Ethical Concerns Of Solitary Confinement

Ethical Concerns Of Solitary Confinement
Ethical Concerns of Solitary Confinement
The Basis for a Flawed System: Solitary confinement is a more secure area within a prison. It is intended to be a place where inmates go when they
violate prison rules or laws. This is only one of the three possible uses for confinement. Confinement is also used to house mentally ill patients as well
as pretrial individuals. Solitary confinement is no longer necessary for society today due to the fact that the negative effects of being placed in solitude
outweigh the benefits that it provides for the prison system as a whole. The concept of solitary confinement has been around for over thirty years, and a
system that has been around for so long has its flaws. Being placed in solitude causes debilitating psychological effects. Researching through the ethical
lens shows that the United States relies much more heavily on the solitary confinement system than many other countries. The United Nations has
expressed concern over the United States' excessive use of confinement. A researcher through Brandeis University found that the prison population in
confinement in the United Kingdom is .1%; whereas the United States places 1.8% of its prison population in solitude. In Scandinavia, confinement is
used sparingly. When it is implemented, it is only used to temporarily house mentally well pretrial individuals who will initially be sentenced to solitary
confinement (Idalsky).
What Confinement Truly is: Many prisons argue that solitary
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Deception Is Not Based On Ethical Concerns
Using deception during research experiments has been a subject of intense debate amongst social scientists for some time. Differing norms and
opinions regarding the use of deception are now deeply embedded within the practice. Deception is often permitted in sociology and social
psychology, but prohibited within economics. Barrera and Simpson (2012) believe that the differences regarding the use of deception is not based on
ethical concerns. Those who do not agree with deception argue that deceiving people results in invalid outcomes. Those who agree with the use of
deception believe that it has minimal bearing and can be used to enhance the validity of results (Barrera & Simpson, 2012).
Why and when someone obeys the directions of someone else that holds a position of authority was studied by Stanley Milgram. His experiments and
research are well known. Gilovich et al (2012) classifies his experiments as "being part of our society's shared intellectual legacy – that small body of
historical incidents, biblical parables, and classic literature that serious thinkers feel free to draw on when they debate about human nature or
contemplate human history" (Gilovich et al, 2012).
Milgram Obedience Experiments
Ethical and moral concerns often exist with the use of deception in psychological research and experiments. Bortolotti and Mameli (2006) argue that,
with the satisfaction of some requirements, the possibility exist for the use of deceptive techniques without causing harm to

Ethical Concerns On Abortion
Abortion concerns My wife and I are against abortion. But if a pregnant woman wants to end her unplanned pregnancy, for health or economic reasons,
this is between her and God and between her and the law of the land. It's nobody else's business. I don't understand why this will anger somebody to the
extent of committing murder! In the United States, 60 percent of pregnancies are unplanned.
Every American has every right to believe abortion is wrong, and a moral sin. But the loud and angry voices of some talk show hosts and some
religious leaders equating abortion with mass murder, and referring to abortion doctors as baby killers, only serve to fuel violence. Dr. George Tiller
was murdered at his church in Wichita, Kan. His killing was

Ethical Decision Making : Patient Safety Concerns
Health care providers, including nurses, face difficulties in their every day work experiences. These problems include but are not limited to: ethical
decision–making, patient safety concerns, heavy workloads, time constrictions, intense skill requirements, role uncertainty, and caring for patients and
their families who are suffering or dying. No matter what population nurses are working with, they are at risk for facing some or all of these
difficulties. Nurses who work with the geriatric population are not excluded from these difficulties and perhaps are at the highest risk for developing
stress overload and/or burnout. If nothing is done to prevent burnout in the geriatric setting, or reverse burnout that has already occurred in many
nurses, hours worked will continue to be reduced and nurses may begin to change professions or retire early. In addition to absenteeism, there is also a
risk of worsening performance and caring malpractice, as well. Not only could their careers be affected, but the complexity of the symptoms of burnout
can have serious consequences on the nurses health, including anxiety, depression, headaches, and more (Sanchez, Mahmoudi, Moronne, Camonin, &
Novella, 2015). Those in leadership positions must help eliminate nurse burnout by motivating their employees and implementing strategies to reduce
stress overload. Caregivers in a geriatric setting, including nurses, have the responsibility of managing many conditions simultaneously. This could

The Ethical Concerns with Data Mining Essay
The Ethical Concerns with Data Mining
Introduction to Data Mining and Warehousing
With the advent of computer technologies that can store large quantities of data, cross reference that data, and compute patterns in the data, benefits
abound in many applications. However, with it comes new ethical concerns regarding the privacy and security of the persons or entities in which the
information was sourced. While permission may have been received with each bit of information, which may have appeared harmless to divulge, there
are issues regarding the data's ownership –– its sharability in US or globally, its combination with other data, its accuracy, its security, and its overall
end use [1] –– that could contribute to privacy or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[1,2]
An example of how data mining is conducted and used to benefit business can be explained in the following scenario:
"A bank wants to know more about its customers, in particular the types of people who might want a loan from the bank. This could be extremely
useful information, because the bank could make big savings from using a tightly targeted marketing campaign, compared to one that tries to
communicate with the general public...Using test data, algorithms are used to detect the characteristics of customers who took out a particular type of
loan. These customers are differentiated from those who used other kinds of financial services, including other types of loan. The algorithm will be
able to develop 'rules' by which it can identify customers who are likely to be good prospects for the loan. These rules are then applied to the
remainder of the database. The final computing task may be to sort the whole databank into clusters; groups of customers who share similar
characteristics. It is at this stage that interesting and perhaps surprising patterns might be detected. These patterns then have to be interpreted by the
data miners and banking staff." [4]
In another domain, an indepth paper by the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin concludes on the benefits of data mining: "Law enforcement

