หนังสือลักษณะประจำวงศ์พรรณไม้ เล่ม 2 ดร. ก่องกานดา ชยามฤต

3. F .
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ISBN: 974-286-026-2
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0 2636 6550 0 2238 1074

4. F F F 2 F F
F ˁ F F ˁ
F F F F F F ˁ F
F ˈ F 2 F F 1 F . . 2548 F
ˈ F F F ˁ F
F F ˁ F F
ˈ F F F F ˈ
F F ˈ
F F F
F F 2 F F F F 1
F F F F F F F
F F ˁ F ˈ F F
F F F 2 ˈ F F
F F
F F ˆ ˁ F ˈ
F F . F F F
F
( F )
F F ˁ F

5. F
F F F
F F F F F F
ˁ F F F F ˁ F F
ˈ F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F ˈ F 2
F F F F ˈ 47 F F F F
F F F F 2 ˈ F
F F F F F F F ˈ F
F F F ˁ F
F F F ˁ F F F F
F F ˁ F F F
( . F )
F F
F F ˁ F

6. F F
F
AIZOACEAE F 6
AMARANTHACEAE F F F 8
ASCLEPIADACEAE F 10
BALANOPHORACEAE F 12
BEGONIACEAE F 14
BETULACEAE F F 16
CACTACEAE F 18
CAMPANULACEAE F F 20
CARYOPHYLLACEAE F F 22
CONNARACEAE F 24
CONVOLVULACEAE F F 26
CRASSULACEAE F 28
CRUCIFERAE F 30
CUCURBITACEAE F ˆ 32
DROSERACEAE F F F 13
ELAEAGNACEAE F 38
GENTIANACEAE F 34
GESNERIACEAE F F F 36
GOODENIACEAE F 39
GUTTIFERAE F 40
ICACINACEAE F 42
ILLICIACEAE F ˃ 43
LABIATAE F 44
LENTIBULARIACEAE F F 46
LORANTHACEAE F 48
MALPIGHIACEAE F 50
MENISPERMACEAE F 52
NEPENTHACEAE F F F F 54
NYMPHAEACEAE F 56
OLEACEAE F 58
ONAGRACEAE F 57
PASSIFLORACEAE F 60
PIPERACEAE F 62
PEDALIACEAE F 64
PLANTAGINACEAE F 65
POLYGONACEAE F F 66
PORTULACACEAE F 68
RAFFLESIACEAE F 72
RANUNCULACEAE F F 70
SANTALACEAE F F 74
SOLANACEAE F 76
TURNERACEAE F F 73
ULMACEAE F 78
UMBELLIFERAE F 80
URTICACEAE F F 82
VITACEAE F F 84
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE F 86

7. 6 F F 2
F AIZOACEAE
F
F F ʾ ʾ F
F F F ˈ F
F F 5 3 8
F F F 5
F 1 3-4 F 1-3 F
F F F
F F
5 F 5 F
F
F F F
Molluginaceae ˈ F F
ˈ F F 3-5
F
F F 2 F F
• Trianthema F F F F F 1
2 F F Trianthema portulacastrum L. Trianthema
triquetra Rott. ex Willd.
• Sesuvium F F F F F F
3-4 1 F F Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. F

8. 7F F 2
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.

9. 8 F F 2
F F F AMARANTHACEAE
F
F F ʾ ʾ F
F F ˈ F F
ˈ F F
F 3-5 F F F
F 5 F F F
ˈ F 2-3 F F
1 F F 2-3 ˈ
(utricle) F (circumcessile) ˈ F
F F
F F F F F
F F F F F F ˈ F
F 1 F F F
F F F
Chenopodiaceae F F F F
F F F F
F
F F 14
ˈ 2 F F F
F
• Celosia 1 F F F Celosia argenteaL.
• Gomphrena 2 F F F F Gomphrena globosa L.
F F ˁ Gomphrena celosioides Mart. F
• Amaranthus F AmaranthuslividusL. Amaranthus
spinosus L.
• Alternanthera F ˈ Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel)
G. Nicholson ˈ Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. F

10. 9F F 2
F F ˁ
Gomphrena celosioides Mart.
F F
Gomphrena globosa L.
F F
Gomphrena globosa L.

11. 10 F F 2
F ASCLEPIADACEAE
F
F F ʾ ˈ F F F F ˈ F F
F ˈ
F ˈ F ˈ F F
F F F F 5
ˈ 5 F
ˈ F 5 F ˈ F
2 F 1 2 F F
F F F F F F
F 2 F 2 F
F
F F
ˈ F F F
5 ˈ 5
F 5 2 F
F
F F F
Apocynaceae F F ˈ
F 5 F
F
ˈ F 45 F
• Asclepias ˈ F F F F Asclepias curassavica L.
• Hoya ˈ F F F Hoya kerrii Craib Hoya ovalifolia
Wight & Arn.
• Sarcostemma ˈ F F F F Sarcostemma brunonianum
Wight & Arn. Sarcostemma secamone (L.) Bennet

12. 11F F 2
F F
Sarcostemma brunonianum Wight & Arn. Zygostelma benthami Baill.
F
Toxocarpus sp.
F
Myriopteron extensum (Wight) K.Schum.
F
Asclepias curassavica L.
Hoya
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryander ex
W.T. Aiton
Ceropegia

