Ted Kennedy A Political Analysis

Ted Kennedy A Political Analysis
A Democrat from Massachusetts of Kennedy family fame, Senator Edward "Ted" Kennedy spoke
before the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies on September 27th, 2002. Just a
year earlier on September 11th, 2001, terrorists attacked the American homeland, arousing
politicians and the American public alike to eliminate the threat posed by terror. While Iraq had little
to do with 9/11, President George W. Bush capitalized on the spirit of 9/11 and made it a personal
mission to go after Saddam Hussein, the illiberal Iraqi dictator that Bush accused of harboring
nuclear weapons. Kennedy's speech in September of 2002 came right as Bush began looking to take
preemptive action against Iraq. Kennedy thus used this opportunity to come out against the war
Bush was looking to wage. Iraq had become the biggest talking point in American politics, and
Kennedy, one of the most influential Democrats at the time, was one of the few members of
Congress to take such a decisive stance. Despite representing the relative minority of those in ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Democratic leadership wanted to keep the focus of the upcoming elections on domestic issues
like the economy, issues that they felt would help rally Democratic votes, and away from war. With
the major concern of voters being war with Iraq, however, Democrats like Kennedy were weary that
the issue of war would not be debated as much as it needed to be debated. More hawkish stances on
war, both in the Republican and Democratic parties, seemed to be dominating the sphere, and
Kennedy's speech was an attempt at giving voice to the relative minority in the Democratic party
who did not support
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Sunni-Shiite Conflict
The Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam have been feuding for hundreds of years dating back to the
beginning of the Islamic religion. The deity or god of the Sunnis is Allah. The Sunni branch of Islam
is the larger of the two branches with over 80% of the Muslim population. The Sunni are the
majority in most of the countries that have Islamic followers. There are a few different translations
of what Sunna stands for, one of which is "Habitual Practice." The differences between the two
branches can be traced all the back to the 7th century CE when the disagreements as to who should
succeed Muhammad. Sunnis believe that the Muslim community should maintain the right to select
who the successor to Muhammad is going to be. The Shiite branch ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The successor to Muhammad Ali was assassinated in the city of Najaf, Iraq in the year 661. The
Shia put so much emphasis on the assassination death of Ali in 661 that the city in which he was
killed has become an important place of pilgrimage for some Shia Muslims. Another important
figure in the eyes of the Shia Muslims is the grandson of Muhammad Husayn who was murdered in
Karbala, Iraq in 680. The Shia recognize the event each year on Ashura, which is a day or mourning
recognized throughout the Shia branch, with a number of Pilgrimages to the city of Karbala.
(Patheos.com)
In 2004 in the midst of the Iranian nuclear aspirations and the slow slide of Iraq into a civil war,
there was talk publicly of a "Shia crescent" in the Middle East. The president in the country of
Jordan who was a Sunni that proclaimed direct relation to the prophet Muhammad was the person
that sounded the alarm about the "Shia crescent", which started at the Mediterranean Sea and ended
at the Persian Gulf. The crescent continued from the Caspian Sea to the Indian Ocean. Abdullah and
Mubarak along with the Saudi officials suggested the threat of a divided Middle East along the
sectarian lines. It would put the forever–downtrodden Shia against their Sunni rulers. They thought
that the first battleground might be Iraq followed by the oil laden Persian Gulf region. If this were to
occur then the Shiite leader of Iran could secure all of the oil and gas fields in

Primary Roots Of War
conflict. This is because politics determines the distribution of power including, wealth or poverty,
and independence or oppression. As noted above, grievances are said to be one of the primary roots
of war. Political conflict between minorities and nation states, as well as religion and culture may
cause grievance and therefore result in either peaceful protests or violent actions of terror.
III. The Roots of Military Conflict From Von Clausewitz, known as the Prussian military thinker
with influence on the modern organizations of mass violence in the West, and Karl Marx on the
economic experiments of Russia, warfare is continuance of politics with the combination of other
means (). War is typically not the goal itself, but rather, it

Dehumanization Of Racial And Religious Groups
As the great American writer Audre Lorde had voiced, "unless one lives and loves in the trenches, it
is difficult to remember that the war against dehumanization is ceaseless." This demonstrates that
the hierarchical standard of an admirable human is not someone who is seen within darkness or
dissociation from a social state. People are naturally imposed on wanting to gain an infiltrated
categorization of themselves. Dehumanization is inflicted upon people due to forced beliefs and
instincts that are presented in our society. Universally, any form of government or class structure has
a form of media base and the constant cycle of the sociological depiction of its surrounds. This
projection about political wrath ultimately influences a person 's consciousness. The
institutionalized systems that are created produce desensitized global citizens to the negativity and
restraint to a targeted group. When Nour Kteily, Emile Bruneau, Adam Wayt, and Sarah Cotterill
conducted experimental research on the dehumanization of racial/religious groups based on
differentiating biases. They compared and contrasted the responses of two hundred and one
Americans to that of a numerical correspondence to thirteen different nationalities, ethnicities or
religious groups. The research was construed by the topic of evolution.
For defining this rhetoric, it brings in the ideologies over the course of years in foreign affairs,
furthermore accelerated the amount of propaganda and political

Saddam Hussein: Tikrit, Iraq
Saddam Hussein Saddam was born in April 28, 1937 in Tikrit, Iraq. He was born into a poor family.
His father disappeared before he was born and his older brother died of cancer shortly after. His
mother was so depressed because of his older brother's death and his father leaving that she was
unable to take care of him. He moved to live with his uncle in Baghdad when he was three. He later
moved in with a devout Sunni Muslim named Talfah. Talfah's politics had a huge influence on
Saddam growing up. Saddam later joined the Ba'ath Party. The Ba'ath Party's main ideology was to
unite Arab states in the Middle East. Members of the Ba'ath party, including Saddam, attempted to
assassinate Iraq's then–president, Abd al–Karim Qasim on October 7, 1959 because he didn't want
to Unite all Arab states. The assassination was a failure, and several of the members were caught,
tried, and executed. All the other members, including Saddam, fled to Syria. Saddam later then went
to Egypt, where he attended law school. When Saddam returned to Iraq in 1963, he was arrested for
in–fighting in the Ba'ath Party. He remained in politics while in Prison, and then years later, he was
able to escape. Still remaining in the Ba'ath party, he proved to be a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This conflict turned into a war. Western Nations put their support in Saddam even though his
invasion clearly violated international law because they were scared of the spread of Islamic
radicalism. After years of war that left thousands dead on both sides, an agreement was finally
reached on August 20, 1988. Saddam then tried revitalizing Iraq's economy and infrastructure.
Saddam then ordered an invasion on Kuwait on August 2, 1990. To resolve this, The UN Security
Council set a deadline that Iraqi forces must be out of Kuwait. The deadline was ignored, and forces
drove them out of

