London Memorial Research Paper

London Memorial Research Paper
The date was July 7th, 2005, on a normal day at a normal time. In London tragedy struck as the
worst terrorist attack in the United Kingdom's history unfolded. The London bombings of 2005 was
when four suicide bombers bombed all around London. The bombs went off on three underground
trains and one double decker bus. The bombings were the worst single attack on London since
World War 2. There were four bombers that had been in contact with Al–Qaeda and were supposed
to detonate their bombs on innocent people. The whole world was impacted by this day, especially
those who lost their lives. It was 8:49 am. And in one minute the world would change forever. 8:50
am. 3 bombs explode within 50 seconds of each other. The first bomb which was detonated at
Liverpool Street by Shehzad Tanweer killed 7 people and injured 171 more. The second bomb
which was detonated by Mohammad Sidique Khan at Edgware Road had a death count of 6 and
injured 163. The third bomb was detonated between King's Cross and Russell Square by Jermaine
Lindsay. This bomb had the highest death count out of all four, which was 26 and injured 340
passengers. At 9:47 Hasib Hussain detonates his bomb on the number 30 bus at Tavistock Square, ...
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This memorial would be known as the "7 July Memorial." The memorial was Presented by The
Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall on July 7, 2009 exactly 4 years after the incident. The
memorial consists of 52 stainless steel pillars, that represent each of the 52 victims, these are
grouped together in four interlinking groups reflecting the four locations of the incidents. On each
pillar there are inscriptions marking the date, time and locations of the bombings. There is a bank of
grass that has a steel wall that lists the names of the victims. The memorial was constructed by a
design team including architects Carmody Groarke and engineering team Arup. The families of
those lost also had a say in the
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Psychology Behind Terrorism Essays: The Psychology Behind...
The Psychology Behind Terrorism
In looking at the psychology behind terrorism you can see that different things can motivate a
person into acts of terrorism. Take in example, a young girl age 14 becomes pregnant and her
parents tell her to give the baby up or get out. So the young girl not wanting to lose her baby leaves.
Later, after having the baby it gets colic and cries non–stop until the young girl shakes the baby till
it is finally quite. one might expect to understand or prevent the violence in such cases in very
different ways. The personal and situational factors involved and the extent of their contribution
might reasonably be expected to vary in these diverse circumstances. Yet,

Comparison Between Relative Deprivation And Routine...
Two theories that best support a terroristic acts are, relative deprivation and routine activity. Relative
deprivation theory states that when desires becomes a legitimate expectation, those desires are then
blocked by society. The terrorist group believes that it lacks every day necessities to survive,
causing their desires to be greater and the reflection of how they feel as a whole includes more of
what they see as a necessity rather than a want. The goal is to find a way to incorporate their wants
and needs and have it be sustained no matter the cause. They are not satisfied with their lifestyle and
are persistent for immediate change. Routine activity theory is primarily based on the motivation of
the offenders. It solely holds the political motivation of terrorists and what they can obtain from
political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are globally known and use social media as an outlet to gains followers and keep a steady
supply of motivated offenders. ISIS motivation for these extreme acts are done because they believe
that there is a greater good for them in the afterlife. By associating themselves with this group, it is
believed that their family will be better off; with an increase in status, greed satisfaction, and a
glorious afterlife. The outcome of offending the appropriate victims also enhances their maximum
symbolic, profit–making and political effect. Having sacrifice yourself to target symbolic buildings
and kill innocent victims, gives the terrorist the impression that he will have milk and honey in the
afterlife along with many wives. The last element of this theory involves the lack of presence of a
guardian has a major role in this organization because there is no law enforcement or surveillance
systems to record what they do. Without this guardianship it weakens the society and leaves others
to follow the beliefs of this terroristic

The Following Reading Will Contain Background Information
The following reading will contain background information on the July 7th, 2005 attacks on the
London Transit System. It will include the background of the Al–Qaeda organization that influenced
the attack, as well as the history of the major attacks the organization has committed in its short
twenty–nine year history. It will also mention how the region help influence the organization and
then subsequently influence cells to commit attacks. Introduction The attacks on the London Transit
system on July 7th, 2005 were the worst terrorist attacks the United Kingdom has ever seen. The
attack included four suicide bombers by the names of Mohammad Sidique Khan, Shehzad Tanweer,
Hasib Hussain and Jermaine Lyndsay. These four men Al–Qaeda cell ... Show more content on
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Al–Qaeda had been responsible for attacking the World Trade Center in 1993 and 2001, as well as
bombings of U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, which killed 224 people from 1991 to 1998.
After the September 11, 2001 attacks, U.S. and British forces drove Al–Qaeda out of Afghanistan in
to neighboring Pakistan. The unrest in the region due to being forced out of Afghanistan had never
been greater than during the July 7th attacks in London. Al–Qaeda was known to have an issue with
the United States occupying the region especially the oil magnate Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War.
Also, the group issued a declaration of Jihad in August of 1996 against the Americans and anyone
"occupying the land of the two holy mosques; expel the heretics from the Arabian Peninsula" was
disseminated". (PBS, 2014) During the 1990's Al–Qaeda spread its cells all over the world including
the United Kingdom. There were many events that led to the attacks in London. The attacks, also
were not a complete surprise due to attacks that preceded the transit bombings. The September 11th
attacks as well as the Madrid Train bombings a little over a year prior to the attack. The September
11th attacks showed the dedication of a suicidal attack by Al–Qaeda operatives. The Madrid
bombing seemed to play a more influential role on the London attack than any other attack. The
London attack took the same format as the Madrid Train bombing four different trains, with the only

