Some basic analysis of Indian cities to build the smart city & compared Ahemdabad & Surat the two cities from Gujarat. Analysis taken from Ministry of Urban Development of India & some other private companies Affiliated with the Indian Government.

2.  The first question is what is meant by a ‘smart city’. The
answer is, there is no universally accepted definition of a
Smart City.
 It means different things to different people. The
conceptualisation of Smart City, therefore, varies from
city to city and country to country, depending on the level
of development, willingness to change and reform,
resources and aspirations of the city residents.
 A Smart City would have a different connotation in India
than, say, Europe.
 India, there is no one way of defining a Smart City.

3.  Adequate water supply
 Assured electricity supply
 Sanitation, including solid waste management
 Efficient urban mobility and public transport
 Affordable housing, especially for the poor
 Robust IT connectivity and digitalization
 Good governance, especially e-Governance and
citizen participation,
 Sustainable environment
 Safety and security of citizens, particularly
women, children and the elderly
 Health and education.

4. Vision of smarter cities
◦ Environmental sustainability and efficiency
◦ Sustainable homes and buildings
◦ Efficient use of resources
◦ Efficient and sustainable transportation
◦ Better urban planning - livable cities

5. 5
Water Management
Smart meters & management10
Leakage Identification, Preventive Maint.11
Water Quality Monitoring12
Energy Management
Smart Meters & Management13
Renewable Sources of Energy14
Energy Efficient & Green
Buildings
15
Urban Mobility
Smart Parking16
Intelligent Traffic Management17
Integrated Multi-Modal
Transport
18
E-Governance and Citizen Services
Public Information, Grievance
Redressal
1
Electronic Service Delivery2
Citizen Engagement3
Citizens - City’s Eyes and Ears4
Video Crime Monitoring5
Waste to Energy & fuel6
Waste to Compost7
Every Drop to be Treated8
Treatment of C&D Waste9
Waste Management
Others
Tele-Medicine19
Incubation/Trade Facilitation Centers20
Skill Development Centers21

7.  Each aspiring city competes for selection as a
Smart City in what is called a ‘City Challenge’.
 There are two stages in the selection process. After
the number has been indicated to the respective
Chief Secretaries, as outlined in para 8 above, the
State/UT will undertake the following steps:-
1. Stage 1 of the competition: Shortlisting of cities
by States.
2. Stage 2 of the competition: The Challenge round
for selection.

8.  The State/UT begins with shortlisting the potential Smart Cities
on the basis of conditions precedent and scoring criteria and in
accordance with the total number allocated to it. The first stage
of the competition will be intra-state, in which cities in the State
will compete on the conditions precedent and the scoring criteria
laid out. These conditions precedent have to be met by the
potential cities to succeed in the first round of competition and
the highest scoring potential Smart Cities will be shortlisted and
recommended to participate in Stage 2 of the Challenge. The
conditions precedent and the forms are given in the Annexure 3.
The information sent by the ULBs in the forms has to be
evaluated by the State Mission Director and the evaluation
placed before the State-level High Powered Steering Committee
(HPSC) for approval. The composition of the State HPSC is
given in para 13.

9.  The cities emerging successful in the first round of
competition will be sent by the State/UT as the recommended
shortlist of Smart Cities to MoUD by the stipulated date (to be
indicated in the letter to Chief Secretaries). The State
Government has to fill the form (given in Annexure 3) and
send with the recommended list. The MoUD will thereafter
announce the list of 100 Smart Cities.

10.  In the second stage of the competition, each of the potential
100 Smart Cities prepare their proposals for participation in
the ‘City Challenge’. This is a crucial stage as each city’s
Smart CityProposal is expected to contain the model chosen,
whether retrofitting or redevelopment or greenfield
development or a mix thereof, and additionally include a Pan-
City dimension with Smart Solutions. The SCP will also outline
the consultations held with the city residents and other
stakeholders, how the aspirations are matched with the vision
contained in the SCP and importantly, what is the proposal for
financing of the Smart City plan including the revenue model
to attract private participation. An evaluation criteria for the
SCPs has been worked out by MoUD based on professional
advice and this should act as guidance to the cities for
preparing their proposal.

