Offshore Drilling in the Gulf of Mexico Debate

Essay about Drilling for Oil in The Gulf of Mexico
America has been dependant on oil since the 1800's and the invention of modern machinery. From
skin care products to the gasoline in our cars and engines, petroleum is the basis of almost
everything we use for everyday life. Without oil the nation could not meet the energy demands we
need to survive. Continued exploration has been the topic of heated debate among supporters and
opponents, especially when it comes to offshore drilling. My goal here is to show the differing view
points of drilling for oil in the Gulf of Mexico and present a better understanding from a national
perspective. Drilling for our own offshore oil reserves can save the United States billions of dollars.
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
For Decades offshore drilling in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the past, he has introduced legislation to increase oil–and–gas drilling in the Gulf of Mexico and
other offshore regions. The Republican Party has initiated numerous hearings to grant leases for
drilling. In March 2011 Hastings said, "Let me state very clearly that these hearings will lead to
action by this committee," Hastings said. "As chairman, I intend to introduce legislation to put the
Gulf of Mexico back to work." There are five compelling reasons why the United States should drill
our own oil, as found by a 2008 study group: jobs, revenue, economic growth, public demand, and
energy independence. Allowing drilling off the coasts of the U.S. would also create over 100,000
new jobs. Over $1 trillion in royalties for federal and state governments could be collected. By using
our own reserves we will spend far less on imported oil and move closer to our energy
independence. According to a study done by the American Petroleum Institute, if offshore areas
were opened to new exploration and drilling, the national production is estimated to increase by
36% in 20 years. Federal royalties are estimated to be approximately $4 trillion over the project life
cycle; A hefty weight off future tax payers if applied to the federal deficit.
CONTRASTING OPPOSITION
The Obama administration had backed a major plan setup by Republicans
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The Influence Of Interest Groups
An interest group is an organized group of individuals that make policy related appeals to
government. Interest groups exert pressure on the Congress and bureaucrats at the same time
influencing the bills that later becomes laws. They support the Congress and bureaucrats financially
contribution and with information since they have the resources to do so. Interest groups often have
lawyers that can write their proposal that can become law. Campaign for working families How are
they supported? Donations and elite member contribution's What is their agenda? Social issues – A
non–partisan political action committee dedicated to electing pro–family, pro–life, pro–free
enterprise candidates to state and federal offices. They are concerned

The Country 's Energy Infrastructure
In sum, for the United States to continue to compete with other major international economies, the
country must further prioritize the cultivation of low carbon energy from the nuclear and renewable
industries. Still yet, expanding the country's nuclear and renewable energy infrastructure
necessitates successfully addressing the prohibitive costs of initial development in both industries.
At various points, the federal government has taken steps to do just that through the implementation
of tax incentives and/or loan guarantees. However, the nation's leaders have failed to institute a
comprehensive and stable fiscal policy that the nuclear and renewable industries can depend on to
make manageable the cost of developing both energies into the future. If the country's energy
infrastructure is to be adequately modernized to keep pace with international economic trends, that
must change.
D. Infrastructure Maintenance and Enhancement
TS&D serves as the foundation for the energy sector that allows government, businesses, and the
public to access the production of the sector.
i. Petroleum
Petroleum relies heavily on transportation infrastructure at nearly every level between extraction at
an oil field to end–user delivery. Increased production has pushed these supporting infrastructures
beyond their typical levels of usage, increasing the likelihood of congestion and failures. Moreover,
the petroleum infrastructure often concentrates at several hubs (e.g. near ports),

Tesoro Essay
Introduction
A serious workplace injury or death can change lives forever, for families, friends, and the
community. On the night of April 2, 2010 a deadly explosion at the Tesoro Refinery in Anacortes,
Washington reminded the CSB of the critical and hazardous working conditions in the chemical
industry and of the disastrous effects it has. The tragedy was the worst industrial accident to date
since the Department of Labor and Industries began enforcing the Washington State Industrial
Safety and Health Act, enacted in 1973. (McClary, 2011) Due to a poor safety culture and lack of
awareness, the Anacortes Tesoro Refinery jeopardized the lives of its workers and community. As
one of the worst incidents to ever occur for Tesoro Corporations, it left a scarring reminder that
business isn't everything.
Tesoro Background Tesoro Petroleum Corporation is an independent energy company principally
involved in refining, distributing, and marketing petroleum products. Tesoro was founded by Robert
V. West, Jr., in 1964 which was a result of combining the once Texstar Petroleum Company and the
newly found oil and gas company, Tesoro. Given time, more well–known petroleum companies
would soon join Tesoro in the advancement of fuel transportation needs of the western United
States. (Press, 2002) With this transformation Tesoro is now a leading independent refiner and
marketer of petroleum products. Tesoro safely, efficiently and reliably operates an integrated
network of strategic

Feasibility Study Of The Australian Oil & Gas Industry
I am a highly accomplished and motivated Petroleum Engineering Graduate with hands–on
experience and a keen desire to pursue a long–term career in the Australian oil & gas industry. In
conjunction with my tertiary studies, I have acquired over 9 years' experience working in various
fast–paced and deadline–driven environments, including a valuable internship as a Reservoir
Engineer with leading Thailand oil & gas exploration and production company, PTTEP. This
beneficial experience enabled me to utilise my advanced technical and time management skills to
successfully complete an integral feasibility study within the designated timeframe, and in the
process enhanced my critical thinking and problem solving abilities. A capable and ... Show more
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Following on I was involved in generating a waterflood plan and production profile for each
specific prospect, determining water flood plan from the number of injectors based on mobility ratio
assumption, sweep efficiency; defining injection pattern & location of injectors from geological
structure, reservoir structure, well correlation, oil & water contact, well location & structure of
surrounding area; determining drill injector or converted a producer to an injector by reviewing well
potential, production data; reservoir permeability, thickness (kh), distance of injector to producer,
geological structure and pressure data; and defining injection requirements from void replacement
ratio (VRR) calculation based on reservoir data and material balance equation. During the project, I
applied and enhanced technical skills and time management skills to perform on the company
project and completed the project within the designated timeframe by using an organised approach
and prioritising tasks accurately. Company Name St George Motor Boat Club Title Chef De Partie
Location New South Wales, Australia Time Period Dec 2016 – Current (On LinkedIn this job will
automatically be placed at the top due to the end date being Current) Company Name Coco Cubano
Title Qualified Chef Location New South Wales, Australia Time Period Aug 2016 – Dec 2016
Company Name West Illawarra Leagues Club Title Chef De Partie Location New South