13. 12 F F 2
F BALANOPHORACEAE
F
F F ˈ ʽ F F ˈ ˈ F F
F F (spicate) F F (head)
3 4 F F 1-
F F 1-3 F 1-3
F F
ˈ F ˈ F
F F F
Rafflesiaceae F 10
F
ˁ F 1
• Balanophora F F Balanophora
abbreviata Blume Balanophora fungosa J.R. &
G. Forst. subsp. indica (Arn.) B. Hansen var. indica
Balanophora fungosa J.R. & G. Forst.
subsp. indica (Arn.) B. Hansen var. indica
F
Balanophora harlandii Hook.f.
Balanophora latisepala (Tiegh.) Lecomte

14. 13F F 2
F F F DROSERACEAE
F
F F ʾ F ˈ
ˈ F F
F ˈ F F
F 5 F 5
F F 5-20 ˈ F F
1 3-5 F
F 1 F F F F
2-5 F
F F
ˈ F F F F
5 F 5 F
F F F
Nepenthaceae F F
F F ˈ F
F
1
• Drosera ˈ F F F F Drosera indica L.
F Drosera burmannii Vahl
F
Drosera burmannii Vahl
F F
Drosera indica L.

15. 14 F F 2
F BEGONIACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F F
ˆ F
F F F ˈ F F F F
ˈ F F F F
F F F
4 ˈ 5
F ˈ F F F
1 F F 3 F 3 ʾ
F F 3 F 2
6 ˁ F ʾ
F F
F F F F F F F F F F
F F F F F
F F 4 ˈ
5 F F F ʾ F
F F F
Violaceae F F 5 F F
ˈ F
Turneraceae F F
F ˈ F
F
F F ˁ 1
• Begonia ˈ F F F Begonia rex
Putz. Begonia semperflorens Link & Otto F ˈ F ˁ F F F
Begonia inflata C.B. Clarke Begonia smithiae E.T. Geddes

16. 15F F 2
Begonia
Begonia soluta Craib Begonia rex Putz.

17. 16 F F 2
F F BETULACEAE
F
F F F F F ˆ F
F F ˈ F F ˈ F F
F F F F
1-6 F F ˈ
F 1-4 F F
F 2 F 1 2 F F F
2 F 1 F F F 2 ( ˁ )
F 2 F ˈ F F
ˈ F
ʾ F F
F F
F F F F F F ˆ
F ˈ F ˈ F F
F F 2 F ʾ
F F
F F F
Fagaceae ˆ 3 F F
F
Myricaceae ˆ 1 F F ʾ
F
F 2
• Betula F F F Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex G. Don
• Carpinus F F F F Carpinus viminea Wall. ex Lindl.

18. 17F F 2
F
Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex G. Don
F F
Carpinus viminea Wall. ex Lindl.

19. 18 F F 2
F CACTACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F F F
F F ˈ F
F F ˈ ˈ ˁ ˈ
F F ˈ F F F F
F F F ˈ F F F
F ( F ) ˈ F ˈ
ˈ F F F
F F F F
F F F ˈ F
F F F
F F F F
F 1 3- F F F
1 F ˆ F F F
F 1 F F
ˈ F ˈ
F
F F
F F F F F F F F ˈ ˁ
ˈ F F F F F
ˈ F ˈ ˈ F F
F
F F 1 F ˆ F F ˈ
F F F
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia ˈ F F F (Cyathium)
3 1 F F
F
F

20. 19F F 2
• Opuntia ˈ F F F ˆ Opuntia cochenillifera
(L.) Mill. Opuntia humifusa Raf.
• Epiphyllum F F Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw.
Opuntia elatior Mill.
ˆ
Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill.

21. 20 F F 2
F F CAMPANULACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F
ˈ F ˈ F
F F F F
5 ˈ 5 F 5
ˈ F ˄ ˈ 5 ˂
F F 5 F F
F ˈ F
F F 1 2-5 F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F
ʽ
F F
F F F F F 5
F F F 5 F F
F F
F F
F F F
Goodeniaceae F F F F
F F 1-4 F F F
F
F F ˁ F
5 F
• Laurentia F F ʾ Laurentia longiflora (L.)
Peterm.
• Lobelia ˈ F F F F Lobelia
chinensis Lour. ˈ F Lobelia angulata G. Forst.

22. 21F F 2
Lobelia angulata G. Forst.
Lobelia angulata G. Forst.

23. 22 F F 2
F F CARYOPHYLLACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F
F F ˈ F
ˈ F ˈ F F
F 5
ˈ 5 F
F F F 5-10 ˈ 2
F F
F F 2-5 F F
1 F F
ˈ F ˆ F ʽ
ˈ (utricle)
F F
F F F F F ˈ
F F ˈ
2-5 F F 1 F
ˈ F ˆ F ʽ
(utricle)
F F F
Polygonaceae F F F
6 ˈ ˈ 3 3 1
F F
F
F F 8 F
• Polycarpaea ˈ F F F F F Polycarpaea
corymbosa (L.) Lam.
• Drymaria F F F Drymaria diandra Blume
• Dianthus ˈ F F F F Dianthus
caryophyllus L. F F Dianthus chinensis L.

