relatively small organization, and somewhat new to managing digital collections, much of their
current focus for their digital collection is to support "access and re–use in the near–term future."
They have not yet been able to consider their plans for the long–term preservation of their digital
collection. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The archivist did not know what kind or brand of external drive the files were stored on, nor did she
know the size of the drive, or the size of the digital collections. She informed me that the drive was
located in another building and it would be difficult for her to find out these details. There are no
backup files for any of these digital surrogates. The archivist noted that the NYAM was looking to
purchase a server for their digital collections because there were more digital images from the
conservation lab that were on an additional external drive, and she would like to have them all on
one place. She did not say that she wanted a server because she was worried about the stability of
the digital collections on the external hard

Metadata Quality : Importance, Standards, Assessment, And...
Metadata Quality: Importance, Standards, Assessment, and Challenges
Metadata is a vital aspect of information organization today. Without quality metadata, the worth of
collections is diminished and the ability for records to be used is non–existent (Park & Tosaka,
2010). Thus, metadata is the cornerstone of library systems, and it is imperative for academic
research. Further, if standards for metadata are not established, there is no agreed upon quality,
making interoperability of records impossible (Park, 2009). Despite the obvious importance of
quality metadata, little work has been done to develop a standard or best practice guideline. The
National Information Standards Organization (NISO) has established six principles that make up ...
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Thus, metadata quality cannot be assessed by a full MARC record. Instead, catalogers must use
other assessment methods. For instance, Bruce and Hillman assess quality metadata through a seven
layer framework: completeness, accuracy, provenance, conformance to expectations, logical
consistency and coherence, timeliness, and accessibility (David & Thomas, 2015). A different
proposal from Stvilia and Gasser (2008) propose a system of assessment that analyzes metadata
records both empirically and analytically. This allows records to have sound metadata quality, but
does not require a quality above what is functional for a record. Zschocke and Beniest (2011)
advocate a quality assurance method that utilizes peer–review and automation to check metadata
while it is being created. One of the leading tools used to evaluate metadata currently is its
usefulness to end–users. If end–users are supplied with numerous application of records, then the
quality of the metadata is higher than a record whose applications for an end–user are minute (Park
& Tosaka, 2010). The study of Park and Tosaka (2010) reveals that the most commonly used
assessment of metadata is the application of accuracy and consistency. If a record is accurate and
consistent, it is valued over a complete record because accuracy and consistency can be checked and
assessed on all record types, unlike other forms of assessment. Intrigued by Tosaka and Park, three
researchers

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Electronic Library
1.0 Introduction
Digital library or electronic library is the library that focused collection of digital objects that can
include text, visual material, audio material, video material, stored as electronic media formats
which are not to print, micro form, or other media in the term of organizing, storing, and retrieving
the files and media contained in the library collection. For additional information, the digital
libraries can vary immensely in size and scope. It also can be maintained by individuals,
organizations, or affiliated with established physical library buildings or institutions, or with
academic institutions and the electronic content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via
computer networks. An electronic library is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, this problem need us to do something to reduce amount of information to be processed by users
is to give them summaries of search and retrieval results instead of the original large–size results.
This automatic summarization service is particularly useful in a text content search that returns a
large number of text documents that could not be digested within a short time. By considering the
documents into short abstract and key sentences, the user can quickly determine the relevance of
each document and decide whether to investigate into the document details. Automatic
summarization is usually done one document at a

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