epidemiology types,mortality ,morbidity,prevelance

1. PRESENTED BY
T.MAGLIN ANUSHA
M.SC(N) II nd yr
CSI JACON

3. EPIDEMIC
ENDEMIC
PANDEMIC
Eg.malaria,polio
Eg.small pox,swine flu

4. INTRODUCTION

5. DEFINITION:
WHO_ Epidemiology is the study of distribution and
Determinants of health related states or events
(including diseases) and the application of this study
to the control of diseases and other health problems

7. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
APPROACH
TO
INVESTIGATING
DISEASE
PROBLEMS

8. Presence of diseases is
confirmed
Both in TIME AND
SPACE

9. Implementation of series of field
Experiments are performed under
Controlled conditions
Result produced by above
Investigations are analysed

10. Control of the diseases are examined
Knowledge of the epidemiology
of the Diseases is used to explore
Ensure that the measures are being
Properly applied

11. SOURCES OF
INFORMATION
IN
EPIDEMIOLOGY

13. TIME DISTRIBUTION
PLACE DISTRIBUTION

14. PERSON DISTRIBUTION
DETERMINANTS OF DISEASES

15. PREVENTION ANDSOCIAL
MEASURES

17. Diseases ,time
Place ,person

18. DISCRIPITIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
WHEN
WHERE WHO WHAT

19. ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Is concerened with the search for cause
RETROSPECTIVE
STUDIES
PROSPECTIVE
STUDIES

20. EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Environment is manipulated or
controlled to test a particular hypothesis

21. MORBIDITY
INCIDENCE PREVELANCE
(NEW CASES) ( NEW AND OLD CASES
COMBINED)

22. INCIDENCE RATE
Is a measure of diseases that allows determine
a persons probability of being diagnosed with a diseases
During a given period of time
INCIDENCE Numbers of peop who get a diseases (new cases) in a
specified period
RATE =
Sum of the length of time during which each person in
Pop is at risk
n

23. PREVELANCE
Is a measure of diseases that allows us to
determine a persons likelihood of having a diseases
number of peop.with the diseases or condition at
a specified time
Prevelance
Rate = number of peop.in the pop at risk at the X10n
specified time

25. ADVANTAGES;
Express
social
burden of
the
diseases
Readily
available

26. DISADVANTAGES:
Influcenced by numbers of factors (Skill of the doctor or
availability of Some
 diagnostic tools-accuracy of diagnoses,
availability and level Of medical care or health awareness o
population part of the Cases are not notified)

27. MORTALITY:
Mortality is another term for death.A mortality
Rate Is the number of deaths due to a disease divided
by the total population
A CRUDE DEATH Total num of deaths in a year,
RATE = 1000 individuals

28. ASSESSING THE COMMUNITY’S HEALTH
-What are
the health
problem
-Where
-which
-Causes for
increasing
-Data
collected
andanalysed

29. -Making
individual
Decision-
available
on risk
factors
-Searching
for causes
-Aiming to
design
appropriate
health
action

30. CORE FUNCTIONSOF EPIDEMIOLOGY IN
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY

32. Health survelliance is the system of ongoing health checks.
Health survelliance is the systemic montoring of at ‘RISK’
Staff for any adverse effects of works on their health as it
relates to their duties

34. STEPS IN SURVELLIANCE
Occurance of health related event
Case confirmation
reporting
Reporting to responsible public
Health agency
Control and prevention
activities
Feedback to
stakeholders

36. Active survelliance
Passive survelliance
Sential survelliance

38. USES
 Admission,discharge and transfer
 patient assess record
 physician order entry
 documentation
 pharmacy preparation
 communication

39. ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES

40. PLANNING
APPLICATION TO DATA COLLECTION
PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS
DISSEMINATION DATA MANAGEMENT
AND COLLECTION
INTERPRETATION
ANALYSIS

41. HEALTH PLANNER
CARE GIVER
CASE FINDER
EDUCATOR
COUNSELLOR
ADOVACATE
EPIDEMIOLOGIST
MANAGER

42. GROUP LEADER
CASE MANAGER