24. 23F F 2
F
Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam.
F
Drymaria diandra Blume

25. 24 F F 2
F CONNARACEAE
F
F ˈ F F F F
F ˈ 3
F ˈ F
F F 5
5 F 10 ˈ 2
F F 5
F F F F 2 F 1
2-5 2-5 F ˈ F
F F F 1 F ˈ
F
F F
F
F 5 F 5-10 5 F F F 2
F F
F F F
Leguminosae F F ˈ 1 F
1- ˈ ˆ 1-
F
F 6 ˁ F F
• Cnestis ˈ F F F Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr.
• Connarus ˈ F F Connarus
cochinchinensis (Baill.) Pierre ˈ F F Connarus
semidecandrus Jack ˈ F
• Rourea F F Rourea mimosoides (Vahl) Planch.
ˈ F ˁ Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Leenh.
F F Rourea stenopetala (Griff.) Schellenb. F

26. 25F F 2
Connarus Connarus semidecandrus Jack
Connarus

27. 26 F F 2
F F CONVOLVULACEAE
F
F ˈ F F F F F
F ˈ ˈ F
F F F
F F F 5
F 5
ˈ 5 F F
F 5 F F F
1 2 F F 2 F
4 F F F 2
F F 1 F F F
1 2 ˈ ˈ F F 4
F F
F F F
F F 5 F
2 F F F 2 F F 4
F F F
Boraginaceae F ˈ F F
Hydrophyllaceae F ˈ F F F 2 F
F F 2-
F
F F F
15
• Argyreia ˈ F F F F F Argyreia
nervosa (Burm.f.) Bojer Argyreia mollis (Burm.f.) Choisy
• Ipomoea ˈ F F F Ipomoea aquatica
Forssk. F Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.
• Merremia ˈ F F F Merremia kingii(Prain)
Kerr F Merremia vitifolia (Burm.f.) Hallier

28. 27F F 2
Argyreia mollis (Burm.f.) Choisy Argyreia thorelii Gagnep.
F
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.
F
Merremia mammosa (Lour.) Hallier f.
Merremia hederacea (Burm.f.) Hallier Ipomoea

29. 28 F F 2
F CRASSULACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F
F ˈ
ˈ F F 4 5
ˈ F 4 5
ˈ F F 4-10 ˈ F
F 1 1 F F
1 F F F
F F F F
F F
F F F F F
F 4 5 F F F F
F
F
F ˈ F 4
• Kalanchoe ˈ F F ˈ F F
F F Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. ˈ Kalanchoe
pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
• Sedum ˈ F ˁ F F Sedum
susanae Raym.-Hamet
• Graptopetalum ˈ F F
Graptopetalum paraguayense (N.E. Brown) Walther

30. 29F F 2
Sedum susanae Raym.-Hamet
ˈ
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.

31. 30 F F 2
F CRUCIFERAE
F
F F ʾ ʾ ʾ
ˈ ˈ F ˈ F
ˈ F
F 4 ˈ 2 4 ˈ
F F
F 6 F F ˈ F
F F 1 2-4
F F 2 F F F
ˈ F F
F F
F F F F 4 ˈ
F F 6 F
2 F F F ˈ
F F F
Capparaceae F F F 4, 6
F F 1 F
F
F F F
ˈ F
• Brassica F Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak.
Brassica oleracea L.
• Raphanus F F Raphanus sativus L.
• Rorippa ˈ F F F F Rorippa benghalensis
(DC.) Hara Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek
(Watercress)

32. 31F F 2
F
Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak.
F
Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak.

33. 32 F F 2
F ˆ CUCURBITACEAE
F
F ʾ ʾ F F ˈ 5
F F
5 F
F ˈ F ˈ F F
F
ˈ F F F 5 ˈ F
ˈ 5 5 ˈ F
F F 3-5
F F ˈ 2 F 1 F 2
F 1 3 F
F F 1 F F F 1
3 F
ˈ F
F
F F
F F F
F ˈ 5 5 F
ˈ F F
3-5 F F ˈ
F
F F F
Passifloraceae F ˈ
F F F
F
F F ˈ
20 F
• Momordica F F Momordica charantia L.
ˆ F Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
• Luffa F Luffa acutangula (L.)
Roxb. Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem.

34. 33F F 2
• Trichosanthes ˈ F Trichosanthes anguina
L. Trichosanthes cucumerina L.
• Cucumis ˈ F F F F Cucumis melo L.
Cucumis sativus L.
• Coccinea F F Coccinea grandis (L.) Voigt
• Diplocyclos ˈ F F F Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C.
Jeffrey ˈ
Coccinea grandis (L.) Voigt
F
Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi
ˆ F
Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
Momordica charantia L. Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey

35. 34 F F 2
F GENTIANACEAE
F
F F ʾ ʾ F F
F F ˈ ˈ F F
F
F ˈ F F
ˈ F ˈ 4-5 F F
ˈ F 4-5
ˈ F / F F F
4-5 F F ʽ ˈ
1 2 F F
2 ˈ F 1 ˈ 2
F F
F F
F F ʾ F
ˈ F F F
F
F F F
Loganiaceae F F F F
F
F 7 F
• Gentiana F F Gentiana crassa Kurz
Gentiana hesseliana Hosseus var. hesseliana
• Swertia F F F Swertia angustifolia Ham. ex D. Don
F Swertia striata Collett & Hemsl.