Ethical Concerns In Native Advertising
The use of native advertising, which is defined as advertising disguised as editorial content, has skyrocketed in the past few years. It is used
everywhere, from magazines to social media. This has become more prevalent in recent years, especially on social media. However, ethical concerns
have risen following the advent of mass use of native ads in mainstream media. The ethical concerns focus on the fact that many individuals cannot
distinguish native ads from editorial content. As a result, the Federal Trade Commission has been adamant about regulating these ads through the
release of native advertising guidelines in 2015. One of the central focuses of the guidelines is the labeling of native ads as advertising or sponsored ...
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Pull out all the stops, have an adventure, and let Pepsi help you have a #realbigsummer! (BuzzFeed 2014)." Toward the end of the article, Pepsi was
named again.
"Stuck inside? No worries! You can still enjoy Pepsi's Summer Solstice concert on 6/21– Four outdoor concerts across the country from sunrise to
sunset! Be sure to check out the livestream on Vevo.com featuring Timeflies, Kid Ink, Prince Royce, and more (BuzzFeed 2014)!"
This is a clear example of a native ad. BuzzFeed often draws readers to its articles by the use of lists. This can distract readers from noticing that an
ad is being presented to them. Advertising can be viewed as bothersome to many, but native advertising solves this issue (it is also important to note
that BuzzFeed edited the article to show that it was sponsored by Pepsi after coming under fire for several FTC violations).
Another advantage of the elusive appeal of native ads is the ability to subliminally present brands to increase engagement and sales for their products
and services without annoying potential consumers. Subliminal messaging has been known as an effective method of influencing behavior. Although
subliminal messaging was banned in the 1950's, this provides a loophole for brands to influence behavior while flying under the radar of government
regulation.
Also, one factor that separates

Explain The Ethical Concerns Of Nike
P4: examine the ethical concerns of the communities in which Nike operates:
Nike is an American multinational corporation, which is primarily focused in the production of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and offering
services. Over the past several years, Nike has raised many ethical concerns in the communities in which they operate. They have local, regional,
national and global affects.
Globalisation
Globalisation is a process in which a business expands into other regions and operates on an international level. Nike is one of the biggest
multinational corporations. In the past few years, Nike has been one of the dominant companies in marketing sporting goods such as footwear and
clothing. Nike does not produce any of its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Giving bribes or facilitating such payments contribute to corruption. International businesses do gain and have gained economic advantage by
indulging in such practices. This is one of the ethical issues Nike should be concerned when operating in certain countries.
Moral obligations
Multinational corporations have financial power and resources to operate or move production from one country to another. Their objective should not
only be to increase their profitability but they also have moral obligation to operate ethically. The ethical obligation of multinational corporations should
be towards improving employing conditions, human rights, anticorruption laws, environmental pollution and energy saving.
Management focus Nike's management focus has been to enhance its reputation as an ethically sound corporation. It has taken certain measures to
improve the work standards in the countries they operate globally. It has outlined a code of ethics that applies to Nike and its subsidiaries worldwide.
This not only takes care of the well being of its employees but also environment, safety and health. It also has internal and external audit systems in
place, which does accurate recording and reporting of any malpractices, or issues that go beyond their business work ethics

The Ethical Concerns Involving Tobacco
The main ethical concerns involving tobacco is well known to educated Americans; however, the ethics around the marketing aspects of tobacco,
especially tobacco exposure to children, are less talked about. Some of the early marketing decisions of tobacco can be traced back to one of the most
renowned and valuable cigarette brands in the world, Marlboro. Marlboro first emerged onto the tobacco scene at the beginning of the nineteenth
century. They originally were a cigarette brand with a female–based target market. Marlboros were considered feminine cigarettes because they had
filters, which were very unpopular for men at the time because the purpose of the filter was to protect a woman's lipstick so that the tobacco leaves
would never actually make contact with the mouth or lips. In the 1950s a scientific study came out that linked smoking to lung cancer, and that is
where the ethical problems begin with tobacco companies. The ethical health concerns of ciggerrets were not the only issue. Marketing right after the
release of detrimental research, companies like Marlboro became manipulative and misleading with their advertising. Advertising that also was used to
target children and establish lifetime customers. Now, in the twenty–first century, the E–cigarettes and other new technology products have creates new
aspects to the ethical dilemmas involving cigarettes. The ethical dilemma of smoking, health concerns, children, and technology, will all be assessed to
establish the

Alzheimer's Disease and Research: Ethical Concerns Essay
Can patients with Alzheimer's disease participate in clinical research? Theoretically, two radically opposite views regarding this issue can be posited.
The first one, which is rather "conservative" could, in principle, argue that because of pervasive cognitive impairments AD patients are vulnerable and
not capable of giving informed consent with a similar degree of responsibility as that of healthy individuals. When a surrogate's decision is required for
participation in research, this decision can never be equivalent with the actual patient's decision, since no one can know exactly what the patient desires.
This generates important issues concerning the participation of these patients in research especially under the light of the... Show more content on
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Studies investigating the capacity of patients with mild–to–moderate cognitive impairment to give consent or those analyzing the decision–making of
surrogates of AD patients with dementia often present conflicting results. The ethical principle of autonomy clearly recognizes each person's right to
make informed decisions with respect to participation in research. However, taking into account the nature of the disease, (which affects cognitive
processing in a critical way) and its progression towards dementia there are justified concerns about the capacity of these patients to give informed
consent in an AD research context. Thus, there is a need to equilibrate the protection of vulnerable adults with their right to choose to participate in
such research. It is debatable whether patients with mild to moderate impairment are capable of giving informed consent. For instance, while some
studies assessing the consent–giving capacities of mildly cognitively impaired AD patients conclude that they do not have these capacities (Kim et al.,
2001), others seem to show that the reverse is true and a proportion of patients with mild and moderate AD are perfectly capable of making informed
decisions (Karlawish et al. 2002). Nevertheless, the main ethical dilemma lies in studies that require the participation of incapacitated AD adults. It is
well