Islam and Diane Frost Essay example
Islamophobia: Links between terrorism, Muslim and "race hate''.
By Mbalu Sillah
English 101
Professor Caldwell
16 June 2011
Thesis: Millions of people from different races, nationalities and cultures around the world are
united by their widespread Islamic faith.
Introduction
I. What is Islamaphobia? A. What cause it? B. Where it was use the most? C. Who did it affect the
most? 1. Muslims 2. United State 3. Europe II. Terrorism A. September 11, 2001 B. Europe
bombing 2005 III. Media A. Effect on Islamaphobia B. Spread of racism IV. Discrimination A.
Muslims B. At work C. Home D. Public Places V. Conclusion A. Damage B. Effect in community ...
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The CPS stated that at the beginning of 2005 it had dealt with 4,728 cases of "racially aggravated''
crimes in the past 12 months; More than half of the victims were Asian, with Islam the "actual or
perceived'' religion of those attacked. The criminal attacked and insulted victims of Muslims
because Muslims were view as supporters of Osama bin laden or Saddam Hussein. Muslim
communities have been targeted in various forms, since the 2001 attacks either because of this or the
combination of factors. Moreover, when London was bombed in July 2005, this could only mean an
increase in anti–Muslim emotion and an increase in race hate against Muslims nationally. According
to the Metropolitan police, religious hate crimes, mostly against Muslims, rose 6–fold in London in
the three weeks after the July 2005 bombings. Many of these involve verbal abuse and minor
assaults, and damage to mosques and property with a great "emotional impact'' was also part of the
report. This includes assaults, criminal damage or public order offences, and included four murders
(BBC News, August 4, 2005). The independent (2 April, 2005) reported the research into the effects
of september11 and the invasion of Iraq found "Islamophobic tendencies'' filtering down into the
younger generation, including school children as young as 13. Kundnani has look at the after effects
on one Muslim community following the 9/11 attacks;

Generational Identification Analysis
Although there is no one single fingerprint that defines the psychological makeup of a terrorist,
there are several broad characteristics that indicate a person's vulnerability toward radicalization.
Terrorists willing to carrying out a suicide operation, as a subset of the larger radicalized group, are
certainly no exception. Indeed, dedication to the point of self–extermination requires a deeper
degree of radicalization than to merely fight for one's chosen cause. The first indicator of this form
of radicalization is what Jerrold M. Post referred to as "generational transmission" of a set of
extreme beliefs (Kershaw). This transmission of rigid beliefs at an early stage in childhood
development can create a psychological state

Suicide Terrorism And Islamic Fundamentalism
Dying To Win, Robert A. Pape challenges the views about why suicide terrorists do what they do
and to whom. Pape is trying to convey that "suicide terrorism is rising around the world" (Pape pg.
6). Since many terrorist attacks have been perpetrated by Muslim terrorist motivated by religious
beliefs, it makes people think that Islamic fundamentalism is the central cause. The connection
between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism is incorrect, and encourage foreign countries
to harm many Muslims people that are harmless. The author has assembled a database that accounts
"every suicide bombing and attack around the globe from
1980 through 2003" (Pape pg. 7). There were 315 of terrorist suicide attacks at all. Pape believes
that the data proves that there is little connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic
fundamentalism. The main agitator of suicide attacks is "the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, a
Marxist–Leninist group whose members are from Hindu families but who are adamantly opposed to
religion" (Pape pg. 9). The Tamil Tigers committed 76 of the 315 suicide attacks. The author clearly
and convincingly gets his message across by supporting his ideas using a database of the suicide
attacks. The database helps the reader knows what all terrorist attacks have in common.
All suicide attacks have in common that "terrorist want to force modern democracies to withdraw
military forces from territory that the terrorists consider to be their homeland" (Pape pg. 9).

Eagle Scholarship Case Study
Was there a contract between GSU and Paul for the Eagle Scholarship? Yes, there was a unilateral
contract between GSU and Paul. For a basic contract to occur, a party has to make an offer (offeror)
and another part has to accept the offer (offeree). GSU, the offeror, was giving out a scholarship and
Paul, the offeree, accepted. 2.If so, what kind of contract was it? The kind of contract was a
unilateral contract. In a unilateral contract, only one party makes a promise (Mallor, Barnes,
Langvardt, Prenkert, & McCrory, 2016, p. 324). The 2013 catalog stated that GSU offers the Eagle
Scholarship to all incoming students who are in the top 10 percent of their high school classes and
have SAT scores of 1250 or higher (Mallor, Barnes, Langvardt, ... Show more content on
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Promissory Estopped is when one person might rely on a promise made by another, even though the
promise and the relevant circumstances are not sufficient to justify the conclusion that a contract
exists (Mallor, Barnes, Langvardt, Prenkert, & McCrory, 2016, p. 332). Investopedia states that a
Promissory Estoppel is a legal principle that a promise is enforceable by law, even if made without
formal consideration, when a promisor has made a promise to a promise, who then relies on that
promise to his subsequent detriment (Promissory Estoppel, 2017). Paul's subsequent detriment is
that he relied on the Eagle Scholarship to go to

7th July Communication Problems
People face communication problems during the 7th July bombing tragedy that negatively impacts
those involved in it. The communications system getting worst and being the limited response on
that day. People face poor communication coverage and have problems in contact others to ask for
help. The issued raised are communications breakdown such as lack of a mobile functioning radio
within London Subway and people phones went dead. The situation could not pass any information
and requests because fails to reach to the authorities and in providing help to the affected people.
The coverage of mobile phones being a problem and lack of network in the parts of Central London.
The lack of a digital radio network hampered the efforts of emergency service

Sherlock Holmes Research Paper
Where are these attacks coming from, and why? The innocent people of London are being found
dead without a drop of blood. Lucky for you I have everything you need to know and what to expect
for the future. There has been 4 deaths that are all tied somehow and we don't know the cause. The
bad news is that if we don't find the source, then we can't prevent anymore of these attacks from
happening. The good news is that we have the world's best detective, Sherlock Holmes is on the
case. Luckily we got an interview with him and he gave us some additional knowledge of the
mysterious killings. We have all you need to know all in one article. We cover everything from the
victims, to causes and clues, to solutions and suspects. Unfortunately we haven't

Map Of Great Britain Research Paper
Map of Great Britain (Present Time)
Located within the British Isles, Great Britain is one of the 9th largest islands in the world and the
largest island in Europe. The largest city is London, which is also the capital of England and the
United Kingdom. Other large and well known cities include Birmingham, Bristol, and Glasgow.
The island is bordered by four seas: the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea, the English Channel, and the
North Sea.
Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts
Made up of gently rolling hills such as Dartmoor or the Mourne Mountains
There are a large amount of smaller islands such as the Isle of Wight, Anglesey, and the Scilly.
Climate
The mild climate of Great Britain is controlled by the Gulf Stream. The surrounding sea gives a
varied climate, making it hard to predict the weather. The climate is changing from day to day.
Generally, the summers are warm and the winters are cool. During the winter, the region is known
for being cool and cloudy and the western parts of the island is known for being windy and rainy as
they are more influenced by the ocean. The eastern parts are drier and less windy. Summers are
warm, and cooler than Western summers.
Language(s) Spoken
The main language spoken is English (British English). Polish is also considered the second
language.
Major Religion(s)
Great Britain has one of the most religiously diverse populations in the European Union.
Christianity is the main religion, but the country also has large

