Solar energy- PV and S/T Parameters- hot water load, measure, radiation Sarnia CCC solar system Simulation programs Flow strategy - closed loop, drainback Solar collector efficiency- ETC vs FPC Cross-section of flat-plate collector Adapting design to location- rack design Heat exchanger, tanks, pumps, controllers Solar products in Canada Installation- lifting Swimming pool heating Solar water heating Insulation and jacketing

1. “” Solar Thermal Application “”
An Eco – Friendly
LAXMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SARIGAM– 396 155
Presentation by,
Under the Guidance of
Mr. S. Kannan
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF EE
RAHUL YOGI
NIRAJ YADAV
SHANU SHRIVASTAV
ANKUSH YADAV
170863109009
170863109003
170863109006
170863109008

2. Contents
• Solar energy- PV and S/T
• Parameters- hot water load, measure, radiation
• Sarnia CCC solar system
• Simulation programs
• Flow strategy - closed loop, drainback
• Solar collector efficiency- ETC vs FPC
• Cross-section of flat-plate collector
• Adapting design to location- rack design
• Heat exchanger, tanks, pumps, controllers
• Solar products in Canada
• Installation- lifting
• Swimming pool heating
• Solar water heating
• Insulation and jacketing
2

3. Contents
• Safety concerns
• Commissioning the system
• Monitoring the system
• Certification for solar installers- CanSIA and NABCEP
• Permits- building and plumbing
• Government incentives
• Solar PV and water heating in Tobermory, ON
• Combined solar space and water heating
• Parkway Apartment Building in Owen Sound, ON
• Rockwood Terrace Nursing Home in Durham, ON
• Sixplex solar project in Windsor, ON
3

4. Solar energy includes two technologies-
photovoltaics and thermal
Photovoltaics is electricity from the sun.
Solar thermal is heat from the sun.
4

5. Parameters for design of a solar hot
water system
• hot water load
-measured volume per day by
flowmeter
-estimate from ASHRAE for
application
• radiation and location
-watts/m2 (max 1,000 w/m2)
• azimuth and tilt of collectors
-azimuth = angle from south
-tilt = angle from horizontal 5

6. A typical residential solar
water heating package
comprises: one or more
collectors, a storage tank
(to match the collector area
and the load) a pump and a
controller.
6

7. Sarnia Child Care Centre
con
Solar
collectors
Storage
tanks
7
Controller, pumps, heat
exchanger and expansion
tank

8. Simulation
• using RETScreen
- uses solar radiation and average temperature
on a monthly basis
• HW load, rack azimuth and tilt
• storage volume to collector area
- 100 litres to match a 4 x 8 collector
• using TRYNYS
8

9. Flow strategy
• closed loop- requires expansion tank
• drainback- requires high head pump
• thermosiphon- seasonal use only
9

10. Solar collector efficiency
10
comparing an unglazed plastic pool panel, a flat plate
collector and an evacuated tube collector

11. Solar
collector
efficiency
Evacuated Tube
Collector vs Flat Plate
Collector
11

12. Cross section of flat-plate solar collector
tempered low-iron class on aluminum box with isocyanurate
insulation, selective coating on copper absorber fins
12

13. Adapting design to
location
rack design
flush mount
inclined mount
13

14. rack design
ballasted on the roof
steel or aluminum
14

15. Heat exchanger
shell-in-tube
brazed flat plate
coil of stainless steel
coil of copper
15

16. Heat exchanger
Solar water heating with external heat exchanger
16

17. Heat exchanger and circulators in
Rockwood Terrace mechanical room
17

18. Two 400 gallon solar tanks and a 300 gallon hot
water storage tank at Rockwood Terrace, Durham, ON 18

19. Heat exchanger
Solar water heating with internal heat exchanger
19

20. Tanks
20
• stainless steel
• enamel coated
• glass-lined

21. Pumps
21
• circulators- low head and high flow
• pumps- low flow
and high head
• DC pumps

22. Controllers
 differential temperature controllers-
 compare temperature of solar collector to
water temperature
 10k thermistor sensors :
 Goldline
 1k Pt resistance sensors:
 Resol
22