Ethical Concerns Of Stem Cell Research
Ethical Concerns of Stem Cell Research This day in age disease, infection, disorders and mysterious syndromes are more present now than ever. *
/***You forget to wash your hands after using the restroom? You just spread viruses like E.Coli and put someone 's life in danger*/***. But in a
world full of diseases that are seemingly becoming harsher and more resistant to conventional treatments, answers to the latest ailments are popping up
in the form of miniscule pieces biological tissue called stem cells. Stem cells are pluripotent cells that are present in all living organisms and have
piqued the interest of scientists because of their ability to differentiate into any type of cell such as blood, cardiac, and pancreatic. Despite their... Show
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We are aware of three sources from which we can obtain stem cells to perform the aforementioned functions. The first and most controversial
method is obtaining the cells from the blastocyst, a ball of undifferentiated cells that are formed after an ovum is fertilized. These are created by a
process called in vitro fertilization, a procedure that allows women with genetic or fertility issues to become pregnant. The second source that is
bursting with stem cells is the umbilical cord. Scientists are able to extract something called T Blood cells, cells that deal with creating a sort of
immune system for a collection of cells against external forces, from the cord blood of a newborn infant that are then either immediately preserved
for later use by freezing the blood or the cells, or can be immediately used by an individual that needs the cells. The third and final source of stem
cells are Induced Pluripotent stem cells, commonly referred to as adult stem cells. By extracting either the marrow or blood cells from adults,
scientists are able to artificially induce these into unprogrammed cells than can take the form/responsibility of stem cells to form somatic cell lines such
as nerves and muscle cells. The first argument that comprises much of what the opposition previously chose to follow that set the ball rolling in

Ethical Concerns In Stem Cell Research
Do you agree or disagree with the phenomenon of stem cells by taking ethical concerns into consideration? The state of stem cells will be able to
regenerate medicine with ethical concerns being taken into account. I therefore agree that ethical values and concerns have to be taken into account with
stem cell research. Do researches of stem cells include its history and success Compile a questionnaire Extract data from questionnaires Conclude from
data results Evaluate the importance of the research and the usage of stem cells Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to
differentiate into specialized cell types. According to Peter Crosta from Medical News Today (2013), stem cells come from two main sources: Embryos
formed

Lifespan Research: Ethical Concerns
Some of the ethical concerns relating to the lifespan research is that any scientific knowledge can sometimes exploit people and it could pose a serious
ethical dilemma when it comes to examining the guidelines of the research situations. It also depends on the researcher. The researcher does the
research, give procedures to the participants, and sometimes seek advice from other professionals. When it comes to the research, there are four rights
given to the participants. The four rights are protection from harm (which the participants have the right to be protected from any harm within the
research), informed consent (all participants have to give consent to do the research, including the right to have explained to them of what they are
participating

Ethical Concerns In Scholarly Research
According to Creshwell (2009) in the preparation of a scholarly manuscript, the writer must pay attention not to exploit, mislead, harm or further
marginalize the participants. Researcher must be objective and are charged with exploring bias and or areas of ethical concern; including but not
limited to personal bias and beliefs. Scholarly research is seeking to answer questions that could explain something of concern, or to describe causal
relationships. Research should be geared toward improving social issues and empowering the participants. Not an avenue to suppress, falsify or invent
findings to meet a researcher's needs.
"A scientific body of knowledge, consist of concepts and statements considered useful for achieving the purposes

The Ethical Concerns Of Psychotherapy
The Research of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is an interactive process between two individuals or more for the purpose of the improvement or the
relief of the suffer of the person from compulsion, troublesome behavior, depression, etc. The process has to be done by using the therapeutic methods
which logically relevant to the case under the regulations by laws and the profession. The therapist required for psychotherapy is proficient in both the
theories of formation of personality and the techniques and theories of cognitive behavior modification. Founded by Sigmund Freud in the early 20th
century, the Modern psychology has been developing and improved its concepts and theories. Psychotherapy, the application of it, has been perfecting
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It is equally forbidden for the professional secret to be communicated to another, including a doctor. The same is true of other secrets." (Pope Pius XII).
The holy father used confession as a similar example of the principle: The secrets from a psychotherapy should never be revealed to others just like
that priests can never disclose the secrets from the confession room. The holly father understood the importance of the secrets of the patients as a
principle in psychotherapy. The dignity of a human person can be protected when his or her deep secrets would not be known by others. However, the
principle might vary under different circumstances in psychotherapy.
The involvement of the third parties and their benefits are the main causes of the problem of confidentiality. That in what kind of situation should a
therapist disclose the content of the therapy is actually hard to be determined. Whether or not leaking the secrets of the patients under certain
circumstances is ethical becomes one of biggest ethical dilemma in Psychotherapy. The typical cases will be: If the patient is doing certain illegal
activities that violates the law with no one knowing it, should the therapist report it? Do the parents of the patient have the right to know the progress
and the content of the therapy? Should the potential victims that might be harmed by the patients be aware of his or her situations? The ways that a
therapist handles the problem might cause very critical results.

Hydraulic Fracturing Is Not The Only Cause For Ethical...
Hydraulic fracturing is not the only cause for ethical concern. Mountaintop removal for the purposes of coal mining is an incredibly harmful procedure
taking place on our planet. This destructive action being taken by companies looking to access coal underneath mountains is not only damaging to the
earth and environment, but is also affecting humans who live near these sites (The Destructive Process of Mountaintop Removal). Companies is West
Virginia and Kentucky can take virtually any mountain they choose and level it because laws are created in the favor of coal mining companies.
The process of mountaintop removal is a drawn out process that eventually leaves the earth it is leveling unusable. First, the mountain is cleared of
trees, plants, and topsoil. The trees below are often cleared as well to make room for the rubble that will take their place. The next step involves
blasting the top of the mountain. "Ammonium nitrate explosives" are used to "blast through up to 1,000 feet of the mountain in order to access coal
seams" (The Destructive Process of Mountaintop Removal). During this time dust and toxic chemicals like silica, fall over surrounding areas
sometimes even neighborhoods and communities. As noted before, silica is known to cause the lung disease silicosis, so it is disturbing that one of
these removal sites is within several hundred yards of an elementary school (Hoffman). After blasting, the coal companies dig through the debris with
enormous machines. The

