Qualitative research aims to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons behind people's actions by investigating the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Researchers may use approaches like grounded theory, narratology, ethnography or shadowing to collect data. Quantitative research refers to the systematic study of social phenomena using statistical, mathematical or computational techniques to develop and test hypotheses and theories, with measurement being central to quantify relationships between variables.