Stabilisation in Investment Contracts and Changes of Rules...
Association of International Petroleum Negotiators (AIPN) Stabilisation in Investment Contracts
and Changes of Rules in Host Countries: Tools for Oil & Gas Investors Peter D Cameron ACIArb
PhD (University of Edinburgh), LLB (Joint Honours) (University of Edinburgh) Professor of
International Energy Law and Policy CEPMLP, University of Dundee, UK
p.d.cameron@dundee.ac.uk FINAL REPORT 5 July 2006 © Copyright Peter D Cameron
PDCameron/AIPN/Final Report. 5 July 2006 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
.......................................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY & GUIDE TO THE READER ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
..............................................................................48 3.5 SUMMARY
....................................................................................................................................51 CHAPTER 4:
ENFORCEMENT OF STABILISATION PROVISIONS .......................................53 4.1 THE OLD
AND THE NEW................................................................................................................53 4.2 THE
CLASSICAL AWARDS .............................................................................................................54 4.3
STATING THE OBVIOUS: DUE
DILIGENCE......................................................................................56 4.4 INDIRECT
EXPROPRIATION ............................................................................................................58 4.4.1
Metalclad

Application for Chemical Engineering at Princetone University
My life is all about problem solving: managing to live a difficult life in America after turning
thirteen, finding "out of the box" to achieve my goals in debate, art, and HOSA, helping other
teenagers with problems they struggle with... Designing a seemingly impossible pathway for me and
others to succeed is my way of life, and a chemical engineer takes that to the next level.
Everything around us –– from a bar of soup to a bucket of paint –– involves chemical engineering.
The profession is not only about my favorite subjects, chemistry and math, but also about creating
ideas, innovation, and new technology. This is what chemical engineers do, solving problems not
just for one person, but for everyone. And being part of that amazing ... Show more content on
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I have also competed at many local academic competitions in chemistry, math and biology, placing
1st at the Chadron Scholastic Chemistry Contest, 1st (twice) at the 2011 and 2012 West River
Mathematics Contest, and 3rd at the West River Biology Contest.
Nevertheless, my current living situation offers me limited opportunities to explore the world of
chemical engineering. Attending XXX University would mean the world to me –– giving me a
chance to pursue my dreams with renowned professors such as XXX in an advanced laboratory and
with people who share the same interests. At Princeton University, I can further explore the world of
chemical engineering through Freshmen seminars, once again working with my peers. I am
especially interested in the fall seminar Materials World at Mathey College, learning the technical
processing and applications of materials around us. In addition, the spring seminar Emerging Micro
and Nano–Engineered Technologies at Rockefeller College can also give me the opportunity to
deepen my understanding of engineering.
On top of everything, Princeton offers me amazing research opportunities I cannot find anywhere
else. I intend to arrange summer employment at Princeton doing research with faculty members. I
also value

Benefits Of Using A Canola Based Oil
Appealing to Non–Customers
There are groups of noncustomers that ExxonMobil does not currently target or explore known as
the unexplored (Kim & Mauborgne, 2005). These are people who use plant–based, animal–based or
alternatives such as coconut or canola oil in place of petroleum motor oil. According to Moellenberg
(n.d.), "the benefits of using a canola–based oil in place of petroleum motor oil doesn't stop with
reduced automobile emissions. Processing canola into oil produces no waste" (para. 3). Canola oil is
roughly the same weight as 10W–30 oil and is priced at $1.50 per quart, which is slightly higher
than petroleum–based motor oils. However, customers will not have to pay for the disposal of this
oil or be concerned with its ecological impact as with petroleum. (Moellenberg, n.d.) ExxonMobil
could use this form of motor oil that is manufactured from canola. Since canola is produced from a
seed, it is easier to dispose of than petroleum as well as meets the United States Environmental
Protection Agency standards for disposing solid wastes (Moellenberg, n.d.). Furthermore,
embarking into this product line extension push the company into the environmental conservation
era with a renewable resource. The used canola oil from automobiles can also be recycled into
greases and chain oils (Moellenberg, n.d.). However, before ExxonMobil can jump to the production
of canola oil, they have some obstacles to overcome. Currently, the American Petroleum Institute
(API)

Standardsresearch Essay
Running head: STANDARDS RESEARCH
Standards research
Dr. Biswajit Panja
CIS 505
January 15, 2012
Objectives
Select (1) of the working groups in the IETF or IEEE and brief summarize what this group is
working on.
Justify the need of the IEEE 802 standard used in networking.
Evaluate the (3) standard organizations including IEEE, ISO, and ANSI to determine the most
important for communication technology.
Take a position on the need for a federal regulating body of standards such as NIST. Include
supporting evidence to justify your opinion.
Working group 802.22
In short, Working Groups work to create and write the standard. Working Groups are open to
anyone to participate in. For individual standards projects, IEEE or IEEE–SA ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
(IEEE 802.22, 2012)
Need for the IEEE 802 standard
While connecting computers through networks, we need to have set of rules or standards for the
data to travel from one computer to other computers. A very good example of this would be the
rules of the road when driving a car. It is understood why we need traffic rules while driving; in
same sense for data packets to travel from one computer terminal to other terminals, they should
also follow set of rules and regulations. The standards of IEEE 802 help the industry provide
advantages such as, interoperability, low product cost, and easy to manage standards. (EEHerald,
2012)
Standard organizations
As the voice of the U.S. standards and conformity assessment system, the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) empowers its members and constituents to strengthen the U.S.
marketplace position in the global economy while helping to assure the safety and health of
consumers and the protection of the environment. The Institute oversees the creation and use of

thousands of guidelines that directly impact businesses in nearly every sector: from acoustical
devices to construction equipment, from dairy and livestock production to energy distribution, and
many more. ANSI is also actively engaged in accrediting programs that assess conformance to
standards – including globally–recognized cross–sector programs

Mattel and Toy Safety
In 2007, the international toy manufacturer, Mattel, Inc. issued several recalls for millions of their
products. These recalls were for safety reasons in that testing at the manufacturing sites and special
test laboratories showed that millions of their toys were coated with dangerous amounts of lead in
the paint. This lead based paint contains a potent neurotoxin that if ingested can cause serious harm
to children. Mattel assured the public that the problem would be solved, the recalled products would
be collected and replaced, and that the company would never let this type of incident happen again.
In the contents of this case there are several management and safety issues and areas for
improvement. One issue is Mattel, Inc.'s ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To achieve this about 65 percent of its toy manufacturing was moved to Asia where its products
could be produced cheaper. In doing so Mattel now has to work within the culture of its
manufacturing facilities to ensure healthy and safe operations to its employees. This means that
wage, possible child labor, and other ethical issues could arise, thus as stated before the Global
Manufacturing Principles were created and implemented. Since Mattel's products are now being
imported into the U.S., several government agencies and laws have to be taken into consideration,
of which pertain to both countries' government, Chain and the U.S. Some of these agencies in the
U.S. are the Consumer Product Safety Commission, whose job is to make sure any and all products
that are entering the U.S. are safe for people. The acting commissioner of the Consumer Product
Safety Commission was negotiating for broader testing and urged consumers to not overreact to the
recalls. As for the safety aspect there is several differences between the two for lead. In China the
government standard for lead products in the household, are to only contain 90 parts of lead per
million in any product. In the U.S. the standard is allowed to be as high as 600 parts per million. The
major difference is that the U.S. has banned the use of lead completely for toy products. As such in
the U.S. the standards are held to high