Ethical Concerns Of Autonomous Vehicles
В¬В¬В¬ Ethical Concerns for Autonomous Vehicles The Issues with Designing the Perfect Driver Bob Jack University of North Texas Author Note
This paper was prepared for Social Issues in Computing, CSCE 4010, Section 1, taught by Ian Brooks. Abstract At the rate our technology develops,
it's difficult to keep up with the issues and concerns that result from our creations. Over the past few years, the development of the driverless car has
moved closer to reality. In 2012, Google's driverless car became street–legal in California, Florida, and Nevada. Autonomous vehicles could immensely
benefit the lives of the elderly and disabled. They could also be helpful for individuals who are inebriated and unable to drive. Some organizations,
such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving, anticipate advantages and less risks with the addition of these vehicles. Our current laws don't address the
adverse possibilities that autonomous vehicles can produce. How will human drivers interact with large numbers of driverless cars? In a collision,
which party will take the blame? Who will pay for the damages and the possible medical bills? A vehicle that is not subjected to driver distractions
and toxic influences can increase our future road safety. But at what cost? Keywords: driverless vehicle, autonomous car, robot car Ethical Concerns
for Autonomous Vehicles The Issues with Designing the Perfect Driver Our roadways are filled with dangers consisting of distracted drivers and

Ethical Concerns Of Stem Cell Research Essay
Steven Weinberg, a famous theoretical physicist, once said, "It does not help that some politicians and journalists assume the public is interested only
in those aspects of science that promise immediate practical applications to technology or medicine" (Doc, 2016, p. 1). Though this refers to many, if
not all, fields of science when there are new technological advances, there is one in particular that falls under this assumption. There are two basic
fields within stem cell research and the one under the most scrutiny is embryonic stem cell research. To be able to use their stem cells without killing
them has not been developed yet, so many articles on ethical concerns of stem cell research are focused on this specific topic. Many areas of science
are treated as unethical, but stem cell research, which is considered the worst,could single–handedly reshape the world as we know it.
Description of Stem Cells
Unlike the other cells that make up living organisms, stem cells are very different from the others by two distinguishing characteristics. First, they
can be used to become tissue or other specific cells, mainly organs, with special functions. Second, they are generalized cells capable of restoring
themselves through cell division (NIH, 2015). In some organs, including bone marrow, stem cells regularly divide to repair and replace worn out or
damaged tissues. In other organs, however, such as the pancreas and the heart, stem cells only divide under special conditions

Ethical Concerns In The Military
Ethical concerns of AI continue to plague the question whether AI belongs in the military. As it concerns many, there are some very good ethical
reasons to pursue AI use in military circumstances. Firstly, AI use in the military could potentially lessen casualties in warfare. For example, AI
robotic use in warfare could open the possibility of better decision making. "Before responding with lethal forces, robots can integrate more
information from more sources far more quickly than a human can in real time. This information and data can arise from multiple remote sensors and
intelligence." (Arkin, 2009) . This ethical gain could possibly almost eliminate the risk for mistake. The use of AI robotics could also show its benefits
in stressful

Social and Ethical Technology Concerns-Biotechnology
Social and Ethical Technology Concerns–Biotechnology
Biotechnology is technology based on living organisms. It harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies or products which are
immensely useful to mankind. Biotechnology modifies living organisms according to our needs. Humans have employed this tool in the fields of
agriculture, food industry and medicine for more than 6000 years. We see numerous biotechnological applications in our every–day life. Preparation of
food products like bread, cheese and preservatives in dairy products are all outcomes of this great scientific tool (Biotechnology Industry Organization).
Modern biotechnological research has created wonders for mankind. It has provided products to combat rare diseases, vaccines for untreatable
diseases, food for the hungry and a safer, cleaner environment to our planet.
Biotechnology has played a vital role in reducing the green house effect and in producing a cleaner planet. Because of the worldwide economic and
environmental concerns regarding the use of petro–chemicals, extensive research has been conducted on residual biomass. Significant progress has
been made in the field of lignocellulose biotechnology. Lignocellulosic waste materials have been used in the production of bio–fuels, enzymes,
chemicals, the pulp and paper, animal feed and composites (Iqbal, 2013). Moreover, algal biomass has received huge attention in producing biofuels
due to their relatively high growth rate, great

Martin Luther King Jr, And Ethical Concerns
As Christian's we often forget or fail to acknowledge that mental illness can happen to us. Naturally, we are all humans too and what I have learned
thus far is that some mental illnesses do not discriminate. Whether some illnesses are genetically driven or environmentally driven, illness can have a
major impact on how the individual functions. Mental illnesses have affected many Christian leaders in the past and present. It has been said that
some illnesses such as depression may have fueled some Christian leaders. Specifically, Martin Luther King Jr. was said to have depression, which
helped him empathize with people. In this paper I will explore background information on Martin Luther King Jr, and ethical concerns that could come
up in treatment. In addition, I will present a DSM–V diagnosis; provide a theoretical orientation, and a treatment plan that will work with Mr. King if
he was my client. Background Information Martin Luther King Jr. was born January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia (Mwita, 2004). Martin's father
was a Baptist Reverend and his mother was an accomplished organist and leader of their church choir, so he was practically raised in the church. As
a child Martin was a pretty well behaved boy, but he reports that he remembers events in his life that caused him great anger (Mwita, 2004). He
remembers issues of racism and the sudden loss of his Grandmother that caused him great distress. Martin suffered from depression for most of his life.
Martin was a