2003 Invasion Of Iraq
blamed of supporting terrorist groups, assistant them financially and with arms he was also related
to the attacks of 9/11 all these allegations were investigated by writers, journalists and even the F.B.I
and this investigations concluded that were not true. "After overthrowing Saddam's government, no
evidence of an Iraq/Al–Qaeda connection ever surfaced, either; Saddam himself, in the FBI
interviews, denounced Osama bin– Laden and denied having any dealings with Al– Qaeda. Over
time, it was proved that this was accurate and Hussein had nothing to do with the terrorist
organization Al Qaeda, and after an extensive search, the inspectors of the Iraq Survey Group did
not find WMDs on Iraq" (Polk, 2005).
Another important reason that is attributed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bush for the invasion was the largest reserve of oil in Iraq. Critics of the war stated that when Bush
indicated that the purpose of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq was to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass
destruction, to end Saddam Hussein's support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people was a lie."
"The public justifications for the invasion were nothing but pretext, and falsified pretext at that,"
Bonds claimed "the United States was interested in taking control of the oil production of Iraq rather
than national security" According to the author, Federal Reserve Chairman Allen Greenspan stated
that the "Iraq war was largely about oil" and "for economic reasons" (Bonds, 2013). Like Bonds,
Polk argues that the 2003 invasion of Iraq was a U.S. strategy for its own interest. According to
Polk, the U.S. interests to occupy Iraq were to have a "pro–US state", U.S. military bases in Iraq,
and to expand the Iraqi oil economy to other

Ron Paul Research Paper
"Real patriotism is a willingness to challenge the government when it's wrong," (Paul,
brainyquote.com). Ron Paul is one of the most politically outspoken, upfront, and direct figures in
the political world. While many leftist members have called Ron Paul an extremist and have
sometimes many political discrepancies, even with Republican peers at some times, I believe its
clear that Ron Paul has shown and still shows political courage because Paul is very open about his
unchanging Libertarian/Conservative ideologies and was the only U.S. Representative to vote
against the U.S.A. P.A.T.R.I.O.T. Act. The U.S.A. P.A.T.R.I.O.T. Act, or the Uniting and
Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
Terrorism ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Was the war against Iraq necessary for America to protect itself? Ron Paul answers no, it was not
necessary and could have avoided 4,425 deaths and 32,223 wounded on the American side alone
(Casualties of Iraq war, antiwar.com). The Iraqi casualties vary anywhere from 100,000 to upwards
of 1 million total deaths as far as scientific surveys go (Casualties of Iraq war, Wikipedia.com).
While this was one of the least casualty stricken wars in American history, the economic spending
on this war was an amount some would call insanity. The base total cost America 1.7 trillion dollars,
not including the 490 billion dollars owed to war veterans (Cost of Iraq war, reuters.com). As of
October 30th, 11:15pm, 2014, the US is in $17,909,170,840,508.92 in debt (U.S. Debt Clock

Media Collapse And The War On Iraq
Media Collapse and the War on Iraq
During Bush's War on Terror, the US media unquestionably fell short of its normative function, a
point argued by Gary Kamiya in his article for Salon, by failing to provide factual, unbiased and
relevant information on the war in Iraq. This essay will use Herman and Chomsky's propaganda
model to explain how flak and sourcing forced the majority of journalists to report only news that
backed the government's arguments for war, thus skewing the public's perception of events in the
aftermath of 9/11. It will then explain, with reference to John Reith's Public Service Principles and
Johan Galtung's public sphere model, what the normative function of media in a Libertarian society
should be, and how this could be better met by the media during wartime by a better balance of
published opinions for and against the war, and better fact checking by journalists.
In order to assess how the media "collapsed" we must first know its normative function. The Public
Service Principles, an idea commonly associated with the BBC's first Director General John Reith,
tells us that the media must provide a "diversity of content reflecting the social and cultural diversity
of the public and reflecting a full range of public opinion" (Thompson, "Media, Society and
Politics"). During Bush's War on Terror, the media failed to present a balance of views both for and
against the war. When Charles Kennedy, the "most famous democrat in the country, raised questions

Islamism In Iraq
Explain the impact of the role of Islam in the politics of Iraq after Saddam Hussein's dictatorship.
Islamism, as a basic feature of Muslim and especially Arab politics, and has played a major role in
Iraqi politics. There are two branches of Islam present in Iraq, the Shiites (Or Shia) and Sunni.
Similar to Iran and Bahrain, Iraq has a Shiites majority. This majority has, however, not been able to
exercise much political power until the 2000's, with the removal of President Saddam Hussein and
his Sunni elite. Modern Iraq has a strong affinity between religious devotion and politics.
During the 2003–2011 presence of U.S. forces, Iraq completed a transition from the dictatorship of
Saddam Hussein to a plural political system in which varying ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The primary grievances of most Iraqi Sunnis include the integration of Shi'a militias into the Iraqi
Security Forces (ISF), attacks by the ISF in Sunni civilian areas, and political exclusion in Baghdad.
A huge moral and ideological vacuum had emerged in Iraq after Saddam Hussein, and Islam was
ideal to provide a new moral compass to the people. Neighboring states were already moving
quickly where possible to establish centers of influence within Iraq to prepare for the day when U.S.
power departs. Iran supported Islamist movements among the Shia while Saudi Arabia and the Gulf
States sought bolster Sunni forces in Iraq.
The Islamists–Shia and Sunni–were not automatically hostile to the U.S. presence, especially since
both gained from the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. But they were determined to retain the
"Muslim character" of Iraq, especially in the face of non–Muslim occupation, and cannot long
support the U.S. presence. Islamist power inside Iraq has diminished to the extent there is freedom
enjoyed by other political and religious parties within the country to rival the Islamists. However, as
nearly everywhere, repression of political pluralism invariably works to the benefit of the

International Policy Between Western Countries And The...
CHAPTER 3: DATAANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION
1) ISIS changed foreign policy between western countries and the Middle East
Data Analysis and Sources:
*Empirical history
USA Foreign policy:
From 1945 to 1990 the United States of America kept an important military deployment in Europe
and Asia and in contrast they had a low military footprint in the Middle East counting relying
instead on their local allies; more particularly the conservative Arab monarchies in Saudi Arabia,
Jordan, Persian gulf and had a close relationship with Iran until the revolution in 1979. Furthermore,
Israel has always been for the United States a strategic weapon in the Middle East mostly because it
kept defeating the Soviet Union's Arab allies.
–Bush foreign policy was mainly about keeping the United States powerful and play a "balance
power of game" in the Gulf. Bush "tilted toward Iraq during its war with Iran, and then Bush turned
against Iraq when it invaded Kuwait in 1990". "When the Cold War ended, one might have expected
that U.S. involvement in the region would decline, because there was no longer a significant
external threat to contain. Instead, the U.S. role deepened, beginning with the 1991 Gulf War.
Instead of its earlier balance–of–power approach, the Clinton administration's strategy of "dual
containment" cast Washington in the role of regional policeman. Unfortunately, this ill–conceived
strategy required the United States to keep substantial ground and air forces in Saudi Arabia,