Economic Interest Group Analysis
For this assignment, I chose to discuss Economic interest groups. "Interest groups represent people
or organizations with common concerns and interests." (Boundless, 2016). Being the largest
category of all interest groups, it includes organizations that represent big business such as the
American Petroleum Institute. Routed mainly around ideas to benefit the members and keep the
economy running, large corporations and unions also have offices in the group. Within the economic
interest group includes categories such as business, labor, professional, and agricultural interests.
Since money has a great influence in capitalist societies, economic interest groups are very powerful
and contain many members. Usually, they are very well funded because ... Show more content on
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Other groups such as the U.S Chamber of Commerce work on behalf of a wider range of business in
general, helping the entire economy and not just once section of it. Since they are very well funded,
business groups are amongst the most influential because they have the money to go above and
beyond. Promoting interests of private companies and corporations by seeking tax changes,
administrative changes, and other business gains are just some of the many benefits this group 3
strives for. Every business and business industry is different, and because of that, sometimes groups
do not always agree with one another. When this occurs, advocates for the industries will usually
work against one another in achieving each of their goals. Labor groups represent specific unions in
aiding the attempt of increased wages and improving the conditions in which workers strive in.
Unions exist all around the country big and small. Individual workers from a small union might
have minimum say or power alone but when they team together they can wield compelling results.
Labor unions have declined in the recent times but workers that brand together often seek the results
desired. "The American

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay
CHAPTER TWO
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK This section of the research examines some conceptual underpinnings that are
relevant and which provide the foundation and background to the study.
2.1.1 THE CONCEPT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The concept of corporate
social responsibility according to Steiner and Steiner (2000) in Nwaeke (2005) is the duty of a
corporation to create wealth by using means that would avoid harm to protect or enhance societal
assets. It is a corporation initiative to assess and take responsibility for the company's effects on
environmental and social wellbeing (www.investopedia.com). It applies to efforts that go beyond
what may be required by regulations or environmental protection groups. The guidance standard on
social responsibility, 1S0 26000 published in 2010 says;
"Social responsibility is the responsibility of an organization for the impacts of its decisions and
activities on society and the environment, through transparent and ethical behavior that:
– Contributes to sustainable development including the health and the welfare of society.
– Takes into account the expectations of stakeholders.
– That is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behavior, and
– That is integrated throughout the organization and practiced in its relationships"
The concept involves incurring short term cost that do not provide an immediate financial benefit to
the

The American Dream To Me Analysis
We are a nation of imaginative thinking. A concept I realized living through the past presidential
election. It's not a bad quality in a nation to have hope, in fact Bell Hooks once said "Hope is
essential to any political struggle for radical change when the overall social climate promotes
disillusionment and despair.". But, for a country to be so do delusionally focused on a distant
American Dream can cause poor judgment. The American Dream is no longer alive because we are
told unless we live a certain lifestyle we are not entitled to go towards the progression of this dream,
we are conditioned to stay at this low level in life and be content, and the term equal opportunity has
taken a different definition. The American Dream to me is the ... Show more content on
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A big factor to why the American dream is no longer realistic is because we are not the same
America. Because we, along with our ideals and way of living, have evolved from what America
once was we can not expect everyone to follow these same concepts. Cal Thomas writes "The rules
for achieving the American dream may no longer be taught in and supported by the culture, but that
doesn't mean the don't work" (Thomas, p570). He goes on to list rules that everyone should abide by
to achieve the American dream. This is implying that everyone's American dream is the same, if that
was the case I'm sure these rules will work perfectly. If we as a country believe that the there is only
one path towards achieving a dream this is where the imaginative thinking comes into play. You
have to ask yourself, who is being targeted as able to achieve this dream? We can go further and
relate this back to my introduction as well. President Trump did an interview at a NBC sponsored
town hall meeting and stated, "It has not been easy for me, it has not been easy for me. And you
know I started off in Brooklyn, my father gave me a small loan of a million dollars."(4) Are we
being realistic when it comes to what we are today or are we clouded by an illusion of what should
believe we should

The Oil And Natural Gas Industries
Around the globe, the oil and natural gas industries are a major part of stable and growing
economies, as well as, the individual lives of most people. As individuals we use it to run our
vehicles, heat our homes, cook, and much more. Economies, on the other hand, rely on the oil and
natural gas industries for the jobs they create, the product they supply, and the added value created
by government revenues. In 2011, these industries in the United States made up 5.6 percent of the
nation's total employment, providing $394 billion in labor income (6–15, American Petroleum
Institute). They also contributed an estimated $410.3 billion to the nation's economy through wages,
capital spending, and dividends totaling 7.1 percent of the United States' gross domestic product
(GDP) (25–26, American Petroleum Institute). Those percentages may not seem like much alone,
but when you consider that one industry, out of hundreds in the United States, makes up those
numbers, they seem a lot larger. During the 1990's, oil and natural gas production had hit a snag
spreading worry that the U.S. would become reliant on foreign imports (Inman). One of the world's
leading countries in the industry were beginning to fear the end of a resource that they relied so
heavily on.
As traditional oil and gas endeavors began depleting their resources the oil and natural gas
industries were forced to find a new source of extraction if they were to continue producing fossil
fuels at the same rate. This new

Department Of Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure...
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has recognized 16 critical infrastructure sectors
whose assets, systems, and networks are considered vital to the United States and if these sectors
were incapacitated in any form, this would be detrimental to security, the economy, public and
safety. These sectors are identified as the following (Department of Homeland Security, n.d.):
1. Chemical Sector
2. Communication Sector
3. Dam Sector
4. Emergency Services Sector
5. Financial Services Sector
6. Government Facilities Sector
7. Information Technology Sector
8. Transportation Sector
9. Commercial Facilities Sector
10. Critical Manufacturing Sector
11. Defense Industrial Base Sector
12. Energy Sector
13. Food and Agriculture Sector
14. Healthcare ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Establishing evacuation points/routes and locations for personnel to seek shelter–in–place is vital to
diminish or eliminate the number of casualties at the scene. An emergency response plan is a key
element in the chemical sector and they are often required as a part of the Chemical Facility Anti–
Terrorism Standards (CFATS), the Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA), the
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Risk Management Program (RMP), the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and OSHA regulations (Department of Homeland
Security, 2010). Along with having a thought out emergency response plan, chemical sectors utilize
various methodologies to aid chemical sectors to better prepare and manage a chemical attack or
incident. Some of the widely used methodologies include (Department of Homeland Security,