23. Goldline solar controller and energy meter
at Landmark Condominium, Kingston, ON
23

24. Solar products in Canada
24
• ThermoDynamics
• Enerworks
• Solcan
• Viessmann
• KBB
• Others?

25. Lifting
25
Lifting rack materials, pipe and collectors to
roof
-manhandle or crane

26. Installing
26

27. Swimming pool heating
27

28. Solar water
heating Installation at Five Oaks, United
Church of Canada Retreat Centre
near Paris, ON
2
8
System comprises five flat-plate
solar collectors secured to wall and
sitting on roof as shown.

29. Solar water heating
20 panels on condominium
apartment building, Kingston, ON
40 panels on apartment building on
Nelson St., London, ON
29

30. 30
Solcan 2101 Collectors (back view) on the roof
of World Salon, Adelaide St., Toronto

31. PV and solar thermal panels
Two banks of 14 PV panels and one bank of 4
thermal panels installed on Visitors’ Centre at
Parks Canada in Tobermory, ON 31

32. Insulation and jacketing
32

33. Safety concerns
33
• Fall arrest training
• Safe worksites
• Harnesses and safety lines

34. Commissioning the system
34
• temperature rise
• balancing the flow
• pumps running OK

35. Monitoring the system
35
Heat = flow x (Tin – Tout) x specific heat
Heat = Flow measurement x temperature rise
Sun reports (kit shown)
download to iphone

36. Certification for solar installers
36
• CanSIA- Canadian Solar Industries Association
• NABCEP- North American Board of Certified Energy
Practitioners
• CSA- Canadian Standards Association

37. Permits
37
• Building- may require letter from P Eng. for
building permit; cost from $70 to $1,000 ….
• Plumbing permit may not be required.
System may require vacuum breakers.
Some inspectors require backflow
preventers and double wall heat exchangers.

38. Government incentives
38
• ecoEnergy for Retroft: for residential
applications including single family
dwellings and multi-unit residential units
(MURBs) approx $625 per panel- until end
of March 2012.
• save ON energy from OPA through LDCs
for displacement of electricity = approx
$865 per panel on buildings in Ontario.
• new incentive through microFIT.

39. Solar hot water feeding
conventional hot water tank with
summer bypass
39

40. Combined solar hot water and
space heating
40
System installed near
Goderich, ON.

41. Combined solar hot
water and space
heating
41

42. Combined solar hot water
and space heating
42
System installed on Pelee Island in Lake Erie

43. Strategies for space and water
heating
43

44. Combining solar with a heat
pump
44
• Typical European solar/heat pump combo

45. Parkway Apartments, Owen Sound, ON
45

46. Rockwood Terrace Nursing Home in Durham, ON
46
Rockwood Terrace Nursing Home in Durham, ON near Owen Sound has 100
residents and substantial needs for hot water for laundry, bathing the residents,
washing dishes and general usage, totaling about 12,000 litres per day. There are
30 Solcan flat-plate solar collectors mounted on racks on the roof supplying heat
through a heat exchanger to the 3,000 litres of solar storage. The measured
energy output is 183 GJ per year which is 42% of the load.

47. Heat exchanger and circulators in
Rockwood Terrace NH mechanical room
47

48. Solar hot water storage tanks in
Rockwood Terrace mechanical room
48

49. Project was part of modernizing and
upgrade of existing buildings owned
by Windsor and Essex County
HousingAuthority.
4
9
Solar hot water storage tank in
sixplex mechanical room

50. Conventional hot water tanks are on a re-circulation loop.
50

51. Pro temp controls
51
Reduces your energy costs
by 25% or more
Automatically regulates
water temperature
For domestic hot water or
hydronic space heating
systems
ROI can be measured in
weeks

52. Pro temp controls
52
Energy use before and after Pro temp installation

53. Thanks for your attention!
53