8. RECONQUEST
• The capturing of lost territory
through military force. The
Reconquista of the Peninsula by
Christians kings lasted from the
8 century to the 15 century.
th th
10. The Kingdom of Asturias
• During the Muslim conquest, some Christians
Visigoth nobles took refuge in the Cordillera
Cantábrica.
• Among these nobles was Pelayo (Pelagius). He
defeated the Muslims for the first time in722
in Covadonga (Asturias).
• This battle is believed to be the beginning of
the Reconquista.
15. The capital of kingdom of Asturias was
Oviedo
• Santa María del Naranco
was built in the 9 century
th
as a royal palace for the
Asturian kings in Oviedo
17. The kingdom of León
• With Alfonso III the kingdom
of Asturias extended until the
river Duero. The kingdom of
Asturias was renamed as
kingdom of Leon in 854.
19. ALFONSO III
• Alfonso III built a
defensive line of
castles in the west of
the kingdom of Leon
as protection from
the Muslim army.
This territory was
named Castile
20. The kingdom of Castile
• In the 10th century, Castile was
governed by counts under the
control of the king of Leon. One of
these counts, Fernan Gonzalez,
gained independence from the
kingdom of Leon.
22. THE PYRENEAN COUNTIES AND
KINGDOMS
• The creation of the Marca
Hispánica
• The kingdom of Pamplona
• The kingdom of Aragón
• The Catalan counties
23. The Marca Hispanica
• Was created by Charlemagne as a
defensive zone divided into counties
to protect his territory from the
Muslims
• When Charlemagne died, many of
these counties became kingdoms
and independent counties from the
Frankish imperial rule.
26. The kingdom of Pamplona
• The count of Pamplona, Iñigo Arista, gained
control of his territory from the Franks and
created the kingdom of Pamplona in 830.
• Experienced its greatest expansion under
Sancho III el Grande. He united the kingdom
of Pamplona (later kingdom of Navarre), and
the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. This
territory was divided among his sons when hi
died.
27. QUIZ
A) What was the Marca Hispánica?
B) When was the kingdom of Pamplona
created?
28. ANSWERS
A) The Marca Hispánica was a zone created by
Charlemagne to defend his territory from the
Muslim army
B) The kingdom of Pamplona was created in 830
29. The kingdom of Aragon
• In the 9th century, some Aragonese counties in
the Marca Hispánica (Aragón, Sobrarbe and
Ribagorza) freed themselves from Frankish
rule. Ramiro I, the son of Sancho III,
proclaimed himself king of Aragon
31. The Catalan Counties
• In the 9th century, Wilfred the Hairy
(Wifredo el Velloso), count of Barcelona,
extended his rule to include others
Catalan counties. In 987, another count
of Barcelona, Borrell II, gained
independence of the Franks. He then left
his territories to his sons.
34. QUICK REVISION
• Charlemagne created The Marca
Hispánica to defend his territory
from Muslim armies.
• The Marca Hispánica was divided
into counties that eventually gained
independence from Frankish rule
40. ANSWERS
6. Pamplona: Sancho III
Aragón: Ramiro I
Catalan counties: Borrell II
7. The Marca Hispánica was a defensive zone
created by Charlemagne to protect his
Pyrenees territories
41. The resettlement (repoblación)
• It is the process of occupation of territory
after the Christians kings conquered it from
the Muslims.
• Once conquered, the territory became
property of the King.
• Then,
44. The territory could be given to
monasteries
Monasterio de Santo Toribio de Monasterio de San Miguel de la
Liébana de Potes Escalada
45. The king awarded privileges to the
settlers.
The privileges were:
• Trade permits These privileges were
• Personal freedom detailed in a document.
• Exemptions from taxes
This document is called the
settlement letter (carta
puebla o carta de
poblamiento)
46. SETTLEMENT LETTERS
CARTA PUEBLA DE AZUEBAR
CARTA PUEBLA DE CIUDAD REAL (Valencia)
47. P. 59
ACTIVITIES
A) What was resettlement?
B) What was a settlement letter?
48. A) Resettlement was the process of Christian
occupation of territory taken from Muslims.
B) Settlement letters were documents detailing
the privileges awarded by kings to settlers.