Reaction Paper On Phobias

Reaction Paper On Phobias
One of the most common disorders suffering individuals in contemporary societies is the phobic
disorder. Etymologically, the word phobia is the English equivalent of the Greek word "φοβία",
which means morbid, unreasonable, compulsive, and agonizing fear (Greek Language). The first
noticed occurrence of a phobia happened approximately in the fourth century B.C., and was made
known to us by Hippocrates, in his work The Seventh Book of Epidemics. However, the specific
term "phobia" was not used until half a century later, when it was incorporated by the Roman
doctor, Celsus, in the word hydrophobia. (The History of Phobias, 2012)The ancient origins of this
word reveal that phobic disorders were first established many centuries ago. In Psychology, ... Show
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Brain Chemistry
This model attributes specific phobias to abnormalities in the areas of the brain that are related to
fear and anxiety. In particular, it is said that specific phobias stem from increased responsiveness to
fearful stimuli, of fear and stress– associated areas of the brain, such as the sympathetic nervous
system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) (David Sue, 2013).
The SNS is responsible for triggering fear responses and preparing the human body to face
threatening situations. The amygdala and the hypothalamus of the brain belong to the SNS. The
PNS is the system which returns the body to its normal, relaxed state after exposure to the threat has
ceased. More specifically, once an individual comes into contact with a fearful stimulus, the
amygdala is activated and in turn activates the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus activates the rest of
the SNS with the objective of preparing the body to face the stimulus. A signal is sent by the
hypothalamus to the adrenal glands which release epinephrine in the bloodstream. The epinephrine
brings upon physiological changes , increasing the alertness of the brain and the energy levels of all
body parts. If the brain continues to perceive the stimulus as dangerous, the hypothalamus releases
corticotropin–releasing hormone (CRH), which triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH). ACTH prompts the adrenal glands to release cortisol, which aids the body in remaining
alert. Once the individual
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Dangers And Dangers Of Phobias
There are many obstacles to be faced in the world we live in today. Do you realize though that many
of these so called "obstacles", whether they be big or small, are merely fears that have escalated in
status in our subconscious? As humans most of us live a very structured, nearly robotic, day to day
life. We wake up in the morning, we got to school, work, or other hobbies, then we come home, go
to bed, and if we are lucky, we do it all over again the next day.
Sometimes though, throughout our tedious lives we are interrupted by those pesky obstacles that I
mentioned before. Interestingly enough, some of these obstacles can be describe as phobias. A
phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation. These phobias can range
dramatically from simply distracting to life altering.
Luckily most of us suffer from seemingly less harmful phobias that may not trigger an emotional
outpour every day of our lives. Due to the unlikeliness of confrontation some people are able to live
their lives avoiding phobias they might have procured. For example, a more common phobia known
would be Coulrophobia, the fear of clowns. Although you may be completely terrified of clowns,
you do not wake up every morning knowing you have to face one. You do however have to draw
comprise whenever carnival time comes around. Even though you may completely adore the
amenities of a festival you steer clear of the park to avoid any clowns, sacrificing amusement to
bypass fear.

Persuasive Speech About Phobias
Have you ever thought about how weird a lot of phobias can be? Ones such as being afraid of cats,
afraid of going anywhere near stairs, afraid of the world ending and constantly living in a state of
fear or being scared of fake superstitions like Friday the 13th? Imagine what life must be like for
those kinds of people.
Even then, what about normal, more common ones like the fear of heights or the fear of incredibly
sharp objects, fear of snakes, spiders, failure or being stuck in tight spaces? In what way can these
weird or common phobias affect people's lives around the world? There's literally over hundreds of
hundreds of phobias so we gotta keep it short.
If someone has something like Alektorophobia (the fear of chickens) you'll have to be avoiding
these things at all costs, just normal old feathered clucking chickens somehow cause major spikes in
fear, better stay away from farms then.
Another weird thing would be the fear of dogs, I've never actually seen someone with a fear of dogs,
but I can imagine it's probably one of the worst things to have ever, especially considering how the
Valley has so so so many stray dogs walking around, you're gonna have to really try your hardest to
avoid them.
A common one that's also incredibly strange is a fear of holes, not just any old regular holes though,
it has to be a weird cluster of holes that are apparently really unnerving and creepy. Despite just
being a bunch of holes that are harmless, I'll find people with huge

Classical Conditioning Phobias
Many people have severe phobias and report feelings of anxiety and panic when confronted with
these fears. Learning principles may help explain why this anxiety may provide possible solutions.
Some with phobias, report a shortness of breath and a racing heartbeat when confronted with their
fear. One reaction may be a girl who was bitten by a men stray dog. This girl, let's call her Sally,
now cries or cowers behind something whenever a dog is near. Using classical conditioning we can
see how this happened, why she feels this way, and possible look at a way to end this fear once and
for all. Now let's roll through the classical conditioning model. Starting with the UCS
(Unconditioned Stimulus) this is when Sally gets bitten by the dog. The UCS ... Show more content
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Sally is hysterical, the pain makes her scream as she tries to run away from the dog and hide. This is
a normal response for a child to have. This helps her remember that dogs are bad, in her mind she
feels this, she has been through and experience in which it has stamped itself into her brain. Now the
CS (Conditioned Stimulus) is the dog itself, or dogs in general. The sight of a dog or even a bark or
growl can set little Sally off in a crying or cowering manner. The dog, or dogs, become the
conditioned stimulus because it is the memory of the previous interaction. After it is all said and
done, the sight of the dog or dogs will set her off yes. She will feel panicked and have shortness of
breath., When you are in counter with your fears you tend to become tensed. You will have anxiety,
which creates an uptick in your heart rate, including a slight shortness in breath. Same thing when
people have panic attacks. When you're in counter with your fear you have nowhere else to run,
sometimes, and so this makes you feel shut inside a small cube, one that you cannot get out. So
Sally panics and she tried to run, she will cry at the sight of a dog or a slight sound of a bark. This is
known as the CR (Conditioned response) the CR is the same as the UCR. Sally will feel like this
everytime she sees or hears a dog, unless

The Common Types Of Phobias
ISLAMOPHOBIA
Phobias are a type of a phsycological disorder that occurs in humans, it has several types,
classifications and categories.As we all know, phobias are extreme types of fear, usually of
unreasonable proportions and of the most ordinary of things. Some phobias are considered to be
common phobias that can happen to people often. There are several common types of phobias such
as spider phobia, snake phobia, flying phobia germ phobia. We can almost understand why and how
a person could be afraid of heights or of crawling insects and spiders and other common types of
phobia, there some types of phobias that are considered to be uncommon, and it is a totally different
concept to become afraid, to an extreme degree, of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, they will most likely discriminate against people they perceive to be outsiders. Although
in group preference does not automatically require being hostile against the other people, in–group
preference and out group hostility are enhanced by external threats (Cashdan 2001). Since threats
are often known to arise from the outsiders it can be expected that disasters have the ability to
increase group loyalty. This paper will discuss a type of phobia which is Isalmaphobia and its effect.
ISLAMOPHOBIA Previous we said that phobias are fears that are extreme and unreasonable in
nature. When the term Islamophobia was first used in a 1991 Runnymede Trust Report, it was taken
to mean the "unfounded hostility towards Muslims, and therefore, fear or dislike of all or most
Muslims" (Center for Race & Gender n.d.). This was first used within the situation of Muslim
existence in the U.K. and Europe. However, we find in that hostility is the primary element for this
phobia and it appears to be bigger in weight over the actual fear itself. It is aimed at a group of
people foreign to one's own. Finally, Islamophobia is unique because its considered as unfounded
fear, there are some reasons that propose that Islamophobia has evolved into a racist phenomenon.
Justifications for Islamophobia
Based on the justifications above, we will attempt to explain why Islamophobia