Legal And Ethical Concerns Of Nursing Health Care
Legal and Ethical Concern As nursing health care professional, there legal and ethical issues, in which are presented with the patients on a daily
basis. Sometimes it can become quite challenging because the nurse has to learn to separate their personal belief or feeling in order to respect the
patient's wishes. The challenge being faced by the nurse with their daily nursing care goes back to the term autonomy. "Autonomy is closely linked to
the notion of respect for persons, and is an important principle in cultures where all individuals are considered to be unique and valuable members of
society" (Burkhardt and Nathaniel, 2007, pg. 53). Each patient has the right to make a choice about things in which affects their health. This paper...
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Ann case. Finally, there will be a discussion on the nursing advice to give Mr. Frank and Sarah. Ethical Decision "Ethical principles are basic and
obvious moral truths that guide deliberation and action" (Burkhardt and Nathaniel, 2007, pg. 74). As a professional nurse, the guide of deliberation
and action goes back to autonomy, which is respecting the wishes of the patient. Before Mrs. Ann health began to decline, she discussed her wishes
with her husband if there was anything happen to them. Mrs. Ann told Mr. Frank, if there was no chance of survival, she did not want to be hooked
to a breathing machine. Her health started to decline and she had to be placed in a nursing home. Mrs. Ann stopped talking and eating and the
doctor has called Mr. Frank about insertion of a feeding tube. Mr. Frank consults with his daughter about what to do with his wife. As previously
stated, before Mrs. Ann health began to decline, she did not want to be hooked to a breathing machine. This means that Mrs. Ann does not want any
life prolonging measures to be put in place in order to keep her alive. "For patients with advanced dementia, observational studies have shown no
survival benefit when comparing those who do or do not receive tube feeding" (Hanson, et.al., 2008, pg. 1130). Insertion of a feeding tube would not
benefit Mrs. Ann, if that is what Mr. Frank and the daughter are concerned about. The primary concern should be respecting the original wishes of Mrs.

Ethical and Social Concerns in Global Business
Name: Course: Tutor: Date: QUESTION: Critically examine the ethical and social concerns in global business and their relevance in the Kenyan
economic situation. Introduction Ethics are defined as the process of distinguishing the right and good from the wrong and bad and they call for a
moral responsibility to pursue the good and right. Business ethics are concerned with the good or right and the bad or wrong behavior in the business
organization context. Social responsibility on the other hand goes hand in hand with business ethics. It advocates that a business should act more
responsibly beyond the pure profit or economic motive. The expectations of both ethical conduct and socially responsible conduct can vary in cultures
of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Strict adherence should thus be called for and heavy penalties should be imposed on those who fault on them. The following guidelines can help to a
great deal if taken into account; i. The manufacturing states should aim at producing high quality products to the host countries. This includes products
that do more of good than harm. ii. The home country should contribute to the host country development. This includes among other things availing the
appropriate technology when demanded and provision of high quality services when entrusted with certain job contracts. SOCIAL CONCERNS
Multinational corporations should advocate and promote healthy social responsibility. Social responsibility is the overall relationship of the
corporations with its stake holders. These include the customers, employees, communities, owners/ investors, governments, suppliers and competitors.
The components of social responsibility include investment in community outreach, employee relations, creation and maintenance of employment,
environmental responsibility, human rights and financial performance. Global business has imparted positively in various ways to the growth of the
Kenyan economy and the general improvement in the social living standards of individuals. Globalization has imparted positively to the Kenyan
economy in the following ways;

Public Health: Ethical Concerns and Potential Barriers Essay
Introduction Public health is an important aspect of human life and there is need for the healthcare practitioners to ensure that they give proper
healthcare services to human beings in ensuring their protection. Public health is an art and a science mandated with the responsibility of preventing
disease thereby prolonging life of an individual and promotion of the health through different health organizations, societies, public, and private
(Aginam, 2005). The major part of public is dealing in the disease prevention rather than curing since the practitioners believe in the core principle that
prevention is better than cure. Even though it gives much weight in the prevention, public health also assists in the treatment of various ... Show more
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Individuals need to have their freedoms and rights protected in the event of ensuring that the practitioner provides the best healthcare service (Aginam,
2005). Public health ensures ethical considerations of the patients in the prevention of the various diseases that affect the citizens of a given
environment. There are so many other ethical concerns other than the listed above. Most governmental institutions for the different economies
mandated with the responsibility of enhancing public health develop different ethical codes (Martin & Johnson, 2001). Individuals have the right to be
healthy and receive proper medical attention concerning prevention and treatment of the various infectious diseases and complications. Their rights for
such public health provisions should be upheld in an attempt to provide the best services for the person. In addition, every individual has the right to
get access to various sources of data and information on the different public health issues affecting an environment (Aginam, 2005). It is important to
enlighten a community on such rights in order to reduce the prevalence of certain diseases as well as the costs involved in their prevention and
treatment. Public health ethical concerns are very vital within a given economy or nation as through proper administration of the required healthcare
service, both curative and preventive a healthy population is maintained thereby giving the economy a productive labor. As a result, the

Ethical Concerns Within Public Research
Ethics
There are few ethical concerns within this research question. Firstly, it may be the case that the subjects can become distressed due to the sensitive
nature of the research question. If at any point this occurs during the interview, I will switch off the recorder until the participant is ready to continue;
if at all. If a participant wishes to withdraw at any point during the research, they will be able to do so freely. Each participant will be provided with a
consent form, which they must sign before the study commences. They will also be provided with a copy of this consent form. Furthermore, a debrief
form will be provided at the end of the research, which will illustrate my contact details. I will express that they are entirely welcome to contact me at
any stage during and after the research if they have any other questions or concerns.
With this in mind, each participant will be afforded extreme confidentiality and anonymity throughout the research. I am weary that the definition of
confidentiality and anonymity is a fairly subjective term (Davies et al 2011). Therefore I will make it implicitly clear, on the consent and the brief
form, that all names of each participant given to myself will be changed for the purposes of the research; regardless whether the names given were
correct names or not. Furthermore, the interview recordings will only be heard by myself and my supervisor, if required. At the end of the research
project all voice recordings will be

