This document discusses speech acts, which are utterances that serve a communicative function. Speech acts include real-world interactions that require knowledge of both language and appropriate cultural usage of that language. The document provides examples of different types of speech acts, such as apologies, greetings, requests, complaints, invitations, refusals, and compliments. It also discusses the components of speech acts, including locutionary acts (the actual words), illocutionary acts (the intention of the speaker), and perlocutionary acts (the effect on the listener or reader).