Watching The Pbs Frontline Film Titled, Losing Iraq
Earlier this week we were privileged to watch the PBS Frontline film titled, "Losing Iraq". In the
beginning of this film, General Keane believed that the United States shouldn't invade Iraq. Keane
noticed that the war plans didn't include adequate plans for securing the country. At the same time,
General Franks announced that by September 2003, 110,000 troops would be prepared to leave and
that a division of 30,000 would stay and handle Iraq. At this point of time, this was huge news for
the United States, they truly believed that the major combat phase of the war in Iraq was over.
United States next step was to send Jerry Bremer to Iraq to attempt to fix 20 years of dysfunctional
government. Jerry Bremer was a very interesting candidate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
My answer is, bring 'em on. We got the force necessary to deal with the security situation."
The plan to send more than 100,00 troops home by September 2003 was now absolutely out of the
question. As the war continued, thousands of Iraqis were swept up in raids. The reality became that
you'd go into a village and just arrest everybody. Things were beginning to get out of hand, the
Defense Department decided it wanted Iraq to be given back to the Iraqis as soon as possible. Soon
after the discussion, the US Army captured Saddam Hussein and he shared that he was willing to
negotiate. Many believed that this would lower the tension in Iraq, but they were absolutely wrong.
Four American contractors were murdered and two of the bodies were hung from a bridge. This
upset George Bush very much and he demanded that the Marines retaliate. The Marines took the
order and moved into the city, killing people. Once the Marines were ordered to stop fighting, they
were now ordered to simply surround Fallujah and contain the insurgents. Soon after this, Bremer
formed a new government, and handed Iraq back to the Iraqis.
As the war continued, the United States Army was fighting the Mahdi Army. They pushed the
Mahdi Army into Sadr, but the White House didn't want to risk destroying the mosque so the Army
was ordered to cut a deal. The deal was to have their militia not oppose the Americans. The United
States

Iraq Suicide Attack Research Paper
At least 20 killed during wave of violence in Iraq On October 23rd 2013 a suicide attack near a
police checkpoint in al–Rutba in Anbar province caused a bridge to collapse, killing four police
officers and three truck drivers. Later the deadliest attack occurred when a roadside bomb exploded
on a busy road, killing four people and wounding 11 others in western Baghdad. At least 20 people
were killed across Iraq in shootings and explosions on this day.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/23/world/meast/iraq–violence/index.html?iref=storysearch Iraqi
Cleric Says Again He'll Quit Politics Sadr's party holds 40 seats in the 325–member Parliament,
making it the largest single Shiite bloc which controls seven ministries in the government. Moktada
al–Sadr,

The Sunni Shia Conflict Essay
Sunni Shia Conflict Syria is currently all over the news regarding what many have to come to see as
a civil war. A term like civil war needs to identify the players and the reasons for the war. In this
case the players are being identified as pro government or antigovernment with a Sunni or Shia
overtone. Sunni and Shia are the two major sects of Islam and both have a historical based conflict
going back to the death of the Prophet Muhammad and how Muslims should be governed. This
conflict has caused tensions and violence to flare up throughout Islamic history. This conflict has
carried into modern times and has becoming a rallying point for Muslim people calling for change
with their government and across the Middle Eastern region. The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Ali's son Husayn was sought out and asked to lead a revolt against the Uyammad's. When Husayn
set out on his journey to overthrow Yazid, the current caliph, his "supporters" failed to join his band.
Husayn and 72 of his followers were killed on the plains of Karbala, Iraq. Thus the Shi'at Ali (Party
of Ali) or Shia sect of Islam was born (Egger 2004). The Sunni sect would continue to support what
they saw as the traditional path of Islam. From this initial split other divisions and changes occurred
within the religious practices and laws of Islam. While both share a belief in the Qur'an and the
sunna (sayings or actions) of the Prophet Muhammad there are religious and legal differences.
Imams are by the Shia definition the divinely guided ones but the Sunni defines Imaans as saints
(Diffen n.d.). The Shia declared Ali and his descendants Imams with a special connection to the will
of God with religious and legal authorities. The number of Imams and who were truly the divinely
guided Imams would split Shias. There arose many branches but it came down to three main ones
the Twelvers, the Seveners, and Zayids (Goldschmidt Jr. 2013). The Imams were mystical beings
and the Twelvers believe that the 12th Imam disappeared and will one day return to set thing right
for Muslims. Within the Sunni sect there are four branches of Islamic Law:

President Obama 's Foreign Policy
President Barack Obama and President George W. Bush took different approaches to foreign policy.
Lindsay (2011) suggests that the attacks on September 11th caused President Bush to take an
ideological approach to foreign policy. Obama rejected Bush's outlook and took a more pragmatic
approach. Despite the differences between these two approaches, both Presidents were ultimately
unable to meet their international goals. In this essay, I will summarize Lindsay's main argument.
First, I will review his discussion of President George W. Bush's foreign policy. Second, I will
review his discussion of President Barack Obama's foreign policy. Third, I will review his
discussion of why both foreign policy strategies failed, despite their differences. Fourth, and finally,
I will conclude with a summary of the main points of the essay. According to Lindsay (2011),
President Bush's foreign policy was dominated, first by the 'war on terror', and second by his
'freedom agenda.' This suggests that President Bush's foreign policy was largely driven by ideology.
Lindsay (2011:766) argues that during the war on terror "fighting terrorism became not just a
priority, but the priority" of American foreign policy. The war on terror was the rationale behind
America's decisions to go to war with Afghanistan and Iraq. According to Lindsay (2011), America
invaded Iraq without the approval of the UN which angered many of the United States allies. This
suggests Bush let his ideological agenda dominate

Motives for Iraq War through Realism and Neo-Conservatism...
The invasion on Iraq by the United States in 2003 has become the biggest, lengthiest, and most
expensive use of armed force since the Vietnam War. It is the first major post–Cold War U.S.
military action taken unilaterally, without an international coalition, and the first U.S. experience as
an occupying power in a Middle Eastern country. Although the invasion decision was distinctive
(U.S. military connection in an Arab or Muslim country), the argument here is that the Iraqi invasion
deals with motives related to natural security, power, and resources. Both realism and neo–
conservatism claim to capture the motives behind the war, but only through a comprehensive
comparison of the two can a synthesis be achieved. On March 20th, 2003, the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Realism argues that states are inherently self–interested, have "an innate desire to dominate others,"
and that states are not likely to resolve their differences peacefully (Walt 31). "Rational" statesmen,
as conceived by Morgantheau, continuously embarked on a struggle to accumulate more and more
power. Power was "an end in itself" as only wars came out of the power struggle (Waltz 40).
Realism helps to explain qualities of foreign policy that remain consistent over time. From a realist
standpoint, verdicts by governments to go to war are the product of all states' involuntary
participation in "eternal quests for power and security due to an international political environment
in which each state fears the actual or potential hostility of other states" (Lieberfeld 2). Leaders
logically estimate war's costs and profits in terms of their state's power and security. States'
international behavior thus reflects the constraints imposed on their actions by their relative power
position. Even before 2003, the Bush administration had been forthright and explicit about its goal
of global hegemony––a power so complete that challenging it becomes nearly inconceivable. Bush's
speech at West Point in spring 2002 declared,

