The Five Sub-Types Of Specific Phobia

The Five Sub-Types Of Specific Phobia
Specific phobia, also known as simple phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by persistent and
unreasonable fear of something or fear of a situation, wherein such fear is not proportionate to the
danger or risk of that thing or situation that a person has the fear of. The five sub–type of specific
phobia are the animal, natural environment, blood injection injury, situational and others. The most
common specific phobia is the animal phobia. Examples of this animal phobia include fear of dogs,
snakes, insects or mice. To prevent over diagnosis of specific phobia, DSM 5 have made several
changes based on the over assessment of danger or erratic fear. To be considered as one of the
specific phobias, it should meet the requirements
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Phobia Informative Speech
a. Visualize driving to the doctor's office. You have a yearly check–up today, which you don't mind
at all. However, it's that time of year again. You know that you'll be getting the flu shot, as well.
Your heart is pounding, you can't control how sweaty you are, and you're shaking hard enough to
impair your driving. This isn't just a simple fear; it's debilitating beyond belief, and you can't stop
the imminent feeling of danger and doom. The thought of the needle going into your arm sends you
into a state of intense fear that you can't avoid. If you've ever experienced something similar to this,
you may have aichmophobia, which is phobia that is based upon the fear of needles or sharp objects
(Aichmophobia, n.d.).
b. Almost everyone has fears. It can be as simple as a fear of spiders or as complex as a fear of being
in a car accident. However, whenever that fear combines with anxiety and a few other factors, it is
actually a phobia.
c. I'm sure a lot of you already have a general idea of what a phobia is, but today I will tell you more
about what distinguishes a phobia from simple fear or anxiety, what the symptoms are and the effect
they can have on a person's life, how a person gets a phobia, and what can be done to treat it.
II. Body of the Speech
a. What are phobias?
i. To begin with, it is important to distinguish a phobia from fear or anxiety. ii. A phobia goes
beyond just being afraid of something. According to MedlinePlus (2016), it is an anxiety disorder

Frightened Children : Phobias And Childhood
Frightened Children: Phobias in Childhood Marissa Kohler PS–506: Lifespan Development Jennifer
Pedersen, Ph.D. October 22, 2014 Kaplan University Frightened Children: Phobias in Childhood
Introduction Phobias typically present themselves for the first time during childhood. In most cases
they are outgrown over time. However, there are some cases where specific phobias do not get
outgrown and eventually become debilitating when they grow to interfere with an individual's daily
life. Childhood is a period during which an individual begins to interact with more of the world
around them. A child is constantly introduced to new people, things and experiences. As this
happens if a child does not also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jackson likes to look at nature and animal picture books and watch nature shows on television. His
parents and teachers have noticed behavioral changes in him over the past few years. He has
progressively developed a few phobias to things, specifically spiders, heights and germs. The
purpose of this research was to determine the origin of Jackson's phobias and see if there was a
specific incident or event which caused them. Determining the specific cause would assist in finding
an effective treatment method for Jackson to learn appropriate coping skills and possibly overcome
the phobias. Background Jackson was diagnosed at three years old with pervasive developmental
disorder not otherwise specified (PDD–NOS) after his parents noticed a significant regression in his
vocalizations, attention and interactions with people. His behavior changes led to a secondary
diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Though he has limited verbal communication
skills and below normal social interaction skills, Jackson currently attends a mainstream school
where he receives a combination of individualized instruction time and mainstream instruction.
Jackson's mother has strong anxiety related to heights. She takes great care to avoid situations which
would place herself in that type of environment. His mother also has a tendency to raise a fuss over
safety conditions if Jackson encounters a situation where she is afraid. Jackson's

Extended Parallel Process Model Of Fear
Fear Is To Gain
There are currently 7.442 billion people in the world. 7.442 people in the world that are all
experiencing fear. Accordingly, out of those people in the world, 19.2 have a specific phobia caused
by fear. Which is an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief in something or someone that's likely
to be dangerous, threatful, or cause pain. Now, the way all people see the world is different. Just like
all people have fear of different things. In other words, everyone once in their lifetime is going to
have fear or something. Whether that fear is being scared to ride a 72 Mph roller coaster, going to
see the dentist, or just being themselves. The real question is, is fear for the good or bad? Fear could
come in both ways, but if we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
19.2 billion people in the world have a specific phobia because of fear. Here is an example of fear
for the worst. You have a phobia called thanatophobia, which is the fear of death. You spend your
whole life being scared of death that you don't live your life to the fullest. You don't go on hikes
because you're afraid you going to fall and die, you're afraid of traveling because you fear you could
be attacked at any given time. You isolate yourself from the entire world around you because you
have a feeling that if you take one step outside it could cause your death. With the phobia of this,
you aren't even really living. You isolate yourself from even your friends and family, sports,
education, everything. It turns you to going crazy and ending up doing stupid things till the point
you lose everything. Maybe even your life. This is fear for the bad because you don't use fear to
your advantage. You let fear win, and you become someone you're

How Phobias Affect People And How Can Overcome Their Phobia
Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will know how phobias affect people and how to
overcome their phobia.
I. Introduction
a. Imagine being so afraid of something that you try everything in your power to avoid it. For
example, someone who fears spiders is not going to walk that trail that leads into a wooded area and
you can almost guarantee that the person who isn't too fond of heights isn't going to walk across that
tall bridge. If you ask these people why they won't partake in these activates, they would probably
respond with "I don't want to" or "I'm afraid to". Sure most, if not all, of us are afraid of something.
I'm not thrilled to be standing up in front of everyone giving a speech, but here I stand.
b. If your fear prevents you from doing certain activates, then it isn't just a fear, it is actually a
phobia. In 2013, Patterson wrote that, "A phobia is described as a chronic and extreme fear of an
object or situation out of proportion to the danger actually presented by the feared "thing." (p. 58).
c. I find this description to be most accurate because I, at one point in my life, had a phobia. The
phobia I had is called coasterphobia and if the name isn't a dead giveaway, it is the fear of
rollercoasters. At that time, you could have offered me five hundred dollars to get on a rollercoaster
and I would have turned it down without hesitation. It wasn't until about three years ago that I
overcame my phobia and now I absolutely love roller coasters.
d.

Phobia Is An Extreme Or Irrational Fear Of Or Morbid Fear?
Phobia
Today I am going to be writing about phobia. The word phobia comes from the Greek: φόβος
(phóbos), meaning "aversion", "fear", or "morbid fear". In popular culture, it is common for specific
phobias to be given a name based on a Greek word for the object of the fear, plus the suffix –phobia.
Creating these terms is something of a word game. Few of these terms are found in medical
literature.
Phobia is an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something. People usually get phobias
because an unwanted, persistent fear of a certain situation or object causes an overwhelming distress
and interfere with daily life. Phobias are long lasting, it can cause intense physical and
psychological reactions. Phobias are mental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The amygdala processes the events accompanying with fear and is being linked to anxiety disorders
and social phobias. It learns to associate a conditioning stimulus with a negative or avoidant
stimulus, creating a conditioned fear response that is often seen in phobic individuals. In this way
the amygdala is accountable for not only recognizing certain stimuli or cues as dangerous, but plays
a role in the storage of intimidating stimuli to memory.
Not all phobias need treatment. If a phobia affects your daily life therapies are available that can
help you overcome your fear. There are many approaches used to treat phobias. These approaches
include: systematic desensitization, progressive relaxation, virtual reality, modeling, medications,
and hypnotherapy.
1. Systematic desensitization also known as graduated exposure therapy is a type of behavior
therapy used to help successfully overcome phobias and other anxiety disorders.
2. Progressive relaxation is a method for learning to monitor and control the state of muscular
tension.
3. Virtual Reality replicates an environment that simulates a physical presence in places in the real
world or an imagined world, allowing the user to interact in that world.
4. Modeling which is also called observational learning is a behaviorally based process that involves
the use of live or symbolic models to determine a particular behavior
5. Medication Medications can help regulate the uneasiness and fear that comes from