36. 35F F 2
F
Swertia striata Collett & Hemsl.
Gentiana hesseliana Hosseus var. lakshnakarae (Kerr) Toyok.

37. 36 F F 2
F F F GESNERIACEAE
F
F F F F ˈ F F F ˈ F
F F
ˈ F ˆ
F ˈ F F F F F
F F F 5
ˈ F ˈ 5 5 ˈ F
ˈ 2 F 2 4 F
ˈ F F 1 F F 1
1 ˈ F
F F
F F
F F F F F 5
ˈ 2 F 2 ˈ F F
F F F
Lentibulariaceae F 2
F
F F 27 F
• Aeschynanthus F F F F F Aeschynanthus
andersonii C.B. Clarke F F Aeschynanthus garrettii Craib
• Didymocarpus F F F Didymocarpus biserratus
Barnett
• Chirita F Chirita involucrata Craib

38. 37F F 2
F
Aeschynanthus macranthus (Merr.) Pellegr.
Cyrtandra dispar DC.
Cyrtandra dispar DC.
Henckelia rugosa (Ridl.) A. Weber

39. 38 F F 2
F ELAEAGNACEAE
F
F F F
F ˈ ˈ F F
F F ˈ
F F ˈ 4
F 4 1 1 F 1 F F
F F F
F
F F
F F 4
F 4 1 F 1 F 1 F
F F F F
F
F 1
• Elaeagnus F F Elaeagnus latifolia L.
Elaeagnus latifolia L.

40. 39F F 2
F GOODENIACEAE
F
F F F F F
F F F F F
5 ˈ
F F F 5
F 1 F 2-3 F
F 1 ˈ F F F
F F 2-6
F F
F F F 5
F F 1
F 2-3 F
F F F
Campanulaceae F F
F F
F
F 1 F F
• Scaevola F F Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.
ˈ F F F 1-2
Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.

41. 40 F F 2
F GUTTIFERAE
F
F F F F F F
F F 4-5
F ˈ 3-5 F
1- F F
ˈ
F F
F
F 5 F ˈ F 1- F
F F F
Theaceae F F F
1
F
ˈ F ˈ F 7 F
• Garcinia F F F F 2-12 F F F 1
F Garcinia mangostana L. Garcinia schomburgkiana Pierre
• Cratoxylum ʾ F Cratoxylum
formosum (Jack) Dyer subsp. formosum Cratoxylum formosum (Jack)
Dyer subsp. pruniflorum (Kurz) Gogel.
• Calophyllum F F F F 1 F
F Calophyllum inophyllum L. Calophyllum
thorelii Pierre

42. 41F F 2
Calophyllum inophyllum L.
Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume

43. 42 F F 2
F ICACINACEAE
F
F F F F ˈ F F F
F F ˈ F F
F F 5
F 5 ˈ F ˈ
F F 1 F F F 2 F
1 F F
F F
F F F 5 F
5 F 1 F F F 2
F F F
Aquifoliaceae 4- F F F
F
F ˁ 13 F
• Gonocaryum F F F F 2 F
F F Gonocaryum lobbianum
(Miers)Kurz
Iodes F
ˈ F F F Iodes cirrhosa
Turcz. F F Iodes vitiginea (Hance)
Hemsl.
Gomphandra F F
F 1 F F F Gomphandra
quadrifida (Blume)Sleumer var.ovalifolia
(Ridl.) Sleumer
Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) Kurz

44. 43F F 2
F ˃ ILLICIACEAE
F
F F F F F F ˈ
F ˈ F 2-3
F F ˈ
ˈ F ˈ F
ˈ F F ˈ F
F F F
F ˈ F
ˈ 1 F 1 F 1 F 1
F F ˈ F F 1 F
ˈ ʽ F
F F
F F F F F
F F F ˈ F
F F F ˈ
F
F F F
Magnoliaceae F F F F
F
F F 1
• Illicium 3 ˃ Illicium verumHook.f. F F
˃ ˁ Illicium tenuifolium (Ridl.) A.C. Sm. Illicium anisatum L.
˃ ˁ
Illicium tenuifolium (Ridl.) A.C. Sm.
˃ ˁ
Illicium tenuifolium (Ridl.) A.C. Sm.

45. 44 F F 2
F LABIATAE
F
F F F F F F F ˈ
F F F ˈ F F
F F F F 5
ˈ F ˈ F 5
ˈ F F 2 F 4 2 2
2 F F F 2 F
F (gynobasic) ˈ F
F ˈ 4 F 2 F
F 4 F (nutlets) 1 F F
F F
F F F ˈ F F
F ˈ F F 2 F 4 2
2 F 4 F
F F F
Verbenaceae F ˈ
F 4 2 2 F F ˈ ˈ
F
F 40 F
• Ocimum F F F F Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
Ocimum basilicum L. Ocimum americanum L.
• Mentha F F F F F Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen.
F F Mentha piperita L.
• Hyptis F F F F F F Hyptis brevipes Poit.
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
• Salvia F F F Salvia splendens Ker.
Salvia coccinea Buchoz ex Etl.