Who Won A $ 65 Million Lottery
How many times in your life have you been asked what you would do if you won the lottery? Would
you say "I would start by being exploited by manipulative friends and family, then maybe go into an
alcoholic spiral, and then ultimately die and untimely and tragic death"? No, you would list the
things that you imagine you'd like to do: travel, buy homes in warm places and maybe go back to
school. However, let's not forget Mack Metcalf, who won a $65 million lottery, was bilked out of
millions by a former girlfriend while drunk, was recognized by a social worker and chased for child
support, grew exceedingly paranoid of those around him, spent most of his time drinking and died at
the age of 45, only three years after he had won the jackpot. Metcalf undoubtedly bought the lottery
ticket in hopes of happiness and more time to do what he wanted, so how did something like this
happen?
During the American Enterprise Institute's Panel with the Dalai Lama, the President of the AEI,
Arthur Brooks, argues that happiness requires more than material prosperity. Likewise, the Dalai
Lama tells the audience that a person is their own master and that effort is the key to happiness
rather than what Buddha can give. This thinking is surprisingly capitalist seeing that the Dalai Lama
considers himself to be a socialist bordering on Marxist. According to the Dalai Lama, money per se
is not evil, but the key is whether money is utilized in positive ways, in helping others. He reminds
the audience

The United States And Saudi Arabia
Conflict over energy resources–and the wealth and power they create–has become an increasingly
prominent feature for geopolitics particularly in the Middle East . The discovery of oil in the late
nineteenth century added a dimension to the region as major outside states powers employed
military force to protect their newly acquired interests in the Middle East. The U.S.'s efforts to
secure the flow of oil have led to ever increasing involvement in the Middle East region's political
affairs and ongoing power struggles. By the end of the twentieth century, safeguarding the flow of
oil from the Persian Gulf had become one of the most important functions of the U.S. military
establishment. The close relationship between the United States and the Saudi royal family was
formed in the final months of World War II, when U.S. leaders sought to ensure preferential access
to Saudi petroleum. The U.S. link with Saudi Arabia and other countries in the region has
demonstrated to be greatly beneficial to both parties, yet it has also led to ever deepening U.S.
involvement in regional politics.
Despite that the United States is currently the greatest producer of petroleum, supplying
approximately 14021 thousand barrels per day, they retain presence in the Middle East as part of
their national interest to maintain strategic power and influence in the energy–rich region while
strengthening trade and their alliances.
Initially, American movement in the Middle East were governed by

Sally Satel's Organ for Sale.
An Analysis of passion: Sally Satel's "Organs for Sale" Sally Satel is an American psychiatrist based
in Washington DC. She is a lecturer at the Yale University School of Medicine, the W.H. Brady
Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, and author. Books written by Satel include P.C. M.D.:
How Political Correctness is Corrupting Medicine and Drug Treatment: The Case for Coercion Her
articles have been published in The New Republic, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times,
and in scholarly publications like Policy Review on topics including psychiatry and addiction. Satel
also serves on the advisory committee of the Center for Mental Health Services of the Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. After being ... Show more content on
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"Altruism is the sole legitimate impulse behind organ donation" (.....), the onetime best U.S best
seller further argued that altruistic acts are important qualities of human relationships in a society.
Satel carefully cleared doubts of the notion that compensating donors will commodify the body and
dehumanize us, she believes that its better to legalize organ donation than allow people suffer and
die.
To further commend her argument, Satel analyzed the short term amd long term risks an organ
donor faces and to a reasonably fact, "The truth is that a normal person can get along perfectly well
with one kidney. The risk a donor runs is that his single functioning kidney will become deceased or
injured and he'll need a transplant himself–a highly unlikely event" (Satel 451). Satel's aim is to
provoke the emotional response of the readers and persuade them to believe his arguments by
carefully giving facts and reliable sources to back his arguments up. In the argument, several
rhetorical questions are addressed to the readers. "is it wrong for an individual.... Who wishes to
utilize part of his body for the benefit of another to be provided with financial compensation that
could obliterate a life of destitution for the individual and his family".( Richard 449). This question
appears to be a rhetorical question that demands the readers emotional response.
Satel's argument is a true life experience of herself. She uses herself as an example when

The Pros And Cons Of Welding
In 2014 employers in and around Odessa were just trying to catch their breath. Traffic was a
nightmare, and the influx of people was putting a strain on the infrastructure. When it came to
welding, many told me that they would welcome a slowdown to some degree, simply because it
would allow employers to be choosier. During the boom, it seemed anyone who could wield a
welding gun could land a job. Sure, many needed certain welding certifications–be it from the
American Welding Society (AWS), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the
American Petroleum Institute (API), or an employer–specific test. Insurers of oilfield operations
often demanded it. And welders would pass the test, but that still didn't mean they would stay drug–
free

Petrobras Essay
Historically, Petrobras has been a dominant player in the oil and energy sector of Brazil. When this
company was first born in the 1950s, most Brazilian lived in rural areas, and the economy relied
heavily on agriculture. However, with the modernization of society and due to shifts in the energy
sector, Brazil has undergone significant changes in the past seventy years. For the past few years,
Brazil has been enduring one of the worst economic and political crises of modern history. This
crisis has not only affected the country, but also the energy sector as a whole. With the collapse of
commodity prices in 2014 and a change in government, the energy sector in Brazil is moving away
from strong state–centered policies to an energy sector that is more open, diversified, competitive,
and more welcoming to private investment.
Given this transition in the energy sector, a study published by Wood Mackenzie, has labeled Brazil
has one of the most economically robust provinces in the world, with a predicted increase ... Show
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Recently, the government has passed a legislation which allows companies other than Petrobras to
operate blocks in the pre–salt. The government has also created new projects that would support
onshore exploration, as well as biofuels. Furthermore, for the first time ever, Brazil has announced
that is has approved the calendar for ten bid rounds. In these bid rounds, the government hopes to
attract foreign companies by offering attractive concession contracts and production sharing
contracts in unitizable and pre–salt areas. With these measures, Brazil is not only offering one of the
most attractive blocks for exploration in the world but it also granting companies with the largest
window of opportunity for investment in decades, said Decio Oddone, General Director for the
National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency

Effects on the American Dream, Both Positive and Negative...
Effects on the American Dream, Both Positive and Negative The editors of Forbes called on these
writers: James Q. Wilson, Katherine Newman, Robert Reich, Gertrude Himmelfarb, Natwar M.
Gandhi, and Charles Derber. To answer this following question: If things are so good, why do we
feel so bad? The American Dream has both positive and negative effects on the country, but in the
end people will ultimately create their own fates. There are many positive effects that the American
Dream has such immigrant origins, to the United States. Americans have a higher standard of living,
that's why immigrants come to the United States to have freedom, self–expression, and also to have
a better standard of living as well (Wilson 437). Wilson ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One negative effect on the American Dream is freedom; freedom reduced authority in the United
States, freedom also caused crime to spread way out of proportion. Wilson acknowledges that
freedom leads to a lack of order, having the power of freedom made people bring out their self–
expression which made them lose their self–control to stop the bad things they were doing. Wilson
states that "the expansion in personal freedom has been accompanied by a deep distrust" (Wilson
434). Wilson mentions an example of personal freedom which is: mentally ill people having
freedom meant that they could not be forced to go to a clinic if they didn't want to, which lead the
mentally ill to be homeless. Derber proclaims that Americans twisted the American Dream as in
using it to act selfish and commit heinous crimes. "The readings of history and anthropology... give
us no reason to believe that societies have built in self–preservative systems." – Margaret Mead
(Derber 411). The crimes of freedom caused "wilding" this is the word that describes the behavior
Americans were showing. Derber observes that "the fear of wilding became fear of the other: those
locked outside of the American Dream. They had not yet invaded the world most Americans felt part
of, but they menaced it" (Derber 412). Wilding infected corporations and the government also to
individuals of every race, class, and gender. Derbers examples

Welding Program Narrative Report
The McAllen ISD welding program is a district wide program serving all three comprehensive high
schools in the district. Students districtwide are bussed to our welding facility that is located at
McAllen High School. Our two year welding program consist of Welding I and Advanced Welding.
Welding I is a dual enrollment course though STC where students focus on fundamentals of shielded
metal arc welding (SMAW) using numerous electrode types, theory and practice of Acetylene
welding and cutting, plasma arc cutting and blueprint reading. Students are tested in accordance
with the American Welding Society D1.1 codes book as it pertains to the F –1 though F–4 fillet weld
certifications. Advanced Welding students presently focus on gas metal arc

Case Study Of Gharda Chemical
CHAPTER:1 GENERAL INFORMATION A: BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY Gharda
Chemicals Limited was established in 1967. it is a research–based company with four
manufacturing units. The company has won several national awards for technical innovation in the
chemical industry and has many firsts in the field of dyestuffs, pesticides, veterinary drugs and
polymers. Innovation through a vibrant R&D has marked the rise of Gharda Chemicals Limited
(GCL) from a small unit in 1964 to one of the most successful and reputed companies in the
Agrochemical Industry. A strong and vibrant R&D program and expertise in process development
has enabled the company to capitalize on superior technology. This has led to the production of vital
import–substitute products and cost effective agrochemicals ... Show more content on
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 Both Dombivli&Lote plants have received ISO 9001–2008, ISO 14001–2004 & OHSAS 18001–
2007 Certification.  Only Indian company to receive U.S. Registration (EPAApproval) for the sale
of Chlorpyrifos (Insecticide) and Dicamba (Herbicide) in the U.S.A.  Awarded the prestigious
"ChemexcilTrishul Award" for outstanding exports among large–scale chemical manufacturers for
1995 – 1996. VISION – MISSION STATEMENT OF GCL MISSION "WE STRIVE TO BE A
LEARNING ORGANISATION, WHICH IS GROWTH ORIENTED, KNOWLEDGE–BASED,
PROGRESSIVE, INNOVAIVE AND PROFITABLE IN THE FIELD OF CHEMICAL
PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY, SERVING THE NEEDS OF SOCIETY THROUGH HIGH
QUQLITY AND COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS, SERVICES AND PROGRESSES, WITH
CONCERNS FOR PEOPLE AND ENVIRONMENT BY A DISCIPLINED AND DEDICATSD
WORK–FORCE PRACTICING PARTICIPATIVE STYLE OF LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT, TO ACHIEVE PROGRESS, PROSPERITY AND HAPPINESS" VISION' "TO
DEVELOP, MANUFACTURE AND MARKET SPECIALITY PIGMENTS AND THEIR
COMPOUNDS IN A COST EFFECTIVE WAY TO THE FULL SATISFACTION OF OUR
CUSTOMERS WORLDWIDE." INVESTMENT IN MACHINERIES GCL HAS INVESTED 25
TO 30 CRORES FOR

Climate and Topography Analysis
Climate and Topography Analysis
Gerardo "Gerry" Camacho
University of Phoenix
BUS–475
November 2, 2009
Climate and topography are two very important factors that may influence industries profitability
and productivity. Is important for business leaders to recognize how climate and topography factors
impacts different industries. Recognizing climate and topography could be of assistance for
businesses venturing into the global business environment arena. Climate and topography are
factors of huge importance when determining location and strategic planning. One of the industries
most affected by climate and topography is the transportation industry. The transportation industry
is vital to any economy. The transportation industry ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The same consideration, on a smaller scale, the electronics industry enjoys. The electronics industry
is the combination of manufacturers of electronics products at different scales. Climatic
considerations are very important to the electronics industry. The incorrect climatic condition could
cause devastating effects for example "Tribocorrosion involves mechanical and
chemical/electrochemical interactions between surfaces in relative motion in the presence of a
corrosive environment. Tribocorrosion phenomena are encountered in many technological areas
where they cause damage to installations, machines, and devices. Often tribocorrosion damage is a
problem for safety or for human health. In other applications tribocorrosion phenomena are put to
good use in manufacturing. The chemo–mechanical mechanisms of tribocorrosion are still
incompletely understood, they involve the properties of contacting material surfaces, the mechanics
of the contact and the corrosion conditions (D Landolt, 2006)." The tribocorrosion example clearly
illustrates how climate could directly affect the electronics industry. Topographic considerations are
also directly linked to this industry. The incorrect topographic location chosen for a factory or
distribution center could cause millions in loses to the industry. The electronics industry depends on
strategic topographical locations for distribution, raw materials, and ease of

American Independent Party Essay
As a current member of the conservative party, I feel the American Independent Party represents a
solid platform on promoting justice and democracy in the United States. The American Independent
Party started in 1967, by founder, Bill Shearer and his wife Eileen Shearer with the intention of
acknowledging a country under the protection and guidance of God as the Creator of all. They
established a set of theories and beliefs that include, but are not limited to; God given rights, duties
to individuals, freedom from liberalism, the protection of life, the rights of families, individual
defense and common defense. In accordance with the American Independent Party, my life would
be greatly affected in ways of positive change and beneficial growth towards working together as a
nation and as public servants to our government. The past few years have made the size and role of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The respected political scientist James Q. Wilson summarized this political reality in a single
sentence: "Telling people who want clean air, a safe environment, fewer drug dealers, a decent
retirement, and protection against catastrophic medical bills that the government ought not to do
these things is wishful or suicidal politics." Along with Wilson, Arthur Brooks, president of the
American Enterprise Institute, recently noted that the "government social safety net for the truly
indigent is one of the greatest achievements of our society....We have to declare peace on the safety
net."–(National Summit Video) Providing such services and securing that safety net does not mean
accepting the technocratic mindset of the liberal welfare state. It means replacing that mindset with
a conservative approach that puts government on the side of civil society and private enterprise in
order to achieve a more just and thriving