Ethical Concerns Of Genetically Modified Organisms Essay
Ethical Concern and Genetically Modified (GM) Crops
Are Genetically Modified (GM) crops safe for environment? Might organisms and environment be harmed by GM crops?
According to the World Health Organization (2014. 1), "Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms (i.e. plants, animals or
microorganisms) in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination.
The technology is often called 'modern biotechnology ' or 'gene technology ', sometimes also 'recombinant DNA technology ' or 'genetic engineering '.
Foods produced from or using GM organisms are often referred to as GM foods." Many organic crops farming farmers are against cultivating of GM
crops because of the threat to farm land and environment however, biotechnology companies and GM crops growing famer desire to have profit and
consumer look for low price. Thus, the debate over the environmental impact of genetically modified GM crops is growing. Although GM crops
negatively affects on some organism in environment, they reduce the use of pesticides and increase crop yield.
Genetically Modified insect resistant crops produce the toxic substances as a results it effect non–target organism and entire ecosystem. Biodiversity
has significant role to balance environment as biodiversity decreases interaction between species decrease and ecosystem and food chain affect
adversely. Some weeds are source of food for

Ethical Concerns Among The Field Of Psychology
Ethical concerns among the field of psychology aren't taboo, especially dating back before the 1980's. The Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted in
1971, is considered one of the most notorious experiments conducted at Stanford University as well as in the realm of social psychology as a whole.
The superintendent of the experiment, Dr. Phillip Zimbardo, has faced an ethical confliction after the experiment was terminated. The purpose of the
experiment was to evaluate how innocent individuals would react in a mock–jail scenario, both Zimbardo and his colleagues claimed they never
expected such an outcome that occurred. Though many appraise the scandalous experiment, some view it as unprincipled and disreputable. The human
subjects for the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was done so no bias was applicable; everyone had equal opportunity for both positions. Nine guards and nine prisoners were meant to be a
part of the experiment at all times, the extra guards and prisoners of the experiment were used as back up. The prisoners stayed at the mock jail all
day and night while three guards would rotate every eight hours. The guards were trained by Dr. Zimbardo, who played the role as the warden of
the prison. He trained the guards loosely, no concrete details on what they were supposed to do as guards. Their only rules were to maintain the
prisoners, refer to them by their prison number and to avoid physical violence. The prisoners were vaguely informed about the experiment due to
wanting the subjects to adapt into their roles as well as the guards. Real police cars and officers arrested the prisoners from each individual's home;
doing the standard procedure for arrests. Some of the procedures including being pat–down and read their Miranda Rights. One by one the prisoners
arrived to the Stanford mock prison setting. Each prisoner was searched, stripped and were forced to wear degrading garments. All the prisoners wore
a dress with their prison number sewed into the front and back as well as a heavy ankle chain, thin sandals, and a stocking cap that they had to wear at
all times. Though prisoners at the time didn't wear

Ethical Concerns Of Computer Technology
Ethical Concerns in Computing
A journey down the fine line of ethical concerns in computing. However there is a constant change in nature and in technology. Therefore, change
creates a difficulty in what specific moral codes are to be followed when viewing the region of computer technology, moreover it is a necessity that
ethics be considered when making decisions in this specific region. Computing or in other words the use or operation of computers (Bowles, M. D.
2013). Has created a whole new set of ethical concerns, different in its own way. For example, Software Theft were someone is utilizing software
however did not go through proper protocol to do so like paying for it; unauthorized use of hardware or the use of computers to commit fraud,
hacking, lacking rights to the product, virus used in the act of sabotage. There are more personal issues as well like making false claims on computer
merchandise, responsibility for the reliability of output, and the degradation of work.
These concerns engender a new set of ethical questions, such as, does information on individuals stored in a computer constitute an intolerable invasion
of privacy? Is copying software without legal rights to the product really a form of stealing or are victimless crime more acceptable than crimes with
human casualties. With that said there are questions like these that demand ethical principles to be applied to their resolution because without the
consideration of ethics, these gray areas can

Discuss The Ethical Concerns Of Nike
P4: examine the ethical concerns of the communities in which Nike operates:
Nike is an American multinational corporation, which is primarily focused in the production of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and offering
services. Over the past several years, Nike has raised many ethical concerns in the communities in which they operate. They have local, regional,
national and global affects.
Globalisation
Globalisation is a process in which a business expands into other regions and operates on an international level. Nike is one of the biggest
multinational corporations. In the past few years, Nike has been one of the dominant companies in marketing sporting goods such as footwear and
clothing. Nike does not produce any of its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many nations do not respect human rights till today. Rights which are birth right of human in developed countries are still not universally accepted.
Rights such as freedom of speech, equality without discrimination towards gender, race, religion, language or any other status should be respected
and taken into account. Nike has been accused of abuse in factories overseas where its products are manufactured. The abuse includes both physical
and mental abuse to their employees working in the factories. There have also been reports of workers being underpaid and overworked. It is Nike's
responsibility to take good care of its stakeholders, which include factory workers and families, the factory management besides Nike

Ethical Concerns Of Gene Therapy Changing The Human Body
Because gene therapy involves changing the human body, it comes with its set of ethical concerns, which are not answered fully nor so rapidly. Until
such scientific and technological advancements, people dealt with their genetic inequality (if faced with one) as their reality, as part of their life until
they died. But with the advent of gene therapy, people may have a choice to deal with their genetic inequalities, even though it may not threaten their
health or way of life. Dealing with genetic inequalities that are not dangerous to a person's health follows a eugenic aura. It questions the normality of
a person and categorizes genetic inequalities as disabilities. Also, it treats the latter as diseases needed to be cured and/or prevented.