46. 45F F 2
F
Clerodendrum paniculatum L.
Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
F
Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz.
F
Gmelina racemosa (Lour.) Merr.
Tectona grandis L.f.
F
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br.

47. 46 F F 2
F F LENTIBULARIACEAE
F
F F ʾ ˈ F
ˈ ˈ F F
ˈ F F F F 4-5
ˈ 2-5 5 ˂ F
ʽ F ˈ F 2 F F
1 F F F
1 2 F F 1 F
F F 2
F F ˈ F F ʽ
F F
F F ˈ ˈ
F F ˈ ʽ ˈ ˈ F
2 2 F F F
F F F
Gesneriaceae F ˈ ˈ F
F F
F
F ˁ 1
• Utricularia 22 F F F Utricularia bifida L.
Utricularia delphinioidesThorelexPellegr. F F Utricularia aurea
Lour.

48. 47F F 2
F
Utricularia bifida L.
Utricularia delphinioides Thorel ex Pellegr.Utricularia minutissima Vahl
F F
Utricularia aurea Lour.

49. 48 F F 2
F LORANTHACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F ˈ F
F F
F ˈ F
F ˈ F F F ˈ F F F F
F F ˈ F F F F
ˈ F 4 6
ˈ F ˄ ˈ 5 ˂ F
F F F F
F F F
F F F F 1 1
ˈ F
F F
F F ˈ F
F F F F F F F
1
F F F
Viscaceae F F F
2-4
Santalaceae 1 4-5
F
ˈ F 12 38 F
• Dendrophthoe F Dendrophthoe falcata(L.f.)Ettingsh.
F Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.
• Helixanthera F Helixanthera cylindrica (Jack) Danser
F Helixanthera parasitica Lour.
• Scurrula F F Scurrula gracilifolia (Schult.) Danser

50. 49F F 2
F
Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.
F
Scurrula gracilifolia (Schult.) Danser
Tolypanthus pustulatus Barlow
F F
Helixanthera pulchra (DC.) Danser

51. 50 F F 2
F MALPIGHIACEAE
F
F F F F F
F F 2 F F F ˈ F
ˈ F F F
5 F F 2 F 5 F F
ˈ F F 10 F F F F
F 3 F F F
F 3 1 2 ˁ F
(schizocarp) F F ʾ
F F
F F F F F
F 5 F F F 10
F F F F F 3 F
F F F 3 ʾ
F F F
Oxalidaceae 3 F F F
5 F F F 1- F 5
F
F 6 22 F
• Hiptage F F Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz subsp.
benghalensis Hiptage lucida Pierre
• Malpighia ˈ F F F F ˆ Malpighia coccigera L.
Malpighia glabra L.
• Tristellateia ˈ F F F Tristellateia
australasiae A. Rich.

52. 51F F 2
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz
subsp. benghalensis
ˆ
Hiptage detergens Craib
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz
subsp. benghalensis
Tristellateia australasiae A. Rich.

53. 52 F F 2
F MENISPERMACEAE
F
F F F F
ˈ ˈ ˈ F
F F F F F
F 6 ˈ 2
6 ˈ F F
F F 6 ˈ F
F F F ˈ
F 3 6 F F 1 F F F 2
F 1 F 1
ˈ ˈ F ˈ F F
ˈ F F F
F F
F F
F 6 F F ˈ ˈ
F ˈ F F ˈ
F
F F F
Ranunculaceae F F F 2- F
F F F
F
F ˁ 22 F
• Cissampelos F F ʽ Cissampelos pareira L. var.
hirsuta (Buch. ex DC.) Forman F ʽ Cissampelos hispida Forman
• Stephania F F Stephania pierrei Diels Stephania
brevipes Craib
• Tinospora F Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers ex Hook.f. &
Thomson F Tinospora baenzigeri Forman

54. 53F F 2
Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch. ex DC.) Forman
Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers Cyclea varians Craib

55. 54 F F 2
F F F F NEPENTHACEAE
F
F F F ˈ F
F ˈ 2-4 ˈ ʾ F
F F ˈ
F F 2 F F F
F F F F ʾ F F 2 ʾ
F F F F F
F F F ˈ F
F ʾ ˈ F F ˈ F
ˆ F F F
ˈ F F 6-300
F F F F 4
F F 4
F 4 F F F F F F F
4-12 F F ˈ F F F 4
F F
ˈ ˈ F
6-300 F F
F F F
Droseraceae ˈ F F F
F
F
F 1 9
• Nepenthes F F F F F Nepenthes gracilis Korth.
F Nepenthes smilesii Hemsl. F F F
Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce

56. 55F F 2
F F F
Nepenthes gracilis Korth.
F F F
Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce
F F F ( )
Nepenthes gracilis Korth.
F F F ( F )
Nepenthes gracilis Korth.

57. 56 F F 2
F NYMPHAEACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F F
F F F F
ˆ ˈ F
F 4-12 F F F
3- ˈ F F 3-
F F F
1- ˈ F F
(nut) ʽ F
F F
F F F F F F F
F F F
Nelumbonaceae F F F
F ʽ F
F
F 2
Nymphaea F F Nymphaea nouchalia Burm.f.
Nymphaea pubescens Willd.
• Victoria ˈ F F F F Victoria amazonica
(Poepping) Sowerby
Nymphaea pubescens Willd. Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f.