The Importance Of Corruption In Iraq
The lack of anti–corruption agencies and a strong legislature thwarted Russian capitalization, and
Iraq must avoid both mistakes in order to create a strong, free–market democracy. Russia's failure to
develop institutions against corruption resulted in a crooked electoral system, which weakened the
democracy that was being introduced. By centralizing the power in the executive branch, Russia
failed to give adequate power and representation to its regional governments, which obstructed
democratization and the free market. Iraq's embryo democracy ought to learn from these two
negative lessons to avoid economic collapse, and create adequate regional representation, legislative
power, and anti–corruption organizations. Anti–corruption ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Since capitalism and democracy are literally by the people, the government must work closely with
the people. One of Russia's great mistakes happened when Yeltsin attempted to force capitalism
upon the Russian people in the January of 1992. Instead of working alongside the people to create
capitalism, Yeltsin used Gaidar's price liberalization policy known as "shock therapy" (McCauley
1998, 59). Today, executive power recentralizes. Putin has used military power to establish central
control in the executive branch which has given him control over defense, internal affairs, and
security. (Chubarov 2001, 259). There is no strong government representing the people that has the
power to change the current status. If a strong parliamentary branch of government is formed with
power over the president, democracies can more fully represent and work with the people, matching
their interests. Regional governments support capitalism more than a strong centralized President.
Authoritarian regimes and capitalism don't mix well, and Russia is the prime example for this. If
democracy in Iraq is to succeed, institutions must be made to fight corruption and protect the very
things that corruption threatens. Russia's neglect to fight corruption basically cancelled out the
whole purpose of elections. Iraq, with its developing democracy must give parties and candidates
equal opportunity in elections through strong institutions protecting

Compare and contrast the 1990 Gulf War to the 2003 Iraq...
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE 1990 GULF WAR TO THE 2003 IRAQ INVASION. DID
THE POSITION OF ARAB REGIMES DIFFER?
The Gulf War in 1990 and the invasion of Iraq in 2003 both had a profound impact not just on the
countries directly involved – primarily Iraq and the United States (US) – but also on the geo–politics
of the world. Arguably, the War ended in a stalemate because the Iraqi regime that had started the
War by invading Kuwait remained in power. Perhaps inevitably then, in March 2003 the US and its
allies invaded Iraq with the stated aim of overthrowing the regime of Saddam Hussein and
destroying that regime's Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). Some similarities between both
Wars are immediately obvious: for example, the same country, the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
According to this now–infamous study, Saddam had "so overextended his capital in the war with
Iran that he was not in a position to undertake any significant hostile action for, at the very least,
three years"�. The CIA grossly underestimated Saddam's penchant for military expansionism.
Critics of the quality of US intelligence abound. Freedman and Efraim have concluded that
"Operation Desert Storm was a low point for Marine Corps intelligence. It revealed an antiquated
architecture that was unresponsive to the needs of the United States Army"� while Seliktar writes
of an "unprepared organization" and of "considerable in–theatre limitations and restrictions."�
Arguably, the military success camouflaged these intelligence failings. Surprisingly, these
intelligence failures during the Gulf War were carried over into the Iraq War.
Detractors of the war argued that the US intelligence services provided misleading and inaccurate
information about WMD. US intelligence services had miscalculated Iraqi WMD development in
the 1980s and it was widely argued that they over compensated in the other direction in the 21st
century. One potential explanation for such a mistake was that the CIA tended to rely on
technological information rather than gather human intelligence – 'humint' – from 'assets' situated in
Iraq and the Middle East. Regardless of this

Costs Of Globalization And Localization
Globalization and localization are two conflicting trends in international politics today.
Globalization is the spread of peoples, activities, norms, ideas, goods, services, and currencies from
one area of the world to another. (Rosenau 15) Localization is the narrowing of horizons and the
confinement of peoples, activities, norms, ideas, goods, services, and currencies to a particular
geographic area. (Rosenau 16) Globalization and localization affect the world's countries in three
main areas, politics, economics, and culture. Both globalization and localization have many
benefits, as well as many costs.
Globalization is a predominant force in the world today. The development of the Internet and other
far–reaching communication media ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Participation in global organizations also undermines political autonomy of countries.
At the same time that globalization of the world is increasing, there are also strong localization
sentiments. Many things can be gained by the emphasis of local distinctiveness in politics, culture,
and economy. Politically, localization gives governmental autonomy to nations. Countries can spend
all their time and effort on programs and policies that emphasize their priorities. Economically, the
activities of producers and consumers are constricted to the country, which provides support for
domestic businesses and full consumption of the goods they produce. Culturally, localization gives
nations a rich sense of heritage and strengthens traditional customs and ideas. (Rosenau 17)
Localization serves to strengthen individual countries.
While there are benefits to localization, there are also costs. Localization decreases international
trade and investment which decreases the amount and variety of goods and services available to
people. Localization also prevents new customs and ideas from entering a country that could enrich
their culture. Without participation in international political organizations, a country is without allies
and support in times of military or economic crisis.
Globalization and localization can best be understood by examining current events. One of the most
prevalent examples of globalization today is evident in the first

Competitive Authoritarianism
A. INTRODUCTION
In this article, Toby Dodge talks about the shift of Iraqi politics from imposition of democracy by
the United States after the invasion, and the transition to competitive authoritarianism after Nouri
al–Maliki's election as the Prime Minister in April 2006.
This critical review will first provide a summary of the arguments put forth by the author, and then
provide a critical analysis of the same in context of the article's persuasiveness.
B. SUMMARY
The author traces Iraqi politics from the US–led invasion of March 2003 to Maliki's attempts to
crush all opposition before the provincial elections of April 2013. Dodge's main argument focuses
on how Maliki has attempted to impose competitive authoritarianism by undermining ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
CRITICAL ANALYSIS
The article provides a comprehensive argument about how Maliki has turned Iraq into 'competitive
authoritarianism'. This claim has been supported through a multiplicity of instances. The author
clarifies why he calls Iraq a 'competitive authoritarianism' instead of terming it as complete
authoritarianism, by explaining how the latter involves removing the opportunities for opposition
completely, while the former shapes the field of competition to its own advantage(244). Such an
explanation, along with the use of various instances to support the claim, makes his main argument
very persuasive.
While he provides enough evidences to support his main claim, the author does not give sufficient
evidence to support his idea of the aims with which the Bush administration decided to invade
Iraq(243), thus raising doubts about the sections talking of the US's intentions in Iraq and hence, the
reasons why Iraq's reconstruction was carried out in such haste.
D. CONCLUSION
The author's main claim of Iraq being a competitive authoritarian regime is justified with ample
evidence. The author also talks about the reasons which led to the transformation of Iraq into
competitive authoritarianism. However, the author does not provide a very persuasive argument for
his sub–claim about the intent with which the US invaded