Pape And Suicide Terrorism Chapter 2 Analysis
Pape tries to convey his ideas by explaining the meaning and history of terrorism in chapter two.
Terrorist groups have many things in commons. The terrorist groups are weaker than their
opponents. The modern suicide terrorism is lethal because the terrorist purpose is not only to die,
but to kill others. Pape states that his account about suicide terrorism should not be treated as a
general explanation for terrorism. Pape wrote that terrorism has two purposes: to gain supporters
and to persuade opponents. There are many types of terrorism, but Pape talks about the one that are
more important such as demonstrative terrorism, which seeks publicity, destructive terrorism, which
seeks to influence and persuade through injury, and to gain support, ... Show more content on
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Americans believe that "anti–American terrorism can be stopped only by wholesale transformation
of Muslim societies, a belief that helped create public support of the invasion of Iraq" (Pape pg.
102). Pape states that the suicide attacks are not because of religion, but terrorists want to withdraw
the democratic force from their home. Terrorists do not want foreign occupation to change their
values like the United States is trying to do with Iran. Foreign occupation includes when a state
takes control of a territory, and military occupation. In other words, the foreign states are
responsible for the suicide attacks because they occupy a foreign countries. The citizen of those
foreign countries do not want a foreign country trying to control their government. Terrorist attacks
innocent people because they are weaker than their opponents, and are not able to fight back against
the opponent's military, so they attack innocent people. Suicide terrorist do this because they don't
have the money or power to fight with a powerful country such as the United

Suicide Terrorism
Atran, Scott. 2003. "Genesis of Suicide Terrorism." American Association for the Advancement of
Science 299 (5612): 1534–1539. Accessed March 18, 2015.
http://www.jstor.org.ezp01.library.qut.edu.au/stable/3833755.
This journal reviews a variety of literature which looks at the deviant act of suicide through
terrorism. Suicide terrorism in contemporary society is perceived as "senseless" and "crazy" and in
modern culture believed to be conducted by people who are uneducated and are of a low social
status (Atran, 2003 p1534). The author finds that these common perceptions of these people are not
true, with most of these people who conduct this deviant act having no psychopathological
tendencies, as well as being well educated. Atran (2003) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Suicide is clearly defined throughout the article, as 'self–killing' or 'self–annihilation", and is an act
that has been mostly rejected by humanity due to its consequences (Yousuf, 2011, p237). Yousuf
(2011) reviews that within modern society, suicide is seen as a weapon, used by terrorists'
organizations with their overall aim to not only kill people, but to push political disputes, religion
and their ideologies. Yousuf (2011), concludes that there needs to be a nonviolent, peaceful solution
to prevent theses attacks, and that countries should push to understand these people, and therefore
identifying the issues and addressing them according. Overall this article concludes that terrorist
suicide in contemporary society is seen as a "crime against humanity" which needs to be dealt with
mutual understanding and respect, which therefore provides a different perspective into managing
this issue. (Yousuf, 2011,

Suicide Bombers Research Papers
Acts of terrorism come in many forms, using guns, bombs and even human beings as weapons of
mass destruction. This paper will focus on the last one, the use of human beings as a weapon,
otherwise known as suicide bombers. It will look into who they are, why they are used, how they
are trained and the devastation they can cause by their actions. Everyone remembers September 11
and the massive destruction and the tragic loss of so many lives that fateful day in New York city,
the Pentagon, and an empty field in Pennsylvania when three planes were taken over by suicide
bombers, as an act of terrorism on the American people. What are suicide bombers? By definition a
suicide bomber is, "a person who has a bomb hidden on his or her body and who kills himself or
herself in the attempt to kill others" (Cambridge Dictionary, 2015). The events of September 11
brought to light the devastating effects of what suicide bombers are capable of doing, showing that
human beings are being used as weapons of mass destruction. Men, women and even children are
used as 'human bombs 'and who are recruited, trained and willing to give up their own lives for the
'cause', they are usually promised that they will be remembered as a martyr or a hero to their
organizations and communities and "is what makes suicide bombers so dangerous" (Lewis, 2013).
What makes suicide bombers so dangerous is their ability" to recognize the precise time and place
to detonate their weapons for maximum

Suicide Bombing Affects The World
Suicide bombing is a good tactic for terrorists, because it is only limited by the terrorist group's
imagination. The reason for this is because suicide bombing, can be done in ways that can cause
amazing effects on the local population in which the attack happens. But the attack can also affect
the world as a whole. Suicide attack targets can vary greatly based on many factors including
security, and fortifications. Suicide bombings are not limited to only one gender, there have been
both women and men suicide bombers in the past. One of the best characteristics of suicide
bombing is that you are only limited by your imagination on how your attack can be done. You can
use a variety of methods and bomb technology to your advantage. Some ideas of possible bomb
technology could be a suicide vest that a person can wear underneath their clothing and that cannot
be found by metal detectors. Many attempts at using suicide bombing within clothing have been
failures however such as the underwear bomber. Suicide bombing can also be done by using
vehicles packed with artillery shells for example. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example during the days leading up to the 2014 winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia there was a
suicide bombing at a train station in the town of Volgograd. The attack on the train station, sent fears
all over Russia with the possibility of more suicide attacks on the site where the Olympics were
being held. The bombing also sent fears to the U.S. that the athletes that will be attending could be
in danger if another attack happened. This would eventually cause the Russian government to
actually deploy military units at the Olympic

Suicide Terrorism Research Paper
Suicide Terrorism has become the primary tool for terrorist in devastating cities and instilling fear in
communities. The terror attacks can either be focused towards people, government or a certain
infrastructure. There are several tactics of performing these acts of suicide terrorism; strapping
explosives to ones bodies and/or steering some sort of transportation into a place of gathering.
Understanding the mind of suicide terrorist can be very difficult. Their motivation to be a suicide
bomber may never be truly understood. Understanding the thought processes of terrorist can help
one to better comprehend the behaviors of a suicide bomber. It is considered to be the easiest and
most lethal act of violence to quickly cause the greatest amount ... Show more content on
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In sunlight or underwater, it turns yellowish–brown and then light yellow. This material is
considered more sensitive to impact, but less sensitive to friction.
Triacetone–Triperoxide (TATP) This material is white when fresh, ages to translucent color, can
resemble crack cocaine. Long exposure to sunlight will change TATP to a yellowish color. It can
also have vinegar like odor; may have an acetone or citrus smell when deteriorated. It is also
extremely sensitive to heat, shock or friction. It is very dangerous when dry and explodes freely in
air. (NAVSEA, 2009)
First responders including fire, paramedics, and law enforcement are particularly vulnerable because
HME laboratories are similar to illegal narcotic laboratories. Both may contain identical equipment.
Some HME items appear to be common household items that pose no danger and it may be difficult
at times to positively determine the true intentions of a suspect or group that possesses such items.
However, collecting detailed information about a suspect laboratory or cache may greatly assist a
trained chemist and other explosives specialists or analysts to determine the suspect's intentions or
capabilities by capturing, photographing or simply reporting items and their

