Men and machines, by Ernst Hans Josef Gombrich: ELENA HERNÁNDEZ
1. Elena Hernández Conejero
Teacher: Marina H.
UNIT 3. Language Skills in History: SUMMARISING
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Men and machines, by Ernst Hans Josef Gombrich
MY SUMMARY
Some countries tried to return splendor like it was before The French
Revolution. Noblemen enjoyed it, citizens were excluded from politics,
however they occupied themselves with music… (Austrian and
Biedermeirer era).
Galileo had an idea of a mathematical approach to the study of nature,
(time of Enlightenment) All history about inventions is not simple, it
started with ideas, they sometimes were carried on, or not, they
sometimes worked or not.
Steam Engine, finally in 1769, by James Watt. During 1802, 1803,
1815… more experiments were carried out in America, England… For
example, the railway, also in India.
But things didn't always work out for everyone. With the arrival of the
machines, many artisans and workers lost their jobs, since they were
better, faster and in the long run cost less for the factories.
Death penalty was introduced in England in 1812. Socialism appeared,
Karl Marx, one of the most famous socialists; he said there were no
longer any real occupations, there were two classes of people. Capitals
and proletarians, those who owned and those who didn´t.
Marx published `The Communist Manifesto´ in 1848, the situation was
different. Also in 1848, there was a new revolution in Paris. Finally the
Old Regime was definitely over, factories were allowed to spring up and
railways transported goods in ever increasing quantities from one
country to another.