John J. Mearsheimer Summary
John J. Mearsheimer is the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science
and the co–director of the Program on International Security Policy at the University of Chicago,
where he has taught since 1982. He graduated from West Point in 1970 and then served five years as
an officer in the U.S. Air Force. He then started graduate school in political science at Cornell
University in 1975. He received his Ph.D. in 1980. He spent the 1979–1980 academic year as a
research fellow at the Brookings Institution, and was a post–doctoral fellow at Harvard University's
Center for International Affairs from 1980 to 1982. During the 1998–1999 academic year, he was
the Whitney H. Shepardson Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, Professor Mearsheimer has won a number of teaching awards. He received the Clark Award
for Distinguished Teaching when he was a graduate student at Cornell in 1977, and he won the
Quantrell Award for Distinguished Teaching at the University of Chicago in 1985. In addition, he
was selected as a Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar for the 1993–1994 academic year. In that
capacity, he gave a series of talks at eight colleges and universities. In 2003, he was elected to the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
About the article
An unnecessary war is a critique of the possibility of war with Iraq. Mearsheimer calls Saddam
Hussein cruel yet can be easily dissuaded. The author predicted then that if the United States is to
invade Iraq, it will be because Iraq fails to comply with the United Nation inspection to the
administrations liking. According to the author, the real reason the United States will invade Iraq is
to topple Saddam Hussein because they believe that he is not dissuaded and that he may use WMDs.
Advocates of the war acknowledge that the mission may take too long and become costly but a
nuclear Iraq under Saddam Hussein is not acceptable. The notion that deterrence would not work
and that Saddam Hussein should not

The Iraq War
In his 1988 Republican National Convention acceptance speech former U.S. President George H.W.
Bush proclaimed that, "Weakness and ambivalence lead to war.". For better or worse a state's ability
to influence world politics is primarily based on much power they have. In purely academic terms,
power is the ability of Actor A to get Actor B to do something that B would otherwise not do; the
ability to get the other side to make concessions and to avoid having to make concessions oneself
(Frieden P. A–6). Power is usually represented by the capability of a state to preserve or tip the
balance of power towards their own national interests. Balance of power refers to a situation in
which the military capabilities of two states or groups of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
With the 20/20 hindsight that is history, we can see three main areas of missteps that occurred
during the bargaining process, which if recognized could have prevented this war from occurring or
led to a better conclusion than at present. First it is easy to see there was incomplete information, a
situation in which parties in a strategic interaction lack information about other parties' interests
and/or capabilities (Frieden P. 96). The U.S. clearly lacked information on Iraq's non–existent
weapons program and thus overestimated their threat to the U.S. security. It could also be argued
that Iraq didn't think the U.S. and its allies would invade after the UN Security Council didn't give
its seal of approval. This lack of information was critical in the subsequent occupation of Iraq
following the invasion. Secondly, Vice President Dick Chaney felt that the U.S.–led forces would be
"greeted as liberators", but the war soon dragged into extended insurgency because the resolve of
the insurgents was underestimated. Resolve is the willingness of an actor to endure costs in order to
acquire some good. In the case of the Iraq War, insurgents were willing to resort to intense guerrilla
warfare and terrorism tactics to further their cause. Finally, the threats the U.S. made created what
Fearon would call audience costs; that is negative repercussions that arise in the

The Iraq War Analysis
In the days following September 11, 2001, Americans faced an onslaught of headlines designed to
generate fear and outrage regarding the terrorist group Al–Qaeda and Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein.
These fears were only heightened when President George W. Bush declared war on Iraq on March
20, 2003, with the intentions of "helping Iraqis achieve a united, stable, and free country" despite
the tyrannical rule imposed by Saddam Hussein ("George W. Bush: Announcement"). For the next
eight years, Americans lived in an era of anger and confusion regarding the intentions behind the
war that dramatically changed life in the United States. The Iraq War greatly affected American
domestic policies, causing conflict between the Executive and Legislative ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One relationship that was severely damaged was the U.S. ties to the United Nations. Before the war,
"only a small minority of Americans [were] ready to go to war with Iraq without UN Security
Council approval," something they never provided (Kull 569). The United States deliberately defied
the wishes of the United Nations in order to depose Saddam Hussein. The United States made its
intentions clear when the Bush Administration announced "that they would circumvent the UN if
necessary" to depose Saddam Hussein after being unsatisfied by Iraq's "12,000–page declaration of
its weapons program" that was produced in order to clarify the weapon capacity of the nation,
deeming it insufficient proof that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq (Weathers).
This angered many European nations save Britain, who initially supported the US in its endeavors.
Ironically, the U.S. defied the UN to enforce UN resolutions regarding the harboring of weapons of
mass destruction that were put in place following the Gulf War and proposals put into effect
regarding weapons inspection programs in Iraq. By doing so, however, the U.S. "denigrat[ed] it as
irrelevant and belittl[ed] its role in reconstruction efforts after the war" (Thakur 3298). Because of
the United States' actions, a precedent was set in which any

Defining Kurdish Nationalism In The United States
Defining Kurdish Nationalism There is a grave complexity in defining Kurdish nationalism as it has
developed into modern Middle Eastern countries. Calculating to a population of over 25 million,
they are the largest minority in the world to not have their own state. Their nationalist movement
has remained resilient in three pivot countries: Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. Kurds have been active in the
country of Syria as well, since the 1980's. Kurdish diaspora has existed in western Europe where
long–distance nationalism has been promoted. In the strife for human rights, the Kurds have
suffered as any other people would in the Middle East. They have faced massacre, poison gas, mass
deportation, and linguistic discrimination. The three states that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They endure near daily causalities and recently Ankara has undertaken a bifurcated anti–terror
program against the PKK and the IS. Frequent attacks in Turkey by the IS and the PKK has driven
Turkey to kill 260 Kurdish militants as of August 1, 2015. The reasoning for these death tolls within
a week–long air raid in northern Iraq is due to nine civilian causalities in Turkey and Iraq. "For the
peace and security of our people, the fight against terror organi[z]ations will continue without
interruption," as stated by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu. The PKK's rebellion for rights and
power for Turkey's Kurdish minority has been ongoing for the past thirty years and has left tens of
thousands dead. Though a ceasefire was issued in 2013, Turkey's Kurdish militants have sought
refuge in northern Iraq where the PKK has been tolerated and continue to dodge such attacks. The
PKK has been instructed to terminate fire in populated areas. Turkey's president Erdogan hopes to
shut down this "fascist" organization by the end of the year. Turkey's and Iraq's goals are to see the
Kurds and their parties purged from their

Rational Actor Model Essay
Though several models provide a way to analyze America's decision to invade Iraq and overthrow
Saddam Hussein in 2003, only one model sufficiently explains the decision. The Rational Actor
Model only evaluates the nation's actions as one entity and does not look at any of the
organizational or individual behaviors that contributed to the decision. On the other hand, the
Organizational Behavior Model explores the processes that supported the war's justification and
developed the military's recommendation, but does not explain why the administration chose to
focus on Iraq. Only the Governmental Politics Model explains the focus on Iraq by looking at the
actors within the administration who framed Hussein's regime as the problem and worked to build
consensus in support of military action. While all three models provide some meaningful analysis of
different aspects of the decision, the Government Politics Model is the one that best explains why
the administration focused on attacking Iraq. To begin with, the Rational Actor Model provides a
very simplistic framework to analyze America's decision to invade Iraq. It views the state as a
unitary actor that makes decisions based on rational calculations of costs versus benefits, while
ignoring the inner workings of the government or the actions of individuals within it. Applying the
Rational Actor model to the 2003 invasion of Iraq may imply that the United States acted rationally.
The administration believed that