The Terrorist Mind: An Update Analysis
A multitude of factors contribute to any type of reasoning or psychological makeup of an individual;
whether it is a person's history of behavioral problems, inability to maintain a functional
relationship, or in this case becoming part of a terrorist organization. In Sarah Kershaw's "The
Terrorist Mind: An Update", we are able to see what drives a person to commit acts of terror where
it is praised in a given community.
Much of how a person is affected can be attributed to their early life. "They include what Jerrold M.
Post, a professor of psychiatry, political psychology and international affairs at George Washington
University, calls "generational transmission" of extremist beliefs, which begins early in life; a strong

Why Suicide Terrorism Is An Effective Tactic
Critically examine why suicide terrorism is such an effective tactic.
Over the past decades suicide terrorism has confirmed its effective tactic and it is seem to be
developing and growing movement. Terrorism is designed to cause panic within people,
communities and countries but also to gain the publicity through media. Suicide terrorism, more
than other forms of terrorist activities is presenting determination and dedication both of dying by
individual terrorist as well as the desire to kill innocent people. Suicide terrorism is an attractive tool
for terrorist activities with guarantee media publicity with the international dimension. The aim of
the attacks is to draw attention of governments, international organisations and ... Show more
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Properly motivated suicide bomber is in a position to break closer to the attack point and is more
flexible which makes him more effective, also takes advantage of favourable situation. Suicide types
of attacks are particularly shocking to people who do not understand the rationale and motivation of
perpetrators of such attacks. In addition, it deepens the psychological effect of suicide bomb attacks
which is adding the fear and thus better promoting the objective of the terrorists.
Another element of the strategy is untwisting the "spiral of violence". The classic mechanism, which
assume the existence of cycles of suicide terrorism activity in a "action–repression–reaction" it is
aimed at lowering the public support for the government, and increase it for the terrorists. By
curried out the suicide terrorism attacks, the intension and aim of the terrorists is to hit the
repressive actions of the authorities not only in themselves but also in the group indentified with
them and/or their supporters (a specified ethnic group, religious, social or the entire society). As a
result, this process has lead to massive social explosion directed against the government. Such a
model of strategy for terrorism has been used by most of the leftist groups in Europe in the
nineteenth century, and in the

Suicide Bomber Research Paper
The modern day suicide bomber is effective in the sense that they do cause fear and death but is
greatly overused that they rarely become news worthy. Immediately after the 9/11 attacks, the
suicide bomber became all the rage and the ultimate fear of Americans. After ten years of war in the
Middle East and Southwest Asia, the suicide bomber is cliché to the terrorist ideology and
borderline boring and expected. Terrorists want to cause fear in a sense that causes a domino effect
of destruction. Though the suicide bomber is effective, there is nothing more effective than the use
of a biological attack in a crowded area. It is quiet, lethal and takes a long time to detect the source
and even longer time to trace it back to a suspect. Within ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A bio–terror attack has happened and no one is safe.
Selected CBRN agent background: According to the Center for Disease Control, VX is one of the
nerve agents, which are the most toxic of the known chemical warfare agents. It is tasteless and
odorless. Exposure to VX can cause death in minutes. As little as one drop of VX on the skin can be
fatal. Nerve agents are chemically similar to organophosphate pesticides and exert their effects by
interfering with the normal function of the nervous system. (CDC 2015)
Proposed Terrorist Scenario: More sophisticated terrorist networks understand the need to strike on
the inside and let their target implode instead of explode. More damage is done when and
infrastructure is taken down over the death of 30 people. The day after Thanksgiving known as
Black Friday is the busiest holiday shopping day in the United States. Millions of people are up in
the early hours to take advantage of early deals and limited items. Being that it takes a mere drop of
the nerve agent VX to be fatal, a cup of VX in aerosol form has the potential to be more devastating
than the 9/11 attacks. A large, multi–level mall is the primary target of such attack. At a point

Suicide Bombings Are on the Rise
Have you ever thought about killing yourself? Suicide is a big deal around the world especially in
America. Terrorism, If they are forced to become suicidal, if they get anything in return of killing
themselves to kill others, or if maybe if it is a religious thing. Suicide bombers are people who
attack other innocent people with the intention to cause great damage while taking their own life in
the process. These type of attacks are mostly related with religious beliefs and involvement from
terrorist groups all over the world. A suicide bomber's main purpose is to publicly kill themselves to
prove a point or send a devastating message. Suicide terrorism is such a broad term to define but it
is commonly known as the intent to cause ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Few people would volunteer themselves to commit suicide to knowngly cause harm to others so
terrorist find one way or another to attracts new people into their armys. Terrorists use suicide
attacks to enforce a sense of helplessness in their population to cause fear and chaos which leads
them to gain power in their state or region. The effects of suicide terrorism affects our country on a
daily basis and puts many innocent american citizens in a possible danger of one day being a victim
to these violents acts of crime. As you can tell from past events in our nation's history such as the
bombing of the twin towers and world trade center in new york city on September 11, 2001 these
groups of terrorists have caused great damage to not only the united states but many other countries
as well in their search for power and growth. Many other major known events have happened all
over the world which has attracted the attention of major political leaders. SInce the cost of putting
together a bomb together and attaching it to a human being is so cheap this strategy has been
effective throughout the past years from various terrorist groups to lead their warpaths. The united
states as well as many allied countries from europe have dispatched battle groups for the protection
of its own land but as well to attempt

