Comparative analysis of Wavelet Packet based MC-CDMA with the Conventional MC-CDMA using HHT tool

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LITERATURE SURVEY
1. Umadevi and K.S.Gurumurthy OFDM Technique for Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM)
Signaling Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2011.
OFDM is new multicarrier modulation (MCM) method. It possesses solid benefit of
being a universal communication system and its real features could be extensively modified to
accomplish numerous necessities as well as limitations of an innovative transmission scheme.
Wavelet packet functions are assumed as carriers having the features of decent orthogonality as
well as time frequency localization. It is realized from theoretic examination as well as software
experimentation that multi-carrier modulation and demodulation method which is based on
wavelet packet transform possess exclusive benefit in addition to abundant prospective in
refining the performance of scheme. This study shows the process of a WP-MCM system.
Multistage tree-structured par unitary filter banks are used to derive the wavelet packets by
selecting the correct tree organization that will diminish the BER among the anticipated and
obtained signal for a specific channel situation. The experiment for the scheme has been
performed and examined for the AWGN channel. Considering the experimental outcomes, the
authors validate the effectiveness as well as the dynamicity of the suggested wavelet packet
based method. The BER is displayed to be equivalent, sometimes superior, to traditional Fourier
based OFDM. Contrast of dissimilar wavelets was done and out of these Meyer wavelet appears
as the maximum appropriate wavelet via experimental outcomes.
2. Fazel and S.Kaiser Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems John Wiley & Sons
Ltd.
The chapters in this book explains MC-CDMA like a frequency PN design whereas MC-
DS-CDMA is explained like a simple modification to DS-CDMA. Authors also debate that the
above mentioned matching asymmetric techniques are best appropriate for 4G as the former one
is appropriate in case of downlink. On the other hand, the latter one is considered appropriate for
the uplink in the cellular structures. Though the former technique does superior than the latter
technique, it requires chip management among users. This is the reason for its problematic
deployment in the uplink. Therefore, recognition of multi-carrier spread spectrum procedures is
important for this asymmetric arrangement. Hybrid multiple access systems are explained as
comprehensive schemes. Application questions, comprising synchronization, channel
approximation, as well as RF concerns.

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3. Attoush A.H. & Qasaymeh M.M. Design and Simulation of MC-CDMA Transceiver via
Slantlet Transform I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2012.
MC-CDMA has appeared lately as a likely contender for the subsequent gen mobile
networks. Lately, it was observed that SLT-OFDM is proficient to lessen the ISI as well as the
ICI. These interferences are produced due to the orthogonality getting lost among the sub-
carriers. SLT based OFDM has the capacity to sustain greater spectrum effectiveness as equated
to FFT-OFDM because of the removal of the CP. In this article, a different SLT-MC-CDMA
transmitter and receiver structure is put forward considering SLT-OFDM as the base. This design
is further used as an elementary building block while designing MC-CDMA’s transmitter and
receiver to preserve the orthogonality keeping in mind the impact of the multi-path frequency
Selective Fading Channels (SFC). Experimental outcomes are given to validate the substantial
improvement of the suggested method. The SLT-MC-CDMA system’s BER is equated with
FFT-MC-CDMA as well as verified in different channels. The experimental consequences
established that, the recommended scheme beats the existing technique.
4. Nathan Yee and Jean-Paul Linnartz Multi-Carrier CDMA in an Indoor Wireless Radio
Channel University of California at Berkeley.
Sighting a swelling rise in demand for private wireless radio communications in the
historical period, technical improvements has seen an increasing necessity to fulfil these
requirements. Upcoming technology should permit managers to effectively share mutual
resources, even if it includes sharing the frequency spectrum, computing services, files, or
storing services. Since for mobile cellular telephony, the reasons after this requirement
comprises the mobility as well as dynamicity provided by it. In comparison to wired signal
transmissions, private communication networks would permit operators the association to a
numerous resources though they can relish the liberty of mobility. Indoor wireless
communications is another are of interest that is gaining importance these days. In such an
atmosphere, the usage of a wireless communication linkage eradicates any necessity for electric
wiring. Moreover the elimination of the expenses related with cabling, wireless connections
permit the network to function uninterrupted although fresh operators are entering the network.
5. Heidi Steendam and Marc Moeneclaey Performance of a Flexible Form of MC-CDMA in
a Cellular System Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing,
University of Ghent.

