Comparative analysis of Wavelet Packet based MC-CDMA with the Conventional MC-CDMA using HHT tool

1. Comparative analysis of Wavelet
Packet based MC-CDMA with the
Conventional MC-CDMA using HHT
tool
Guided by: Presented by:
Mr. Manish Sharma Rajni Jainwal
Assistant professor M.Tech (2nd year)
Sanghvi Institute of Management and Science, Indore

2. OUTLINE
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Literature survey
 Rationale
 Problem statement
 Methodology
 Expected outcomes
 Progress so far
 References

3. 3
ABSTRACT
Conventional Multi-Carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) technique have become
researcher’s hotspots due to its high frequency spectrum efficiency and
high data rate transmission. We propose a orthogonal wavelet packet based
on MC-CDMA system with conventional MC-CDMA Technique.Wavelet
Packet is a MC-CDMA (WP-MC-CDMA) based system and it is superior
to the conventional MC-CDMA with cyclic prefix (CP) in terms of BER
using MATLAB and HHT Tool, Because Hilbert Huang transform is a data
and Spectral Analysis Tool. In this application of space-time coding
technique significantly improves the system ability to Channel fading and
various Interference.Therefore the WP-MC-CDMA system has
comparative superiority to MC-CDMA using HHT tool.

4. 4
INTRODUCTION
 MIMO-OFDM.
 Conventional CDMA.
 Conventional MC-CDMA.
 Wavelet Packet MC CDMA.
 Characteristic of MC CDMA and MIMO-OFDM.
 Advantages of MC CDMA.
 Limitations of MC CDMA .
 Drawback of Conventional packet wavelet MC CDMA
 Comparison between conventional MC CDMA and wavelet packet
based MC CDMA.
 wavelet packet based different modulation techniques .

5. 5
MIMO-OFDM
Definition
When generated OFDM signal is transmitted through a number of
antennas in order to achieve diversity or cap any gain (higher Transmission
rate) then it is known as MIMO-OFDM.

6. Block Diagram
MIMO - OFDM

7. ADVANTAGE OF MIMO-OFDM
 Less interference
 Diversity gain
 Increase data capacity
 Power efficiency
 Bandwidth gain

8. LIMITATIONS OF MIMO OFDM
 Antenna spacing must be appropriate depending on the type of channels.
 Very complex transmitter and receiver.

9. 9
CONVENTIONAL CDMA
 Code Division Multiple Access - CDMA Multiple users occupying the
same band by having different codes is known as CDMA - Code Division
Multiple Access system .
 Let W - spread bandwidth in Hz R = 1/T b = Date Rate S - received power
of the desired signal in W J - received power for undesired signals like
multiple access users.

10. 10
Conventional MC CDMA
 Frequency domain spreading
 Orthogonality condition with the minimum frequency separation.
 In a (synchronous) down-link mobile radio communication channel, we
can use Hada Mard Walsh codes as an optimum orthogonal set.
 It can be implemented via OFDM technique.
 It’s a potential candidate for the 4th wireless communication system.

11. MULTI CARRIER TRANSMISSION
AND OFDM
 Transmit high data rate in a mobile environment
 Multi-carrier transmission
 Multi-carrier transmission and OFDM
 Multi-carrier transmission
 Multi-carrier concept
 Orthogonality
 OFDM
 Using FFT device without increasing the transmitter and
receiver complexities
 High spectral efficiency due to minimally densely subcarrier
spacing

12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OFDM AND
MC-CDMA
 OFDMA
 Assignment of one or several sub-carriers to each user.
 User-data symbols are allocated directly to channel resources and
therefore offers no diversity without channel coding.
 MC-CDMA
 Transmits in parallel chips of a spread data symbol on different sub-
carriers
 Spreads the user data symbol energy over all channel resources and
therefore offers diversity.
 Trade-off between the negative impact of MAI and the positive effect
of frequency diversity

13. DRAWBACK OF COVENTIONAL MC
CDMA.
Conventional MC-CDMA systems are based on sinusoidal carriers, which
have the following inherent disadvantages:
 Degrading the system performance and causing ICI problems.
 Minimum frequency separation between each sub carrier at the same time.
 Time diversity

14. LIMITATION OF MC CDMA
1.Detection Problems.
2.Carrier Problems.
3.Channel Fading Problems.
4. power control problem .