The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism by Pape, Bloom,...
"Terrorism involves the use of violence by an organization other than a national government to
cause intimidation or fear among a target audience;" at least, this is how Pape (2003) defines
terrorism in his article "The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism" (343). The goal of this article by
Pape is to discuss suicide terrorism and how it "follows a strategic logic, one specifically designed
to coerce modern liberal democracies to make significant territorial concessions" (343). Similar to
Pape, Bloom (2004) and Horowitz (2010) also delve into the exponential increase of suicide
terrorism and why it occurs. Although Pape, Bloom, and Horowitz concur that suicide terrorism is
increasing, they disagree why it is so prominent. While the ... Show more content on
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in Pape 347). As far as occupation, Pape (2003) feels it plays a key role within the property of
timing. Between 1980 and 2001, 188 separate suicide attacks occurred, 179 of which were parts of
terroristic campaigns, and a majority of these campaigns were direct results of seven disputes: "the
presence of American and French forces in Lebanon, Israeli occupation of West Bank and Gaza, the
independence of the Tamil regions of Sri Lanka, the independence of the Kurdish region of Turkey,
Russian occupation of Chechnya, Indian occupation of Kashmir, and the presence of American
forces on the Saudi Arabian Peninsula" (347). Therefore, it is no surprise why Pape believes the
resentment of foreign occupation is such an effective motivator for suicide terrorism (357). Unlike
Pape (2003), Bloom (2004) takes the perspective that ethnic outbidding and standard–bearers are the
greatest influence on the escalation of suicide terrorist attacks. According to Bloom, without the
presence of monopoly over force, bombing efforts increased in occurrence and magnitude and there
was a rise of groups claiming responsibility in an effort to outbid other terrorist groups, thus
creating a competitive and outbidding domino effect (65). Bloom also states "with every major
attack since November 2000, support for suicide bombings has increased and support for the
Palestinian Authority has decreased"

Essay on terrorism
Terrorism
Imagine a clear blue, sunlit morning; the most beautiful day you can recall. Imagine waking up from
an amazing dream of a clear horizon. Imagine putting on your new fresh suit, to start your new job.
Imagine having that extra hop in your step as you leave your front door, your mind anxiously
awaiting the adventure of a new beginning to an amazing day. Then, imagine not getting to where
you needed to be. Not because you fell victim to a traffic jam or missed the bus, but because you
were a victim of a terrorist act – an innocent victim, whose life was cut short by terrorism. Shattered
dreams and lives are just some of the many effects that terrorism can bring about. Just how different
is each human than another? Anatomically ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For this purpose, the terrorist organizations exploit diverse media venues in order to advance their
interests (Sowell). Terrorism's function is to instill fear in as many people as possible promoting
change. Terrorists use the media to further extend the fear in everyone. "Scaring as many people as
possible is the true just in terror" (Sowell). The media spreads confusion that disrupts a whole
society. Terrorism is used as a tool of violence to create a climate of fear in a population and thereby
bring out a particular political object ("Terrorism"). "The purpose of terrorism is to get the most
bang for your buck with such limited resources" (Sowell). The media does the work for terrorists.
There have been many attacks on the United States to this day including the first attack on the
World Trade Center, The Oklahoma bombing, and other attacks on U.S. embassies around the
world. The deadliest attack ever was the attack on September 11, 2001. This attack consisted of four
planes that were hijacked by suicidal terrorists. The terrorists crashed two planes into the World
Trade Center, one into each tower. The third plane was crashed into the Pentagon and the forth
crashed into a field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. During this attack, 266 people died on the planes
and thousands more died in and around the buildings ("Info War"). This, however, was

Analytical Review of Cutting the Fuse
This quote by Pat Robertson works as a great illustration for how our nation reacted to the suicide
attacks carried out by Al–Qaeda on United States soil. The initial reaction by political pundits and
politicians alike was that the only cause of these attacks was due to a radical Islamic view on the
world. However, in Robert A. Pape and James K. Feldman's book Cutting the Fuse they try to
analyze data on suicide bombing and try to determine what is the root cause of these violent acts.
Their conclusions are the exact opposite of the rhetoric that was presented to the American public.
Instead of blaming Islamic extremists, they instead come to the conclusion, "that military
occupation is the main factor driving suicide terrorism" (Pape & Feldman 10). Furthermore, they
also put forth the argument that our current military strategies involving military occupation are
counter–productive because rather than deterring violence, it actually increases suicide–bombings
committed against American forces. In this paper I will examine the conclusions Robert Pape and
James Feldman have come to and will also analyze these conclusions in Cutting the Fuse with a
belief that this text works to refute much of what the American public has been told. However,
before we can begin to analyze the judgements that are presented within the text I must first defend
my position as to why I believe Cutting the Fuse is an excellent book. During a heated press
conference in 2009 former University of

After Action Review
After Action Review
Throughout the history of the United States, the military is usually employed to suppress
insurrection and rebellion, to enforce the law as well as perform many other duties of the
Federation, state and local affairs. While support to the nations is usually overshadowed by the
high–profile duty of detracting it, military support is a vital mission which still continues to grow as
alluded to by the number of domestic problems to which the Department of Defense (DOD) has
responded to in past years (Grange & Johnson 1997, p.108). The U.S has acknowledged and
prepared for terrorist attacks for years. The terrorist events in the fall of 2001 put to test the extent to
which the local, State, and Federal emergencies had in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
London police departments had to coordinate fatalities from the four different bomb locations. The
pre–planned autopsy arrangements were effective, but the process of body identification was too
long; numerous families and relatives of victims have gone through profound distress due to the
lack of objective information about the exact victims and survivors of the critical incident. The
bombings have led to the creation of a new critical incident plan. The plan could be coordinated at
the international level. London bombings have led to realization of potential threats and hazards,
and unresolved safety issues. London bombings have become a real–life test for the pre–prepared
critical incident plans earlier developed by emergency professionals.
Oklahoma City Bombings 1995 Oklahoma City Bombings were as unexpected as critical incidents
in London later in 2005. In distinction from London, Oklahoma did not place communications to the
forefront of the emergency rescue operations. Oklahoma City emergency strategy was headed by
first–in fire companies, medical, and law enforcement personnel, civilians and voluntary
organizations. A "controlled perimeter was created around the dangerous site" (The Oklahoma
Department of Civil Emergency Management, 1995). Casualty Bureau has accepted and processed
critical amount of information immediately after London bombings occurred. Casualty Bureau dealt
with