Is A Phobia Is An Anxiety Disorder?
Spiders, snakes, clowns, heights, kidnappers, death, needles: everyone is scared of something. Why
are humans predisposed to fear the things we sometimes have to deal with in everyday life? A
phobia is an anxiety disorder. It can be defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which
a person goes to great lengths to avoid. Typically, the avoiding action is extremely disproportional to
the actual danger being posed, which explains why these fears are often recognized as "irrational."
In one case in particular, patients who receive chemotherapy treatments experience vomiting,
nausea, and/or other severe side effects; as a result, these patients begin feeling bilious long before
entering the office, simply knowing they will soon receive a treatment. So if the human brain
associates nausea with the doctor's office, why doesn't it associate a spider found in the bedroom
with an irrational fear of entering the bedroom? In a similar chemotherapy case, many patients who
eat a certain food before their treatment, would associate that food with the nauseous feelings of the
treatment. Later, the patient would no longer eat that food. Why did the patient's body fear the food
even though it had no relation to the chemotherapy nausea? These questions will soon be explored.
The easiest way to explain the patient's sickness prior to the treatment is due to their body
anticipating the sickness. The brain and the body both know that the chemotherapy is coming and so
anxiety

Essay on Phobias
Phobias
Fear is a normal and an important human reaction to something dangerous, it keeps one out of
danger, because fear is disliked and one tries ones best to avoid the object or situation of fear. It
causes physical changes known as fight–or–flight reaction, which causes blood pressure to increase
and the heart rate to speed up to pump blood to the large muscles used to run away, to balance this
the human body has sweat glands which produce perspiration to cool the body.
Usually young people experience more fear than adults do (Metcalf).
When one has a fear of something, one normally does not spend much time thinking about it, and it
only affects one when one is forced to confront it. Just about everyone is afraid of something, ...
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However, phobia can even cause people to risk their health. For example, the fear of dentists can
leave people suffering from it willing to risk the health of their teeth in order to avoid having to go
through an exam or procedure ( MacKay). When one knows about an upcoming confrontation, it
can be the reason why one can not sleep or finds it hard to focus on important tasks. Due the change
in daily routine, this unrealistic fear can interfere with the ability to socialize, work, or go about
everyday life, brought on by and object, event or situation. But even animals have anxieties and
phobias just as every human being (www.phobia–help.de). A phobia is an irrational fear, one knows
that the object or situation, one is scared off, can not hurt one, but one is still afraid. A reason for this
is that the human mind can not distinguish what is real and imaginary. When one has uncontrollable
anxiety attacks, he loses rational judgement, leading to complicated problems. However, anyone can
develop a phobia, men and women, teens and young adults, and elderly lady or a one–year–old boy
(MacKay). Thereby it is not completely clear, what the causes for phobia are. Phobia is often caused
by something scary that happened earlier in somebody's life, but not every one develop phobias
after special experiences. An explanation for this could be that for some people certain parts of the
brain and specific neural pathways are associated with phobias. It is

Sam Winchester's Clown Phobia
Sam Winchester's Clown Phobia Sam Winchester was raised to be what Supernatural refers to as a
hunter with the motto "saving people, hunting things, the family business". In other words,
Winchester hunts things of supernatural nature such as demons, rakshasas, and witches. He battles
these threats with no trepidation or hesitation. However, like Superman has a weakness, Winchester
has a phobia that has sometimes hindered his ability to hunt to the best of his ability. Winchester has
a phobia of clowns. Winchester's brother, Dean, has joked in the show that even the vision of
Ronald McDonald on the television triggers weeping. His irrational fear of clowns is manifested
into the character's behavior. This paper will cover comparisons of ... Show more content on
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Anxiety is an aroused emotional state distinguished by feelings of apprehension and bodily tension
present when no real danger is present ("Measuring stress and anxiety," 2011). Although used
synonymously in everyday life, they are not the same. Psychologists view stress as a larger construct
than anxiety; anxiety is the deleterious emotional reaction to stressors ("Measuring stress and
anxiety," 2011). Stress is a "pattern of physiological, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive" reactions
to stimuli that are perceived as a potential threat to our well–being ("Measuring stress and anxiety,"
2011). Responding to stress can manifest itself in somatic anxiety ("Measuring stress and anxiety,"
2011). This is seen in a neuroendocrine secretion, quick breathing, perspiration, rapid heart rate, and
more. Winchester should seek out Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for phobias are most
effectively understood and treated from a behavioral perspective (Cromer, 2010). In CBT, the
irrational fear and beliefs are identified and dissected in order to take away from of its power. The
main objective of CBT is to desensitize a person to the trepidation to edify how to identify, assuage,
and manage with anxious thoughts and feelings (Cromer, 2010). At times, therapy alone is not
sufficient so one would be prescribed medication and pair it with therapy to treat the phobia
(National Mental Health Information Center, 2005). Other than

Phobias And Its Effects On Phobias
A phobia is a phenomenon where an organism has a distinct fear of a particular event or object.
Phobias can not only be a biological instinct but rather a conditioned emotional response as well.
Though, there has been some argument on what causes phobia it is generally accepted that phobias
both stem from biological input and environmental experiences. The first reference to phobias was
done by Hippocrates, who wrote about one of his patients having an extreme fear over something
that others would deem to be silly. Around the 1890's phobias were described as a distinct mental
condition by Freud and his researchers. Freud the creator of psychoanalysis stated that phobias were
simply conflicts within oneself. Thus, to get rid of their phobia they would have to overcome a part
of himself. However, not everyone was willing to agree with Freud, things like behaviorism for
example, created a system known as conditioning and stimulus generalization to show that fear is
something created through particular behaviors with the use of avoidance. However, despite the
conflicting nonconscious/behavioral argument there is also a biological explanation to phobias.
When someone notices something that could possibly be a threat there are two types of pathways
that are used to decipher the situation/object. The first being thalamo–cortico–amygdala pathway.
This is a long process where with the use of primary sensory, unimodal association and polymodal
cortices is able to truly identify