The Environmental Hazards Of Oily Sludge
AUTONUMLGL INTRODUCTION
The nature of threats to the environment posed by oily wastewater containing hydrocarbons, has led
to it being recognized as hazardous waste. Literature has shown that hydrocarbons contribute to the
greenhouse effect and global warming, deplete the ozone, increase occurrences of cancer and
respiratory disorders, and reduce the photosynthetic ability of plants. In addition, such hazardous
waste is primarily generated at growing rates, by various industries which utilize petroleum products
as energy sources and raw materials. The effective remediation of oily sludge has become a
worldwide problem due to its hazardous nature and increasing production quantity around the
world. More specifically, in third world ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, the issue remains a pressing one that does not fade away especially in developing nations.
Today, emerging economies such as Nigeria have a growing realization of the importance of the
environmental friendly policies and systems. This research aims to examine...
In this research proposal, we begin with an introduction to put in context the changing demands on
the treatment of oily sludge residue a short description of the status quo of the treatment of oily
sludge residue followed by a discussion of the research problem. Then we discuss the approach used
to undertake the research, followed by a work plan and schedule. 2. Overview of oily sludge
treatment from petroleum
2.1 What is Oily Sludge?
It is worthwhile to examine the various definitions of oily sludge to recognize the multi–layered
issue its clean up entails. It is also noteworthy that many definitions of systems engineering describe
what it does and not what it is. This is particularly prevalent in the earlier standards.
The definition that depicts what oily sludge is comprised is as follows: Oily sludge is one of the
most significant solid wastes generated in the petroleum industry. It is a complex emulsion of
various petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), water, heavy metals, and solid particles.
Another definition of sludge – A dense, slushy, liquid–to–semifluid product that accumulates as an
end result of an

Alternative Energy For Renewable Energy Sources
Algae Biofuel
For many years the world has depended on one form of energy for transportation, and that is fossil
fuels. This means as our demand for these fossil fuels increases our supply will decrease
dramatically. As supply dwindles and costs rise, nations will be forced to utilize alternative energy
sources. Coal, both non–renewable and environmentally destructive, is the most likely near–term
candidate for replacing oil as a primary energy source. In order to achieve a secure and stable energy
supply that does not cause environmental damage, renewable energy sources must be explored and
promising technologies should be developed. Biodiesel derived from green algae biomass has the
potential for high volume, cost effective production. It can be carbon neutral and produced
intensively on relatively small areas of marginal land. The quality of the fuel product is comparable
to petroleum diesel and can be incorporated with minimal change into the existing fuel
infrastructure. Innovative techniques, including the use of industrial and domestic waste as fertilizer,
could be applied to further increase biodiesel productivity. There is now research going into
renewable resources to replace these harmful fossil fuels. One of the newest and most innovative of
these resources is algal biofuel. (Olds, 2006). Also known as algae biofuel, and oilgae, "the majority
of algae are photosynthetic so water, carbon–dioxide, light, and minerals are necessary for growth
(Olds, 2006)."

Disciplinary Action Paper
CPA Disciplinary Action In January of 1988 the AICPA introduced the Integrity and Objectivity
Rule number 102. The rule states that a member shall maintain objectivity and integrity, shall be
free of conflicts of interest, and shall not knowingly misrepresent the facts or subordinate his or her
judgment to others (AICPA). Rule number 102 has three separate violation interpretations. The first
interpretation of rule 102 states that a member that makes, permits, or directs another to make
materially false and misleading entries in financial statements is a violation. A second interpretation
of the rule states that if a member fails to correct an entity's financial statements or records that are
materially false and misleading when he or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The AICPA established rule 202 labeling it compliance with standards. According to NYSSPCA, a
member who performs auditing, review, compilation, management advisory, tax, or other
professional services shall comply with standards promulgated by appropriate bodies. The
expectations of this rule at to the point and do not offer any other interpretations of the rule. Bruce
McDonald an auditor for McDonald & Associates P.C. violated Rule 202 compliance with
standards.
Mr. McDonald failed to document seven separate important factors that should have been included
in the audit. He also did not obtain sufficient competent evidential matter to support the opinion on
the financial statements with respect to the certain audit areas. Mr. McDonalds report was not
modified, nor was there justification for departures from generally accepted accounting principles
for the Fund's financial statements inappropriately recognizing a benefit obligation without actual
medical claims to support the obligation. Mr. McDonald did not obtain written representations from
Fund management for all periods covered by the auditor's report. The report that he provided did not
comply with generally accepted auditing standards in that the report did not include a statement that
the financial statements are in conformity with generally accepted

How Immigrants Create Jobs
How Immigrants Create Jobs
` For many years Americans have addressed the issue of immigrants as a threat to the economy as
they take away jobs from natives of the United States. People state that immigrants will work for
lower wages and in worse conditions than a native, which makes them more desirable to employ.
But, is this assumption accurate? Or do immigrants actually create jobs and help the economy of the
United States? Research is now stating that immigration and unemployment are unrelated.
Immigrants actually create jobs and boost the economy by purchasing goods from native businesses
and by creating their own businesses (Value Added).
These are just two examples of how immigrants help to create jobs in the United States. They ...
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The different levels of education between these immigrants and natives also produce a wage
increase because the jobs they perform are frequently interdependent and complementary, which
increases the productivity of natives (Value Added).
The second group of immigrants with specialized skills is that of those with a college education.
These immigrants often obtain degrees in engineering, computer science, and mathematics.
Obtaining these degrees does not interfere with the career opportunities of natives because
Americans are not likely to get an education in these areas. The American Enterprise Institute and
the Partnership for a New American Economy conducted a study in December of 2011. Data in this
study was used from the years 2000 to 2007. The results state that, "every 100 foreign–born workers
who worked in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, and who had advanced degrees
from U.S. universities, were associated with an additional 262 jobs for native–born workers" (Value
Added). The study also found "that states with greater numbers of temporary workers in the H–1B
program for skilled workers and H–2B program for less–skilled nonagricultural workers had higher
employment among US natives" (Value Added).
The United States is a nation that was founded on immigrants. Throughout the years Americans are
learning that immigrants

