What is disease?what is bacterial disease?Difference between a disease and infection, Infectious disease,Diseases caused by Bacteria;Cholera Leprosy Tuberculosis Plague Syphilis Anthrax Scarlet fever Diphtheria

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By: Mehwish Manzoor
diseases caused by
bacteria

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What is disease?
 A disease is a particular abnormal
condition that negatively affects the
structure or function of all or part of an
organism, and that is not due to any
immediate external injury. Diseases are
often known to be medical conditions that
are associated with specific symptoms and
signs

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what is bacterial disease?
 Bacterial diseases include any type of
illness caused by bacteria. Bacteria are a
type of microorganism, which are tiny
forms of life that can only be seen with a
microscope.

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Difference between a disease
and infection
 Infection, often the first step, occurs
when bacteria, viruses or other microbes
that cause disease enter your body and
begin to multiply.
 Disease occurs when the cells in your
body are damaged — as a result of
the infection — and signs and symptoms
of an illness appear.

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Infectious disease
 Infectious disease, in medicine, a
process caused by an agent, often a type
of microorganism, that impairs a
person’s health. In many cases,
infectious disease can be spread from
person to person, either directly (e.g., via
skin contact) or indirectly (e.g., via
contaminated food or water).

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Diseases caused by Bacteria
 Cholera
 Leprosy
 Tuberculosis
 Plague
 Syphilis
 Anthrax
 Scarlet fever
 Diphtheria

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Cholera
 Cholera is an infectious disease that
causes severe watery diarrhea, which can
lead to dehydration and even death if
untreated. It is caused by eating food or
drinking water contaminated with a
bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.

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Cholera Causes
Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes
cholera, is usually found in food or water
contaminated by feces from a person with
the infection. Common sources include:
 Municipal water supplies
 Ice made from municipal water
 Foods and drinks sold by street vendors

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cont…….
 Vegetables grown with water containing
human wastes
 Raw or undercooked fish and seafood
caught in waters polluted with sewage

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Cholera Symptoms
 Symptoms of cholera can begin as soon as
a few hours or as long as five days after
infection. Often, symptoms are mild. But
sometimes they are very serious.
Signs and symptoms of dehydration
 Rapid heart rate
 Loss of skin elasticity (the ability to return
to original position quickly if pinched)

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Cont…..
 Dry mucous membranes, including the
inside of the mouth, throat, nose, and
eyelids
 Low blood pressure
 Thirst
 Muscle cramps
 If not treated, dehydration can lead to
shock and death in a matter of hours.

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Cholera Treatment
 There is a vaccine for cholera.
 Vaxchora is the only cholera
vaccine approved by the FDA, the agency
said. Two other oral cholera vaccines,
Dukoral and ShanChol, are available
elsewhere, but they require two doses and
can take weeks to confer protection,
according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC).

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Prevention
 You can protect yourself and your family
by using only water that has been boiled,
water that has been chemically
disinfected, or bottled water. Be sure to
use bottled, boiled, or chemically
disinfected water .

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Leprosy
 Leprosy is a chronic, progressive
bacterial infection caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It
primarily affects the nerves of the
extremities, the skin, the lining of the
nose, and the upper respiratory tract.
 Leprosy is also known as Hansen's
disease.
 Includes Diseases: Lepromatous leprosy

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Symptoms:
The main symptoms of leprosy include:
 muscle weakness
 numbness in the hands, arms, feet, and
legs
 skin lesions

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How is leprosy treated?
 WHO developed a multidrug
therapyTrusted Source in 1995 to cure all
types of leprosy. It’s available free of
charge worldwide.
 Additionally, several antibiotics treat
leprosy by killing the bacteria that causes
it. These antibiotics include:
 dapsone (Aczone)

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Cont……
 rifampin (Rifadin)
 clofazimine (Lamprene)
 minocycline (Minocin)
 ofloxacin (Ocuflux)
Your doctor will likely prescribe more than
one antibiotic at the same time.

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Tuberculosis
 Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by
bacteria called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The
bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they
can also damage other parts of the body.
TB spreads through the air when a person
with TB of the lungs or throat coughs,
sneezes, or talks.

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Symptoms:
 A bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer
 Weight loss
 Loss of appetite
 Coughing up blood or mucus
 Weakness or fatigue
 Fever
 Night sweats

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Diagnosis and Tests
 Skin tests, blood tests, x-rays, and other
tests can tell if you have TB. If not treated
properly, TB can be deadly. You can
usually cure active TB by taking several
medicines for a long period of time.

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Plague
 Plague is a disease that affects humans
and other mammals. It is caused by the
bacterium, Yersinia pestis. Humans usually
get plague after being bitten by a rodent
flea that is carrying the plague bacterium
or by handling an animal infected
with plague.

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Signs and symptoms
 Fever and chills.
 Extreme weakness.
 Abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting.
 Bleeding from your mouth, nose or
rectum, or under your skin.
 Shock.
 Blackening and death of tissue
(gangrene) in your extremities, most
commonly your fingers, toes and nose.

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plague treatment
 Antibiotics such as streptomycin,
gentamicin, doxycycline,
or ciprofloxacin are used to treat
plague. Oxygen, intravenous fluids, and
respiratory support are usually also
needed. People with pneumonic plague
must be kept away from caregivers and
other patients.

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Syphilis
 Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually
spread by sexual contact. The disease
starts as a painless sore — typically on
your genitals, rectum or
mouth. Syphilis spreads from person to
person via skin or mucous membrane
contact with these sores.

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Cont……
 After the initial infection, the syphilis
bacteria can remain inactive (dormant) in
your body for decades before becoming
active again. Early syphilis can be cured,
sometimes with a single shot (injection) of
penicillin. Without treatment, syphilis can
severely damage your heart, brain or
other organs, and can be life-threatening.
Syphilis can also be passed from mothers
to unborn children.

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Anthrax
 Anthrax is an infection caused by the
bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can occur
in four forms: skin, lungs, intestinal, and
injection. Symptom onset occurs between
one day to over two months after the
infection is contracted.
 Causes: Bacillus anthracis

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Cont
 Prevention: Anthrax
vaccination, antibiotics
 Symptoms: Skin form: small blister with
surrou...
 Specialty: Infectious disease

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Scarlet fever
 Scarlet fever is a bacterial illness that
develops in some people who have strep
throat. Also known as scarlatina, scarlet
fever features a bright red rash that
covers most of the body.
 Scarlet fever is almost always
accompanied by a sore throat and a
high fever.

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Diphtheria
 Diphtheria is a serious infection caused
by strains of bacteria called
Corynebacterium diphtheriae that make
toxin (poison). It can lead to difficulty
breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and
even death. CDC recommends vaccines for
infants, children, teens, and adults to
prevent diphtheria.

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