The Decision To Go To War With Iraq
The decision to go to war with Iraq
1. Which decision making shortcuts or biases can you observe in this case? Explain your answer.
More than thirteen years ago, United States–led coalition boomed and invaded Iraq and overthrow
the regime of President Saddam Hussein. This essay will analyze the decision to go to war with Iraq
of Bush Administration indicates the selective perception shortcut in making judgment and some
biases namely confirmation bias, overconfidence bias and hindsight bias.
First of all, Bush Administration appear to have engaged in selective perception shortcut in making
judgment as they prepared for war against Iraq replying on intelligence reports that claimed Saddam
Hussein had WMD and posed an imminent danger to the United States. Of course the United States
had been unable to find evidence for this even before the war. Although the resolution did not
receive approval because of lacking evidences and was the world opposition, US President George
W. Bush and his Administration launched the invasion of Iraq War based on his allegations.
Obviously, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After years, the US must withdrawal troops from Iraq, but leaving behind is a shattered and
exhausted country with no longer a war land but peace has not seen. The overthrow of Saddam
Hussein was not only destroyed the regime, but also destroyed the internal security and order. It has
been promoted the rise of the forces of al–Qaeda terrorists and the sparking an outbreak of conflict
ethnic conflicts, sectarian. The Bush Administration rested its public case for war against Iraq on
two putative threats – Iraq's possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and Iraq's ties to al–
Qaeda. In hindsight, the Bush Administration should have planned much better such as strategy of
exiting, released convincing evidences about Iraq's possession of WMDs, whether Iraq was
connected to the 9/11 terrorist attacks or maybe, ultimately stayed out of the

A Journey Comparative Book ' A New Dawn Has Broken '
A Journey Comparative Book Essay
"A new dawn has broken, has it not?" Tony Blair states as the day began of his 1997 General
Election Victory. Tony Blair ended two decades of Conservative Party rule campaigning for New
Labour. A Journey by Tony Blair accounts for his time as Labour leader and Prime Minister of Great
Britain. As Tony Blair states in the introduction of the book, his biography is not a memoir. It is
instead Blair 's personal reflection of history occurring around his surroundings during his term.
Tony Blair is depicted here as not only a politician, but as a family man, explaining some events not
occurring in his political life, but greatly affecting it in some way. Tony Blair's first hand account
during his time as Prime ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Following the funeral, the Queen informs Blair that lessons must be learned from the way things are
handled. Tony Blair interactions with the Queen are not always politically, very often, they are
social, thus improving the view of the head of government and strengthening the belief of the
"Constitution of the Crown". Another crucial moment of his prime ministership was his role during
the Northern Ireland PEace Agreement. Blair recalls his childhood vacations in Ireland, where his
mother and grandmother will tell him stories, even advising against marrying a Catholic. This was
all due to the Religious Cleavages. The IRA also began to try bombing Britain out of Northern
Ireland. The Northern Ireland Peace Agreement devolved the legislative powers of the Westminister
to the Northern Ireland Executive. Though this treaty was extremely beneficial, the passing of this
treaty involved, "a certain amount of creative ambiguity" and there were often some stretching of
the truth. Tony Blair's execution of politics isn't necessarily politically correct. HOwever, he always
completes his tasks and this 'deceit ' of his tends to greatly increase legitimacy among the United
Kingdom. Many of Blair's crucial moments in his prime ministership helped improve his image
amongst the media, whereas some events did not. Tony Blair's was very active on the international
stage. Even to opposing parties, Blair was

U.s. Unilateralism And Military Intervention Throughout...
This study of global politics will define the American Realism as a theoretical international relations
approach to the problem of U.S. unilateralism and military intervention throughout the world. An
exanimation of the post–9/11 era of the Bush Doctrine will define the premise of "realism" as a
valid international relations theory that defines the unilateral invasion of Iraq in 2003. This aspect of
the Bush Administrations use of military intervention in the 2000s has continued to expand under
the Obama Administration. The theory of realism is based on the premise of "self–reliance", self–
interest, and a fear–based form of aggressive policies that have been implemented in unilateral
American wars. Realism can provide a foundation for the motivations of the American government
to act without global cooperation or diplomacy with other nations, especially due to the massive
economic and military power that it wields as the "world's policeman." These factors define he
conflict–based politics of American military intervention and the unilateral polices that it continues
to utilize on a global scale. In essence, an examination of the theory of "realism" in an international
relations perspective will define the increasingly problematic American policies of military
intervention and unilateralist policies on global politics. The theory of realism in international
relations is a powerful tool for understanding the various aspects of American unilateralism and
military

Levels Of Analysis In The Iraq War
The IR textbook outlines three fundamental levels of analysis: The individual, the state, and global
system. These levels of analysis help people understand how world politics work. Beginning at the
most narrow level of analysis, the individual level is when the focus is on specific policy makers
and leaders of countries. At the individual level, the personalities of specific people are emphasized
as well as their decisions. Barack Obama and his decisions would be a satisfactory example of a
leader considered to be in the first level of analysis. Continuing onto the second level of analysis,
the state is when the focus is placed on the characteristics of a society or country. In the second level
of analysis the way a certain country acts is critical, such as power disputes inside the country. The
culture of a country is a proficient example as well, almost every country has a different culture. In
addition to the first two levels, the third level is the most extensive; the global system or
international level is when the focus is directed toward the interactions between countries and
players of world politics. The balance of power between countries is a major example, The U.S.
always tries to stay on top in regards to power. Using ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Saddam Hussein was not afraid to threaten others with his WMD (weapons of mass destruction);
however, Saddam did not have WMD at the time. The scientists that worked for Saddam told him
that they were working on the WMD, but he did not actually possess any at the time. Saddam
Hussein would kill anyone who questioned the program or said there were any problems. Bluffing
about the WMD even until the brink of invasion may have been one of the explanations for the war.
Another example could also be that U.S. president George W. Bush could've been attempting to seek
revenge for the attempted assassination on his dad, former president George H.

Gordon Ramsey Essay
A controversial and polemic matter has been debated worldwide concerning the United States'
declaration of war on Iraq in March, 2003. The United States claims they invaded Iraq in order to
fight terrorism and capture Iraq's president Saddam Hussein. They were to search for weapons of
mass destruction that could lead to future attacks, besides other minor matters. However, many
politicians and people who comprehend about politics over the world believe that the United States
of America invaded Iraq in order to take this Middle Eastern country's oil for itself. The meme
above was created having this in mind. With the picture of the British chef Gordon Ramsey
apparently scolding someone, the meme states that "You used so much oil the United ... Show more
The absurdity method joins two concepts with no logical connection that when together causes
humor. In the meme above, those two concepts would be politics and cooking. By joining those
concepts, the meme creates a pun with the word oil. (One is supposed to think about crude oil
instead of vegetable oil for cooking). Although the absurdity method is the main type of humor
expressed, the meme also uses a hyperbole method since the statement is clearly over–exaggerated.
There obviously has to exist a much more convincing and substantial reason for a country to invade
another