Phobias In Evolutionary Psychology
Phobias in Evolutionary Psychology
[Biology]
Name: Chelsie Ramirez
Essay Category: Biology
Faculty Advisor: Monique Lopez
Grade Level: 8th
School Name: Eastmont Intermediate School
School Address: 400 N. Bradshawe Ave.
Montebello, CA 90640
School Phone: (323) 721– 5133
Essay Abstract
Robert H. Herndon Memorial Science Competition
The title of my paper is ''Phobias in Evolutionary Psychology.'' The purpose of my essay is to
answer the question of ''Why do I have this phobia?'' and ''Can I conquer and face my worst fears?'' I
explain what a phobia is in detail using psychology expert Kendra Cherry and Science Daily
newspaper as sources. My conclusions were not theoretical as they were all based on fact and
respectable research from reliable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
'' states behaviorism expert About.com. The science of the mind uses certain techniques to rid our
brains of the certain detestation we have. Kendra Cherry psychology expert states, ''Positive
reinforcement involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it
more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future.'' To put in simpler words if you get
rewarded for doing something compliant you will want to keep doing that one good thing over and
over again because it makes you pleased with yourself. You can use this to conquer your fear
because with the example of the dog, you can see a small dog in a pet shop window and look at it.
After you can treat yourself to something you love. This causes your brain and yourself to feel
delighted with the small step you took

Traumatic Phobias
Phobias are an everyday annoyance found all over the world. Almost every human has some form of
a phobia. Phobias can be as small as being afraid of spiders, or as big as being afraid of dying.
Research has proved that one in 10 people suffer from a mildly traumatic phobia, and one in five
hundred people suffer from an extremely harmful phobia. Phobias are classified as an anxiety
disorder. Due to the distress of attempting avoidance of these fears, they become a huge part of
people's everyday lives and can even become disabling. B. F. Skinner made numerous discoveries
about the principles of instrumental conditioning in the 1940's and 1950's. He created models of
animals and their phobias. Joseph Wolpe contributed to the study as well in the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sigmund Freud believed that phobias had to do with our external bodies reflecting what our internal
emotions feel. Sigmund also believes the source of phobias always links back to your childhood. I
agree with this theory. As a child, your mind is so open and vulnerable that anything can influence
it. So if you were taught to be scared of snakes as a kid, you will most likely carry that with you
your whole life. Luckily, our world has learned to be so advanced to be able to help us cope with
these phobias. There are many therapy techniques that are made specifically with your phobia in
mind. In an article I read, I learned about a case of a woman named Ellen. Ellen had a fear of flying
due to a past uncomfortable experience. She was given hands on therapy that exposed her
completely to her fear. She was taken to visit airports and gradually worked up to just sitting on
planes. Once she was comfortable, she took various flights that increased in time. Nearly two years
later, Ellen got her pilot's license. As we advance farther into science, we are able to get closer and
closer to picking apart phobias. We are able to reach into the human brain, study it, and help cure
our fears! How cool is that? Although testing on animals isn't right, we can thank monkeys for
helping expand the knowledge of psychologists on phobias. As the years go on and we accumulate
more cases, we

Essay on Phobias
Phobias
Fear is a normal and an important human reaction to something dangerous, it keeps one out of
danger, because fear is disliked and one tries ones best to avoid the object or situation of fear. It
causes physical changes known as fight–or–flight reaction, which causes blood pressure to increase
and the heart rate to speed up to pump blood to the large muscles used to run away, to balance this
the human body has sweat glands which produce perspiration to cool the body.
Usually young people experience more fear than adults do (Metcalf).
When one has a fear of something, one normally does not spend much time thinking about it, and it
only affects one when one is forced to confront it. Just about everyone is afraid of something, ...
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However, phobia can even cause people to risk their health. For example, the fear of dentists can
leave people suffering from it willing to risk the health of their teeth in order to avoid having to go
through an exam or procedure ( MacKay). When one knows about an upcoming confrontation, it can
be the reason why one can not sleep or finds it hard to focus on important tasks. Due the change in
daily routine, this unrealistic fear can interfere with the ability to socialize, work, or go about
everyday life, brought on by and object, event or situation. But even animals have anxieties and
phobias just as every human being (www.phobia–help.de). A phobia is an irrational fear, one knows
that the object or situation, one is scared off, can not hurt one, but one is still afraid. A reason for this
is that the human mind can not distinguish what is real and imaginary. When one has uncontrollable
anxiety attacks, he loses rational judgement, leading to complicated problems. However, anyone can
develop a phobia, men and women, teens and young adults, and elderly lady or a one–year–old boy
(MacKay). Thereby it is not completely clear, what the causes for phobia are. Phobia is often caused
by something scary that happened earlier in somebody's life, but not every one develop phobias after
special experiences. An explanation for this could be that for some people certain parts of the brain
and specific neural pathways are associated with phobias. It is

Acrophobia: Fear and Heights
Acrophobia is an irrational fear of heights or high places. Many people dislike heights, but someone
with a clinical case of acrophobia can have intense emotional and physical responses at just the
thought of being in a high place. Acrophobia is simply a severe fear of heights. Now being afraid of
heights is a common and sometimes appropriate feeling. But the phobia part kicks in when you feel
afraid in a safe environment such as inside a skyscraper. Acrophobia is treated with graded exposure
therapy. (Horton, 2011) Fear of heights seems to have a simple physiological explanation, and there
is a solution to it: Learn to rely more on your ears for balancing. Fear of heights
In this essay I try to analyze my fear of height through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those kind of treatments that are supposed to work for everything from insomnia to arachnophobia
and shyness to talk to girls. I was pretty skeptical. The more I went to the mountains the less
confident and more acrophobic I became. Other popular treatments suggested on the internet include
group therapy, meditation, aromatherapy, drugs, anxiety relief. Well, not my kind of stuff. Besides, I
might have other phobias in mild forms, but I felt pretty strongly that this is different and a cure–it–
all solution won't work.
In a way, fear of heights may seem natural. It is supposed to protect one from falling, by forcing
them to avoid dangerous situations altogether. In this way it can even be seen as a healthy dose of
caution or survival instinct. Except I don't buy that. For me fear of height is not avoiding any danger,
it is the cause of the danger, by not allowing me to stay cool and rational and continue walking on a
perfectly safe, not–too–steep hiking trail. What's going on here? Others have said that acrophobia is
a conditioned fear, where some past negative experience triggers the panic attack. It is often
considered some protective action of the unconscious mind. Even though I've heard of people who
have died in climbing accidents, I know this is not the explanation for me. Whenever I felt fear of
heights, later it seemed