Phobias In Evolutionary Psychology
Phobias in Evolutionary Psychology
[Biology]
Name: Chelsie Ramirez
Essay Category: Biology
Faculty Advisor: Monique Lopez
Grade Level: 8th
School Name: Eastmont Intermediate School
School Address: 400 N. Bradshawe Ave.
Montebello, CA 90640
School Phone: (323) 721– 5133
Essay Abstract
Robert H. Herndon Memorial Science Competition
The title of my paper is ''Phobias in Evolutionary Psychology.'' The purpose of my essay is to
answer the question of ''Why do I have this phobia?'' and ''Can I conquer and face my worst fears?'' I
explain what a phobia is in detail using psychology expert Kendra Cherry and Science Daily
newspaper as sources. My conclusions were not theoretical as they were all based on fact and
respectable research from reliable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
'' states behaviorism expert About.com. The science of the mind uses certain techniques to rid our
brains of the certain detestation we have. Kendra Cherry psychology expert states, ''Positive
reinforcement involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it
more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future.'' To put in simpler words if you get
rewarded for doing something compliant you will want to keep doing that one good thing over and
over again because it makes you pleased with yourself. You can use this to conquer your fear
because with the example of the dog, you can see a small dog in a pet shop window and look at it.
After you can treat yourself to something you love. This causes your brain and yourself to feel
delighted with the small step you took

Chapter 15 Phobias Analysis
Of the many disorders presented in chapter 15, I find phobias the most interesting. Phobias are more
than just a strong fear or dislike. A specific phobia is diagnosed when there is an uncontrollable,
irrational, intense desire to avoid some object or situation. There are numerous types of phobias. A
few common phobias are; agoraphobia, which is the avoidance of situations in which one will fear
having a panic attack, especially a situation in which it is difficult to get help, and from which it
difficult to escape. Social phobia, which refers to an intense fear of being watched and judged by
others. It is visible as a fear of public appearances in which embarrassment or humiliation is
possible, such as public speaking, eating, or performing.

Fear : Fear And Phobia
Fear and phobia, we all face one at some point in time though the question of what causes it or at the
least why we were we biologically inclined to have phobias and fear.Winerman, L. (2016). Lest we
forget we have nothing to fear but fear itself and look upon this inquiry of what fear is. Be it a scary
movie or something far more sinister, but what does it all mean? What causes you to fear? Well
Based on my research I conclude that fear is something that can be learned or inherited. Alongside
my personal interest in fear as I love to scare people on Halloween in the name of fun and as a
challenge, so what will we see when we mix this interest and this hypothesis together, shall we go
down the rabbit hole together?
Fire, clowns, murderous psychopaths, rabid dogs. All things that scare us, but why?. Well as a great
man known as Harry Truman once said, there is nothing to fear but fear itself but what is it? Well
first off fear is a mixture of environmental stimuli and innate primal reaction derived from are*
times as cavemen. Though over time we have grown complacent with our innate fears and have
even grown to love them, like pyromaniac and the people who enjoy being scared. These fine
examples are just the tips of the iceberg of this little quest. Let us begin with the basis of fear, fear as
mentioned in the last few sentence is a mixture of environmental stimuli and innate primal reactions.
This combination was used for the most part as a survival instinct, like to let us

The Treatment of Phobias Essay
Everyone in life has fears, it's a natural way our brains process certain objects or situations that may
be dangerous. Common fears may be heights or spiders; some would rationally go out of their way
to avoid these, but this is quite different from having a phobia. A phobia is an irrational distress with
a particular object or concept/idea. Although fears are well known now, they do not have to disrupt
the lives of those who are living them. Throughout the essay there will be three different treatments
with three different phobias in ways to cure a phobia; the first is a trauma–focused treatment
approach for travel phobia, assessment and treatment for childhood phobias, and hypnosis in
facilitating clinical treatment of injections. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When introduced to in vivo exposure the patients showed an increase of PTSD symptoms (Handley,
Salkovskis, & Ehlers, 2008). When performing the study 125 people received TF–CBT, and the
remaining 59 received 'EMDR + in vivo exposure'. In results there was a clear sign of reduction in
mild travel anxiety with up to 7.3 sessions. Although, there were found that one treatment would be
more beneficial than the other in terms of reduction of symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD.
Overall the signs of Travel Phobia and anxiety were reduced in both methods of treatments giving
the researchers plenty of evidence for being successful in a trauma–focused treatment plan.
The study case of children phobia is not like others present before it, this case suggests that that to
decrease a phobia is should be multi–method, multi–informant, and developmentally sensitive.
Another aspect that differs from others is that it will assess the home–living of children as well as
their caregivers. Their study examined predictors of treatment outcome for 106 phobic and anxious
youth (aged 6 to 17 years) and their parents. The treatment included trials such as: diagnostic
interviewing, fear survey schedules, anxiety questionnaires and behavioral observations. Taking
methods from the DSM–IV–C there are separate questionnaires for both parent and child on
different phobia types (animal, injection, and environment) on a scale from one to eight of
interference. In traditional

Informative Speech On Phobias
PURPOSE
At the end of my speech, the audience will learn the three causes of phobias.
INTRODUCTION
A psychological literature reported a 9–year–old Hispanic American boy who has the fear of
buttons. This problem results in the inability to dress himself and demonstrated poor performance in
school due to an excessive preoccupation with not touching his school uniform or touching anything
that his button touched. When he is at home, he avoided wearing clothes with buttons and prevents
himself from touching buttons that others wore. His fear of buttons begins when he accidently
dropped a bowl of buttons over himself when he was five years old.
Based on the book 'The Little Book of Phobias' by Joe Kohut, some of the top phobias commonly
seen are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
BODY OUTLINE
I. There are three causes of phobias
A. Phobias may be memories passed down genetically by ancestors
1. Memories can be transferred to one generation to another through gene transfers that allow
offspring to inherit the experience of their ancestors. The information is transferred biologically
through chemical changes that occur in the DNA. For example, the fear of arachnid like spiders,
ticks and mites and the defence mechanism develop from it may be inherited genetically.
2. Nature Neuroscience Journal published a research that shows a mouse trained to become scared
of cherry blossoms smell before they are allowed to breed, produce offspring that show the same
fearful response towards the cherry blossom although they only encounter it for the first time.
3. Dr Brian Dias from Emory University stated that their result enable them to understand how the
experience of their parents, before conceiving offspring can influence the structures and functions in
the nervous system of following generations
B. People can develop phobias from their past unpleasant

Speech On Phobias
An overwhelming and unreasonable fear for a situation, activity, person or an object that do not
actually poses a real danger can be called a phobia. In the event of exposure to such events, the
person imagines an exaggerating danger and develops an irrational anxiety trying to compel the
subject of fear completely. Most of the phobias do not greatly affect the people, some of them are
inane, weird, surprising but some are really terrifying. Cutting to the chase, here is the list of 25
most bizarre and unbearable phobias in the world. You will be glad you don't have them!
25. Venustraphobia– the fear of beautiful women:
Bah! Are they crazy? Who does't want a pretty woman? Indeed. It is weird, but this kinda phobia
exist. Men with this phobia ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This fear usually is caused by visualizing traumatic incidents, facing them or even thinking of facing
them. In the event, Optophobics develop severe stress and apprehension that can even lead to a full
blown panic attack.
23. Philophobia–fear of falling in love:
Philophobia is abnormal, persistent fear of being in or falling in love. This phobia is more persistent
in women than in men. People with philophobia tend to avoid emotional involvements and pushes
away all the romantic relationships. Oftentimes, this fear is due to the acrimonious events of past or
tragic love experiences which greatly affects the quality of life. Moreover, the most worst part of
trying to escape love is stop loving themselves and incline to live in solitude. It is believed that
Queen Elizabeth–I was a Philophobic.
22. Geliophobia– fear of laughter:
This is another bizarre and rare phobia. There exists some people in this world who are afraid of
laughter which is treated as a panacea for all mental ills. This is likely caused because of past bad
experiences where person was humiliated, or laughing at inappropriate times or even may be due to
genetic