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In this article, the authors examine a variation of the old MC-CDMA scheme for
downlink communication. In the suggested scheme, one may autonomously choose the amount
of chips for every symbol (Nchip), the amount of carriers (Ncarr) as well as the FFT length
(NFFT), consequently the existing resources could be made use of efficiently. The dynamic
proposed scheme’s bandwidth is proportionate to Nchip, whereas the power spectrum’s density
is contrariwise proportionate to Nchip: the communicated power is not dependent of Nchip.
Additionally, the power of a small band interferer is spread over an enormous bandwidth by the
dynamic proposed scheme, consequently the resistance of the scheme to such interferer’s surges
for growing value of Nchip. When there is a dispersive channel present and when the amount of
users has the value equivalent to Nchip, the powers of the beneficial section, the interference as
well as noise do not depend on the amount of chips per symbol, whereas an optimum guard
period could be established that increases the performance.
6. Dr.Salih M. Salih, M.Sc. Yahya J. Harbi, Talib Mahmoud Ali A Proposed Improvement
Model for MC-CDMA in Selective Fading Channel Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences
, 2009
In this article, a suggested prototype considering phase matrix rotation was proposed to
increase the performance of MC-CDMA lies in FFT procedure. The evaluation was done
considering the AWGN as well as frequency selective fading channel. To decrease the influence
of multipath fading, this prototype is employed. The outcomes obtained by a computer
experiment for a solo user and it equated against the unique method for MC-CDMA relying on
FFT for proposed and existing schemes. As a consequence, it could be understood from the
suggested method that a great performance enhancement was achieved as compared to the
orthodox MC-CDMA, in which the bit error rate is extensively lessened under diverse channel
features for both the channels including frequency selective fading as well as the AWGN
channel.
7. Swati Sharma and Sanjeev Kumar BER Performance Evaluation of FFT-OFDM and
DWT-OFDM International Journal of Network and Mobile Technologies.
One of the exceptional methods of multi carrier communication is OFDM that is
considered in many applications in various wireless as well as wired methods. In an Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing system, a huge quantity of orthogonal, intersecting, narrow
band sub-channels, communicated at the same time, distribute the existing communication

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bandwidth. The gap between the sun-channels is ideally negligible so that the spectral use is very
compact. This article gives the summary as well as the simulation outcomes of an OFDM
scheme by making use of FFT plus Discrete Wavelet Transform. The outcomes given in the
article are obtained from computer experiments achieved by means of Matlab.
8. P. M. Grant, A. C. McCormick, J. S. Thompson, T. Arslan and A. T. Erdogan
Optimizing the Implementation of a FFT-based Multicarrier CDMA receiver EPSRC
Grant No.GR/L/98091.
Simulation features of a MC-CDMA receiver having software re-configurable power
depletion is presented. This receiver permits the power depletion to be lessened at the
expenditure of surge in operational delay. This interval might be significant in actual world
response uses for example speech transmissions but for uses for example downloading
information it is not significant. Consequently the power depletion may be improved according
to the application. Power lessening is accomplished by making a trade-off with bigger receiver
latency.
9. Alexandre P. Almeida Member, IEEE , 2Rui Dinis, 3Francisco B. Cercas, Member,
IEEE An FFT-based Acquisition Scheme for DS-CDMA Systems IEEE International
Symposium.
This article presents an effective acquirement/association method for DS-CDMA
schemes by making use of a frequency-domain method using TCH- based training blocks. The
traditional time-domain acquirement method is associated with the suggested passive matched-
filter type frequency domain method. Furthermore by means of the point that an N-point DFT
may be divided in M minor DFTs, the authors suggest technique for concurrent decoding/de-
spreading in addition to synchronization which alternates amid 16 bit-length as well as 256 bit-
length recurring ciphers consequently achieving code rate variations.
10. Anil Kumar Dubey, Gourav Vashistha, Parveen reanalysis of BER for wavelet based
MC-CDMA communication IJCSMS International Journal of Computer Science &
Management Studies,Vol.11,Issue01,May2011.
Since request for greater data rates is unceasingly increasing, there is continuously a
necessity to improve effective wireless methods of communication. The authors established as
well as assessed a multicarrier CDMA wireless scheme of communication based on wavelet
packets. In this scheme a group of wavelet packets are employed the modulation waveforms.

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The requirement for CP is eradicated in the scheme owing to the decent orthogonality as well as
time-frequency localization characteristics of the wavelet packets. They possess decent features
for example orthogonality as well as multi rate elasticity, in addition to this, they have given rise
to a numerous works for its uses to code separation.
11. Labib Francis Gergis Performance of MC-MC CDMA Systems with Nonlinear Models
of HPA International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 3, No. 1,
February2011.
A novel wireless system of communication represented as Multi-Code MC-CDMA that is
the amalgamation of Multi -Code and Carrier- CDMA, is examined in this article. This scheme
could fulfill multi-rate facilities by making use of multi-code systems in addition to multi-carrier
facilities which are generally used for higher rate data transmission. The scheme is assessed via
Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier. This kind of amps endure to provide the greatest microwave
amps with greater power in context of power effectiveness, magnitude as well as budget,
however they get behind Solid State Power Amps when it comes to linearity. This article suggest
a method for refining linearity of TWTA. To deliver TWTA performance similar or greater to
orthodox SSPA's, The application of pre-distorter linearization method is defined. The features
of the PD system is obtained from the modification of Saleh's prototype for HPA
12. G.Tomáš KAŠPAREC comparison of wavelet packets in multi-carrier CDMA
communication Doctoral Degree Program (2) Dept. of Radio Electronics, FEEC,
This paper presents making use of wavelet packet transform as a replacement for Fourier
transform in multi-carrier communiqué. Papers of this arena dedicate typically to Haar or
Daubeschies mother wavelet. In this paper, diverse kinds of mother wavelet are used as well as
equated with flat Rayleigh channel.
13. Xiangbin Yu, Guangguo Bi Performance of Turbo-coded MC-CDMA System Based on
Complex Wavelet Packet in Rayleigh Fading Channel National Mobile Communications
Research Laboratory, Southeast University Nanjing,210096,China.
In this article, based on examining the norm of MC-CDMA method, by making use of the
improved wavelet packet for modulation of multiple carriers in addition to the turbo codes for
coding the channel, the authors suggest a new MC-CDMA scheme, also examine the scheme
BER in Rayleigh fading channel. The scheme could solve the issue of the reduction of spectrum
effectiveness as well as energy of orthodox system owing to injecting cyclic prefix; and create