58. 57F F 2
F ONAGRACEAE
F
F F ˈ F F F F
F F
F F
ˈ ˆ ˈ
ˈ F
F
F F F ˈ
F F ˈ
F F
4 F F F 4
F F F 8 ˈ
4 ˈ F F F
F
1 4 F F F 4 F F
1 F F 1 1 ˈ F
ˈ ˈ 4 F F F
F F
F F F 4 F 2
ˈ F ˈ F
F F F 4 F F
F 1 F F
F F F
Lythraceae F 5 F
F F
F
F F 3
• Ludwigia F F Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven
Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Excell
• Fuchsia ˈ F F F ˁ Fuchsia spp.
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven

59. 58 F F 2
F OLEACEAE
F
F F F F F F
F ˈ ˆ F
ˈ F F F
ˈ 4
ˈ 4 6-12 F
F F 2 F F
2 F F 2 F
F F 2 F 2 ˈ F
ˈ F F F ʾ
1
F F
F
ˈ 4 ˈ
4 6-12 F 2 F 2 F F F
2
F F F
Apocynaceae F 5 F 1 F
Gentianaceae F 1 F
F
F 8 F
• Jasminum ˈ F F F F Jasminum
adenophyllum Wall. ex C.B. Clarke Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton
F F
• Schrebera F F Schrebera swietenoides
Roxb. ˁ
• Fraxinus ˈ F F F F Fraxinus floribunda Wall. ex Roxb.

60. 59F F 2
Jasminum
Schrebera swietenoides Roxb.
ˆ
Jasminum nobile C.B. Clarke
F
Jasminum sambac (L.) AitonJasminum sambac (L.) Aiton
F
Fraxinus floribunda Wall. ex Roxb.

61. 60 F F 2
F PASSIFLORACEAE
F
F F F F F
ˈ F F F
F F ˈ F F
ˈ 5 F
F 5 F
F ˈ F F ˈ
F 5 2 F 1
F 3-5 F 1 F F
3 3-5 ˈ F F
F
F F
F ˈ F
F ˈ F F ˈ F
ˈ
F F F
Cucurbitaceae F F F
F
F
F 2 F F
• Adenia F Adenia penangiana (G. Don) W. J. de Wilde
• Passiflora ˈ F Passiflora foetida L.
Passiflora laurifolia L.

62. 61F F 2
Adenia penangiana (G. Don) W. J. de Wilde Adenia
Passiflora foetida L. Passiflora foetida L.

63. 62 F F 2
F PIPERACEAE
F
F F ʾ
F ˈ F F
F ˈ ˈ ˈ F F (spike)
F ˈ F F F
F F F F
F F F F F
F F 6 ˈ 2 2,
3 4 F F 2 F
1 1-4 F F 1 F 1
F 1 F 1-4 ˈ F ˈ
ˈ
F F
F F F ˈ F F
F ˈ F F F 1 F 1
ˈ
F F F
Chloranthaceae F F F F 1-3
F
F 2
• Peperomia ˈ F F F F 2 F
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth
• Piper F F 2-6 F Piper betle L.
Piper chaba Hunt

64. 63F F 2
F
Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Piper chaba Hunt
Piper longum L.
Piper betle L.
Piper nigrum L.
Peperomia pellucida (L.)
Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth

65. 64 F F 2
F PEDALIACEAE
F
F F ʾ F
ˈ F F F F
ˈ F
F
F F F
F F F
5 ˈ 5
5 ˈ
F ˈ 5
F 4
F 4 2 F
F
F
2 F
1 F 1 F
F F
F F F F F
F 4
F F F
Scrophulariaceae ˈ ʽ 2 F F
2 F
F
ˈ F 1
• Sesamum F F Sesamum orientale L.
Sesamum orientale L.

66. 65F F 2
F PLANTAGINACEAE
F
F F ʾ
ˈ F
ˆ F F F ˈ
F ˈ F
F F F
F F F 1
4
F 4
ˈ 4 F F
F 4 F
F 1
2 F F 2 F
F F
1 ˈ 2
ˈ F F F ˈ
F F
F F ˈ ˈ F F F
F ˈ F F ˈ F F F
F 4 ˈ 4 F
F 4 F F 2 F F
F ˈ
F F F
Buddlejaceae F F F ˈ F
F ˈ F
F
F F ˈ F
1
• Plantago F F Plantago major L. Plantago
ovata Forssk. ˈ F
F
Plantago major L.

67. 66 F F 2
F F POLYGONACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F
F ˈ F F ˈ F
ˈ F F F
F F 5-6 ˈ
F F F F ʾ
F F ˈ F 6-9
F F F
1 2-3 F F 1 F 1
F 1-3 ˈ F
ˈ F F F F
F F
F F
F F F F F ˈ F F 5-6
F ˈ F F 1 F 1
F F F
F F F
Plumbaginaceae F ˈ F F 5 F
F
F F F 7 F
• Polygonum ˈ F F F F Polygonum flaccidum Meissn.
F Polygonum odoratum Lour. ˈ
• Rumex ˈ F F F F Rumex crispus L.