The Strategic Logic Of Suicide Terrorism Summary
Strategic Logic and Suicide Terrorism
Suicide terrorism is frequently associated with irrational behavior. In the article "The Strategic
Logic of Suicide Terrorism" written by Robert A. Pape, he asserts that suicide terrorism are
strategies of rational thinking. Furthermore, he claims that leaders of terrorist organizations utilize
suicide terrorism, as a form of coercion. Thus, he characterizes suicide terrorism as a rational and
strategic act amongst the leaders of terrorist organizations to achieve their political objectives.
Although Pape constructed a significant correlation between coercion, suicide terrorism, and
success. The article, however, fails to present a well–balanced argument, opposing viewpoints, and
lacked sufficient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, he emphasizes how terrorist organization in turn assess their targets. Targeting democracies at
a certain time in policy debate lead Pape to conclude that the coercive nature of the suicide terrorist
attacks is what make them successful in achieving their goals. The author uses two key examples to
explain his findings. He emphasis the success of coercion with policy decisions. Israel's withdraw
from Gaza, "Israeli concessions increased their confidence in coercive effectiveness of suicide
attack" The Crucial Case of Hamas "examinations of the crucial cases demonstrates that terrorist
groups came to the conclusion that suicide attack accelerated Israeli's withdraw in both cases" ().
Pape concludes that viewing the increasing success of terrorist attacks to coerce governments it
actuality it is not successful as often as terrorist wants. In Papas premise, he makes the claim that
there is a strategic logic behind suicide terrorism. His central argument is, in fact, a valid one to
make. The nature of these attacks are far more advance and coherent to be random and irrational.
The author does an excellent job of making that appoint at the beginning of the article. The fact that
he emphasizes timing "nearly all suicide attacks occur in coherent campaigns," targets "for the last
two decades aimed at democracies," and nationalism "gaining control over territory"

Final Counterterrorism Strategy Analysis
A final counterterrorism strategy believes that both prior strategies are flawed in their identification
of what causes terrorism, and as such, will lead to a failed policy. This counterterrorism strategy
focuses on the idea that previous strategies misidentify terrorism as being a politically motivated
action (Abrahms 2008). Instead, there is a believe that terrorist organization and terrorism itself is
utilized as a means to maximize social solidarity (Abrahms 2008). This model is known as the
natural systems model, which is an organization theory shows the correct way to identify why
terrorists act for social solidarity and not political goals. The natural system model stresses a
disconnect between the group's official goals and the social ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The first part of this strategy is to breed the seeds of mistrust into the organization, which can be
done by offering incentive packages (Abrahms 2008). This includes a lighter prison sentence if good
information is given about the group, or a lighter sentence if one becomes a double agent for the
government (Abrahms 2008). This is the basic idea of destroying an organization from within. The
second part of the attack on the demand side is to reduce the demand for populations to want to
utilize terrorism in the first place. This means unalienating certain groups in society, which requires
political reform to put down hate and bigotry directed at them (Abrahms 2008). Also, this is done to
alienate groups of extremists that would argue that terrorism is the only way to protect their way of
life (Abrahms 2008). The final note this strategy gives is that counterterrorism operations need to
minimize collateral damage, which will keep the populous support away from the terrorists.
However, although this strategy makes strong arguments about the idea of social solidarity
maximization, I do believe part of the strategy is

The Causes And Impacts Of Hurricane Katrina
In the year of 2005 one tragic event had happened to the Gulf Coast of the United States. On August
29, 2005 Hurricane Katrina, a Category 3 storm made landfall, and affected hundreds of thousands
of people from Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama. These people were evacuated from their homes,
and authority estimates that this hurricane generated more than $100 billion in damages. This
hurricane was able to maintain winds up to 100 to 140 miles per hour and was 400 miles across.
Hurricane Katrina started to develop over the Bahamas on August 23, 2005, so meteorologist were
able to notify people in the states of the Gulf Coast that a massive storms was about to hit. New
Orleans was a major city that was going to get struck. Nearly 80 percent of New Orleans was
flooded with water. Hurricane Katrina killed almost 2,000 people and impacted 90,000 square miles
of the United States.
YouTube, is a popular website that is still used to this day. This website was created on February 14,
2005 by three PayPal staff members, Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim. The first
YouTube video that was uploaded on April 23 and was called Me at the zoo. The video is starring
Jawed Karim as he is at the zoo in San Diego. An advertisement of Nike was the first video that
reached one million views in September on the popular online video website. YouTube was
developed in San Mateo, California, USA. While the inventors of YouTube were in the process of
uploading they experienced a small issue. There

Gill Hicks : A Survivor Of A Terrorist Attack
Prem Panchal Professor Ruiz English 1301.022 September 23, 2016 Gill Hicks: A survivor of a
Terrorist attack In this Ted Talk, Gill Hicks, a survivor and activist, shares "I survived a terrorist
attack. Here 's what I learned" with every buddy on May 2016 at TEDxSydney. Gill Hicks published
architecture and design journals. Hicks begins by revisiting the incident and talks about how 19–
year–old suicide bomber would teach her a lesson. A lesson he taught her was to never believe any
one or anything that you don't know. According to Hicks, on a Thursday morning in July 2005, the
bomber and Hicks, entered the same train at same time. She unknowingly was standing just feet 's
apart. As the bombers hand were hovering over the detonation switch, she thought that what was he
thinking when he hit that switch, what went through his mind. She knew it wasn't personal, he didn't
come to kill one particular person. We thought them as an enemy but instead we were the enemies.
It allowed bomber to press that button. During that suicide bombing, 26 lives were taken, and she
was close to being counted as one of them. The bomb went off as quickly as it takes to draw a
breath. Who would have thought this would happen? That day she lost both of her legs. A young
Australian woman in London, enjoying her visit, wasn't ready for any of this. A young woman who
was determined to live longer. She stayed calm, lowered her breath, used her scarf to tie tourniquets
around the tops of her legs. She

An Investigation Into Response For Disaster Using...
An Investigation into Response to Disaster Using Qualitative Methods
Abstract
This study investigated the accounts of individuals involved in the London underground bombings
in 2005. Throughout this investigation, thematic analysis was conducted on six eyewitness accounts,
highlighting their feelings and actions, which came about as a result of the incident. From these
accounts I obtained 4 key themes, which were consistent components of the six accounts. Evidently,
I found that the two most common themes were 'helping behaviour' and the 'panic' myth. This was
rather unexpected, as initially, I expected to find irrational and helpless behaviour, due to the panic
and stress of being trapped in a bombed underground. To conclude, the investigation illuminated the
concept of helping others before helping ones self. Thus, contradicting the concept of survival of the
fittest, as in this case the 'fittest' were those who took it upon themselves to assist other passengers
in need. Therefore, highlighting the power of empathy which was risen with experiencing the
disaster.
Introduction
Terrorist attacks are a consistent global occurrence.The 2005 London underground bombings was an
attack which caused largest mass fatality occurrence in the UK since World War 2. As a result the
comfort and use of public transport in the UK was greatly impacted. Research into the fatalities and
physical repercussions of tragedies are amplified globally. For instance it is considered factual that
the