The Formation and Actions of the Free Officers movement...
In the wake of the second World War a new military coup was being swiftly formed in Egypt by a
group of junior officers. It was called the Free Officers movement. Soon after its formation Gamal
'Abd al–Nasser as a result of a populist movement became their leader. According to the group they
launched this movement "to put an end to that corruption, ineptitude and treason" (The modern
middle east p.238) that was very apparent in the wake of the war and colonialism. As the military
offices began to take control they had the tough task of having to weaken the grasp of the social elite
on the rest of the population. The effects of the elite were largely seen by their actions in parliament.
This was easily seen as the large landowners who are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nasser's influence wasn't solely in Egypt, after the success with land reform other countries in the
region begin to implement similar land reform laws allowing a middle class to emerge and greatly
improving the lives of many working class wage laborers who were previously repressed.
Egypt in the 1950s and 1960s was the leader of the Arab world and under the control of Nasser they
set out to solve many of the issues of colonialism. Another prominent issue at the time was there
was very little infrastructure in Egypt and the infrastructure they had exists mostly to push
agricultural commodities to market. Other forms of infrastructure were also lacking. For example,
Egypt didn't have a large school system until the 1950s. There was also economic imbalances, one
of which has to do with a small upper–class of ruling elite, the other having to do with how foreign
interests capture large sectors of the economy; not a lot of industrial development, and then state–
led industrial development. Land is not equitably distributed; there was a lack of an independent
army outside of British control; and the country was misrepresented within politics because of the
British involvement. Among the newly forming nation states we see Arab countries like Egypt
starting to confront these issues and impart emerge as an independent nation state. That is absolute
autonomy and sovereignty over their territory. During this time there were two main

Iran-Iraq War Essay
Iran–Iraq War
The eight year Iran–Iraq War was, by the standards of international conflicts, a very long one. It
lasted longer than both World War I and World War II. In this conflict, the two most powerful states
in the Persian Gulf, Iran and Iraq, who were the world's largest producers of petroleum, were locked
in mortal combat and appeared intent on destroying each other. The war began when Iraq invaded
Iran, simultaneously launching an invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on September 1980
and ended with a United Nations brokered ceasefire in 1988. The causes of the war are deeply
rooted in the ideology and ambitions of the leaders of the countries to gain and maintain control
over internal and regional politics, as well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, what had formerly been the Imperial Iranian military was greatly despoiled, with much
of the officer corps fleeing the Islamic Revolution. Also radical Marxists were still battling the
religious fundamentalists in part of the country. Because of all of the above factors, Iraq had a
uniquely promising chance to strike a devastating blow at its eastern neighbor, establishing Saddam
as the pre–eminent leader in the Persian Gulf region and perhaps so discrediting the new Iranian
government as to bring about its ultimate downfall. Saddam also wanted to put an end to religious
propaganda directed against Iraq's secular regime by the Islamic government of Iran, which had
come to power in 1979 under Khomeini. Khomeini, and during the Iranian Revolution, and most
Iranian Muslims belonged to the Shiite sect of Islam. Hussein feared that the propaganda would
undermine the loyalty of Iraqi Shiites, who comprised about 60 percent of his country's population.
On March 1980, Saddam received a pretext to engage in war when an assassination attempt was
made on Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz, by Iranian–backed rebel group Al Dawaa, followed by
the bombing on the funeral procession. Saddam blamed the Iranians and attacked in September.
Before declaring war Saddam, in a statement addressed to the Iraqi parliament, on 17 September,
stated that "The

Sectarian Issues In Iraq
Sectarian identities did not have much power within the political elite in the early part of the 20th
century in Iraq. Those whose affiliations lay strongly towards the political zeitgeist did not see much
significance in sectarian identities. Nonetheless, this is not to say that sectarian issues did not exist
at all. In the latter 50 years of the 20th century, marginalization took place in Iraq, especially those
whose lives were heavily intertwined within the religious and social aspects of Sunnism. The Shia
Iraqi grew towards authoritarianism, much in the same way that they sought to create a
homogenized Iraqi state (Joffe). Before 2003, Sunni Muslims in Iraq were not a recognized identity
with any meaningful structure worthy to be mentioned. In essence, they had no place in government,
neither did they have any say in structures that dealt with religion, as well as social aspects. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, the bone of contention in all this was that Sunnis never viewed themselves as a sect, but Shias
had a differentiated opinion of them, viewing them as a sect, both in identity and in expression
(Joffe). Thus, the Shias felt more coerced towards their identity much more than the Sunnis were. In
addition, characteristics of sectarianism, which include leaders and symbols, as well as rituals,
together with myths found no footing in Sunnism, but were present in plenty among the Shias. Thus,
the effort to take control of secularism, which was christened anti–sectarianism, did not bear an
intention of equal censor amongst both Sunnis , as well as Shias

A Third World Country Report of Iraq Essay
CHALLENGE OF THIRD WORLD DEVELOPMENT
A Third World Country Report of Iraq
Name
Dr. Rasool Nafisi
Sociology 300
A term paper presented to the General Studies Department
Strayer University Online in partial fulfillment for the completion of Sociology 300
General Studies Department (Sociology)
Strayer University Online
August 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Dependency and Modernization Theories............................................................ 4
Religion and Politics............................................................................................................ 5
Democracy and Dictatorship............................................................................... 6
Ethnic– Cultural Divisions....................................................................................7
Women and Development................................................................................................... 8
Global Issues............................................................................................................ 9 ... Show more
The Shi'a and Sunni are the two main Muslim sects in Iraq, with about 80 to 90 percent being Shi'a.

Religion and politics are so closely amalgamated in Iraq that the influence of religious sect leaders
will directly affect political policies. The Shi'a sect is so influential in Iraqi politics that in 2010 it
was four seats short of garnering and completing an absolute majority rule within the Iraqi
Parliament, under the party name Iraqi National Alliance, which is a combination of Iraq's two most
powerful Shi'a groups.
Democracy and Dictatorship In the most basic sense, democracy can be defined as a system
dominated by elections. Handelman states that democracy can be defined as, "... a political system
that holds fair, contested elections on a regular basis, with universal adult suffrage." (Handelman, p.
30). Additionally, Handleman offers up another, more thorough, definition of democracy that fully
explains the intricacies of the ideology. Handelman expresses, ...It is a political system that
conforms to the following conditions: most of the country's leading government officials are elected,
there is universal or near universal suffrage; elections are largely free of fraud and outside
manipulation; opposition–party candidates have a realistic chance of being elected to important
national offices; and civil liberties–– including minority rights–are

Security of Pipelines in Eurasia Essay
Introduction The geopolitics in Eurasia along with the implications of energy security as well as the
risks and opportunities it creates for the U.S. is understood when the layers of conflict and
negotiations are analyzed through the various topics that affect international policies. Through the
concepts based on energy, politics, security pipelines in Eurasia, international transit integration, and
the energy world order, can the conceptual argument be made that natural resources are temporary
allocations and not solutions to energy or security. The research and material covered through The
Politics of Energy Security as a course, exposes and substantiates why the geopolitics in Eurasia are
only business opportunities and offer no final ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S. has established military bases that are positioned closed to areas with resources, such as oil
fields. Additionally, the occupation of Afghanistan is another strategy in energy security, where the
U.S. felt threatened and has established military bases. It is ideally situated in the Middle East, and
it is bordering many neighboring populations that serve the interests of the American global quests
for energy security within the context of geopolitical, economic, and environmental challenges that
it has been debating since the 1970's oil crisis (Pascual, & Elkind, 2010, p.1). Areas of interest next
to Iraq are Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Iran. Additionally, Afghanistan borders Iran and Pakistan. These
areas of conflict and political conversation make the move of the U.S. an opportunity to expand
their energy security. These governments cannot find the strength to keep order in their regions;
thus, the U.S. gains from their chaos or it may have negative implications as these regions may grow
tired of the U.S. intervening in their once sovereign lands. The approach to uncovering the evidence
of geopolitics in Eurasia in regards to energy and security includes the effects of western influence
on communication through negations. These actions take place as a result of energy trends,
international politics, and how they are interconnected through energy uses that affect the structure
of international systems, which are some of the "theoretical and empirical