Ethical Concerns In The Tuskegee Study
There are so many ethical concerns that were raised in the study. This study violated human rights and code of ethics. First, the participants did not get
any informed consent. Informed consent helps the participants or subjects know about the purpose of the study, potential consequences, risks, and
benefits. Second, this study involved one race of the population. Tuskegee study was biased by selected only black's people those were poor, no medical
insurance, and illiterate. Third, they laid to them the main reasons for the experiment. Fourth, they violated the participant autonomy. Finally, the
participants were misleading with false promises that they were getting them treated because of their "Bad Blood" and special free treatment which

Sustainability And Ethical Concerns Of The Body Shop
1.Sustainability and ethical concerns
The Body Shop was always considered as sustainable and ethical business.
'The company 's campaigns against human rights abuses, in favour of animal and environmental protection and it commitment to challenge the
stereotypes of beauty perpetuated by the cosmetics industry' (THE BODY SHOP, 1999).
The Body Shop sources the best quality raw ingredients around the world, they have 'twenty–five Community Fair Trade suppliers' (THE BODY
SHOP, 2015) and their purchasing practices need to be ethical as per company' core values. Picture 1 provides a list of the sourced ingredients and
show countries they come from. Picture 1: Community Fair Trade (THE BODY SHOP, 2015)
The Body Shop has a massive social and environmental impact that a global retailer can have through its supply chain, reflected in Ethical Trade and
Community Trade Programmes. The Body Shop was currently affected by some issues linked with its supply chain. 'In order to build a sustainable
supply chain, retailers need to be aware of what is happening in the immediate and wider environment and should be able to scan the trading
environment across a number of levels' (Ellis–Chadwick F, Rafiq M, 2012, p.24). It is really important for The Body Shop to stay ethical and
committed to their beliefs.
In 2010 The Body Shop dropped one of their suppliers in Colombia due to peasant farmers' evictions, because the supplier wanted to develop a new
plantation. Daabon Organic was The

Robpocalypse: The Ethical Concerns For Robots
Dylan MaddenDr.Brian Henderson English 201 22 February 2017 Robopocolypse: The Ethical Concerns for Robots I.Introduction "The widespread
availability of service robots has resulted from several developments that allowed robots to become mobile, interactive machines" (Sharkey 358).
Robots have become a necessity for people today and perhaps in the future, but the question every asks is if robots can actually be trusted? Today,
robots have been known to provide care for our children and the perhaps even the elderly. They even provide service to our men in combat. However,
it doesn't change the fact that there are those who feel uncomfortable with machinery and their artificial intelligence slowly take part in human matters.
It might be child's play when talking about how robots will one day rule over humans whether people see that kind action from movies... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, he mentions the 5000 robots in Iraq and Afghanistan and how robots, like the Talon SWORD and MAARS, serve as not only
"surveillance or bomb disposal" (359) but also in combat. Then he explains the dangers when he mentions the MQ1 Predator and MQ9 Reapers, which
kill many of their targets but can also result to the deaths of unarmed citizens including children. Like all machines too, humans are the ones that make
the decision as to who or where the machines target. Sharkey then talks of inventing robots that can "autonomously locate targets and destroy them
without human intervention" (359). The point of all his talk on autonomous robots the military creates is how can we be certain humans have control if
the artificial intelligence in them can learn to adapt or become self–aware and they decide who the enemy is? Overall, robots for care and for war are
only two of many ethically problems that scientists and engineers today need to keep in mind and be aware of the potential dangers their creation may

Legal And Ethical Concerns In The Center Of Higher...
1.Please comment on the areas of legal and ethical concerns for your organization as it markets its products/services. Be very specific in your comments.
In the modern day business, many organizations have place emphasis on their financial outcome, however, this has been the main focus over values
that are important to companies such as legal and ethical concerns as well as social responsibility that they have to the world. However, within the
Center of Higher Development Inc. their main focus is children and education. In addition, the Center of Higher Development is a nonprofit
organization that is funded by the government. With the Center, the issue to market to children really brings about focus on the responsibility to
educate children ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, there are ethical issues that occur in marketing and advertising, although, the legal approach may not solve all of the problems. It is wise
for companies to be responsible and take a look at legal and ethical behaviors based on if it is in the best interest of the child. In addition, it is
important for these organizations to determine if it is mandatory to operate in a free market and function efficiently and effectively. We know thatethics
are the moral guiding principles that lead to good behaviors, within organizations. With that being said, ethics portrays two very important roles, one,
it expresses the ethical standards of society and two, it is legal. Therefore, it is imperative to enforce and focus on how organizations such as The
Center of Higher Development Inc. support the rights of children that they interact with daily. One thing, that I enjoy about the Center, they work with
the Healthy Food Truck Initiative, who brings fresh food out to the Center and explains and show children how to eat healthy, Healthy Kids, mobile
truck that provides free physical examines for low income children; The Dental Association of Illinois, mobile dentist who provides free dental
screenings for low income

Ethical Concerns Of Stem Cell Research
Steven Weinberg, a famous theoretical physicist, once said, "It does not help that some politicians and journalists assume the public is interested only
in those aspects of science that promise immediate practical applications to technology or medicine" (Doc, 2016). Though this refers to many, if not all,
fields of science when there are new technological advances, there is one in particular that falls under this assumption. There are two basic fields within
stem cell research and the one under the most scrutiny is embryonic stem cell research. To be able to use their stem cells without killing them has not
been developed yet, so many articles on ethical concerns of stem cell research are focused on this specific topic. Many areas of ... Show more content on
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As a result of their abilities, stem cells have the potential to develop into many separate cell types in the body during early life. In addition, many
tissues they serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing practically without limit to replenish other cells as long as the organism is still alive
(NIH, 2015). When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a function that is
permanent.
Until recently, scientists primarily worked with two kinds of stem cells from animals and humans: embryonic stem cells and non–embryonic "somatic"
or "adult" stem cells (NIH, 2015). The detailed study of the biology of mouse stem cells led to the discovery of a method to derive stem cells from
human embryos and grow the cells in the laboratory (NIH, 2015). These are the human embryonic stem cells. In 2006, another breakthrough was made
by identifying conditions that would allow some specialized adult cells to be "reprogrammed" to acquire a stem cell–like state, called induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (NIH, 2015).
Though they are thought to be limited in their capabilities, adult stem cells, and tissues derived from them, are believed to less likely to reject after
transplantation. This is because a patient 's own cells could be coaxed into assuming a specific cell type (differentiation), and then reintroduced into the
patient (NIH, 2015). This represents a significant advantage, as immune rejection can