Symptoms And Treatment Of Phobias
Fear is an aspect of life people deal with every day. Being afraid is part of what makes people
human. Fear that grows with adulthood or causes people to have different conduct is known as a
phobia. A phobia can elicit physical or emotional discomfort when it comes to the fear of an object
or situation that can be treated by therapy or medication in most cases, or untreatable in others.
There are four subtypes of specific phobias known as: blood injection injury, animal, situational,
and natural environment. Sometimes treatment of phobias can be difficult to determine because of
the wide range of phobias that exist. There has not been an adequate amount of research conducted
on phobias which makes it difficult to study or comprehend ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A research group stated "Specific phobia is one of the most prevalent disorders in the general
population and yet it has received limited attention from researchers in the growing field of
neuroscience" (Caseras et al., 2010). The need for understanding phobias is imperative for the
people who are suffering from the symptoms that challenge their daily life. One study has done
research on links between the phobias and neurobiological substrates. The authors state:
"Moreover the degree of provoked anxiety by phobia–relevant images was strongly associated with
activity in the dorsal ACC and the anterior insula in the SP phobics but not in the BII phobics. These
differences in blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) response could suggest the existence of
distinct neurobiological substrates associated with specific phobia subtypes, challenging the view of
specific phobia as a unitary entity" (Caseras et al., 2010).
This study may prove that there could be a cure to phobic reactions if they can find the cause of the
phobia. These studies of the dynamics of the brain could be revolutionary in the world of phobia
diagnosis and treatment of patients.
There are excessive amounts of phobias that have been medically determined. "About 4.4% percent
of the adult population in the USA has one or more phobias which will mostly persist for years and
become chronic; complete remissions without

Phobias and the Brain Essay
Phobias and the Brain
You are in an airport waiting for your plane to arrive. You've never flown before, and are more
terrified than you can ever remember being. Everyone has told you the supposedly comforting
statistics – "millions of planes take off each day and there's only a handful of crashes," "flying is
safer than driving." You know rationally that there is no reason to be so scared, but regardless your
heart is racing, your palms are sweating, and you're light–headed. Simply the thought of being up in
the air, out of control, makes you feel faint. Finally the flight attendant announces that your plane
has arrived. But as all the other passengers line up to get onboard, you grab your luggage and walk
straight out of the airport, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(3) Women are two to three times as likely to have phobias than men. There are three basic kinds of
phobias: agoraphobia (fear of situations in which escape may be difficult), social phobia, and
specific phobias. The DSM–IV has separated phobic stimuli into four basic categories: animal,
situational, blood injury, and nature–environment. (3)
Though the experience of phobias is relatively common and their physical characteristics are
generally well understood, there is no real consensus on the neurobiological basis of phobias.
Instead, there are currently several different models and theories that work to try to understand how
and why phobias occur in the human brain. Most hypotheses regarding phobias take a different
approach, from biological to psychoanalytic to evolutionary. Is there one model that seems "less
wrong" or more satisfying in our efforts to understand the biology of phobias? Using the various
models, how do phobias seem to come about? How does thinking about phobias add to our
understanding of the brain and behavior?
The classical conditioning model was one of the first theories used to describe phobias. Many years
ago, scientists observed that one could willingly elicit a fear response in an animal or human
through systematic teaching. For example, if every time a rat is presented with a low buzzing noise,
it is electrically shocked, eventually, when it hears the noise alone (with no shock), it will exhibit
symptoms of fear. (3) Scientists

Speech On Spider Phobias
One day, I watched the movie Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them with two friends. When the
snakes appeared, a friend immediately covered her eyes with her hand. Then there were many
butterflies in the movie. Another friend said, "Oh, my God, butterfly! Feifei, tell me after they fly
away!" What？Beautiful butterfly? I can understand some people fear of the snakes, but I am a little
surprised that some people are afraid for the butterflies or rainbow.
B. Audience Relevance: Probably you or your friends fear something such as spiders, mice,
airplanes, blood, dentists, or oceans. If it influences some people's work and life, they may have
phobias.
C. Credibility: My mum fear rainbow, and my friend scare butterfly. These are unusual cases, but
spider phobia is common. I am interesting in phobias especially spider phobia, and I want to explore
more information about this topic.
D. Thesis Statement: Spider phobia is a powerful, irrational fear of the spider, and it is one of the
most common fears. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Main Point Preview: First, I will explain what spider phobia is. Second, I will introduce some
treatments for spider phobia.
Ⅱ. Main Point 1: Spider phobia is a specific phobia, and it influences people's work and living. A.
According to the article written by E. Landau in 2010, for CNN. Many American have at least one
specific phobia, agoraphobia, or social phobia. More than 19 million American adults have a
specific phobia and that approximately 1.8 million American adults have agoraphobia, which
typically develops about age 20. In addition, about 15 million American adults are suffered from
social phobia. Phobias comes from a mixture of environmental and genetic factors. The article
written by J. Abdulmalik in 2017, for The Nigerian Tribune. Fear is a normal biological protective
mechanism. When people face a dangerous situation, the fear sets off an alarm bell in their heads.
Then, people can prepare their bodies to cope with the emergency

Phobias Essay
Phobias
Phobias are a very common disorder in the United States these days. The definition for phobia is
"an abnormal or morbid fear or aversion" ("Oxford" 655). To be considered
a phobia, a fear must cause great distress or interfere with a person&#8217;s life in a major
way. The word phobia is Greek, therefore, any word that proceeds it should be Greek too. To coin a
new phobia name, it is proper and only accepted to follow this rule. The rule has been broken many
times in the past, especially by the medical profession. The medical profession is steeped in Latin
and many times when forming a name for phobia, they use Latin.
There are three kinds of phobias: simple phobia, social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A tendency towards phobias, especially panic attacks, may run in families. Genes appear to play a
role in all cases of phobias. A person has three times the risk of developing a phobia if a close
relative suffers from one. (Wood 516). From the phsycodynamic perspective, people develop
phobias primarily as a defense against the anxiety they feel when sexual or aggressive impulses
threaten to break into consciousness. If the anxiety can be displaced onto a feared object and if that
object can be avoided, then there is less chance that the disturbing impulse will break through.
Phobias may be acquired through observational learning, as well. For example, children who hear
their parents talking about frightening experience with the dentist, with bugs or thunder storms may
develop similar fears themselves. Frightening experiences set the stage for phobias, yet not all
phobias recall the experience producing the phobia. For example, if a person was humiliated by
performing in front of others, they may develop a social phobia.
Social phobia is the third largest medical problem in the world. According to the National Institute
of Mental Health, (NIMH), social phobia is "a disorder characterized by overwhelming
anxiety and excessive self –consciousness in social situations." Social phobia is defined
"as people intensely afraid of any social or performance situation in