Is Fear Or Phobia? Essay
Introduction
Fear or Phobia?
Fear. Fear is an emotion that we have all experienced at least once or twice throughout our lives. It's
actually quite normal to be a little nervous around a snake slithering at your feet, or maybe even
getting sweaty palms before giving a speech in front of a large crowd. But when that fear starts to
become unbearable, so much so to the point that it becomes difficult to function, there is a
possibility that something a little past a simple fear is being experienced. A phobia is what could be
occurring.
What is a Phobia?
According to Depla, phobias are one of the most widely prevalent mental disorders on a lifetime
basis. Only major depressive disorder and alcohol abuse have a higher lifetime prevalence in the
surveys that were conducted. They also found a very high linkage between people suffering from a
specific phobia to having other mental disorders as well, a percentage as high as 80%. Things bring
forward the question, what exactly is a phobia?
A phobia is an irrational and/or disproportionate fear of an item or circumstance. More likely than
not, the phobia consists of a sense of endangerment or a fear of harm says Raphael Rose, PhD,
associate director of the Anxiety Disorders Research Center and associate clinical professor at the
University of California–Los Angeles' Department of Psychology and Psychiatry and Bio behavioral
Sciences. The National Institute of Mental Health reports that an estimated 19.2 million adults are
dealing

Symptoms And Treatment Of Phobias
Fear is an aspect of life people deal with every day. Being afraid is part of what makes people
human. Fear that grows with adulthood or causes people to have different conduct is known as a
phobia. A phobia can elicit physical or emotional discomfort when it comes to the fear of an object
or situation that can be treated by therapy or medication in most cases, or untreatable in others.
There are four subtypes of specific phobias known as: blood injection injury, animal, situational, and
natural environment. Sometimes treatment of phobias can be difficult to determine because of the
wide range of phobias that exist. There has not been an adequate amount of research conducted on
phobias which makes it difficult to study or comprehend ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A research group stated "Specific phobia is one of the most prevalent disorders in the general
population and yet it has received limited attention from researchers in the growing field of
neuroscience" (Caseras et al., 2010). The need for understanding phobias is imperative for the
people who are suffering from the symptoms that challenge their daily life. One study has done
research on links between the phobias and neurobiological substrates. The authors state:
"Moreover the degree of provoked anxiety by phobia–relevant images was strongly associated with
activity in the dorsal ACC and the anterior insula in the SP phobics but not in the BII phobics. These
differences in blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) response could suggest the existence of
distinct neurobiological substrates associated with specific phobia subtypes, challenging the view of
specific phobia as a unitary entity" (Caseras et al., 2010).
This study may prove that there could be a cure to phobic reactions if they can find the cause of the
phobia. These studies of the dynamics of the brain could be revolutionary in the world of phobia
diagnosis and treatment of patients.
There are excessive amounts of phobias that have been medically determined. "About 4.4% percent
of the adult population in the USA has one or more phobias which will mostly persist for years and
become chronic; complete remissions without

Counseling Research
Analyzing Interventions: Solution Focused Brief Therapy
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show how using different research methods such as:
quantitative, qualitative, single–case designs, action research, and outcome–based research is used
to form an intervention focused on an adolescent with any kind of phobia based on the Solution–
Focused Brief therapy. Not to retract in time, but to help the client come up with a possible solution
of their phobia within a short amount of time. Different researches show the different ways and
strategies of information gained by different counselors.
Discuss the importance using research to advance the counseling profession (2 paragraphs)
There are many things that research brings to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Looking at what earlier researches psychologists have done in their interventions will also help
guide my practice. Something very interesting that I noticed in this research was that they were very
aware about the client's culture (multicultural) background in order to be able to understand how
they would attend them best.
Provide a summary of the state of research as it relates to your topic of interest. (1–2 pages)
As noticed in my articles I wasn't focused on a specific type of phobia but just all in general. I found
this topic to be important to me because my mom happens to have phobia of snakes and gets these
"anxious" attacks that as I was reading in the articles it's a common sign in most patients.
First thing I saw in relation to my topic is that in order to have a successful care the patient needs to
be willing to try the things the counselors ask, but most of all is to establish that trust between
counselor and client. Start with little steps at a time where the client starts achieving small goals at a
time to eventually decrease to loose the phobia completely.
Discuss any legal and ethical considerations regarding the research examined. (1–2 pages)
With phobias it may not necessarily be illegal, but it may cause a deeper problem if therapy is not
done correctly. For example, allowing the client to immediately be submerged into a room where for
instance the phobia was bees and the room was full of bees.

The Conscious And Subconscious Facets of a Phobia
Fear is an inevitable bodily defence mechanism that has been around since the beginning of human
evolution. Every human being experiences fear intermittently throughout their lifetime, in some,
their fear(s) are so severe that they interfere with daily activities. An irrational fear of an object,
situation, or activity that a person feels obligated to avoid is considered a phobia 1. The word
"phobia" originates from the Greek word "Phóbos" that translates as morbid fear 5. Phobias present
themselves in different intensities. For example, one person may show negligible symptoms of
claustrophobia while another could be completely conspicuous and avoid enclosed spaces
altogether. Studies show that the reason for phobias to arise comes from ... Show more content on
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A person with a specific phobia frequently experiences immediate anxiety and panic outbreaks when
faced with the fear, mention of their fear in extreme cases may also trigger these outbursts 4.
Although both types of phobias involve diverse components, the process of diagnoses for each is
quite comparable. Phobias describe certain fears that we as humans encounter. Some of which are
very interesting while others are downright outrageous. People subsisting with indirect phobias
either endure their fear with a lot of stress and anxiety, avoid the feared situation/object all together
or take many irrational precautions when coming into contact with their fear 7. For example, Howie
Mandel copes with his germaphobia by shaving his head entirely and instead of shaking hands with
people he touches fists. This is a much more reposed way of subsisting with germaphobia for Howie
Mandel. In the past Howie scrubbed his hands vigorously with soap which eliminated the antibodies
in his hands 9. People subsisting with direct phobias other than social phobias have the opportunity
to simply avoid their cause of fear, while those with indirect phobias do not. A person who has
Arachnophobia can easily avoid places and situations where they assume arachnid insects will be
present 3. Those with social phobias have a disadvantage when it comes to coping with their fear. It
is nearly impossible to avoid uncomfortable social interaction

Specific Phobia
The experiment consisted of 23 participants that met the inclusion criteria which includes:
(1) Meet DSM–IV criteria of specific phobia in spiders
(2) Minimum of one–year duration of phobia
(3) Patient must not be able to remove lid of a cage with a tarantula prior to treatment
(4) Have no other psychiatric problem
(5) No current alcohol or drug dependence
(6) No severe physical illness
An interesting aspect of this experiment was that there was no fixed amount of sessions, rather, the
clinical psychologists "established a criterion to define the completion of treatment" [3]. The
completion of treatment was determined when the patient holds a big virtual spider with low levels
of anxiety. The average number of sessions to reach this stage was 4, ranging from three to ten. Each
session the patient is exposed to the spider to eventually being in direct contact with the spider.
In conclusion, VR exposure significantly reduced levels of anxiety and avoidance of spiders after an
average of four sessions. In addition, VR exposure showed more efficacy than the control group in
reducing the main features of the phobia. The control group showed no improvement versus the VR
exposure group that showed great improvement. Not only was the change statistically significant,
but clinically significant. Moreover, none of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Symptoms can be manifested in emotional and psychological ways such as insomnia, flashbacks,
anxiety, depression, or increased agitation. Exposure therapy, without the use of VR, has been used
as a source of treatment for PTSD, allowing a patient to gain greater mental control and knowledge
of the traumatic event [8]. Though VR–graded exposure therapy (VRET), is also aimed to help
patients understand the context of the traumatic event, VRET promotes emotional engagement,
inhibiting the ability to bypass triggers