Three Currents Affairs Affecting Public Services
CURRENTS AFFAIRS
|Course Tutor – Ali Calthorpe |Year – 2012/2013 |
|Unit – Unit 3 Citizenship and Diversity |Tutor – Ali Calthorpe |
|Assignment Title – The media, current affairs and support within the public services |
|Handout date – w/c 20/05/2013 |Submission date – w/c 03/06/2013 |
|Outcomes Covered |
|Outcome ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You must illustrate that you can |
|report on current affairs and their impact upon your police service in a balanced approach. You will
be required to attend an |
|assessment centre and complete various tasks in order to successfully be appointed in the role. |
| |
|Task One: (P7) (P8) |
|Your first task is to write a special news article where you must report on three examples of current
affairs that affect |
|public services and citizens (P7). In the final part of your article you should present information on
how the media reports |
|current affairs involving public services (P8).You should include in your article how the media have
reported these different |
|current affairs and the public services' response.Consider if the media coverage differs in different
newspapers or television|
|channels. For example, if some reports are favourable to the services and others not. |

Essay On Why Individuals Become Radicalized
There had been many theories trying to explain why individuals become radicalized, by identifying
some of the recurring features that might be found in terrorist group's dynamics, we could be able to
understand the reason for their attacks against society. We first must understand there are different
types of terrorist groups; however, most of these groups rely on similar tactics in order to send their
message across and get their demands. Let's take a closer look to the London subways bombing on
July 7, 2005 and some of their tactics, behavior and tools terrorists utilized to deliver that devastated
attack. There were four males, associated with the Islamic faith who conducted the attacks, their age
ranged from eighteen to thirty two years old and they utilized explosives as a tool for the attacks.
Terrorists utilized male and females to conduct terrorist attacks; however, Islamic terrorist groups
rely more on males to conduct most of the attacks, because in their eyes, they view males more
capable to conduct ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the terrorist members flew secretly to Afghanistan and Pakistan in order to obtain military
training. There are unconfirmed intelligence about Mohammad Sidique Khan, being part of the 2002
Bali bombing (London bomb link to Bali mastermind, The Age.). Most people believe that terrorists
are ignorant individuals who can't read or write and live inside of a cave in the middle of the desert;
however, this is far from true, not all terrorists are illiterate, matter fact, some of them are well
educated and dress and live a western lifestyle in order to maintain a low profile and avoid
unwanted attention from the community and Law Enforcement. In recent years, the individuals who
had conducted terrorist attacks were wearing western clothing in order to blend in with the general

The Role Of Terrorism And International Terrorism
Terrorism will be used to describe violent actions against groups of people or a nation, towards a
political end, by non–state groups, for the purpose of this paper . With the focus will be on cross–
broader terrorism rather than domestic terrorism. In regards to terrorist organisations, there is an
unprecedented need for a continuous flow of funding and the need for the immediate transfer of
these funds internationally. Funding is of paramount importance to terrorist groups in order for them
to carry out violent and horrific attacks on civilians of a foreign nation. The restriction of the source
and the transfer of these funds is as effective, in the reduction of terrorism, as police actions .
Therefore, the interception, monitoring and control of terrorist financing is crucial to resisting terror.
However, it is immensely difficult to detect and timely report the financial transactions on an
international scale and to hinder terrorist groups and its supporters from accessing international
financial markets . This dissertation aims at exploring these problem from the viewpoint of financial
regulations.
The first part of this dissertation will be a look into the creation and reform of anti–money
laundering and counter–terrorist financing policies after the 9/11 attacks. The September 11 attacks
did not only have a profound influence over national security and foreign policy but it also
dramatically impacted on financial markets on a global scale. The world not only

The Live 8 Concert Of Hyde Park
On July 2, 2005, the Live 8 concert was held in Hyde Park with the goal of highlighting the
problems of poverty in the world (BBC, 2005, n.p.). On July 6, 2005, the Olympic Committee
announced that London was going to host the 2012 Olympic games. On July 7, 2005, world leaders
were gathering in Gleneagles, the G8 Summit (Report of the Official Account of the Bombings in
London, May 11, 2006). The citizenship was in high spirits. On the morning of July 7, 2005 four
suicide bombers created chaos in the London Subway and the transportation system by self–
detonating three bombs in the underground subway system and one bomb on a double–decker bus.
This was an act of terrorism. The bombings cost the lives of 56 citizens – including the four
bombers and injured over 700 (Report of the Official Account of the Bombings in London, May 11,
2006). Responding agencies and the health care system were quickly overwhelmed. The subway
system as well as above ground transportation in the Camden borough was shut down. Immediately
after the attacks, law enforcement and counterintelligence agencies initiated measures to identify the
bombers and to prevent any further attacks. The investigation included analyzing the events leading
up to the attacks, and the response during and immediately after the attacks. Through investigation
the counterintelligence community can identify measures that can be implemented to better respond
to the global threat of terrorism, such as the benefits of redundant

The Threat Of Suicide Attacks
Another misconception is that fanatics create suicide terrorist attacks in isolated events, this is false.
The majority of suicide attacks are usually clustered events, which are part of a large campaign to
coerce a government. Those who reside in the most upper rankings of the organization, strategically
and carefully plan the timing of these campaigns. The timing of the attacks can be used to allow
time for negations, to encourage a government to act more swiftly, or to allow time for regrouping
due to the effects of the previous bombings. The timing is crucial to the ultimate goal of the
organization because the organizations do not want the effects of the attacks to be
counterproductive, if an organization is in negotiations with the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Terrorist organizations will most likely announce their goals and demand and if they are not met
suicide attacks as well as other attacks will be carried out, until the demands are met. Once the goals
are moderately obtained, the attacks will systematically stop. C. Suicide terrorism has become
increasingly popular because many terrorists are confident in their ability to carry out the attack.
The act of suicide bombing is more secure for the organization as a whole, than any other method.
Instead of having to create and intricate escape plan and risk the bomber being captured, the bomber
will simply perish with all the information they know. There is a low risk factor for the organization,
the insurgent would not need to extensively plan out every detail of the attack because if needed the
individual could change their plan and still be able to inflict a devastating effect. These individuals
are classified as "ultimate smart bombs", they are able to move about freely and change locations to
create the most damage. These human smart bombs are not only able to attack the masses but also a
specific target (Hoffman 132). If an issue arises, they are more flexible then other types of warfare
such as placed bombs. These last minute changes are crucial to the overall effectiveness of the
attack. The attacks would also not take a financial strain on the organization. With the average