Ethical Concerns : Ethical Issues
Hydrofracking Ethical Concerns One of the focal points in the argument for and against hydrofracking is the ethical concerns of the process. These
ethical concerns can be broken down into a collection of other topics. Hydrofracking ethical concerns are based on a web of different topics. The
first of which is political; as hydrofracking is a political topic as much as it is any other. Currently some states allow hydrofracking and some do not.
On the political side of things Republicans tend to promote it while democrats tend to push for anti–hydrofracking legislature. The political ethics are
involved when it comes to banning something that is not on one's own land. Despite the environmental effects of hydrofracking, is it ethical to
prevent someone from fracking on their own land if this has no effect on someone else? Some would say yes and others would say no, but I
believe that if you are the owner of your own property then as long as it is of no detriment to another person you should be able to do what you
wish of it. Therefor I don 't think that it is ethical for the federal or state government to ban hydrofracking from a private land owner. The economic
ethical concerns are another topic of large debates. Should we prevent the production of a massive resource right under our feet? A resource that
could provide millions of jobs and provide billions of dollars of tax revenue to both state and federal governments. States like North Dakota
experienced almost no

Ethical Concerns Of The Toy Industry Essay
As a corporate director of Paradigm Toys, it is my main responsibility to make policies and regulations that will help the business to be successful in
the toy industry. Not only do ethical policies make encouraging impacts on the employees but they also increase the number of loyal, reoccurring
customers. Therefore, it is a simple need of the business to focus on ethical concerns related to all of the organization. In this perspective, my paper
will discuss different viewpoints related to ethical concerns with the help of ethical leadership.
As a corporate director of Paradigm Toys Company I will be able to work with allmanagement principles but it may not successfully help the
business to increase the ethical terms and transparency within the organization. Thus, I feel that reward power may be used to create the best ethical
climate at Paradigm Toys: "Reward Power is the fastest way to persuade. Because it refers to the ability to deliver rewards or benefits to influence
others. These can be financial, material, or psychological rewards." (EzineMark.com. 2013–2015). When employees feel valued and are allowed to
work the best way they can and receive rewards for it then they tend to produce better products. However, it can also make adverse impressions over
the employees because they feel free in the workplace and that can cause them to become lazy and slack up due to the freedom that they have been
given. The best way to prevent this would be to make sure that the

Ethical Concerns of Managing Short-Term Earnings
Short Term Gains, Long Term Effects The article, "The Dangerous Morality of Managing Earnings" explores ethical concerns about the management of
earnings. The article makes some generalizations about managers and the reporting of short term earnings. Among them are:
Reducing earnings is viewed more favorably than increasing earnings.
Changing or manipulating operating procedures or decisions to boost short term earnings is viewed more favorably than manipulating accounting
methods to achieve the same results.
Short–term management of earnings is considered more acceptable if the effect is small.
Short–term management of earnings is more acceptable if effect is on quarterly earnings than if the effect is on annual earnings.
Selling excess assets or using overtime is a more acceptable practice than increasing profits by offering extended credit terms. (Bruns, 1990) Seventy
Nine Percent of those surveyed asserted that it was ethical to change or manipulate operating procedures or decisions if the effect was a reduction of
earnings. Only 57% believed this was ethical if the effect was an increase of earnings. One corporate controller admitted to paying overtime and
shipping on a Saturday in an effort to increase sales. (Bruns, 1990) Managers who engage in practices that boost short–term earnings are often acting in
accordance with the laws. However, they are not looking at the effects their actions have on the financial reports. This, in essence, ignores the needs of

Ethical Concerns For Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation In our reading some of the ethical concerns for rehabilitation were that it does not work and studies showed offenders still committed
crimes once released. I think that rehabilitation can work in some cases. The main thing is that the he or she must want the help and skills needed for
rehabilitation. There also needs to be a service available for them to continue treatment or training after being released from jail. I believe that the crime
committed needs to meet the punishment given. For example: if a person willingly takes someone's life he or she is found guilty beyond a doubt,
they should not be receiving these opportunities. Now if a person is sentenced to jail for a drug possession or petty theft, they should be able

Ethical Concerns In Assessment Paper
Ethical Concerns in Assessment
Caitlan Handrahan
PSY 4302
When dealing with psychological assessment you are dealing with people, and any time you are dealing with people you have to be mindful of the
ethical concerns that come with whatever form of testing you are conducting. In the past there have been many legality issues concerning ethical
violations, some were on accident and others were carried out to benefit someone other than the person being tested. Anyone in the psychological field
has the responsibility to remain objective and conscientious of what they are putting a subject through during the time of testing. There are many
ethical concerns that I will discuss throughout this paper, the main focus I am revolving ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some parents refuse to let their children take standardized tests. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
Crespi, T., & Politikos, N. (2008). Personality assessment with adolescents: challenges and guidelines. Adolescence, 43(171), 593–606
Crespi, T. D., & Politikos, N. N. (2012). Personality Assessment for School Psychologists: Considerations and Issues for Contemporary Practice.
Journal Of Infant, Child & Adolescent Psychotherapy, 11(3), 229–237.
Dailor, A. N., & Jacob, S. (2011). Ethically challenging situations reported by school psychologists: Implications for training.Psychology In The
Schools, 48(6), 619–631. doi:10.1002/pits.20574
Phillips, M. (2006). Standardized Tests Aren't Like T–Shirts: One Size Doesn't Fit All. Multicultural Education, 14(1), 52–55.
Warne, R. T., Yoon, M., & Price, C. J. (2014). Exploring the various interpretations of "test bias". Cultural Diversity And Ethnic Minority Psychology,
20(4), 570–582. doi:10.1037/a0036503
Weinstein, Y., & Roediger III, H. L. (2010). Retrospective bias in test performance: Providing easy items at the beginning of a test makes students
believe they did better on it. Memory & Cognition, 38(3), 366–376.

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