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Anthrax.pdf
- 2. introduction 01 Pathology 02 Diagnosis 03 Typology 04 Sign & Symptoms 05 Risk factors 06 Table of contents
- 4. introduction
- 5. Introduction Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. It occurs naturally in soil and commonly affects domestic and wild animals around the world. People can get sick with anthrax if they come in contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. Anthrax can cause severe illness in both humans and animals.
- 6. Epidemiology
- 7. Epidemiology Number of cases of Anthrax diagnosed every year
- 8. Where anthrax is found Anthrax is most common in agricultural regions of Central and South America sub-Saharan Africa central and southwestern Asia southern and eastern Europe the Caribbean.
- 10. Way of transmission People get infected with anthrax when spores get into the body. When anthrax spores get inside the body, they can be “activated.” The bacteria can then multiply, spread out in the body, produce toxins, and cause severe illness. This can happen when people breathe in spores, eat food or drink water contaminated with spores, or get spores in a cut or scrape in the skin. It is very uncommon for people in the United States to get infected with anthrax.
- 11. Typology
- 12. Cutaneous is the most common form of anthrax infection, and it is also considered to be the least dangerous. Infection usually develops from 1 to 7 days after exposure. Inhalation Inhalation anthrax is considered to be the most deadly form of anthrax. Infection usually develops within a week after exposure, but it can take up to 2 months. Gastrointestinal has rarely been reported in the United States. Infection usually develops from 1 to 7 days after exposure. Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Injection This type of infection has never been reported in the United States. Types
- 13. Sign & Symptoms
- 14. Signs and symptoms Cutaneous Lungs Ingestion Injection A group of small blisters or bumps that may itch Swelling can occur around the sore A painless skin sore (ulcer) with a black center that appears after the small blisters or bumps Most often the sore will be on the face, neck, arms, or hand Fever and chills Chest Discomfort Shortness of breath Confusion or dizziness Cough Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pains Headache Sweats (often drenching) Extreme tiredness Body aches Fever and chills Swelling of neck or neck glands Sore throat Painful swallowing Hoarseness Nausea and vomiting, especially bloody vomiting Diarrhea or bloody diarrhea Headache Flushing (red face) and red eyes Stomach pain Fainting Swelling of abdomen (stomach) Fever and chills A group of small blisters or bumps that may itch, appearing where the drug was injected A painless skin sore with a black center that appears after the blisters or bumps Swelling around the sore Abscesses deep under the skin or in the muscle where the drug was injected
- 15. Symptoms of anthrax Fever and chills Venus is the second planet from the Sun Small blisters Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Sore throat Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all Diarrhea Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings
- 16. Risk factors
- 17. Risk factors Most people will never be exposed to anthrax. However, there are activities that can put some people at greater risk of exposure than others. Laboratory professionals People who handle animal products Mail handlers, military personnel, and response workers Travelers
- 18. Diagnosis
- 19. Diagnosis The only ways to confirm an anthrax diagnosis are: •To measure antibodies or toxin in blood •To test directly for Bacillus anthracis in a sample • blood • skin lesion swab • spinal fluid • respiratory secretions Samples must be taken before the patient begins taking antibiotics for treatment.
- 20. X-rays CT scans Toxins Secretions Antibodies Labs Diagnosis
- 21. Treatment
- 22. Treatment The standard treatment for anthrax is an antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), doxycycline (Vibramycin), or levofloxacin. The treatment effectiveness of the type or combination of antibiotics and the length of treatment in your case depends on how you contracted anthrax, your age, general health, and other factors. Treatment is most effective when it begins as soon as possible.
- 24. Prevention
- 25. Preventing anthrax involves vaccination for high-risk individuals, practicing good hygiene, and avoiding contact with contaminated animals or their products. Additionally, it's crucial to handle and process animal products carefully, especially in areas where anthrax is prevalent. Prevention
- 26. Prevention Taking blood samples Mercury is the smallest planet Strict quarantine Mars is actually a very cold place Protective clothing Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all Dispose equipment Saturn is a gas giant and has rings