Specific Phobia Specifiers
Specific Phobia, under the category of anxiety disorder, there are five different specifiers.
Nonetheless, this paper will focus on the treatment for claustrophobia, a situational phobia subtype.
In general, there are two types of treatments, psychological and biological. However, several
research suggested that cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT), which incorporates the exposure of
anxious situation to the patient, can obtain approximately 70%–80% of improvement rate (Beidel,
Bulik, & Stanley, n.d., P.156). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine which type of
CBT would be the most effective for specific phobia situational specifier patients who are
experiencing personal distress or distress to others and/or functional ... Show more content on
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In vivo exposure to fear is when the patient is physically exposed through real–life experiences;
whereas, imaginal exposure involves directing the patient to visualize the situation. Unfortunately,
in vivo exposure have several disadvantages. For instance, treating aviophobia patients could be
expensive and time–consuming since the patient and the therapist would need to fly on an actual
airplane. Some common events that the patients are fear of can be unethical to recreate, such as a
plane crash. On the other hand, imaginal exposure can be limiting. The patient might be unwilling to
imagine an unpleasant occasion, or one could simply be unable to imagine the fearful event due to
poor concentration, poor memories and so on. Consequently, virtual reality (VR) therapy is now an
alternative that is frequently used as a standard exposure treatment for heights and flying phobias (as
cited in Rothbaum et al., 2002, P.428–432). While the professional VR system could be relatively
expensive, the study conducted by Malbos, Mestre, Note, & Gellato (2008) suggested that a multi–
component therapy that involve VR exposure using mainstream video–game level of editor with
powerful 3D engines would also be effective comparing to the professionals after eight

Argumentative Essay On Arachnophobia
Arachnophobia–this is irrational fear is one of the most common in the world. Indeed, this phobia
can plague the minds and psyche of just about anyone, regardless of race, gender, or age. In fact,
arachnophobia is one of the most copious of the specific phobias and it afflicts people across
regardless of their geographical and cultural boundaries, (Graham C.L. Davery 2014). People who
suffer from this phobia tend to feel uneasy in any area they believe could harbor spiders or that has
visible signs of their presence, such as webs. If an arachnophobic sees a spider they may not enter
the general vicinity until they have overcome the panic attack that is often associated with their
phobia (Princeton 2014). Additionally, it is estimated that as ... Show more content on
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However, there are multiple different theories on how such fear is created inside of an individual. It
can be explained through the psychoanalytic approach which implies that a person might have
experienced something frightening associated with spiders, in the days of his or her youth. Another
plausible option could be explained through the evolutionary approach, which suggest that this fear
is a predisposed or it has been passed down by years of adaptation and natural selection. Finally, the
development of arachnophobia can be explained through the cross–cultural approach of psychology,
which basically entails that an individual can develop this fear because of how the culture he or she
grew up in perceive spiders in a very negative way. Truthfully, all of these are very likely
explanation to how people attain such irrational fear for these eight legged creature. Undoubtedly,
once the scientists have reached a conclusion as formed a solid answer to this question, a cure for
this phobia is just a around the corner. However, until then the "itsy bitsy spider" remains not so
"itsy bitsy" in the minds of the people who suffer the irrational fear called

Common Specific Phobias
Everyone has a point in their life when they feel anxious or nervous. First day of a job, driving on
the interstate, or even meeting new people can cause sweaty hands, shakiness, and heart pounding.
These are all signs can lead to the diagnosis of anxiety. For some people the anxiety can help them
focus on a task, but for others it can interfere with the work set before them. If it were at a point of
no control then he or she may be suffering from a type of mental disorder more commonly known as
an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are not just nerves, a person cannot overcome it on his or her
own. If possible the person would completely avoid the sources of anxiety at all cost and not face it
on his or her own ("Phobias"). This is called ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Often people experience panic attacks sometimes it can be one or two in a lifetime or it can be
repeatedly suffering from a panic disorder. Panic attacks have "at least four of the following
symptoms of panic: palpitations of the heart, tingling in the hands or feet, shortness of breath,
sweating, hot and cold flashes, trembling, chest pains, choking sensations, faintness, dizziness, and a
feeling of unreality (Comer 157)." There are two different perspectives for panic disorders, the
biological perspective and the cognitive perspective. The biological perspective is linked to
antidepressant drugs that carry into the activities of the norepinephrine in one's brain. The cognitive
perspective is when a biological factor is only a part of the reason why people have panic attacks.
People with panic disorders are not able to function regularly. They need some type of help and
guidance to help them perform day–to–day activities. Therapy sessions both biological and
cognitive allow the chance to help improve the patient's misinterpretations of their bodies' reaction.
In excess to help stop the frequent panic attacks, and allow the patients to live a regular

Speech On Spider Phobias
One day, I watched the movie Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them with two friends. When the
snakes appeared, a friend immediately covered her eyes with her hand. Then there were many
butterflies in the movie. Another friend said, "Oh, my God, butterfly! Feifei, tell me after they fly
away!" What？Beautiful butterfly? I can understand some people fear of the snakes, but I am a little
surprised that some people are afraid for the butterflies or rainbow.
B. Audience Relevance: Probably you or your friends fear something such as spiders, mice,
airplanes, blood, dentists, or oceans. If it influences some people's work and life, they may have
phobias.
C. Credibility: My mum fear rainbow, and my friend scare butterfly. These are unusual cases, but
spider phobia is common. I am interesting in phobias especially spider phobia, and I want to explore
more information about this topic.
D. Thesis Statement: Spider phobia is a powerful, irrational fear of the spider, and it is one of the
most common fears. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Main Point Preview: First, I will explain what spider phobia is. Second, I will introduce some
treatments for spider phobia.
Ⅱ. Main Point 1: Spider phobia is a specific phobia, and it influences people's work and living. A.
According to the article written by E. Landau in 2010, for CNN. Many American have at least one
specific phobia, agoraphobia, or social phobia. More than 19 million American adults have a
specific phobia and that approximately 1.8 million American adults have agoraphobia, which
typically develops about age 20. In addition, about 15 million American adults are suffered from
social phobia. Phobias comes from a mixture of environmental and genetic factors. The article
written by J. Abdulmalik in 2017, for The Nigerian Tribune. Fear is a normal biological protective
mechanism. When people face a dangerous situation, the fear sets off an alarm bell in their heads.
Then, people can prepare their bodies to cope with the emergency