Oil Wells That Ends Wells Essay
Oil Wells that Ends Wells
Imagine a smog covered world that is desolate and lifeless. This is not a dystopian fantasy but a very
likely reality if we do not take action. TransCanada has been attempting to construct an extension to
the Keystone XL pipeline since 2005, but they have accumulated little success. The pipeline has
garnered criticism as a result of the increased pollution that extracting the petroleum from the
Alberta oil sands would cause. While some believe the pipeline would benefit the economy, the
short term material benefits are minimal compared to the eternal reward of creating clean energy.
While it is extremely difficult for the world to replace oil entirely, I believe we must attempt in order
to save the planet.
To begin, while "No snowflake in an avalanche ever feels responsible", all our carbon footprints
compound to create the deadly toxins that will be our undoing. While some believe Global Warming
to be a hoax, it is a very potent reality. Carbon Dioxide is a gas found in all petroleum, which causes
the greenhouse gas effects; according to Friends of the Earth, the Alberta Oil Sands have "three to
four times" ("Friends of the Earth") the carbon emissions typical oil reserves do. This increase in
emissions is the exact opposite of what the environment needs. We must decline usage of these
poisonous gases if we wish to continue to have a thriving atmosphere.
The effects oil spills have on wildlife are long lasting and lethal. The smallest

An Author's Credibility In The Academic Discourse...
An Author's Credibility In The Academic Discourse Community
The academic discourse community has certain expectations about an argument which make the
work convincing and credible to members of the community. Before the work is even considered
however, the community has expectations of the author. The author must fulfill these expectations in
order to be considered credible or convincing. Some general criteria for an author in the academic
discourse community include having a voice in the work, credentials and experience that make him
or her qualified to write on the subject, a sense of professionalism about them shown in the tone and
diction of the work, and a balanced view of all sides of the issue. In the case of author Damien Cave
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The delayed and half hearted attempt at a thesis is not a good feature of an argument according to
the academic discourse community. The second error that Cave makes is that he looses his voice in
the paper as a whole. Short though it is, Cave still manages to stuff no less than eleven sources in his
article. While a wide variety and scope of outside sources in not intrinsically bad, on the contrary it
usually is desirable, summarizing the sources rather than having them back up his own ideas is
where Cave goes wrong. There are 21 paragraphs total in Cave's article, only 5 of which contain his
own voice. At a scanty 24% appearance rate, the academic discourse community would be sure to
note the lack of the author's voice. Both the tardy, weak thesis and the overkill of sources as
compared to Cave's own voice make the reader question his credibility as an author.
A strong voice of the author is present in John E. Calfee's article entitled "How Advertising Informs
to Our Benefit". First, Calfee has a clear and strong thesis that appears early in the article. His
statement, "...the truth is that people find advertising very useful indeed" shows the clear position
that he has take and appears in the very first paragraph of the article. This early evidence of voice
reassures the reader that the author is confident and knows what he is talking about. He goes on
throughout

AIAA In Brief
AIAA in Brief
Our purpose is to ignite and celebrate aerospace ingenuity and collaboration, and its importance to
our way of life.
Our promise is to be your vital lifelong link to the aerospace community and a champion for its
achievements. One Remarkable Fact Says It All: Since 1963, members from a single professional
society have achieved virtually every milestone in modern American flight. That society is the
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. With more than 30,000 individual members
from 88 countries, and 95 corporate members, AIAA is the world's largest technical society
dedicated to the global aerospace profession. Created in 1963 by the merger of the two great
aerospace societies of the day, the American Rocket Society ... Show more content on
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Over the past 80+ years, AIAA and its predecessor societies have supported the aerospace
community in so many ways – with publications; public lectures and later, technical conferences;
journals, and many other activities. A group of the earliest members even performed their own
rocket experiments, later forming a commercial company that became a leader in the industry. AIAA
has also monitored and often recorded the activities of its members, through those same books,
papers, journals, conferences. We watched as airplanes developed into jets; as jets went supersonic;
and as spaceflight went from a dream to reality. AIAA can say with pride that an AIAA member has
been involved with most of the major milestones in flight, so our history is interweaved with the
history of aerospace. We present here a brief history of AIAA as an organization as well as a
recognition of important events and pioneers from around the

Essay on Economics Assessment of Brazil
Brazil is one of the most prominent emerging economies in the world, indeed Brazil forms part of
the BRIC group of emerging economies alongside Russia, India and China. Brazil does differ from
some of its emerging economy counterparts in many ways, unlike China (but similar to Russia and
India) Brazil has a democratic form of government and the centre–left Worker's Party (Partidos dos
Trabalhadores (PT)) has governed Brazil since 2003. Unlike other emerging economies, the
Brazilian economy is dominated by the services industry which contributes 67 per–cent of Brazilian
GDP and employs 70 per–cent of Brazil's 100.77 million strong labour force. The other key sectors
of the Brazilian economy are the industrial sector, contributing ... Show more content on
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Brazil's economic development over the past thirteen years is demonstrated below in the table
comprised of data from the United Nations Development Programme.
Thirdly, despite the improvements in both economic growth and economic development income
inequality has remained quite high in Brazil and the decrease that has occurred in income inequality,
measured by the Gini index as having decreased from 52.3 in 2000 to 47.7 in 2008 is largely
attributable to the social justice programs of the Brazilian government rather than the direct impact
of global market forces. The most notable of these programs is the Bolsa–Familia conditional social
welfare program which has been praised from all quarters including the World Bank, the BBC, the
centre–left British newspaper The Guardian as well as the centre–right publication The Economist
and has been cited as a potential model for other emerging economies in Africa and the Middle East
as well as even New York City. Under Bolsa–Familia, Brazilian families with a per–capita

Foundations Of Engineering Lab Report
Foundations of Engineering Lab Report
Project 2
Dominic Simpson
Department of Civil Engineering
University of South Florida
Tampa, U.S.A. simpsond@mail.usf.edu I. INTRODUCTION
Engineering has been an essential part of society since man created the wheel. Even from the days
in ancient Egypt when the pharaohs built the pyramids they used their own form of engineering.
Engineers were always a very prestigious occupation. It was roman engineers who allowed the city
of Rome to be built from the palaces to the aqueducts. After the roman engineers built the aqueducts
then engineering evolved to a more renaissance approach including building castles and moats.
Kings and queens would use engineers for personal statues of themselves or for improvements on
their castles. The foundation of engineering completely changed when Isaac newton invented
calculus and put a formula to gravity. A couple hundred years later, many engineers focused on
improving machinery in the industrial revolution, along with many improvements in the medical
field. Lately some of the more popular feats of engineers include large skyscrapers being built
across the world, and one of the best inventions of all which is the computer. Computer scientist and
electrical engineers have been at the forefront of our most recent technological advancement and
will continue to push our technological boundaries to the limits.
II. U.S. ENGINEERING SOCIETIES
A) Electrical Engineering is "a branch of engineering that