68. 67F F 2
F
Polygonum barbatum L.
Polygonum
F
Polygonum flaccidum Meissn.

69. 68 F F 2
F PORTULACACEAE
F
F F ʾ ˈ
F ˈ F F
ˈ ˈ F ˈ F
F F
F F F F F 2
4-6 F
F 4-6 ˈ F ˈ F
F F F
1 2 3 F F F 1
F F F F
F ˈ F F
F
F F
F F F F F F 2
ˈ F F 4-6 F
F F F
Nyctaginaceae ˈ F F
F F F
F
F F 2
• Portulaca F F FPortulaca oleraceaL. Portulaca
quadrifida L. F Portulaca pilosa subsp. grandiflora (Hook.)
Geesink
• Talinum F F Talinum fruticosum(L.)Juss. Talinum
paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.

70. 69F F 2
F
Portulaca oleracea L.
F
Portulaca oleracea L.

71. 70 F F 2
F F RANUNCULACEAE
F
F F ʾ ˈ F F F
ˈ F F F
F F ˈ ˈ F F
ˈ F
5 F F F F
F 5 ˈ F ˈ ˈ
F ˈ F
ˈ F F F F
F ˈ F F
F F F 1 F
1- F F 1
ˈ 2 ˈ F F F F
F F
F F F F F F
ˈ F F F F
F F F F F
F
F F F
Berberidaceae F F F ˈ 2 F
F 3 F
F
F 5 F
• Clematis ˈ F F F Clematis smilacifolia Wall.
• Delphinium ˈ F F F F Delphinium siamense
(Craib) Munz
• Naravelia F F Naravelia laurifolia Wall. ex Hook.f. &
Thomson Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC.

72. 71F F 2
F
Clematis smilacifolia Wall. Naravelialaurifolia Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson
F
Delphinium siamense (Craib) Munz

73. 72 F F 2
F RAFFLESIACEAE
F
F F ˈ F ˈ F F F F
F F F
F F
ˈ 4-5 F F F F
F ˈ F ˈ F F 4-8
F 1 F F F F
F F
F ʽ F F
F
F ˁ 4 F
• Sapria F F Sapria himalayana Griff.
Sapria poilanei Gagnep.
• Rafflesia F F Rafflesia kerrii Meijer
• Mitrastemma F F Mitrastemma yamamotoi Makino
.
• Rhizanthes F F Rhizanthes zippelii (Blume) Spach
Rhizanthes infanticida Banziger & B. Hansen
Sapria himalayana Griff. Rhizanthes
.
..

74. 73F F 2
F F TURNERACEAE
F
F F F F F F F ˈ
F ˈ F F ˈ F
F 5 F F
5 F F 5
F F F 2 F
1 3 F F 1 F
F 3
ˈ F F
F F
F F F F F 5
F F 3 F F F
F
F F F
Violaceae F F F F F 3
F
ˈ F 1
Turnera 2 ˈ F ˈ F F F F
Turnera subulataG.E.
Sm. F
Turnera ulmifolia L.
F
Turnera ulmifolia L.

75. 74 F F 2
F F SANTALACEAE
F
F F F F F ˈ F F
F ˈ F F
ˈ F F ˈ F F F
F
ˈ 3-5 F F ˈ
F 3-5 F 2 F
ˈ F F F 1
F F F F 5-12 F 1-5 F F
ˈ F F
ˈ 4-5 ˈ
(pyrene) F F
1-
F F
ˈ ˈ 3-5
F F ˈ F 3-5
F F
F F F
Loranthaceae - ˈ 2 2 F 2-3
ˈ ˈ
F
F
F ˁ ˁ
F 2,000 . 7 13 F
• Scleropyrum ˈ F F F F Scleropyrum wallichianum
(Wight&Arn.)Arn.
• Dendrotrophe F F Dendrotrophe varians (Blume) Miq.

76. 75F F 2
F
Dendrotrophe varians (Blume) Miq.
F
Dendrotrophe buxifolia (Blume) Miq.
Scleropyrum wallichianum (Wight & Arn.) Arn.

77. 76 F F 2
F SOLANACEAE
F
F F ʾ ˈ F F F F F
ˈ ˈ F
F F 5
ˈ 5 F F ˈ
5 ˈ F
ˈ 5 F 5 F F
F ˈ F
1 2 F F 2 F
F F 1 2
F F
F F
F F F F F F
ˈ F F 5 F 2 F
F F
F F F
Hydrophyllaceae F ˈ F F
F ˈ F
F
F 12
• Capsicum ˈ F F F F F Capsicum annuum
L. var. annuum Capsicum frutescens L. var. frutescens
• Solanum F F F Solanum incanum L. Solanum
melongena L.

78. 77F F 2
F
Solanum incanum L.
F
Solandra grandiflora Sw.
F
Solanum trilobatum L.
Capsicum frutescens L. var. frutescens Capsicum frutescens L. var. frutescens
Solanum stramonifolium Jacq.
Solanum spirale Roxb.