What Is Specific Phobia
Specific Phobia
Introduction
In all cultures and across all times, anxiety and fear have been significant factors in the lives of
humans. We all are genetically programmed to become anxious about things that cause harm or
abandonment, but if we pair any thoughts, feelings, actions or sensations with a specific objects this
can cause anxiety. However not all people are experiencing anxiety in the same manner. In this
assignment we will look at what is irrational fears, what causes it, how does that affect the persons
life and how can he be helped to over come it. What is phobia?
Irrational fear that interfere with a person's life adjustments it is called phobia. Word and meaning
phobia came from Greek mythology: Phobos was a son of Aries, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Living with the specific phobia can be very distressful and it has an affect not just on personal life
but on family life too. The person with animal phobia will become distressed and constantly vigilant
around locations of animals and will put all power to avoid and to escape. This avoidance prevents
phobic person and his family from enjoying nature and exploring their environment. Fro example,
the parent with insect phobia would not let the child to play outside, would not open the windows
with fear of insects getting inside.
An individual with injury phobia will avoid visits to doctors, and even bringing his own child to
doctor visits. It will be very hard for an individual with blood phobia to deal with an injured child. A
parent with blood phobia will find difficulty in attending to injured child. Also, there will be a
possibility of parent fainting when he sees blood that will create significant distress for a child too.
The person who has natural environmental phobia will center all his thoughts on thunder, lightening
or strong winds, constantly check the radio and TV weather forecast. The child of parent with this
phobia would become very anxious around time of

Specific Phobia Of Claustrophobias
1). Emmitt, who has just suffered a serious knee injury, cannot undergo an MRI because he has an
irrational fear of narrow, enclosed spaces.
Answer: Specific Phobia of Claustrophobia (King, 2016); specific phobias consist of irrational fears
of specific thing or circumstance. Claustrophobia is a fear of narrow, enclosed spaces.
2). Andre has 16 different people, each with its own unique traits and memories, living inside of
him. He thinks they sometimes "take turns" running his affairs for him, but has such a poor memory
from day to day; he can't really say for sure what's going on. If his claims were accurate, you would
suspect he is suffering from this disorder.
Answer: Dissociative Identity Disorder (King, 2016); consists of having multiple personalities and
wall of amnesia
3). Tony has been in and out of jail since he was an adolescent. He hits, steals, and he destroys
property and says he enjoys doing so "because people are stupid". He shows little remorse for his
crimes, behaves impulsively, and lacks empathy for the rights and feelings of others.
Answer: Antisocial Personality Disorder (King, 2016); psychological disorder with the individual
possibly having psychopathic tendencies
4). While awakening one day, Theresa suddenly begins to have difficulty breathing. She
hyperventilates, her heart pounds wildly, and she feels weak and dizzy. She believes she is having a
heart attack and is honestly afraid that she's going to die in the next minute or two. (Assume she is
not having a heart attack.)
Answer: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (King, 2016); Theresa doesn't know the source of her
anxiety
5). Sarah has an unrealistic fear of shopping in crowded stores and walking home through crowded
streets. She has begun to spend more and more time home alone in order to avoid the awful, scared
feeling she gets when she goes out in public.
Answer: Social Anxiety or Social Phobia (King, 2016); social situations are the cause of her anxiety
6). Sam's friends are starting to worry about him. Ordinarily an attentive and engaged man, Sam has
become withdrawn and sullen. He has lost weight, is constantly tired, cannot sleep, and hasn't been
showing up for church meetings or to go to his son's soccer games. In

Reaction Paper On Phobias
One of the most common disorders suffering individuals in contemporary societies is the phobic
disorder. Etymologically, the word phobia is the English equivalent of the Greek word "φοβία",
which means morbid, unreasonable, compulsive, and agonizing fear (Greek Language). The first
noticed occurrence of a phobia happened approximately in the fourth century B.C., and was made
known to us by Hippocrates, in his work The Seventh Book of Epidemics. However, the specific
term "phobia" was not used until half a century later, when it was incorporated by the Roman doctor,
Celsus, in the word hydrophobia. (The History of Phobias, 2012)The ancient origins of this word
reveal that phobic disorders were first established many centuries ago. In Psychology, ... Show more
Brain Chemistry
This model attributes specific phobias to abnormalities in the areas of the brain that are related to
fear and anxiety. In particular, it is said that specific phobias stem from increased responsiveness to
fearful stimuli, of fear and stress– associated areas of the brain, such as the sympathetic nervous
system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) (David Sue, 2013).
The SNS is responsible for triggering fear responses and preparing the human body to face
threatening situations. The amygdala and the hypothalamus of the brain belong to the SNS. The PNS
is the system which returns the body to its normal, relaxed state after exposure to the threat has
ceased. More specifically, once an individual comes into contact with a fearful stimulus, the
amygdala is activated and in turn activates the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus activates the rest of
the SNS with the objective of preparing the body to face the stimulus. A signal is sent by the
hypothalamus to the adrenal glands which release epinephrine in the bloodstream. The epinephrine
brings upon physiological changes , increasing the alertness of the brain and the energy levels of all
body parts. If the brain continues to perceive the stimulus as dangerous, the hypothalamus releases
corticotropin–releasing hormone (CRH), which triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH). ACTH prompts the adrenal glands to release cortisol, which aids the body in remaining
alert. Once the individual

Theories Affecting Anna's Fear Of Snakes
The DSM 5 defines a phobia as a persistent and unreasonable fear of an object (or situation) that is
generally avoided to refrain oneself from intense anxiety. By contrast, a fear is absolutely rational
and reasonable as the feared stimuli is usually threatening to the individual. There are various types
of phobias, these include social phobias, agoraphobia and specific phobias. If it is assumed that
Anna has a phobia of snakes, this would be a specific phobia as such disorders are defined as a
person who, when exposed to the feared stimuli (in this case, snakes), experiences extreme anxiety.
There are several theories that may be considered to help explain how Anna acquired this specific
animal phobia. The theory of classical conditioning, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many researchers have investigated gender differences and the prevalence of fears and phobias, with
several studies reaching the same conclusions, resulting in concurrent validity. One sample of 336
males and 384 females responded to a questionnaire consisting of statements which they determined
true or false to ascertain whether they had a phobia or not (Fredrikson et al, 1996). Findings reveal
that males only had an animal phobia prevalence of 3.3%, while females had a prevalence of 12.1%,
therefore suggesting that there are in fact gender differences in phobias, with females being more
vulnerable. However, as this study used the self–report method it is possible that demand
characteristics skewed the results as males are more likely to deny their phobias. This may be
because fear is not considered a masculine trait by society but females are generally portrayed as the
weaker gender and so may be more willing to admit to their phobia. This therefore limits the validity
of this theory in relation to Anna and Bjorn. Nevertheless, this study also investigated the age
differences in the prevalence of phobias and found that animal fears were more common in younger
children than adults, although since Anna and Bjorn are both the same age, this does not explain
why Bjorn does not fear snakes. Similar findings

Psychopharmacology And Mental Disorder-Phobia
Psychopharmacology and Mental Disorder– Phobias
Psychopharmacology is the study of the mind and its behavior in regard to medication and mental
disorders. Its focus is to find the best treatment options and medications for specific mental
disorders, in such case as phobias. Phobias are an extreme form of anxiety that impacts the person's
everyday life, which is why the pursuit of better more effective medicinal alternatives is important.
Phobias are a form of anxiety and a heightened sense of fear. Like fear, but times two or ten
depending on how bad it is. There are several different forms of extreme anxiety, but the most
common types of phobia is simple and social. These categories consist of phobias that involve
objects, insects, or situations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The best treatment for phobias are a form of psychotherapy called exposure therapy and a
combination of cognitive and behavioral therapy. Although occasionally your doctor may also
recommend other therapies or even medications to which we have also seen satisfying results.
Understanding the cause of their phobia is "actually less important than focusing on how to treat the
avoidance behavior that has developed over time. The goal of treatment is to improve quality of life
so that you're no longer limited by your phobias. As you learn how to better manage and relate to
your reactions, thoughts and feelings, you'll find that your anxiety and fear are reduced and no
longer in control of your life. Treatment is usually directed at one specific phobia at a time"
(Specific phobias). By talking with mental health professionals you can help manage your phobia.
Exposure therapy ultimately focuses on altering or changing your response to the specific
situation(s) or object(s) that you fear. Repeated, gradual exposure to "the source of your specific
phobia and the related thoughts, feelings and sensations may help you learn to manage your anxiety"
(Specific phobias). CBT involves "exposure combined with other techniques to learn ways to view
and cope with the feared object or situation differently. You learn alternative beliefs about your fears
and bodily sensations and the