The Institute Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers Essay
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a worldwide association of
professional dedicated to the advancement of technology. They have developed 802 Standards that
have impacted most of the modern era of telecommunications and computer networking. The
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) overlooks standardization over a broad spectrum of
products and services in numerous industries including technology, electronics, construction, dairy
and livestock. Established almost 100 years ago, ANSI has provided standards for many products
including lamps, cameras and computers. The International Organization for Standards (ISO) is a
similar body that has an international focus in providing standards for many different sectors
including technology, food safety, agriculture and healthcare. Similar in nature to ANSI, ISO was
originated in the U.K. after World War II. All three associations are committed to in making
advancements in products and services and avoid waste and ensure safety by implementing
standards in business industries to create stability and commonality. The three bodies have working
agreements of cooperation. Also, each organization was founded by engineers. The IEEE is more
focused on telecommunications and technology. The IEEE has a global membership and has many
working groups that target the critical standards in today's telecommunications. Its foundation is
based on the very beginnings of electricity and the enormous growth of

Case Study: The Dakota Pipeline
The Dakota Access Pipeline should not be completed because it doesn't created long term jobs, it
affects indigenous people, and will worsen climate change.
The Dakota Access Pipeline should not be completed because it doesn't created long term jobs.
Estimated construction jobs for the Dakota Pipeline are deceptive because they are infrequently
accurate and the jobs are short term. The job estimates fluctuated between 26,000 and 13,000.
Eventually, the project will employ around 21,000 people, however only during the highest
construction times and that ultimately only last two summers. Therefore, the Dakota Pipeline may
create jobs but almost all will be temporary. For instance, TransCanada, the company behind
Keystone XL, authorized the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Out of all the ways of transportation for oil, a pipeline is the safest. A study based on 10 years of
data in Canada by the Fraser Institute, found that transporting oil and natural gas through pipelines
was 4.5 times safer. Furthermore, The American Petroleum Institute and the Association of Oil Pipe
Lines found that oil and petroleum products were delivered safely through pipelines 99.99 percent
of the time in 2013. In addition, almost 75 percent of pipeline incidents do not affect the
environment since they occur at handling and processing facilities. Pipeline accidents are very rare
and it most likely for American to be struck and killed by lightning than from a pipeline

Researh Paper- Energy Crisis
Table of Contents Introduction 2 Problem 2 Current
Usage................................................................................................2 Petroleum 3 Coal 3 Natural Gas
4 Nuclear 5 Alternatives 5 Hydropower 5 Solar Power 7 Wind Energy 8 Geothermal Energy 9
Biofules 11 Conclusions 12 Best Choices 12 Implications 13
Works Cited...................................................................................................14
Introduction
Problem
An energy crisis is a situation in which a nation suffers from a disruption of energy supplies
connected by increasing energy prices that threaten economic and national security. At the moment,
there is an increasing worldwide demand for electrical power and transportation, both which depend
mostly on fossil fuels, such as oil products. Because the population and new technology is ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Coal is used to create almost half of all electricity generated in the United States. Coal is mostly
found in three large regions in the United States; the Appalachian Coal Region, the Interior Coal
Region, and Western Coal Region. More than one–third of the coal produced in the United States
comes from the Appalachian Coal Region. It is impossible to know exactly how much coal there is,
because it is buried underground. "Based on U.S. coal consumption for 2008, the U.S. recoverable
coal reserves represent enough coal to last 234 years"(So How Much Coal is there?) Coal provides
26% of global primary energy needs and generates 41% of the world's electricity, according to the
World Coal Institute (Coal Reserves, Coal Exploration – World Coal Institute).
Natural gas
Natural gas is formed from animals and plants that lived millions of years ago when heat and
pressure turned decayed matter into crude oil. Natural gas is usually found near petroleum. Oil is
then transported to refineries and distilled into fuel or base chemical products. Natural gas is
pumped from below ground and travels in pipelines to storage areas. Natural gas is used to make
steel, glass, paper, clothing, brick, electricity and also as an essential raw material for many daily
products. Some products that use natural gas as a raw material are paints, plastics, dyes,
photographic film, medicines, and

Essay About Drinking In Alaska
Drilling in Alaska Instead of the United States drilling for oil in Alaska, we should focus more on
ways to reduce oil consumption, such as researching renewable energy sources. Let's face it the air
as we know it isn't getting any cleaner. We have a lot of pollution in the air; unfortunately oil is an
enormous part of the everyday lives of people living in the United States. Not only does it affect us
here in the United States, but did you ever think about the harm we are making in Alaska? We have
plenty of renewable resources where we can limit the amount of oil. How much are we consuming?
We consume a lot of oil for gas which includes vehicles, airplanes, and etc. There is a lot of
consumption in just in an hour in fact "the United States consumes almost 20million barrels of oil
per day, and at a rate of 1.5 million barrels per day from Alaska, 7.5 percent of American oil
consumption could be met for over 20 years." ("Oil Drilling in Alaska" 1) How is the oil
consumption of the United States affecting Alaska? While we are benefiting from the oil, what is
happening in Alaska? Many people fail to realize or ignore that we are affecting animals, people and
nature with all that pollution we are causing to Alaska. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I personally have seen house with solar panels and also you see them on calculators. They may be
expensive but I believe they are worth it for the environment. In fact according to Eric McLamb,
"Solar energy is having the most immediate impact on home energy needs, and is expected to
provide the energy needs for one billion people by the middle of this century". Which can in the
nearer future increase the way people get they're energy thus decrease the consumption of oil.
According to the European Photovoltaic Industry Association, "Solar power could provide energy
for more than one billion people by 2020 and 26 percent of global energy needs by

Venezuela And Its Effects On The Country
Throughout this assignment, our job as students was to develop a plan in order to have knowledge
about the country we were planning to discuss, the country I decided to talk about in this assignment
is Venezuela. Venezuela was given the name of Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela since 1999.
Venezuela is located on the northern coast of South America, the country is compromised with
numerous islands from the Caribbean Sea. It borders Brazil from the south,Colombia from the west
and Guyana from the east. A little history about Venezuela, this country became a Spanish colony in
the 1520's. In 1830, Venezuela withdrew from Gran Colombia and became an independent republic.
Most of Venezuela's 19th century history was characterized by periods of political instability,
dictatorial rule and then followed by a succession in the first half of the 20th
century(CountryWatch). Hugo Chavez became president in 1999 and continuously became elected
until 2013, the current president of Venezuela is Nicolas Maduro(CountryWatch). Venezuela is also
a major oil producer and its economy has been highly dependent of the petroleum. The population
as of today is about 29,275,460. Venezuela's capital is Caracas and its official language is Spanish,
as well as some indigenous dialects. The weather in Venezuela is mostly tropical, at times it is hot,
humid and becomes more moderate in the highlands. The government type that Venezuela follows is
federal republic, with five branches of government such as:

Offshore Drilling in the Gulf of Mexico Debate

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