15. WAVELET PACKET BASED MC
CDMA
 Negligible side lobe energy leakage.
 Suppressing interference caused by ICI and Multiple Access Interference
(MAI).
 Naturally orthogonal and well localized in both time and frequency
domains.
 Relaxes the requirement of frequency or time guard between different user
signals.
 orthogonality is maintained for overlapped wavelet packets in both time
and frequency domains.
 This is an advantage of using wavelet packets to model communication
channels that are characterized by not only frequency selectivity but also
time variation.

16. CHARACTSTICS OF WAVELET
PACKET
Wavelet Packets and their Characteristics;-
 For data compression analysis.
 Effect of non-ideal conditions.
 Frequency selective channel .
 The received signal from several paths, carrying the same information, are
assumed to be uncorrelated.

17. COMPARISION BETWEEN
CONVENTIONAL MC-CDMA AND WAVELET
PACKET BASED MC-CDMA
WAVELET PACKET BASED MC CDMA
 Effect of non-ideal conditions.
 Timing and carrier frequency offset.
 Synchronization.
 Peak-to-average power ratio.
 Perfect power control.
 All received signal from several paths, carrying the same information, are
uncorrelated.
MC-CDMA
Receiver employ all the received signal energy.
 Combination of CDMA-OFDM to provide multi user capability
 Simple receiver structure.
 Frequency Diversity avoids deep fades

18. FADING CHANNEL
 An AWGN channel is a adds white Gaussian noise to the signal that passes
through it. An AWGN channel is typically described by quantities such as
Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) per sample and this is the actual input
parameter to the AWGN function.
 bit error ratio (BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number
of transferred bits during a studied time interval.
BER= Error/ total number of bit
 The signal components arriving via different propagation paths may add
destructively, resulting in a phenomenon called signal fading.

19. WAVELET PACKET BASED DIFFERENT
MODULATION TECHNIQUES
 Binary phase shift key.
 Q phase shift key.
 Hilbert Transform.
 Huang Hilbert Transform.

20. LITERATURE SURVEY
 H. Umadevi and K.S. Gurumurthy
OFDM Technique for Multi-carrier Modulation (MCM) Signaling
Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2011
This paper demonstrates the operation of a Wavelet Packet based multi-carrier
modulation (WP-MCM) scheme performance of the system is simulated and analyzed
for the AWGN channel. Through simulation results, we demonstrate the efficacy and
the flexibility of the proposed wavelet packet based mechanism. The Bit Error rate
(BER) performance is shown to be comparable, and even at times better, to
conventional Fourier based OFDM. Comparison of different family of wavelets has
been carried out and Meyer wavelet seems to be the most suitable wavelet through
simulation results.

21. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 K. Fazel and S. Kaiser
Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems
John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The book deals with the principles through definitions of basic technologies and
the multi path channel over which the signals are transmitted. It defines MC-
CDMA as a frequency PN pattern and MC-DS-CDMA as a straight extension of
DS-CDMA; and argues that these twin asymmetric technologies are most
suitable for 4G since MC-CDMA is suitable for the downlink and MC-DS-CDMA
is suitable for the uplink in the cellular systems. Although MC-CDMA performs
better than MC-DS-CDMA, it needs chip synchronization between users, and is
therefore difficult to deploy in the uplink. Thus, for this asymmetric structure it is
very important to understand the multi-carrier spread spectrum methods. Hybrid
multiple access schemes like Multi-Carrier FDMA, Multi-Carrier TDMA, and Ultra
Wide Band systems are discussed as more extended systems. Implementation
issues, including synchronization, channel estimation, and RF issues, are also
discussed in depth.

22. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Kattoush A. H. & Qasaymeh M. M.
Design and Simulation of MC-CDMA Transceiver via Slantlet Transform
I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2012
Wireless communications is a rapidly growing piece of the communications manufacturing,
with the potential to provide high-speed high-quality information exchange between the
portable devices located anywhere in the world. Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple
Access (MC-CDMA) has emerged recently as a promising candidate for the next
generation broad-band mobile networks. Recently, it was found that Slantlet transform
(SLT) based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is capable to reduce the
Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and the Inter Carrier Interference (ICI), which are caused by
the loss of orthogonality between the sub- carriers. SLT-OFDM can support higher
spectrum efficiency than Fast Fourier Transform-based OFDM (FFT-OFDM) due to the
elimination of the Cyclic Prefix (CP). In this paper, a novel SLT-MC-CDMA transceiver
design is presented based on the SLT-OFDM that is used as a basic building block in the
design of MC-CDMA transceiver to maintain the orthogonality against the multi- path
frequency Selective Fading Channels (SFC). Simulation results are provided to
demonstrate the significant gain in the performance of the proposed technique. The Bit
Error Rate (BER) of SLT-MC-CDMA scheme is compared with FFT-MC-CDMA and tested
in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Flat Fading and Selective Fading Channels
(SFH). The simulation results confirmed that, the proposed system outperforms the
reference one.

23. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Heidi Steendam and Marc Moeneclaey
Performance of a Flexible Form of MC-CDMA in a Cellular System
Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing, University of
Ghent.
In this contribution, we investigate a variant of the traditional MC-CDMA system in the case
of downlink communication. In the proposed MC-CDMA system, we can independently
select the number of chips per symbol (Nchip), the number of carriers (N carr) and the FFT
length (NFFT), so the available resources can be used more effectively. The bandwidth of
this flexible MC- CDMA system is proportional to Nchip, while the spectral density of the
power spectrum is inversely proportional to Nchip: the transmitted power is independent of
Nchip. Furthermore, the flexible MC-CDMA system spreads the power of a small band
interferer over a large bandwidth, so the immunity of the system to small band interferers
increases for increasing Nchip. In the presence of a dispersive channel and for the number
of users equal to Nchip, the powers of the useful component, the interference and noise
are independent of the number of chips per symbol, while an optimal guard interval can be
found that maximizes the performance.

24. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Dr. Salih M. Salih, M.Sc. Yahya J. Harbi, Talib Mahmoud Ali
A Proposed Improvement Model for MC-CDMA in Selective Fading
Channel
Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences , 2009
In this paper, a proposed model based on phase matrix rotation was suggested
to improve the performance of Multi carrier-Code Division Multiple Access (MC-
CDMA) lies in Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm under the Additive White
Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and frequency selective fading channel. This model is
used to reduce the effect of multi path fading. The results extracted by a
computer simulation for a single user, then it compared with the original
technique for MC-CDMA based on FFT for both systems. As a result, it can be
seen from the proposed technique that a high performance improvement was
obtained over the conventional MC-CDMA, where the Bit Error Rate (BER) is
widely reduced under different channel characteristics for frequency selective
fading and the AWGN channel.

25. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Swati Sharma and Sanjeev Kumar
BER Performance Evaluation of FFT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM
International Journal of Network and Mobile Technologies
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a special form of multi
carrier transmission which has found its application in a number of wireless and
wire line systems. In an OFDM scheme, a large number of orthogonal,
overlapping, narrow band sub-channels or sub carriers, transmitted in parallel,
divide the available transmission bandwidth. The separation of the sub carriers
is theoretically minimal such that there is a very compact spectral utilization.
This paper presents the overview and then the performance evaluation results
of an OFDM system by using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Discrete
Wavelet Transform (DWT). The results presented in the paper are based on
computer simulations performed using Matlab; a highly efficient tool for different
applications.

26. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 P. M. Grant, A. C. McCormick, J. S. Thompson, T. Arslan and A. T.
Er dogan
Optimizing the Implementation of a FFT-based Multi carrier CDMA
receiver
EPSRC Grant No. GR/L/ 98091
Implementation aspects of a multi carrier code division multiple access
(MC-CDMA) receiver with software- configurable power consumption is
discussed. This receiver allows the power consumption to be reduced
at the expense of an increase in processing delay. This delay may be
important in real time response applications such as voice
communications but not in other applications such as downloading data
and therefore the power consumption can be optimised to the traffic.
Power reduction is achieved at the cost of increased receiver latency.
The performance of MC-CDMA receivers is also briefly discussed at the
end of the paper.

27. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Alexandre P. Almeida Member, IEEE , 2Rui Dinis, 3Francisco B.
Cercas, Member, IEEE
An FFT-based Acquisition Scheme for DS-CDMA Systems
IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory.
This paper introduces an efficient acquisition/correlation technique for
DS-CDMA systems using a frequency-domain approach employing
TCH- based training blocks (Tomlison, Cercas and Hughes). The
classical time-domain active acquisition technique is compared with the
proposed passive matched-filter type frequency domain technique.
Moreover using the fact that an N-point Discrete Fourier Transform
(DFT) can be partitioned into M smaller DFTs, we present a procedure
for simultaneous decoding/despreading and synchronization that switch
between 16 bit-length and 256 bit-length cyclic codes thus providing
code rate variability.

28. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Anil Kumar Dubey, Gourav Vashistha, Parveen
reanalysis of ber for wavelet based mc-cdma communication
IJCSMS International Journal of Computer Science & Management
Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 01, May 2011
As demand for higher data rates is continuously rising, there is always a need
to develop more efficient wireless communication systems. The work
described in this paper is my effort in this direction. We developed and
evaluated a wavelet packet based multi carrier CDMA wireless
communication system. In this system design a set of wavelet packets are
used as the modulation waveforms in a multi carrier CDMA system. The
need for cyclic prefix is eliminated in the system design due to the good
orthogonality and time-frequency localization properties of the wavelet
packets. Wavelet Packets have good properties such as orthogonality and
multirate flexibility, and have resulted in a number of works for its applications to
code division multiple access communications.

29. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Labib Francis Gergis
Performance of MC-MC CDMA Systems With Nonlinear Models of HPA
International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 3, No. 1,
February 2011
A new wireless communication system denoted as Multi-Code Multi-Carrier
CDMA (MC-MC CDMA), which is the combination of Multi-Code CDMA and
Multi-Carrier CDMA, is analyzed in this paper. This system can satisfy multi-rate
services using multi-code schemes and muticarrier services used for high rate
transmission. The system is evaluated using Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier
(TWTA). This type of amplifiers continue to offer the best microwave high power
amplifiers (HPA) performance in terms of power efficiency, size and cost, but lag
behind Solid State Power Amplifiers (SSPA's) in linearity. This paper presents a
technique for improving TWTA linearity. The use of pre-distorter (PD)
linearization technique is described to provide TWTA performance comparable
or superior to conventional SSPA's. The characteristics of the PD scheme is
derived based on the extension of Saleh's model for HPA.

30. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Ing. Tomáš KAŠPAREC
comparison of wavelet packets in multi- carrier cdma
communication
Doctoral Degreee Programme (2) Dept. of Radio Electronics,
FEEC, BUT
This article introduces using wavelet packet transform instead
Fourier transform in multi-carrier communication. Articles form
this field devote mostly with Haar or Daubeschies mother
wavelet. In this article different types of mother wavelet have
been used and compared in flat Rayleigh channel.

31. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Xiangbin Yu, Guangguo Bi
Performance of Turbo-coded MC-CDMA System Based on Complex Wavelet Packet
in Rayleigh Fading Channel
National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University
Nanjing, 210096, China.
In this paper, on the hasis of analyzing the principle of multi-carrier code division multiple
access (MC-CDMA) technique, by employing the optimized complex wavelet packet as
multi-carrier modulation and the turbo codes as channel coding, we propose a novel MC-
CDMA system based on complex wavelet packet and turbo coding, and investigate the
system hit error rate (BER) performance in Rayleigh fading channel. The system can
overcome the decrease of spectrum efficiency and energy of conventional MC-CDMA due
to inserting cyclic prefix (CP); and make full use of the turbo codes’ good capacity against
fading channel to improve the BER performance further. Theoretical analysis and
simulation results all show that the proposed system outperforms conventional MC-CDMA
system, and its performance is superior to that of the conventional MC-CDMA with CP.
Meanwhile, the application of turbo coding strengthens the system ability to cope with
multi-path fading and multi-access interference (MAI) significantly

32. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Prof Ali A. A. MIEEE, MComSoc Department of Electrical
Engineering, Isra University, Amman Jordan
Discrete Wavelet Transform Based Wireless Digital
Communication Systems
The improved performance of MC-DS-CDMA system using STBC
schemes and DWT is investigated. The performance comparisons of
BER performance for the conventional MC- DS-CDMA based on FFT,
STBC MC-DS-CDMA and DWT based STBC MC-DS-CDMA in the
different channel models together with their comparison for best
achievable BER have been presented. Simulation results were provided
to demonstrate that significant gains can be achieved by introducing
such combination technique with very little decoding complexity.
Therefore, the DWT based STBC MC-DS-CDMA is a feasible way to
reach the next generation of wireless communication for large data
rates and applications

33. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Abbas Kattoush
A Novel Radon-Wavelet-Based Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access Transceiver Design
and Simulation under Different Channel Conditions
The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 9, No. 3, May 2012
Wireless digital communication networks are rapidly expanding resulting in a demand for reliable and
high spectral efficiency systems. Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) has emerged
recently as a promising candidate for the next generation broad-band mobile networks. Also it was found
recently that Radon-discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) is capable of reducing the Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and the Inter Carrier Interference (ICI),
which are caused by the loss of orthogonality between the carriers. Radon-DWT-OFDM can also support
much higher spectrum efficiency than Fast Fourier Transform-based OFDM (FFT- OFDM). In this paper
a novel Radon-DWT-MC-CDMA transceiver design will be presented based on the Radon-DWT-OFDM
that is used as a basic building block in the design of MC-CDMA transceiver to increase the orthogonality
against the multi- path frequency selective fading channels. Simulation results are provided to
demonstrate the significant gains in performance and simplicity due to the proposed technique. The Bit
Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed Radon-DWT-MC-CDMA scheme was compared with that
of FFT based MC-CDMA, Radon based MC-CDMA, and Discrete Multiwavelet Transform (DMWT) based
CDMA and tested in AWGN, Flat fading and Selective fading channels. The simulation results showed
that proposed system outperforms the other systems.

34. LITERATURE SURVEY(CON.)
 Md. Matiqul Islam, M. Hasnat Kabir and Sk. Enayet Ullah
Performance Analysis of Wavelet Based MC-CDMA System with
Implementation of Various Antenna Diversity Schemes
International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer
Science (IJRRCS)
The impact of using wavelet based technique on the performance of a
MC-CDMA wireless communication system has been investigated. The
system under proposed study incorporates Walsh Hadamard codes to
discriminate the message signal for individual user. A computer
program written in Math lab source code is developed and this
simulation study is made with implementation of various antenna
diversity schemes and fading (Rayleigh and Rician) channel. Computer
simulation results demonstrate that the proposed wavelet based MC-
CDMA system outperforms in Alamouti (two transmit antenna and one
receive antenna) under AWGN and Rician channel.

35. RATIONALE
MC-CDMA systems has some Drawbacks:
 Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) problems.
 Minimizes Inter-Sub stream Interference (ISSI) Data service up to the
rate of 2Mbps. .
 Low transmission rates .
 Near-far effect problem.
In this paper we propose the Wavelet packet MC - CDMA
system. Because this system overcomes the drawbacks and limitations of
Conventional MC - CDMA system.

36. RATIONALE(CON.)
 The Traditional Fourier transform based Multi-
channel Code division Multiple access has currently
drawn most of attention in the area of wireless
communication.
 To combat ISI and ICI, cyclic prefix is inserted
between MC-CDMA symbols which take around 25
percent of bandwidth, We are proposing Wavelet
packet based MC-CDMA in order to further improve
bandwidth efficiency (spectral efficiency) and reduce
the level of interference (Inter symbol Interference
and Inter channel Interference).

37. 37
PROBLEM STATEMENT
“Comparison Analysis of wavelet packet based MC CDMA and conventional
MC-CDMA Technique using HHT tool.”

38. METHODOLOGY
 Simulation of CDMA Technology with fading channel.
 Simulation of MIMO OFDM in mat lab.
 Simulation of MC CDMA.
 Wavelet packet based MC CDMA.
 Simulation for the same various modulation techniques.
 Comparison of wavelet packet CDMA for various wavelet functions.
 Power spectrum of MC CDMA.

39. METHODOLOGY(CON.)
This research is divided into three phases.
The initial phase involves designing the simulation model to be used
for obtaining data. The simulation will mimic a given
communication system and its process. Once developed, the
algorithm will be applied to the given scenario and then simulated in
order to analyze the proposed methods.
The second phase consists of developing the specifics of the
algorithm. This involves devising the logic details as well as the
details pertaining to the comm. network. This phase is the focus of
the study and therefore requires the most detail and explanation.
Finally, the proposed method will be analyzed and compared to a
current method . The comparison will involve the simulation model
being applied to an multiplexing Technique. The complete
methodology will be described in detail in result section.

40. 40
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
1. The SNIR performance for WP-MC CDMA system.
2. Effect of Mean Energy-to-Noise Power Spectral Density.
4. Number of Wavelet Packets Super streams.
4. Bit Error Rate Performance comparison.

41. 41
PROGRESS SO FAR
We studied about the problem statement and find out what actually we have
to do also we find the tool on which we are doing work presently.

42. 42
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48. 48
THANK YOU