Essay on Treating Phobias
Treating Phobias
Wood (1999) describes a person suffering from a phobia experiences a persistent, irrational fear of
some specific object, situation, or activity that poses no real danger (or whose danger is blown all
out of proportion). Agoraphobia, social phobia, and specific phobia are three classes of phobia.
Agoraphobics have an intense fear of being in a situation from which immediate escape is not
possible or in which help would not be available If the person should become overwhelmed by
anxiety or experience a panic attack or panic–like symptoms. People who suffer from social phobia
are intensely afraid of any social or performance situation in which they ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
And those with a severe dental phobia will actually let their teeth rot rather than visit the dentist
(p522). It is very important that people suffering from phobias be treated, in order to be able to
enjoy their lives to a higher extent, literally speaking for those individuals suffering from
acrophobia.
Claustrophobia and acrophobia are two types of phobias that are usually treated by therapists.
Acrophobia is the situational phobia in which there is a fear of heights. Being on a bridge, in a tall
building, flying, or in any situation in which height will cause discomfort would fall into this
category. Prior treatments for acrophobia would make the patients confront their fear. Acrophobes
would be treated by gradually riding a glass elevator floor by floor or by standing on high balconies,
going to a higher floor every other time over and over until they feel comfortable with the situation.
Now and days acrophobes can be treated for their phobias by using virtual reality.
Virtual reality therapy is being widely used at present time. It is so widely used that is has become
very cost effective. Treatment for acrophobia takes place in the doctor's office and no longer
requires taking trips to tall buildings or bridges. Virtual reality therapy requires the phobic sufferer
to wear a helmet, reading sensors, and to stand in a

Bobo Doll Experiment
Background
Phobias are a type of anxiety disorder that causes people to persistently become extremely irrational
and strongly avoid/object a particular thing or situation when in their presence. The causes of
phobias are still largely unknown, but what we do know is we all have fears in some shape or form;
whether it be a common phobia such as: animals, insects, reptiles, the dark, acrophobia (heights),
drowning, micro–phobia (germs), claustrophobia (closed spaces); or something less common such
as: fear of rain or fear of beards.
A common debate in regards to psychology is determining whether aspects of various behaviours
are a product of being inherited (genetic) or developed by an experience or by the influence of
somebody. Usually, these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
aggression) can be acquired by observation and imitation. The experiment consisted of children
from the age's three to six being split and put into three separate rooms with a bunch of toys and an
adult, in which they observed how the adults interacted/played with the toys. In one room, the
children witnessed the adult acting aggressively towards a toy called the bobo doll. When it was
time for the children to individually go back in the room to play, the majority of the children
reciprocated what they saw the adults doing. Another set of children were placed in a room and
observed to a non–aggressive model (adult) where the model played with everything but the Bobo
doll. When the children were placed in the room, the majority of them acted in the same manner as
the adult previously in the room. Lastly, another set of children were put into a room without any
sort of model; they played accordingly without any influence. In relation to my survey, six out of ten
people stated how they have witnessed a bad experience happen to someone and later took on that
phobia. In conclusion, I believe the Bobo experiment supports my hypothesis of how phobias can be
inherited by influence instead of by

Examples Of Thanatophobia In The Pardoner's Tale
Thanatophobia Everyone has at least one phobia, be it clowns, public speaking, or spiders. One
common phobia is thanatophobia, or the fear of death. This is the second most common fear in the
United States, with 68% of the population having thanatophobia (Fear / Phobia Statistics). But is the
fear of death actually about death, or is it actually the fear of when you die? Or even how? In "The
Pardoner's Tale," three young men who are described as foolish, drunken, and greedy hear of a
friend's life being taken by Death; these three men, while in their drunken rage, set out to find and
destroy Death for what he had done. They stumble upon an older gentleman who directs them to an
oak tree where they can find Death. However, instead they spot

Phobias In The Seventh Book Of Epidemics
Phobias have been in existence for many years. Phobias date back to the works of Hippocrates, a
prehistoric Greek physician (Korgeski, 2009). The works of Hippocrates are still debated today. In
The Seventh Book of Epidemics, one of the publications by Hippocrates, he studied an individual
and he interpreted a condition that the person portrayed. The results of the observation were that the
individual was petrified of the sound of a flute, if he wasn't intoxicated. He noticed the individual
was fine during the day listening to the flute but during the night hours everything was different
(Korgeski, 2009). From this observation and the work of Hippocrates helped contribute to the
creation of term phobia. The word phobia was formulated from ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Situational type phobias are fears of being in confined spaces (i.e. elevators) or being afraid of
heights. An example of being afraid of heights is getting n roller coasters. Natural environment is
being fearful of weather storms (i.e. thunder and lightning). Blood injection is a subject type under
specific phobia because some individuals fear blood and/or going through medical procedures (i.e.
giving blood). Animal type means to be afraid of animals. For instance, 30.5% of the United States
society fears spiders (Fear/Phobia Statistics, 2012). Specific phobia can be treated in various ways.
One way to help treat specific phobia is through cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral
therapy is a therapy used to help target behaviors and help examine the thoughts and cognitions
(Berkman, Blickman, Heine, Malekzadeh, Teunissen, Bussmann, Kwakkel, Meeteren, Groot,
TREFAMS–ACE, 2013). This treatment can help a person with specific phobia because this therapy
can be used as an active intervention to help the individual face their fears of

Specific Phobia Essay
Transient fears for certain objects or situations are common. However when fear is extreme and
disproportionate to the threat posed by specific stimuli that is avoided or endured under duress, it is
characterised as a specific phobia (APA, 2013). The common types of specific phobia are animal,
e.g., dogs, spiders; natural environment, e.g., water, heights; blood, injection or injury (BII), e.g.,
dental phobia, medical procedures; situational, e.g., elevators, flying; and other miscellaneous
phobias such as clowns, fear of choking. While debilitating, specific phobias are the most treatable
of psychiatric disorders, however many people do not seek treatment because of their fear of being
confronted with the feared stimuli (Wolitzky–Taylor, Horowitz, Powers & Telch, 2008). ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a high comorbidity within individuals with 75% having multiple specific phobias (DSM–5,
2013). However, the diagnosis of specific phobias is difficult as they are frequently comorbid with
other anxiety disorders sharing similar features. (Ost, eds, H. K. Hood and M. M.