Short Speech On Phobias
About phobias Of course fear is sometims something that takes over our imaginations and suddenly
it seems that every little sound makes us jump. We can get over our fears and control them if we just
have the willpower. The problem of getting over fears occurs if we have a phobia or phobias. If you
look up the word phobias you'll find that in the Wikipedia is tells you that these are most commonly
the result of a "combination of external events and internal predispositions". External events are
something that might have traumatized you at some point and internal predispositions from heredity
or genetics.
Before I get into some of the strangest phobias people might have I have a common phobia
Acrophobia which is fear of heights. Mine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has some sub–categories like Spectrophobia – fear of specters, Phasmophobia – fear of ghosts,
Demonophobia (fear of demons), Bogyphobia (fear of bogeyman), Satanophobia (fear of Satan),
Stygiophobia or Hadephobia (fear of hell) and Wiccaphobia (fear of witches). People with this
phobia experience paranoia, panic attacks, nausea, sweating, mental breakdowns and a feeling of
being chased or persecuted by spirits. The phobia may be aggravated by horror stories or horror
movies. Well of course, you can avoid this outbreak by just not reading or watching anything related
to horror. I have to say that I am glad I don't have this phobia because I have a sixth sense and my
family has had many experiences with the world beyond. I love knowing about the supernatural but
I can imagine how someone might feel if they had this kind of phobia especially when this world
seems to be turning evil. Actually when I read about the symptoms of this phobia it brought a smile
to my face. Why? Because I was reminded of my favorite cartoon Scooby Doo and all those
characters constantly being chased by ghouls and demons. I do believe they were depicted as going
through some of these

Phobia Is An Irrational Fear
Phobia is a Greek word originated from Phobos which means fear. A phobia is an irrational fear of a
specific object, activity or situation that results in a compelling desire to avid the dreaded object,
activity or situation (1). Fear is sometimes a normal entity for example fear of sudden sight at snake
or wild animal etc. However the fear in case of phobia is quite irrational. Even the person who is
suffering from phobia of any kind understands that their phobia is rational, but still they are not able
to control their irrational fear at the sight of the object of their fear. Many phobias are developed by
peoples during their childhood, however certain individuals develop different sort of phobias during
their adult stage.
Phobias of every kind almost limit the productive life of an individual life upto a great extent. Even
just imagining in their mind the object of fear arose an anxiety in them. However when they are
actually exposed to the object of fear, the excessive fear and terror is automatic and overwhelming.
The phobias are prevalent in the general population. The prevalence of different phobias varies from
population to population or from country to country, which may be based upon various
environmental factors.
Phobia types
The types of phobia are generally; social phobia or social anxiety disorder, specific phobia and
agoraphobia. Some phobias are more prevalent as compared to others. The persons having social
anxiety disorder generally fear from being at the

How Phobias Affect People And How Can Overcome Their Phobia
Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will know how phobias affect people and how to
overcome their phobia.
I. Introduction
a. Imagine being so afraid of something that you try everything in your power to avoid it. For
example, someone who fears spiders is not going to walk that trail that leads into a wooded area and
you can almost guarantee that the person who isn't too fond of heights isn't going to walk across that
tall bridge. If you ask these people why they won't partake in these activates, they would probably
respond with "I don't want to" or "I'm afraid to". Sure most, if not all, of us are afraid of something.
I'm not thrilled to be standing up in front of everyone giving a speech, but here I stand.
b. If your fear prevents you from doing certain activates, then it isn't just a fear, it is actually a
phobia. In 2013, Patterson wrote that, "A phobia is described as a chronic and extreme fear of an
object or situation out of proportion to the danger actually presented by the feared "thing." (p. 58).
c. I find this description to be most accurate because I, at one point in my life, had a phobia. The
phobia I had is called coasterphobia and if the name isn't a dead giveaway, it is the fear of
rollercoasters. At that time, you could have offered me five hundred dollars to get on a rollercoaster
and I would have turned it down without hesitation. It wasn't until about three years ago that I
overcame my phobia and now I absolutely love roller coasters.
d.

What Is Specific Phobia
Specific Phobia
Introduction
In all cultures and across all times, anxiety and fear have been significant factors in the lives of
humans. We all are genetically programmed to become anxious about things that cause harm or
abandonment, but if we pair any thoughts, feelings, actions or sensations with a specific objects this
can cause anxiety. However not all people are experiencing anxiety in the same manner. In this
assignment we will look at what is irrational fears, what causes it, how does that affect the persons
life and how can he be helped to over come it. What is phobia?
Irrational fear that interfere with a person's life adjustments it is called phobia. Word and meaning
phobia came from Greek mythology: Phobos was a son of Aries, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Living with the specific phobia can be very distressful and it has an affect not just on personal life
but on family life too. The person with animal phobia will become distressed and constantly vigilant
around locations of animals and will put all power to avoid and to escape. This avoidance prevents
phobic person and his family from enjoying nature and exploring their environment. Fro example,
the parent with insect phobia would not let the child to play outside, would not open the windows
with fear of insects getting inside.
An individual with injury phobia will avoid visits to doctors, and even bringing his own child to
doctor visits. It will be very hard for an individual with blood phobia to deal with an injured child. A
parent with blood phobia will find difficulty in attending to injured child. Also, there will be a
possibility of parent fainting when he sees blood that will create significant distress for a child too.
The person who has natural environmental phobia will center all his thoughts on thunder, lightening
or strong winds, constantly check the radio and TV weather forecast. The child of parent with this
phobia would become very anxious around time of

Argumentative Essay On Phobias
Taking into consideration that all people are unique, we all have different phobias. A phobia is an
extreme or irrational fear of something. Many phobias are in relation to one another. For instance
the phobias agoraphobia, anthropophobia, and stenophobia. These three are related by the reason of
they can correspond with social situations. Agoraphobia is mainly the fear of crowds. It can also be
the fear of bridges or being outside. Anthropophobia is the fear of people and society. It is also
known as an extreme pathological form of shyness. The last phobia, stenophobia, is very rare. It is
the fear of narrow things or places. All phobias are important to understand. Being able to
understand a phobia means a person could help to possibly cure ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A phobia is an extreme or irrational fear of something. Many phobias are in relation to one another.
As people, we must realize that phobias cannot be fixed by ourselves. In order to help individuals
that we may encounter, we must completely understand phobias. We cannot judge them for
something they cannot help. To help an individual feel more at ease it is our job to know the causes,
effects, impacts, and treatments of their phobia. This would help to completely understand the
phobia and in the end, help us all to support each