11.  By a stipulated date, to be indicated by MoUD to the
States/UTs, proposals will be submitted to MoUD for
all these 100 cities. These will be evaluated by a
Committee involving a panel of national and
international experts, organizations and institutions.
The winners of the first round of Challenge will be
announced by MoUD. Thereafter, while the winning
cities start taking action on making their city smart,
those who do not get selected will start work on
improving their SCPs for consideration in the second
round. Depending on the nature of the SCPs and
outcomes of the first round of the Challenge, the
MoUD may decide to provide handholding assistance
to the potential Smart Cities to upgrade their
proposals before starting the second round.

12. 12
Citizen Engagement
Employment Quality of life
Institutional
infrastructure
Physical
infrastructure
Social
infrastructure
Economic
infrastructure
Sustainability Disaster Management & Resilience
Technology Enablement

13.  Institutional Infrastructure (including Governance), Physical
Infrastructure, Social Infrastructure and Economic Infrastructure
constitute the four pillars on which a city rests. The centre of attention
for each of these pillars is the citizen. In other words a Smart city
works towards ensuring the best for its entire people, regardless of
social status, age, income, levels, gender, etc.
1. Institutional Infrastructure refers to the activities that relate to the
planning and management systems in a city. The new technology has
provided a new dimension to this system making it efficient,
accountable and transparent. It includes the participatory systems of
governance, e-governance, inclusive governance, the sense of safety
and security and the opportunities for creativity.
2. Physical Infrastructure refers to its stock of cost-efficient and
intelligent physical infrastructure such as the urban mobility system,
the housing stock, facilities, solid waste management system, drainage
system, etc. Which are all integrated through the use of technology.

14. 3. Social Infrastructure refers to those component that work towards
developing the human and social capital, such as the educational,
healthcare, entertainment, etc. It also includes entertainment and
sports, the open spaces and parks. These together determine the
quality of life of citizens in a city. It is also necessary that city
promotes inclusiveness and city has structures which proactively
bring disadvantageous sections i.e. SCs, STs, socially and financially
backwards, minorities, disabled and women into the mainstream of
development.
4. Economics Infrastructure for a city to attract investments and create
the appropriate economic infrastructure for employment
opportunities, it has to first identify its core competence, comparative
advantages and analyse its potential for generating economic
activities. Once that is done, the gaps in required economic
infrastructure can be determined. This would generally comprise the
following :

15.  Industrial parks and export processing zones
 IT/BT Parks
 Trade centres
 Service centres
 Skill development centres
 Financial centres and services
 Logistics hubs, warehousing and freight terminals
 Mentoring and counselling services

16. A computer generated graphic of Masdar city,
currently under construction in Abu Dhabi.
Photograph: Fosters + Partners.
(Accessed from The Guardian)

17. ◦ Smart parking: Monitoring of parking spaces availability in the city.
◦ Structural Health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in
buildings, bridges and historical monuments.
◦ Noise Urban maps: Sound monitoring in bar areas and centric
zones in real time.
◦ Smartphone detection: Detect smart phones and in general any
device which works with Wifi or Bluetooth interfaces.
◦ Electromagnetic field levels: Measurement of the energy radiated
by cell stations and and WiFi routers.
◦ Traffic Congestion: Monitoring of vehicles and pedestrian levels to
optimize driving and walking routes.
◦ Smart lighting: Intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street
lights.
◦ Waste management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to
optimize the trash collection routes.
◦ Smart roads: Intelligent Highways with warning messages and
diversions according to climate conditions and unexpected events
like accidents or traffic jams.

18.  More efficient energy production
◦ Light sensors on solar panels track sun rays to ensure power is gathered
in a more efficient manner
 Distribution
◦ Smart grids: Highly complex systems technically integrating digital and
non-digital technologies. Characterized by:
 More efficient energy routing (reduces excess capacity)
 Better monitoring and control
 Improved data capture and measurement
 Automation
 Use
◦ Smart devices and metering – at the city, building, and home levels

19.  Sensors technology used in
buildings for monitoring and
control
 Increase energy efficiency,
user comfort, and security
 Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning systems
 Lighting/shading
 Air quality and window
control
 Systems switching off
devices
 Metering
 Access control (security)

21. 1. Smart economy
2. Smart mobility
3. Smart environment
4. Smart people
5. Smart living
6. Smart governance

22.  The economy of a smart-
city relies on a connected
infrastructure in order to
work closely in
collaboration with all the
other aspects of the city.
Smart-cities economy
needs to create a
pleasant atmosphere to
live, to work, to grow
up. One of the objective
is to create more
qualification for citizens
and to establish a
satisfactory level of
employment.