Essay about Phobias Explained
Many people claim to be afraid of spiders, but probably not to the degree of 37–year–old "Mary
Muffet" of Seattle. Mary went to many lengths to be spider–free, including sealing her windows and
doors with duct tape, spraying her car with bug killer, and putting every single piece of washed and
ironed clothing into its own sealed plastic bag. She wasn't just afraid of spiders; she had
arachnophobia, a phobia, not to be confused with a simple fear. Phobias are not simple; they are
complex in both their origin and diagnosis, with many types that people suffer from and any number
of treatments exist to date.
What is a phobia?
Phobias are described as "a persistent, irrational fear of an object, activity or situation that compels a
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What causes a phobia?
There is currently insufficient research in the field of phobias to determine a definite, clear cause.
What is known is that phobias are common in children and do not represent an abnormality. Phobias
can start in childhood or adulthood. Some people have suddenly become terrified of things they've
been doing for years, somewhat like a flight attendant that suddenly begins to have panic attacks on
her 500th flight. In most cases, phobias are thought to branch from a confrontation with the feared
object or situation. "Six of every ten persons who suffer phobias are able to remember when the fear
crisis occurred for the first time, i.e., when the sensation of panic became attached to the place or
situation where it first happened" (Masci, 2002, p.2). Most phobias do not interfere with an
individual's normal functioning to the point of seeking treatment. There is usually no family history
of mental illness or of the same phobia. For example, a person with claustrophobia (fear of being in
small–enclosed spaces such as an elevator) does not necessarily have a relative that is mentally ill or
is also claustrophobic. Most simple phobias develop in childhood and eventually go away. Ones that
remain rarely go away without treatment. There are theories that some phobias occur more naturally
than others. It is thought that they are somehow built into the brain. Many experiments with
monkeys display this particular theory. "Shown videos of a

Taking a Look at Fears and Phobias
Fear is an inevitable bodily defense mechanism that has been around since the beginning of human
evolution. Every human being experiences fear intermittently throughout their lifetime, In some,
their fear(s) are so severe that they interfere with daily activities. An irrationalfear of an object,
situation, or activity that a person feels obligated to avoid isconsidered a phobia (1). The word
"phobia" originates from the Greek word "Phóbos" that translates as morbid fear (5). Phobias
present themselves in different intensities. For example, one person may show negligible symptoms
of claustrophobia while another could be completely conspicuous and avoid enclosed spaces
altogether.Studies show that the reason for phobiasto arise comes ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A person with a specific phobia frequently experiences immediate anxiety and panic outbreaks when
faced with the fear, mention of their fear in extreme cases may also trigger these outbursts (4).
Although both types of phobias involve diverse components, the process of diagnoses for each is
quite comparable. Phobias describe certain fears that we as humans encounter. Some of which are
very interesting while others are downright outrageous. People subsisting with indirect phobias
either endure their fear with a lot of stress and anxiety, avoid the feared situation/object all together
or take many irrational precautions when coming into contact with their fear(7). For example,
Howie Mandel copes with his germaphobia by shaving his head entirely and instead of shaking
hands with people he touches fists. This is a much more reposed way of subsisting with
germaphobia for Howie Mandel. In the past Howie scrubbed his hands vigorously with soap which
eliminated the antibodies in his hands (9). People subsisting with direct phobias other than social
phobias have the opportunity to simply avoid their cause of fear, while those with indirect phobias
do not. A person who has Arachnophobia can easily avoid places and situations where they assume
arachnid insects will be present (3). Those with social phobias have a disadvantage when it comes to
coping with their fear. It is nearly impossible to avoid uncomfortable

Anxiety Disorder Causes
Many of us are afraid of certain things in particular, but what happens when that fear reaches higher
levels? What happens when that fear takes over our bodies and produces a negative effect on us?
The answer to these questions is clear; we are dealing with an anxiety disorder, to be more specific:
a phobia. According to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5;
American Psychiatric Association, 2013), a person with anxiety disorder suffers from panic attacks.
They have continued and unpredicted episodes of intense fear and anxiety, accompanied by physical
symptoms in response to danger (p.227). However; Licht, Hull and Ballantyne (2014) said that what
characterizes a phobia is that panic attacks and excessive anxiety appear only in the presence of a
specific stimulus (p.555). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People are more likely to have symptoms of anxiety if they are not treated early. It occurs more
often in women than men, and it is diagnosed only when symptoms are not caused by medications
or substances. In a phobia, fear or anxiety always occur when it is in contact with the object or
situation (stimulus) that it's avoided by the person. Mostly, this excessive fear is out of proportion
and it is persistent for 6 months or more. In addition to that, people usually have more than one fear
or specific phobia. In these cases, there are given a diagnosis separately to each phobia (American
Psychiatric Association,

The Phobia Is Defined As An Irrational Fear That Produces...
Stanford 1
Moriah Stanford
Mr. Stuart Grunder
Psychology
21 August 2014
Acrophobia
"A phobia is defined as an irrational fear that produces a conscious avoidance of the feared subject,
activity or situation." In Adrian Preda's article "Phobic Disorders", it was said that many people have
multiple specific phobias. The average person with specific phobia fears around 3 objects and/or
situations, and approximately 75% of people with specific phobia fear more than 1 situation or
object. (Adrian Preda, "Phobic Disorders"). Acrophobia comes from the fear of falling and being
injured or even killed. This is normally the result of a traumatic experience from a point in
someone's life. The purpose of this paper is to give some background knowledge on phobias,
specifically Acrophobia: fear of heights. Also, about the symptoms and causes, some case studies
and the treatments for Acrophobia.
Phobic disorders are one of the most common forms of psychiatric illness. There are so many
different phobias. Some examples are, Social Anxiety Disorder, Agoraphobia: the fear of being
alone in public places, Cynophobia: the fear of dogs, and Arachnophobia: the fear of spiders.
Anxiety is a big common factor when experiencing phobic disorders. A disorder can start off really
small and not be that big of a problem, but over time it can increase and get
Stanford 2 really bad to where you can't work, travel, or even be around others. If it gets anywhere
around that point then this person needs to

Specific Phobias
The most common treatment for specific phobias is a form of psychotherapy called exposure
therapy, although other treatments include other therapies or medication (Andrews et al. 2009). The
goal of treatment for specific phobias is to improve quality of life so that patients are no longer
limited by their phobias. Exposure therapy focuses on changing the response to the object or
situation feared. Gradual, repeated exposure to the source of the specific phobia and the related
thoughts, feelings and sensations can help patients to learn to manage their anxiety (Andrews et al.
2009). There are many variations of exposure therapy. In vivo exposure involves confronting the
phobic stimulus head on but gradually. For example, a patient suffering

Speech Outline Essay
Common Phobias (Sample Informative Prep Outline)
General Purpose: To inform.
Specific Purpose: After hearing my presentation, my listeners will be able to name and describe
several common phobias.
Central Idea: The most common phobias fall into three main categories – social, survival, and
environmental phobias.
Organizational Pattern: Topical
INTRODUCTION I. (Attention Material) Rose Marie had fears that she allowed to take control of
her life. A. Fears, even small ones, can grow into phobias. B. Normal, rational fears can become
problems. C. When these fears begin to dominate a portion of your life, they are called "phobias",
which are defined by the American Psychological Association as "a strong, persistent, ... Show more
Now let's look at a second type of phobias.)
II. The second type of phobia is the survival phobia. A. A college student rides a three day train to
school. 1. She is afraid of flying. 2. She has aerophobia. B. A businessman had to quit his job when
his office moved to the thirty–second floor of a building. 1. He could not ride in an elevator. 2. He
had claustrophobia. C. There are many more survival phobias. 1. Hypnophobia is the fear of sleep.
2. Electrophobia is the fear of electricity. 3. Thanatophobia is the fear of death.
III. The third, and broadest category of phobias, is the environmental phobia group. A. Howard
Hughes had mysophobia, a fear of germs. B. A Brooklyn politician had a fear of newspapers and wet
newsprint. 1. This hindered his career. 2. He learned to read the newspaper without actually touching
it. C. There are several other environmental phobias. 1. The fear of storms has two subtypes. a.
Keraunophobia is the fear of thunder. b. Astraphobia is the fear of lightning. 2. The fear of heights is
acrophobia. 3. The fear of water is hydrophobia.
(Transition: Now that we've discussed these three categories of phobias, and some specific examples
of each type, let's review what we've learned.)
CONCLUSION