Argumentative Speech On Phobias
Maddy: Welcome back guys! You are listening to Maddy in the Morning on Kiss 108. For those of
you that just tuned in, we are here today with Luan, a brilliant undergrad student from Salem State
University and he is going to talk to us about this new and upcoming research project that he is
conducting on phobias. PHOBIAS!!! WOOOO!!! Pretty spooky, right? And with Halloween just
around the corner, you couldn't have picked a better timing for it.
Luan: Haha I know, right!? It seemed like the perfect timing for it.
Maddy: So tell me about this project of yours; what is it exactly?
Luan: Well one of my courses required students to pick a topic that really interested them to write
about during the semester. It's going to be a pretty long project, so the topic was really important. I
wanted to write and explore about something that was intriguing yet feasible and phobias really hit
the sweet spot. Not to mention that I always have been fascinated by them...
Maddy: Yeah, it really is a great topic. Now I know that people link phobias with fear. Is that really
what a phobia is? Just fear?
Luan: A lot of people think that Maddy. But according to the American Psychology Association, all
phobias are anxiety disorders, lumped in the same class as post–traumatic stress disorder and panic
disorder, among others. And anxiety disorders are, fundamentally, based on fear. But this does not
mean that phobias equal fear.
Maddy: So does this mean that even though my mother in law scares me to

Research Paper On Phobia
INTRODUCTION
Everyone is afraid of something. These fears are all normal; lots of other people feel the same way
that you do. What do you fear more than anything else? Everyone is afraid of something like spiders
or heights, these fears are all normal. People who have a specific powerful fear suffer from a phobia.
A phobia is an intense fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. Mental health professionals
have identified hundreds of phobias. No one is certain what causes a phobia. People can sometimes
manage and even overcome them on their own. In other cases, they need to seek professional
treatment to deal with their phobias. This research includes the definition of phobia; also it will
describe the common types of phobia, it causes and signs.
Definition of phobia:
"A phobia is an exaggerated and irrational fear. The term 'phobia' is often used to refer to a fear of
one particular trigger. A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder that causes an individual to experience
extreme, irrational fear about a situation, living creature, place, or object. When a person has a
phobia, they will often shape their lives to avoid what they consider to be dangerous. The imagined
threat is greater than any actual threat posed by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A lot of people around as suffer form different types of phobia like social phobia, agoraphobia,
animal's phobia, situations phobia and others types as it was discussed in the main research. The
person who has phobia will experience some signs and symptoms and there are 2 types of signs the
emotional and the physical signs. The causes of phobia differ from a person to another; some people
suffer from phobia because of a family issues or bad experiences in their life. And finally, Phobias
are a serious problem but if the person knows how to deal with it and the signs to start the treatment
it won't be a problem in their

Frightened Children : Phobias And Childhood
Frightened Children: Phobias in Childhood Marissa Kohler PS–506: Lifespan Development Jennifer
Pedersen, Ph.D. October 22, 2014 Kaplan University Frightened Children: Phobias in Childhood
Introduction Phobias typically present themselves for the first time during childhood. In most cases
they are outgrown over time. However, there are some cases where specific phobias do not get
outgrown and eventually become debilitating when they grow to interfere with an individual's daily
life. Childhood is a period during which an individual begins to interact with more of the world
around them. A child is constantly introduced to new people, things and experiences. As this
happens if a child does not also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jackson likes to look at nature and animal picture books and watch nature shows on television. His
parents and teachers have noticed behavioral changes in him over the past few years. He has
progressively developed a few phobias to things, specifically spiders, heights and germs. The
purpose of this research was to determine the origin of Jackson's phobias and see if there was a
specific incident or event which caused them. Determining the specific cause would assist in finding
an effective treatment method for Jackson to learn appropriate coping skills and possibly overcome
the phobias. Background Jackson was diagnosed at three years old with pervasive developmental
disorder not otherwise specified (PDD–NOS) after his parents noticed a significant regression in his
vocalizations, attention and interactions with people. His behavior changes led to a secondary
diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Though he has limited verbal communication
skills and below normal social interaction skills, Jackson currently attends a mainstream school
where he receives a combination of individualized instruction time and mainstream instruction.
Jackson's mother has strong anxiety related to heights. She takes great care to avoid situations which
would place herself in that type of environment. His mother also has a tendency to raise a fuss over
safety conditions if Jackson encounters a situation where she is afraid. Jackson's

Definition Essay On Phobia
Phobia. Three syllables, six words, one meaning. For most people saying that you have a phobia is
just like saying how nervous you are for your math final. According to Google, a phobia is "an
extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something"; when you really think about it, a phobia isn't
the last minute anxiety over question four. A phobia is a fear that pulls at your stomach for hours at a
time and no matter what you do you can't get rid of it; it's sort of like your child. When a person has
a phobia, they'll do anything to avoid it. Sometimes when they attempt to dodge it, they make the
thing they were dodging happen. This can all lead up to therapy where the person will confront their
phobia and deal with the problem like a man. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You are always trapped in the world of endless suffering. There is no way out. Therapy for this
phobia is almost useless because making someone think more and more about what they are afraid
of can drive them to do things they normally wouldn't do. Imagine being stuck in a room with a
therapist for a whole hour where they are making you think about how you will kill your kid.
Obviously this wouldn't work, but hey, trust the person with the degree right? Wrong. This can make
the fear worse over time. Because the patient is so scared of hurting their kid, they might lock the
kid in their room and completely ignore them to keep them from being killed. Parent of the year
awards are being given out as we speak.
It is very scary to have this phobia and knowing that you will have to deal with it for the rest of your
life. What doesn't help is when people laugh at the phobia. This is very serious, just like child abuse
and cancer. You can't know what those things are and laugh about it without looking like an asshole.
Same goes with this and many other fears because most people go through a lot with their fears. So
next time someone decides to share their fears with you, instead of laughing you could see what you
could do to help. I can promise you that making fun of the person will not help the

Aviophobia And Phobia
Introduction
Air travel is an incredibly useful mode of transportation that enables practically anyone in the world
to go practically anywhere they want to. Unfortunately, for some people, it is not as simple and as
wonderful as it sounds. Although it is now counted amongst one of the safest ways to travel, many
individuals have what is called aviophobia: The fear of flying in an airplane (Faraci, Triscari,
Catalisano, D'Angelo & Urso, 2015). Indeed, phobia of flying is a specific phobia that affects
around 25% of the population in varying degrees (Hirsch, 2012). While most people don't catch
flights every day, this phobia can still have countless negative effects on affected individuals' daily
lives. Centered on the main common fears of plane crash and turbulence, symptoms can range from
severe anxiousness to full–blown panic attacks (Hirsch, 2012) which explain why individuals will
go to great lengths if it will allow them to avoid having to endure such distress. When it seems as
though catching a flight will be inevitable, individuals with aviophobia might resort to self–
medication with alcohol or mild sedatives (Hirsch, 2012). The following design assignment will
describe a procedure that hopes to make the lives of those with aviophobia easier and allow them to
utilize air travel while avoiding distress.
Treatment Options
In the past, treatment for phobias such as aviophobia were centered around various forms of
systematic desensitization primarily practiced with

