2. Objectives
At the end of the lesson
a. we will be able to identify the three
types of Map projections .
3. Map projections
are attempts to portray the surface of
the earth or a portion of the earth on a
flat surface.
4. Map projections
is a mathematically described technique
of how to represent the Earth’s curved
surface on a flat map.
is an orderly arrangement of meridians
and parallels on which one draws a
map.
5. To represent parts of the surface of
the Earth on a flat paper map or on a
computer screen, the curved
horizontal reference surface must be
mapped onto the 2D mapping plane.
6.
7. 3 Types of Map
Projections
1. Mercator projection
2. Equal Area Projection
3. Gnomonic Projection
8. 1. Mercator Projection
It was created by Flemish cartographer
Gerardus Mercator in 1569 – a time when
Antarctica hadn’t even been discovered.
Mercator was designed as a navigational tool
for sailors as it was most convenient to hand-
plot courses with parallel rules and triangles
on this map.
9. 1. Mercator Projection
It is often described as a cylindrical
projection.
shows the lines of longitude and
latitude as straight lines.
11. 1. Mercator Projection
Disadvantage:
The Mercator
map projection
does not show
true distances or
sizes of
continents,
especially near
the north and
south poles.
12.
13. 2. Equal Area Projection
also known as equivalent or authalic
projection
represent areas correctly on the map.
the areas of features on the map are
proportional to their areas on the reference
surface of Earth
Researchers use Equal-Area maps to
compare land sizes of the world.
15. 2.Equal Area Projection
Advantage: The Equal-Area map
projection show the correct sizes of
landmasses and continents.
Disadvantage: The Equal area map
causes the shapes of landmasses to be
altered and forced into curves.