23.  Create an unique
transportation system
where different means
of transportation in
smart-cities are
brought together. The
objective is to bring
more synergies with
this organization and
to manage each mean
of transportation in
collaboration with
others.

24.  Two major aspects are
taken in consideration
in this domain, the
waste processing and
the energy
management. In the
first one, it’s a
necessity to reduce the
garbage quantity and
to improve the waste
management process.
And in the second
point, cities need to
increase their energetic
efficiency.

25.  A Smart-city is built
around the citizens, by
taking in consideration
their needs and
requirements. Citizens
are no longer
considered as users,
consumers of city
servicies, but as actors
and partners of smart-
cities. The human
dimension is a really
important part of the
concept.

26.  The objective is to redefine
the concept of city
planning, because the
current way to manage
cities will become obsolete
in a near future. The
explanation is the growing
overload of cities, which
leads to a lake of place in
metropolises. There is also
a need of innovation for the
habitations themselves in
order to follow the cities
progress around them.

27.  The Smart-city concept
relies on new technologies
and new concepts about the
information process. But
these technologies and
concepts are not enough to
be a real smart-city.
Indeed, the city needs to
use these tools in a
coherent way and needs to
be governed in order to use
the optimal potential of the
cities. That means having a
transparency in the
organization and consider
the citizen in the center of
the organization.

28.  We adopted a
structured approach
that involved the
detailed assessment
of fundamental and
critical data vectors
for smart city
transformation and
to take cognisance of
city readiness to
achieve the smart
city vision.

33.  Some stats
 More than 50% of the world’s population live in cities
 In China alone, 300-400 million people will move to
cities in the next 15 years
 In the 21st century, cities will account for
 90% of population growth
 80% of global CO2 emissions
 75% of energy use

37.  Ahmedabad, spanning an area of 464 km2, has a population of 63 lakh.
In the power domain, the city has a consolidated score of 7.97. The city
ranks high on parameters of power quality, 24X7 power supply, billing
efficiency, metering and online payment facility. There is scope for
improvement in terms of technology intervention in areas of metering
and energy efficiency. Water has a consolidated score of 6.83 in
Ahmedabad, and the city needs to improve its water loss mitigation
mechanism, billing efficiency, round-the-clock availability of water and
metering of water connections. Also, there is scope for substantial
improvement in technology interventions for these areas. In the area of
municipal corporation, the city has a consolidated score of 7.76.
Ahmedabad scores fairly well in facilities such as online licence issuance,
complaint registration, property tax payment, birth and death
registration and online sanction of building plans. With scores of 5.20
and 5.22 in solid waste management and storm water drainage
respectively, there is considerable scope for improvement in these
domains. Also, the city needs to work on its facilities in the areas of
transport and overall sustainability, accounting for scores of 5.81 and
5.75

42.  Surat, spanning an area of 326.5 km2,
has a population of 44 lakh. With a
score of 8.87, the city scores fairly
well in the power sector. This is
attributable to its robust electricity
grid operations and management that
is complemented by its efficiencies in
metering, billing and collection. In
areas such as water, transport and
solid waste management, Surat has
consolidated scores of 7.33, 5.81 and
5.40 respectively. The city is required
to significantly improve its
technology intervention in all areas of
solid waste management. In addition,
there is scope for more technology
intervention in education, health and
storm water drainage.

43. Sr
no.
Criteria Ahmedabad Surat
1.
Total city area 464 km2 326.5 km2
2.
Total population
and sex ratio
0.63 cr. (897 women per
1000 men)
0.44 Cr. ( 53% men & 47 %
women)
3.
economy State domestic product : INR
4032 Bn
State domestic product : INR
2520 Bn
4.
City
demographics
 per capita income : 3.28 lpa
 literacy rate: 89.62%
 crime rate: 22.01%
 per capita income : 4.8 lpa
 literacy rate: 86.65%
 crime rate: 26.46%
5.
Cost of living  local purchasing power:
66.30
 Rent index : 5.38
 Consumer price index:
27.54
 Groceries index : 31.88
 Restaurants index : 15.22
 local purchasing power:
70.54
 Rent index : 3.66
 Consumer price index:
26.05
 Groceries index : 30.09
 Restaurants index : 15.37
6.
Urban transport  B.R.T.S
 Indian railways
 Private vehicles
 City bus services
 Indian railways
 Private vehicles
7.
Green Cover  Tree cover : 4.5%
 Population index : 70.35
 Tree cover : 3%
 Population index : 67.07
8.
Social
infrastructures
 No. of hospitals : 26
 No. of schools : 1870
 No. of hospitals : 25
 No. of schools : 735