Phobia Informative Speech
a. Visualize driving to the doctor's office. You have a yearly check–up today, which you don't mind
at all. However, it's that time of year again. You know that you'll be getting the flu shot, as well.
Your heart is pounding, you can't control how sweaty you are, and you're shaking hard enough to
impair your driving. This isn't just a simple fear; it's debilitating beyond belief, and you can't stop
the imminent feeling of danger and doom. The thought of the needle going into your arm sends you
into a state of intense fear that you can't avoid. If you've ever experienced something similar to this,
you may have aichmophobia, which is phobia that is based upon the fear of needles or sharp objects
(Aichmophobia, n.d.).
b. Almost everyone has fears. It can be as simple as a fear of spiders or as complex as a fear of being
in a car accident. However, whenever that fear combines with anxiety and a few other factors, it is
actually a phobia.
c. I'm sure a lot of you already have a general idea of what a phobia is, but today I will tell you more
about what distinguishes a phobia from simple fear or anxiety, what the symptoms are and the effect
they can have on a person's life, how a person gets a phobia, and what can be done to treat it.
II. Body of the Speech
a. What are phobias?
i. To begin with, it is important to distinguish a phobia from fear or anxiety. ii. A phobia goes
beyond just being afraid of something. According to MedlinePlus (2016), it is an anxiety disorder

Essay on Treating Phobias
Treating Phobias
Wood (1999) describes a person suffering from a phobia experiences a persistent, irrational fear of
some specific object, situation, or activity that poses no real danger (or whose danger is blown all
out of proportion). Agoraphobia, social phobia, and specific phobia are three classes of phobia.
Agoraphobics have an intense fear of being in a situation from which immediate escape is not
possible or in which help would not be available If the person should become overwhelmed by
anxiety or experience a panic attack or panic–like symptoms. People who suffer from social phobia
are intensely afraid of any social or performance situation in which they ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
And those with a severe dental phobia will actually let their teeth rot rather than visit the dentist
(p522). It is very important that people suffering from phobias be treated, in order to be able to
enjoy their lives to a higher extent, literally speaking for those individuals suffering from
acrophobia.
Claustrophobia and acrophobia are two types of phobias that are usually treated by therapists.
Acrophobia is the situational phobia in which there is a fear of heights. Being on a bridge, in a tall
building, flying, or in any situation in which height will cause discomfort would fall into this
category. Prior treatments for acrophobia would make the patients confront their fear. Acrophobes
would be treated by gradually riding a glass elevator floor by floor or by standing on high balconies,
going to a higher floor every other time over and over until they feel comfortable with the situation.
Now and days acrophobes can be treated for their phobias by using virtual reality.
Virtual reality therapy is being widely used at present time. It is so widely used that is has become
very cost effective. Treatment for acrophobia takes place in the doctor's office and no longer
requires taking trips to tall buildings or bridges. Virtual reality therapy requires the phobic sufferer
to wear a helmet, reading sensors, and to stand in a

Research Paper On Phobias
Living With Phobias
"Nothing to fear, but fear itself" a famous quote from the inaugural address of former U.S. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
About phobias Of course fear is sometims something that takes over our imaginations and suddenly
it seems that every little sound makes us jump. We can get over our fears and control them if we just
have the willpower. The problem of getting over fears occurs if we have a phobia or phobias. If you
look up the word phobias you'll find that in the Wikipedia is tells you that these are most commonly
the result of a "combination of external events and internal predispositions". External events are
something that might have traumatized you at some point and internal predispositions from heredity
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Why? Try saying it or try writing it. I had a problem with both. The fear of long words is
Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia/ Sesquipedalophobia. If that isn't a mouthful I don't know
what is. If you haven't been discouraged to know more this awful word has 35 letters in it. It comes
from the root–word "sesquipedalian" – long word and the words "hippopotamus" and "monsters"
have been added to make it really seem terrible. This phobia is thought to stem from frightening
experiences with vocabulary or spelling bees during childhood and the difficulty to memorize or
mentally process multisyllabic words. It is suggested that perhaps people who have come to rely on
modern technology and have stopped reading might in some form develop this phobia. Now that
alone is a scary thought. That is why I am still friends with all of my books and I know that nothing
can replace the feel and smell of a real book in my hand. Just knowing about this phobia I will
continue to read the old–fashioned way. I remember an incident in school when I was faced with
having to spell the word Mississippi. All of those double letters resulted in a bad case of the hiccups.
Luckily no phobia

Phobia Research Papers
Fear, one of the most powerful emotions experienced by many and has served generations after
generations of people, but while serving became an overwhelming universal symbol of disdain, a
feeling born from self–preservation, where its designated function has diminished it into a
subversive role of the human condition. Where its horrifying purpose to protect has in some cases
become a burden of irrationality that can be showed in a simple word known as a phobia. A phobia
is the caustic effects of fear and attempting to treat it is going to be the goal of today where
techniques will be showed how to counteract the ill consequences of an out of control emotion.
To start with is to mention the subject afflicted with a phobia who shall remain anonymous ... Show
The therapist will have the full discretion of what is consider reasonable, but general guidelines that
need to be follow is that there be no physical manifestations symptoms, such as increased heartbeat,
sweaty palms, light–headedness, and trembling. While this is just a general guideline, any other
behavior that is considered abnormal that appears when confronted with the snake will also prevent
progression and will be up to the discretion of the therapist. If progress is not achieved to the next
hierarchal system is not obtained in a maximum six months, other forms of therapy may be included
such as but not limited to biofeedback therapy, meditation, and cognitive behavioral therapy. If
unsatisfactory results are still met, symptoms will continue to be medicated, and an alternative
treatment plan will be made. If the methods used above are done just as mentioned, it should bring
adequate treatment to the subject, and if it doesn't, it will at least manage some of the symptoms that
are being faced. While not everything can be cured this method will provide an adequate chance to
reform the subject and bring about a favorable change in the individual, that will allow them to lead
a healthier life without worrying about their phobia and allow a world where the last thing they have
to fear is uncontrolled

Phobia Research Paper
Known as a mental disorder a phobia is a persistent fear of a specific object, activity, or situation
that leads to compelling desire to avoid it. Phobias tend to affect the way people live their lives, for
example, their working and social environments, considering that they last for a very long time and
are capable to cause intense psychological physical stress. It is considered today the most common
mental and anxiety disorder in the United States (Matig Mavissakalian & David H. Barlow 1981 pp
2). There are many phobias such as: the fear of aging, fear of changing, fear of clowns, fear of
getting fat, fear of being in closed spaces, etc.
One who encounters phobias has to deal with a collection of uncontrollable symptoms when their ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This specific phobia can lead to the person experience of an intense fear when not being able to
break out of a populated area (Barlow & Mavissakalian, pp 4). This causes people having to evade
open and heavily crowed environments with little possibilities to exit over their massive fear of
going through a panic attack. Therefore, today there are signs in many rides at themed parks that
warn people of the closed areas. This specific category of phobias causes the person to fear traveling
on bus or even waiting in a line. This phobia can also lead to being dependent of someone because
they are too afraid to go outside of their homes. Barlow & Mavissakalian (1981 pp 4–5), implicated
that the clinical picture painted is consistent and consists or fears of going out to public places and
open and crowded places, fears of walking alone or using any means or public transportation, and
fears of being alone at home. Agoraphobia is the most disabling of all phobias and usually begins in
early adolescence.
When a child is at a young age and experience some kind of traumatic event it is most common that
this child will grown a fear anything that triggers the memory of the specific event. Gersely (2001)
stated that traumatic events have the capability to trigger specific phobias. For instance, if a person
experiences are traumatic car accident they might have difficulty later learning how to drive or
might develop a fear in