79. 78 F F 2
F ULMACEAE
F
F F F F ˈ F F
ˆ
ˈ F F F F
F 4-8
ˈ F F F
1 2 F
F 1 F 1 F 2
ˈ F ʾ
F F
F F F F
F F
F 2 F
F F F
Moraceae 4-5 F 1-5 F
Urticaceae F ˈ
F
F F 3
• Celtis F F F F F Celtis timorensis Span.
Celtis philippensis Blanco
• Gironniera F F Gironniera nervosa
Planch.
• Trema F F F Trema orientalis
(L.) Blume ˈ F F
• Ulmus F ʾ F Ulmus lanceolata Roxb. ex Wall.

80. 79F F 2
F
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume
Gironniera nervosa Planch.
Celtis philippensis Blanco Ulmus lancaefolia Roxb. ex Wall.
F F
Celtis timorensis Span
Gironniera nervosa Planch.

81. 80 F F 2
F UMBELLIFERAE
F
F F ʾ F F F F F ˈ F
F
ˈ F F ˈ F
ˈ F F ˈ F
F F
F 5 ˈ ˆ ˈ
F F 5 F
F F F 5 F F
F F 1 2
F 2 F F F F F 1 F 2
F F ˈ 2 F F F 1
F F
F F F ˈ F F F F
ˈ F ˈ F F 5
F 5 F F 2 F F F 1 F ˈ 2
F F F 1
F F F
Araliaceae 2-5 F F 2-5 F F F
F
F
15 ˈ
• Centella F F Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
• Coriandrum F F Coriandrum sativum L.
• Eryngium F F Eryngium foetidum L.
Hydrocotyle F Hydrocotyle javanica Ponten ex Thunb.
F F Hydrocotyle umbellata L.

82. 81F F 2
F F
Hydrocotyle umbellata L.
Hydrocotyle javanica Ponten ex Thunb.
Eryngium foetidum L.
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

83. 82 F F 2
F F URTICACEAE
F
F F F F F F F F
F ˈ F
ˆ ˈ F F F F
ˈ F F F
F F F F F F 4-5 F
ˈ
F F F F
F F F ˈ
1 2 F F F
F ˁ F F 1 F
F 1 2 F F F 1
ˈ F ˈ F F F
F F
F ˈ F F F
ˈ F F F F 1 F 1
F F F
F F F
Moraceae 2
Ulmaceae 2
F
F F 15
• Boehmeria F F F Boehmeria chiangmaiensisYahara F ˁ
Boehmeria macrophylla D. Don
• Debregeasia F F Debregeasia velutina Gaudich F
Debregeasia wallichiana (Wedd.) Wedd.
• Dendrocnide F F Dendrocnide sinuata (Roxb.) Nees
F Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f.) Chew

84. 83F F 2
Debregeasia longifolia Wedd.
F
Girardinia diversifolia (Link.) Friis
Dendrocnide

85. 84 F F 2
F F VITACEAE
F
F F F ˈ F F F F
F ˈ F F
F F F F
F 5 F 4 5 F ˈ
F 4 5
F F F 4 5 F
F F F ˈ
1 2 F F 2 F
F F F F 1 2 F
F 1 1 ˈ ˈ F
F F 1-4
F F
F F F F ˈ F F
F F F
F 4 5
F 4 5 F F F
1-4
F F F
Rhamnaceae F F F F
ˈ F F F F
F
F F 10
• Cissus F Cissus carnosa Roxb. Cissus
quadrangularis L.
• Tetrastigma F F Tetrastigma leucostaphyllum(Dennst.)
Mabb. F ˁ Tetrastigma quadrangulatum Gagnep. & Craib
• Vitis ˈ F F F F F Vitis vinifera L.

86. 85F F 2
Pterisanthes cissoides Blume
Ampelocissus martinii Planch.
Ampelocissus martinii Planch.
Tetrastigma Tetrastigma
Cissus discolor BlumeCissus quadrangularis L.

87. 86 F F 2
F ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F ˈ F F 1 F
F ˈ 2
F ˈ F F
4-5 4-5
F F 5, 10 15
F F F 5 F F 4-5
F F F 2- F
1 F F ˈ ʾ
F F
2 1 F F
ˈ F F F F F
4-5 F F
F
F F 2
• Tribulus 2 F F Tribulus cistoides L.
Tribulus terrestris L.
• Guaiacum 1 F ˈ F F F F F F Guaiacum
officinale L.
Tribulus terrestris L.Tribulus cistoides L.

88. F . 2545. F F. , .
. 2546. F F - . F, .
F F ˁ F ˁ F. 2544. F F F
F . , .
Balgooy,M.M.J.1998. MalesianSeedPlants.Rijksherbarium/HortusBotanicus,Leiden,
The Netherlands.
Jones, S. B. & A. E. Luchsinger. 1987. Plant Systematics. Second edition. McGraw-Hill
International Editions, Singapore.
Judd, Walter S. & Campbell, Christopher S. & Kellogg, Elizabeth A. 1999. Plant
Systematics-APhylogenetic,Approach. SinauerAssociates,Inc.,Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
Keng, Hsuan. 1969. Malayan Seed Plants. University of Malaya Press, Singapore.
Lawrence, George H. M. 1951. Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. Macmillan, New York.
Zomlefer,WendyB.1994. GuidetoFloweringPlantFamilies. UniversityofNorthCarolina
Press,U.S.A.