44.  Some typical features of comprehensive development in Smart Cities are
described below.
 Promoting mixed land use in area-based developments — planning for
‘unplanned areas’ containing a range of compatible activities and land uses
close to one another in order to make land use more efficient. The States will
enable some flexibility in land use and building bye-laws to adapt to change;
 Housing and inclusiveness - expand housing opportunities for all;
 Creating walkable localities -reduce congestion, air pollution and resource
depletion, boost local economy, promote interactions and ensure security. The
road network is created or refurbished not only for vehicles and public
transport, but also for pedestrians and cyclists, and necessary administrative
services are offered within walking or cycling distance;
 Preserving and developing open spaces — parks, playgrounds, and recreational
spaces in order to enhance the quality of life of citizens, reduce the urban heat
effects in Areas and generally promote eco-balance;

45.  Promoting a variety of transport options — Transit Oriented
Development (TOD), public transport and last mile para-transport
connectivity;
 Making governance citizen-friendly and cost effective — increasingly
rely on online services to bring about accountability and transparency,
especially using mobiles to reduce cost of services and providing
services without having to go to municipal offices; form e-groups to
listen to people and obtain feedback and use online monitoring of
programs and activities with the aid of cyber tour of worksites;
 Giving an identity to the city — based on its main economic activity,
such as local cuisine, health, education, arts and craft, culture, sports
goods, furniture, hosiery, textile, dairy, etc;
 Applying Smart Solutions to infrastructure and services in area-based
development in order to make them better. For example, making Areas
less vulnerable to disasters, using fewer resources, and providing
cheaper services.

47.  To generate a major reduction of the consumption of raw
material, such as electricity, water, gas.
 The implementation of an efficient control of resources in the
city.
 Make the city more comfortable to live, to work, to move and
to enjoy the life.
 Help citizens to take decisions every day for each situation.

48. Growing population
Traffic congestion
Space – homes and public space
Resource management (water and energy use)
Global warming (carbon emissions)
Tighter city budgets
Aging infrastructure
Heritage City Development

49.  To understand the evolution of the market.
 To master all steps of the project management.
 To know precisely the organization of the city.
 To master the management of information between all actors
of the project.
 To manage the correct integration of actors in the project. And
to be sure that all actors will agree with decisions that have to
be taken. Today, the majority of actors involved in “smart-
city” projects belongs to the NICT field.

50.  To be able to become a smart-city, a city needs to have a few
characteristics as requirements:
 Transportation investment
 Human capital investment
 Social investment
 IT and telecoms investment
 Control of water, electricity, gas, waste
 A great organization of public services

51.  Smart cities are on the increase worldwide, and especially within
Europe there are many initiatives stimulated by the EC and the national
governments. Local administrators and policy makers will be
increasingly driven to make their cities competitive in order to attract
businesses, talent and taxpayers, and to comply with sustainable
policies, greenhouse gas emission targets and carbon footprint
guidelines.
 Smart city deployments will involve multi-faceted developments,
carried out by a diverse ecosystem of providers in innovative domains,
involving state-of-the-art technology including critical and complex
ICT implementations.
 However, increasing ICT complexity will mean increasing
vulnerability, both to malicious attacks and unintentional incidents. By
conceiving interconnected urban systems with security and information
protection in mind, city administrators will be able to ensure safety and
wellbeing for citizens and businesses alike.

52.  Security threats are now an integral consideration in the
private sector boardroom, and for policy making within the
public sector. Public administrators know that any serious
incident or breach could result in devastating outcomes in
terms of financial, data, credibility and reputation loss or
damage.
 Choosing reputable, experienced thought leaders as partners in
conceiving such complex developments is an important step in
the right direction towards building resilient smart cities for
the twenty-first century.