Traumatic Phobias
Phobias are an everyday annoyance found all over the world. Almost every human has some form of
a phobia. Phobias can be as small as being afraid of spiders, or as big as being afraid of dying.
Research has proved that one in 10 people suffer from a mildly traumatic phobia, and one in five
hundred people suffer from an extremely harmful phobia. Phobias are classified as an anxiety
disorder. Due to the distress of attempting avoidance of these fears, they become a huge part of
people's everyday lives and can even become disabling. B. F. Skinner made numerous discoveries
about the principles of instrumental conditioning in the 1940's and 1950's. He created models of
animals and their phobias. Joseph Wolpe contributed to the study as well in the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sigmund Freud believed that phobias had to do with our external bodies reflecting what our internal
emotions feel. Sigmund also believes the source of phobias always links back to your childhood. I
agree with this theory. As a child, your mind is so open and vulnerable that anything can influence
it. So if you were taught to be scared of snakes as a kid, you will most likely carry that with you
your whole life. Luckily, our world has learned to be so advanced to be able to help us cope with
these phobias. There are many therapy techniques that are made specifically with your phobia in
mind. In an article I read, I learned about a case of a woman named Ellen. Ellen had a fear of flying
due to a past uncomfortable experience. She was given hands on therapy that exposed her
completely to her fear. She was taken to visit airports and gradually worked up to just sitting on
planes. Once she was comfortable, she took various flights that increased in time. Nearly two years
later, Ellen got her pilot's license. As we advance farther into science, we are able to get closer and
closer to picking apart phobias. We are able to reach into the human brain, study it, and help cure
our fears! How cool is that? Although testing on animals isn't right, we can thank monkeys for
helping expand the knowledge of psychologists on phobias. As the years go on and we accumulate
more cases, we

Causes And Effects Of Phobias
Effects:
Phobias are rarely life–threatening, but they can make sufferers unreasonably stressed. Some
phobias inhibit the quality of life of a person and make it difficult for them to gain employment or
education. Some effects of phobias include:
Life–Limiting: Depending on what the phobia is, it may be found a struggle to run errands, go out
with friends or working every day. These limitations can make the person feel isolated. It also
makes it difficult keeping friends and develops doubts on why he/she are not like everybody else.
Embarrassments: Phobias can cause awkward and embarrassing situations. These kinds of phobias
are difficult to manage due to the underlying fear of humiliation. Having a phobic reaction can feel
humiliating, reinforcing the fear and making the phobia more difficult to manage.
Feeling out of control: Usually, the person experiencing it would be aware of it and that it is an
irrational fear but wouldn't be able to control the actions made. Wonders are thought about how life
would be different without those fears.
Helplessness: It may appear when one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is not the way you live along your phobia as if it does not exist, but it is how you learn to
overcome this phobia in a way that it would cease to exist. Not every person experiencing a fear
necessary has a phobia. They are two different aspects in which it depends on the degree of
suffering. For example, fear is when you feel anxious and have a slight disruption during turbulence
or flying. Phobia is not going to your best friend's island wedding because you fear flying in an
airplane. I think this is a major conflict were people become unaware of the difference and directly
jump into the assumption of having a phobia. Every person has a fear that may conquer his/her
body, but life is too short to allow it to do so. Grow the courage to face your fears as it may take you
into

Specific Phobia Of Claustrophobias
1). Emmitt, who has just suffered a serious knee injury, cannot undergo an MRI because he has an
irrational fear of narrow, enclosed spaces.
Answer: Specific Phobia of Claustrophobia (King, 2016); specific phobias consist of irrational fears
of specific thing or circumstance. Claustrophobia is a fear of narrow, enclosed spaces.
2). Andre has 16 different people, each with its own unique traits and memories, living inside of
him. He thinks they sometimes "take turns" running his affairs for him, but has such a poor memory
from day to day; he can't really say for sure what's going on. If his claims were accurate, you would
suspect he is suffering from this disorder.
Answer: Dissociative Identity Disorder (King, 2016); consists of having multiple personalities and
wall of amnesia
3). Tony has been in and out of jail since he was an adolescent. He hits, steals, and he destroys
property and says he enjoys doing so "because people are stupid". He shows little remorse for his
crimes, behaves impulsively, and lacks empathy for the rights and feelings of others.
Answer: Antisocial Personality Disorder (King, 2016); psychological disorder with the individual
possibly having psychopathic tendencies
4). While awakening one day, Theresa suddenly begins to have difficulty breathing. She
hyperventilates, her heart pounds wildly, and she feels weak and dizzy. She believes she is having a
heart attack and is honestly afraid that she's going to die in the next minute or two. (Assume she is
not having a heart attack.)
Answer: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (King, 2016); Theresa doesn't know the source of her
anxiety
5). Sarah has an unrealistic fear of shopping in crowded stores and walking home through crowded
streets. She has begun to spend more and more time home alone in order to avoid the awful, scared
feeling she gets when she goes out in public.
Answer: Social Anxiety or Social Phobia (King, 2016); social situations are the cause of her anxiety
6). Sam's friends are starting to worry about him. Ordinarily an attentive and engaged man, Sam has
become withdrawn and sullen. He has lost weight, is constantly tired, cannot sleep, and hasn't been
showing up for church meetings or to go to his son's soccer games. In

Argumentative Essay On Phobias
Have you ever wondered what might be the underlying cause when you witness a person leaping on
a chair at the sight of a mouse running by or getting a racing heart when standing at the top of a tall
building? A phobia is a mental disorder that is seen in many people from various age groups and can
be a threat to their day to day life. The definition of phobia is "a persistent, irrational fear of a
specific object, activity, or situation that leads to a compelling desire to avoid it (Dictionary.com
Unabridged n.d.)." Many factors cause phobias in people. This paper discusses all the available
options to curing a phobia associated with a stimulus or situation that can affect a person's physical,
social, mental and psychological well being in a negative manner. Although it seems as ... Show
The meditation power exists in the relationship between the amygdala and the ventrolateral
prefrontal cortex for people who suffer from phobias. Meditation reduces the activity in the
amygdala that causes symptoms of panic which come in response to the feared stimulus. With
meditation, an individual learns to recognise feelings and thoughts without having an emotional
reaction to it and he/she starts labelling the sensation rather than responding to it with fear (How
Meditation Cures Phobias n.d.).
There are times when a patient can be put on prescribed medications to help reduce the symptoms of
a phobia. Benzodiazepines, Beta blockers, Monoamine oxidise inhibitors (MAOIs) and Selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are some of the drugs a patient is given in order to reduce
anxiety caused by excessive fear. These medications work by either regulating hormone levels
realised by the brain or by breaking down certain neurotransmitters that are responsible for
controlling mood and anxiety (Fritscher

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