London Underground Murders
On July 7, 2005 in the United Kingdom, London 52 people were killed in a terrorist attack and 700
were injured. At 8:50 am on July 7, 2005, explosions tore through three trains on the London
Underground, killing 39 people. An hour later 13 people were killed when a bomb detonated on the
upper deck of a bus in Tavistock Square. More than 700 people were injured in the four attacks. The
bombings quickly shattered the joy that had accompanied the announcement the previous day that
the International Olympic Committee had awarded London the 2012 Summer Games. In response,
the London Underground was closed in central London and thousands of hours of footage from
London's ubiquitous closed circuit televisions were scanned for evidence. In the initial

Terrorism Impact On Terrorism
1. Introduction
Twelve years have passed since four coordinated terrorist bomb attacks occurred in central London
on the 7th of July in 2005, conducted by four suicide bombers. Three of the attacks took place in
London Underground trains, on the Circle line near Aldgate, on the Piccadilly line near Russel
Square and at Edgware Road. The fourth bomb attack happened on a double–decker bus in
Tavistock Square. The attacks happened during busy rush–hour and the was one hour between the
three London Underground train attacks and the attack on the bus. Fifty–two people were killed and
more than 700 were injured in the attacks, the bomb attack being the worst terror attack in the UK
since the 1988 Lockerbie bombing. This terrorist attack affected people severely physically, but
most of all, emotionally. The results of a telephone survey done within the general population of
London after the July 7th bombings, show that 55% of 1,010 participants felt their life was in
danger from terrorism and 86% of the participants thought that another attack on London was likely
in the near future (Greenberg, Rubin, & Wessely, 2005).
In the past decade, there have been an increased amount of terrorist attacks in Europe, such as
terrorist attacks in Paris in November 2016 and in Manchester Arena in May 2017. Whenever a
terrorist attack happens in Europe, it is widely reported on various media outlets and the extensive
media network of present–day allows news to spread quickly. Consequently, even

2004 Madrid Bombings
The 2004 Madrid Bombings and The 2005 London Bombings On March 11, 2004 10 bombs
exploded on four trains in Madrid on the rush hour morning. 191 people were killed and 2000 were
injured. The bombs were set off from mobile phones. Madrid's Atocha station seemed to be the
terrorist main target. "It was the worst terror attack in Spain's history, the work of a radical Jihadist
cell loosely linked to al–Qaida" (Murado). 21 people were convicted in the Madrid bombing. The
main people involved in the attack was: Jamal Zougam, Jose Emilio Suarez Trashorras, and Basel
Ghalyoun. Jamal Zougam was the one who ran a mobile shop in Madrid. Jose Emilio Suarez
Trashorras was a miner who supplied some of the explosives. Basel Ghalyoun had the apartment
were

The Islamic State Of Islam
A terrorist is a person who frightens other people especially as a political weapon with an aim of
demoralizing the government by terror. The aim is to create a political, religious or ideological
terror.
A Jihadist refers to a person whose belief is that the Islamic state governing the Muslims must be
created and that if this is violated then there is a violent conflict.
A Fundamentalist is a person who believes in the strict interpretation of principles related to religion
and in tolerates other views related to secularism.
Al–Qaeda is a term derived from the Arabic language meaning the foundation. It is a group of
Muslims who follow Wahhabism and Islamic principles and Islamic leaders who should be
replaced.
ISIS stands for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At this time, President Ronald Reagan was among those people who were injured in an attempt
assassination of Hinkley. (Cann, 2006)
On 16 May 1986 in Cokeville, Wyoming, there was a terror attack where two people were killed and
79 people were injured. At this time, two Aryan Nation members took 150 students and teachers
hostage at a school. Then there were accidental explodes of bombs where one terrorist was killed
and many children were injured. Then another terrorist committed suicide out of this incidence.
Question 5: Terrorist attacks 1990–2000
On 27 July 1996 in the town of Atlanta, Georgia, there was a terror attack where two people were
killed and 110 were injured. This occurred after a pipe bomb explodes at night concert at Summer
Olympic Games. Of the two people who died, one of the victims died out of heart attack.
On 20 April 1999 in Littleton, Colorado, there was a terror attack where 15 people died and 27
people got injured. In this attack, there was a serious shooting at the Columbine High School by two
students. Among those who died, 12 were students and one teacher. Then the two gunmen
committed suicide by shooting themselves. (Smith, 2003)
Question 6: Terrorists tactics, goals and strategies
Tactics used by terrorists include the following:
a) Suicide attacks– this is where the attacker on a mission to cause an attack does not expect to
survive. In order for the attack to succeed the attacker must perish. The attacker uses methods like
planting

Examples Of Self Sacrifice Tactics
Modern self–sacrifice terrorist tactics mainly involve suicide attacks. Since 9/11, most terrorist
offensives have been driven by a religious motivation, principally Islamic (Hoffman, 2006:131). In
spite of the general belief, religion is not the principal force driving suicide attacks. The aim of this
essay is to attempt to explain the real incentives behind self–sacrifice tactics by making two basic
distinctions: individual and group motivations. The focus will then move on to explaining
martyrdom and how groups use it as a justification for their attacks. Although the main focus will be
on suicide attacks, the essay will also mention other forms of self–sacrifice, such as hunger strikes,
that some terrorist groups have used. Before presenting the arguments, however, I will give a brief
explanation on what suicide terrorism is considered to be.
Suicide terrorism
Although general belief is that suicide terrorism is quite a modern phenomenon, it is a method that
has been used since ancient times, from Samson in the Old Testament to the Sicarii and Assassins in
the Middle Ages and Muslim groups fighting against colonial forces during the 19th century
(Stanciu, 2007). As of today, suicide attacks are linked to religious terrorism (Hoffman, 2006), but
secular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most volunteers are driven by their desire for revenge, for they have been personally affected by it.
"The harassment that I and my parents have suffered at the hands of the army" a twenty–two–year–
old man whose three brothers were killed fighting for the Tamil Tigers said, "makes me want to take
revenge" (cited in Richardson, 2006:111). In Palestinian Hamas terrorist group, the hatred against
Israeli government and forces increased after the organisation was banned from the country,
resulting in the affiliation of more radicalised members (Hoffman,

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