I. (Summary of Main Points) There are three broad categories of phobias. A. Social phobias are
those phobias that make it hard to

Fear Of Spiders Research Paper
Arachnophobia is the all encompassing fear of spiders. If you are like most people, you have at least
a touch of the phobia. While you might not have an irrational fear like those who suffer with the
condition, you likely don't care much for the small, eight–legged arachnids. That makes you normal.
Thankfully, though, in South Carolina there are very few spiders that can do you any actual harm.
They are the most terrifying spiders found in the Carolinas:
The Black Widow:
You are probably familiar with the black widow's appearance. It has an almost glossy sheen to its
body and has an hourglass shaped red mark on the underside of its abdomen. The made widow
spider is smaller than the female version and rarely bite. The more aggressive females bite more
often but still will usually bite only in defense. The most common reason for them to attack is if they
are guarding eggs or laying eggs.
The female black widow prefers to spin her silken web in a protected space, such as under decks,
house steps or stones. They are rarely found inside of houses. The black widow bite produces sharp
pain that typically lasts for hours, resulting in localized muscle cramps. The pain can become severe
and spread to other parts of the body and be accompanies by tremors and weakness. Cold clammy
skin, a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is yellow to light brown in color and on the smaller side, with its body only measuring around
3/8" long. When its long legs are extended, its length grows by more than an inch. The easiest way
to identify the brown recluse is its three pair of eyes. The brown recluse won't seek out humans to
attack as it is shy by nature. It typically hunts for prey at night and hides during the day. However,
its hiding places can lead to accidental bites as they like to hide in ceiling light fixtures, under
insulation in attics, under furniture, in boxes or in closets. These locations are prime areas for them
to be accidently found and thus result in a

Acrophobia And Claustrophobias
A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. It is a strong, irrational fear of something that poses little or
no real danger. There are many specific phobias. Acrophobia is a fear of heights. Agoraphobia is a
fear of public places, and claustrophobia is a fear of closed–in places.A phobia is a type of anxiety
disorder. It is a strong, irrational fear of something that poses little or no real danger. There are many
specific phobias. Acrophobia is a fear of heights. Agoraphobia is a fear of public places, and
claustrophobia is a fear of closed–in places.A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. It is a strong,
irrational fear of something that poses little or no real danger. There are many specific phobias.
Acrophobia is a fear of heights. Agoraphobia ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many specific phobias. Acrophobia is a fear of heights. Agoraphobia is a fear of public
places, and claustrophobia is a fear of closed–in places.A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. It is a
strong, irrational fear of something that poses little or no real danger. There are many specific
phobias. Acrophobia is a fear of heights. Agoraphobia is a fear of public places, and claustrophobia
is a fear of closed–in places.A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. It is a strong, irrational fear of
something that poses little or no real danger. There are many specific phobias. Acrophobia is a fear
of heights. Agoraphobia is a fear of public places, and claustrophobia is a fear of closed–in places.A
phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. It is a strong, irrational fear of something that poses little or no
real danger. There are many specific phobias. Acrophobia is a fear of heights. Agoraphobia is a fear
of public places, and claustrophobia is a fear of closed–in places.A phobia is a type of anxiety
disorder. It is a strong, irrational fear of something that poses little or no real danger. There are many
specific phobias. Acrophobia is a fear of

Living with the Extreme Fear Created by Anxiety Disorders...
Anxiety disorders are mental disorders caused by extreme or severe anxiety often caused by
overwhelming worries, fears, and stress. Phobic disorder, commonly known as phobia, is a type of
anxiety disorder wherein the individual acquires an excessive and irrational fear of a particular
object or situation, with the fear being out of proportion to the real threat. "The word [phobia] is
derived from Phobos, the Greek god of fear, whose likeness was painted on masks and shields to
frighten enemies in battle." (Passer and Smith 537) Jennifer Ong defines phobia as a heightened
sense of fear. Also, according to her, psychologists assert that the fears in phobia are usually based
on irrational grounds.
A fear develops into a phobia when a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The situations mentioned may indicate being involved in situations wherein escape is difficult or
impossible (Gazzaniga et al. 536). According to Jennifer Ong, individuals with agoraphobia have a
fear of leaving their homes or place of security. A person with this phobia fears to be alone in places
wherein he thinks that his life will be at risk like bridges, crowded stores, and busy streets. In these
situations, individuals would need the accompaniment of a family member or friend, since no one
can predict when a panic attack can occur. Besides this, based on distribution, it is more common for
women to suffer from agoraphobia than men. (Magee, 1996)
The second type of phobic disorder is social phobia. According to John Santrock, "Social phobia is
an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations. Individuals with this phobia
are afraid that they will say or do the wrong thing." Those with this phobia are afraid of being
judged and evaluated negatively and of being made fun of. According to Ong, they fear groups of
people, individuals, or specific situations. This phobia includes fear of speaking in public or being
under scrutiny. It is sometimes referred to as stage fright. Fear of public speaking is said to be the
most common kind of social phobia. Social phobia hinders the affected persons to socialize with
others. The said individuals may be excessively self–conscious and

Phobia Research Paper
Known as a mental disorder a phobia is a persistent fear of a specific object, activity, or situation
that leads to compelling desire to avoid it. Phobias tend to affect the way people live their lives, for
example, their working and social environments, considering that they last for a very long time and
are capable to cause intense psychological physical stress. It is considered today the most common
mental and anxiety disorder in the United States (Matig Mavissakalian & David H. Barlow 1981 pp
2). There are many phobias such as: the fear of aging, fear of changing, fear of clowns, fear of
getting fat, fear of being in closed spaces, etc.
One who encounters phobias has to deal with a collection of uncontrollable symptoms when their ...
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This specific phobia can lead to the person experience of an intense fear when not being able to
break out of a populated area (Barlow & Mavissakalian, pp 4). This causes people having to evade
open and heavily crowed environments with little possibilities to exit over their massive fear of
going through a panic attack. Therefore, today there are signs in many rides at themed parks that
warn people of the closed areas. This specific category of phobias causes the person to fear traveling
on bus or even waiting in a line. This phobia can also lead to being dependent of someone because
they are too afraid to go outside of their homes. Barlow & Mavissakalian (1981 pp 4–5), implicated
that the clinical picture painted is consistent and consists or fears of going out to public places and
open and crowded places, fears of walking alone or using any means or public transportation, and
fears of being alone at home. Agoraphobia is the most disabling of all phobias and usually begins in
early adolescence.
When a child is at a young age and experience some kind of traumatic event it is most common that
this child will grown a fear anything that triggers the memory of the specific event. Gersely (2001)
stated that traumatic events have the capability to trigger specific phobias. For instance, if a person
experiences are traumatic car accident they might have difficulty later learning how to drive or
might develop a fear in

The Five Sub-Types Of Specific Phobia

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