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proper usage of the better capability of turbo codes under the influence of fading channel to
increase the BER performance. Theoretic examination as well as experimental outcomes
demonstrate that the suggested scheme outclasses orthodox scheme, and it performs greater as
equated to orthodox system with CP. Also, the use of turbo coding toughens the method
capability to manage with multi-path fading as well as multi-access interference considerably.
14. Prof Ali A.A.MIEEE, M.Com Soc Department of Electrical Engineering, Isra
University, Amman Jordan Discrete Wavelet Transform Based Wireless Digital
Communication Systems. www.intechopen.com
The MC-DS-CDMA scheme’s higher performance via STBC systems as well as DWT is
examined. The assessments of BER for the orthodox MC- DS-CDMA relying on fast Fourier
transform, space time block coding MC-DS-CDMA in addition to discrete wavelet transform
based space time block coding MC-DS-CDMA in the diverse prototypes of the channels along
with their assessment for greatest attainable bit error rate have been shown. Experimental
outcomes were given to validate that substantial improvements could be realized by presenting
such amalgamation method having very minute decoding complication. Consequently, the
discrete wavelet transform based space time block coding MC-DS-CDMA is a practicable
method to achieve the subsequent generation of wireless communiqué for great data rates as well
as uses.
15. Abbas Kattoush A Novel Radon-Wavelet-Based Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple
Access Transceiver Design and Simulation under Different Channel Conditions The
International Arab Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 9, No.3,May2012
It was established lately that Radon-DWT based OFDM is proficient of decreasing the
ISI as well as the ICI that is triggered by the damage of orthogonality among the signal carriers.
Radon-DWT-OFDM could correspondingly provide considerably advanced spectrum
effectiveness as compared to FFT- OFDM. In this article a new Radon-DWT-MC-CDMA
transmitter and receiver strategy is offered that is considered as an elementary element in the
design of transceiver. It is done such that orthogonality of the signals can be increased against
the multi-path frequency selective fading channels. Experimental outcomes are delivered to
validate the substantial improvements in performance as well as easiness owing to the suggested
method. The BER of the suggested system was equated to MC-CDMA based on FFT, MC-
CDMA based on Radon, as well as DMWT based CDMA. These were verified in AWGN, Flat

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fading in addition to Selective fading channels. The experimental outcomes exhibited that
suggested scheme outclasses the other schemes.
16. Md. Matiqul Islam, M. HasnatKabir and Sk. EnayetUllah Performance Analysis of
Wavelet Based MC-CDMA System with Implementation of Various Antenna Diversity
Schemes International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science (IJRRCS).
The effect of making use of method relying on wavelet on the performance of a MC-
CDMA scheme has been examined. The scheme in suggested paper includes Walsh Hadamard
codes to distinguish the communication signal for separate operator. A computer software
package inscribed in Matlab code is created. This experimental work is done with application of
numerous antenna diversity systems as well as fading channels. Experimental outcomes validate
that the suggested scheme outclasses in Alamouti under AWGN and Rician channel.
17. Mohamed N. El-Eskandrani, Ehab F. Badran and Darwish A. Mohamed Investigation
of the Performance of the Wavelet Packet Based Multi-Carrier CDMA Communications in
Rayleigh Fading Channel Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime
Transport,Alexandria.
In this article, an examination of the wavelet transform’s performance as well as
performance of MC-CDMA communications based on wavelet packet in Rayleigh fading
channel was offered for diverse wavelet classes. Wavelets packets that are orthonormal were
substituted for complex exponential carriers of MC-CDMA which are based on Fourier. The
BER of the wavelet transform as well as wavelet packet based MC-CDMA in Rayleigh fading
channel and AWGN Channels are equated. Correspondingly, the outcomes are analyzed against
FFT based MC-CDMA’s performance under impact of Rayleigh fading channel.
7. RATIONALE
The Old-style MC-CDMA based on Fourier transform has presently seeking maximum of
focus in the region of wireless communication. To battle ISI as well as ICI, CP is injected among
MC-CDMA ciphers that consume nearby 25 % of bandwidth, We are suggesting MC-CDMA
based on Wavelet packet with the intention of improving bandwidth effectiveness (Spectral
Effectiveness) in addition to reducing the amount of interference.