The League Of Nations Was Formed After The First World War
League of Nations was formed after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving
international disputes. The league of Nation failed, as it lacked the political weight and the
legitimacy to
carry out tasks. United States and several other countries did not join it because they did not see any
personal benefit. The failure led to the outbreak of the Second World War (Mingst and Arreguin 38).
It
depicts typical human nature that is primary fearful, selfish, and power seeking. Individuals are
organized in states, each of which acts in a unitary way in pursuit of its own national interest,
defined in
terms of power. Power, in turn, is primarily thought of in terms of the material resource necessary to
physically harm other states (Mingst and Arreguin 79). Under the anarchy system, states can rely
only
on themselves to increase power. This can be achieved by two logical pathways that are war or
balance
(dividing the power of real or potential rivals by means of alliance politics or economic sanctions, or
multiplying their own power by raising armies, manufacturing fearsome weaponry) (Mingst and
Arreguin 80).
United Nations was formed in 1945 to ensure the rights of individual are respected,
through national human rights protection systems. Currently 192 countries are members of the
United Nation. Post World War II, the United Nations has become a representation of peace, and

balance of power across the nations. Even after the formation of the

The Moral Implications Of The Us Invaded Iraq
Carl Von Clausewitz was a Prussian Military Theorist in the early eighteen hundred`s who focused
on the moral implications of war. He once said "War is the mere continuation of politics by other
means", a statement that has become all too relevant in the twenty–first century. This paper will
serve to analyze why the US invaded Iraq in 2003, discussing the underlying agenda of the Bush
administration at the time compared to what information was given to the public. First, evaluating
how the Bush administration used propaganda to vilify the Iraqi regime as terrorists and convince
the US public that invading Iraq was clearly for pre–emptive self–defense. This section shows how
the US government at the time framed the Iraq war as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"the success of "Bush's PR War" . . . was largely dependent on a compliant press that uncritically
repeated almost every fraudulent administration claim about the threat posed to America by Saddam
Hussein" (Altheide & Grimes 2005: 1420). Any politician or news source that tried to provide other
information on the matter stating that these claims were not necessarily true fell on deaf ears.
"Counterclaims by others, including U.S. senators, were dismissed by the White House and received
little press or broadcast attention" (Altheide & Grimes 2005: 1420). The power of patriotism proved
to be very powerful at convincing the public, such that, anyone who tried to claim going to war with
Iraq was unjust and unfounded was regarded as unpatriotic by their fellow Americans and cast aside
along with their opinions. Claiming that Saddam Hussein and the Iraqi regime were terrorists
themselves helped the US government convince its people that Invading Iraq was justified; while
labeling the Iraq regime as terrorists dehumanized them and made it easier for the US publics fears
to be directed as anger and hate. This fear derived hate from the American populous, which was
further propelled by mass media aided in greenlighting the invasion of Iraq even when there was no
decisive evidence supporting the claims that the Bush

The War Of The Gulf War
Gulf War
The Persian Gulf War was held August 2,1990–February 28,1991.It is called Gulf War which was
waged by a UN authorized coalition force from 34 nations.USA led the coalition against Iraq for
continuation of the state of Kuwait.It is called the mother of all battles by Saddam Hussein.Its
military name is Operation Desert Storm.It is also known as the 1st Gulf War,Gulf War1 or the Iraq
War before the term became identified with the 2003 Iraq War.
Origins
Throughout the cold war Iraq had been ally under Soviet Union.The main concentration of USA was
against this position of Soviet–Iraq relationship.Even the US was concerned with Iraq 's position on
Israeli–Palestinian politics and its disapproval of the nature of the peace between Israel and
Egypt.The US also disliked Iraqi support for many Arab and Palestinian militant groups such as Abu
Nidal,which led to its inclusion on the developing US list of state sponsors of terrorism on 29th
December 1980,which is called Iran–Iraq war.Finally Iran was successful to the war line then US
increased its support for Iraq to prevent Iran for forcing a surrender.Then US bid to open full
diplomatic relations with Iraq,the country was removed from the US list of state sponsor
terrorism.In August 1988 the ceasefire with Iran was signed when Iraq was bankrupt with most of
its debt owed to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.So Iraq pressured both nations to forgive the debts,but
they refused.Iraq also accused Kuwait of exceeding its OPEC quotas and

Explain Why A Military Attack Against Iraq
1. From a realist perspective explain why a military attack against Iraq at this time would be a
mistake. Explain why the logic of realism has helped you come to this conclusion.
From a realist point of view invading Iraq would be shaking the balance of power in the middle east
and possibly destabilizing the entire region.
Iraq would not surrender easily as they would become unified and look for way to resist the
aggressor. Other states not wanting for the balance in the middle east to be disrupted may also look
to unite or look for ways to help Iraq and thwart the US.
The real trouble comes once the US defeats Iraq and must control, rebuild and spread democracy to
the country. Realist don't believe in moralism and spreading democracy

Summary Of America In The 2000s
In 2000s, the 9.11 attacks triggered the Iraq War because of the suspicion of massive destructive
weapons; and, America employed an overwhelming military force to defeat Iraq. After the war, an
international opinion poll indicated the declining popularity of the US and skyrocketing the anti–
American sentiment among Middle East countries and Islamic regions since the policy conducted
aftermath in Iraq was consolidated by America's devastating hard power. Additionally, terrorism
campaign derived from anti–American sentiment and its damage were making the US weaken. It is
possible to say that 2000s was significantly the era of antipathy against the American military force;
hence, the US compelled to reconsider their aggressive policy in world politics. On such world ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nye elaborates the three distinct sources of soft power: culture, political values and foreign policies;
and also hypothesizes the limitation of soft power. Moreover, he interprets the altering role of
military power and an interaction between hard and soft power. The confronting situation he
mentioned that a balance between military and soft power is playing an important role is terrorism
reinforced by global information age. Finally, he classifies today's power in an international
information era into three aspects: military power, economic power and soft power; and again he
maintains the growing existence of soft power. He presumes that America will be no longer the
great nation, and Asia will take place. Also, non–government institutions and groups will possess
their own borderless soft power; therefore, political game in near future will depend on multiple
routes of communication that define problems and diffused cultures and ideas which relate to global
prevailing

Ted Kennedy A Political Analysis

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Lisa Collier

More from Lisa Collier (12)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Ted Kennedy A Political Analysis