Personal Statement For Civil Engineering

Personal Statement For Civil Engineering
My educational and career intentions include being successfully educated in the field of engineering.
My mission is to pursue a professional engineering license, being able to flourish in whichever field
I choose to go into. I aspire to have constant inspiration and acquirement of newly found knowledge
in the job I am given outside of college. I have a passion for solving problems and discovering
solutions. Receiving an outstanding and strong education in engineering will allow me to pursue and
follow through with this passion. My grandfather was a Professional Civil Engineer who took me
with him to various projects he was working on. He ignited my passion for civil engineering by
showing me all the different aspects of engineering, the start up of projects, construction, to final roll
outs and testings. I went with him on weekends as he had to check structural sites and bridges. It
fascinated me. My grandfather motivated and inspired me "to work to the best of my ability and to
keep my commitments." After, I obtain my civil engineering degree, I will strive to be like my
grandfather who was a Professional Civil Engineer as the Superintendent of Streets and Sanitation
for the City of Chicago. My grandfather has since passed. I loved my grandfather. Getting a civil
engineering degree and professional license would not only make my dreams come true, but I know
it would be honoring his legacy in the field of civil engineering. The area of civil engineering I am
choosing to
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The Dreadful Audition: Bauxite High School
The Dreadful Audition As any other normal day of freshman year starts, the dreaded alarm signals
the end of something tranquil and the beginning of another laborious day. The twenty–five minute
drive to this place of drudgery makes it considerably worse. Upon arriving at the destination, I see
my group of friends standing around in the circle that has become our place in the morning. The
words, ¨Bauxite High School,¨ are sculpted into the Art Deco style of the building. The bell, similar
to the ominous alarm clock, the first bell rings to end the somewhat pleasing part of the day. Sitting
in the most boring class of the day, Algebra two, the morning announcements commence,
¨Goodmorning, Bauxite High School. Would you please stand for the ... Show more content on
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I am going to make a fool of myself in front of Milli and Mr. Parks. I cannot sing. I cannot do this.
What was I thinking getting myself into this mess? I asked him if I could do it somewhere not in
front of all the people, and he went back to the makeup/ dressing room area. Feeling left out at the
moment, Milli asked if I minded that she come, and I told her that I did not mind. With sweat
pooling, heart racing, and legs shaking, I managed to pick out a song, "When I was Your Man" by
Bruno Mars. It was a fairly easy choice because it was my favorite song at the time. With the
volume on the lowest setting, I placed the phone up to my ears, closed my eyes, and hoped for the
best. Afterwards, not much was said, and it made me very nervous. I kept thinking to myself, Was it
good? Was it bad? Was it horrible? Did I just embarrass myself horribly? Oh

Jamaica
Abstract Left blank intentionally. JAMAICA Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean
Sea, comprising the third–largest island of the Greater Antilles. Jamaica has a long history of census
taking, and currently holds a census every ten years. The last census took place in July 2011, which
showed a total of 2,697,983 residents in the country. The largest cities in Jamaica with populations
as of 2011 are: Kingston (Kingston Parish): 937,000, Portmore (Saint Catherine): 182,000 Spanish
Town (Saint Catherine): 147,000, Montego Bay (Saint James): 110,000. Jamaicans of African
descent represent 76.3% of the population, followed by 15.1% Afro–European, 3.4% East Indian
and Afro–East Indian, 3.2% Caucasian, 1.2% Chinese and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The island of Jamaica is rich in biodiversity and has a number of plants and animals that are
INDIGENOUS to Jamaica. A large number of these plants and animals are found no where else in
the world and are said to be ENDEMIC to Jamaica. The national tree of Jamaica, The Blue Mahoe is
found throughout the island, but is no longer abundant as it is commonly used as a source of lumber.
The National flower comes from the Lignum Vitae tree, it is found only in the plains. It is also
valued for its lumber and as a major source for shade. Jamaica has at least 579 species of Ferns.
Several species of ferns are found all over the island particularly in the forests. Orchids are found
throughout the island but are most abundant in the eastern parishes. There are about 220 species, 33
are ENDEMIC to Jamaica. INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS The Sundew (Drosera capillaris) is an
indigenous plant found only at Mason River, Clarendon. It is a rare plant which traps insects on its
sticky leaves and feeds on the juices produced by the action of the plant's digestive enzymes.
Jamaica's forests support about 60 species of wild pines. They are very important members of the
forest community and harbour many small animals between their leaves. The wild pine crab, found
only in Jamaica, lives in the water in the leaves of the

The Two Methods Of Surface Mining And Underground Mining
Introduction
Mining is what people use to extract minerals and ores, there are two methods that you can use that
is surface mining and underground mining.
What is underground mining/surface mining?
Underground mining is what people use to extract hard minerals from underground some of those
are Gold, Copper, Iron, Metal and Zinc, and many more minerals found underground. The two
methods used for underground mining is cut and fill and room and pillar. Cut and fill is when the
material extracted from underground is then used to fill another space. Room and pillar is when the
ore is extracted in a horizontal line. There are two phases to extracting a mineral using the room and
pillar method. Surface mining is when you find minerals either above the surface or on the surface
in soil etc. The two most popular ways to do surface mining is open–pit mining and strip–mining.
Open–pit mining is when you extract rocks from the earth's surface in open pits, the minerals found
using open–pit mining are Ores, copper and aluminium. Strip mining is when you get rid of soil and
rocks above a layer of coal normally and you then extract the mineral, coal is the only mineral
normally extracted using the strip mining method. Mining can be very dangerous and have been
many accidents in the past, if you are mining you are told to wear a helmet, gloves, protective shoes,
padding and eye protection.
http://www.dictionaryofconstruction.com/definition/cut–and–fill.html

Current Marketing Strategy Paper
12. What is the current marketing (functional) strategy? Alcoa's current marketing strategy is
working to shed underperforming parts of the company and decrease employees. So far, Alcoa has
divested from assets in Europe and South America, and cut 8000 employees. Alcoa believes this will
help to focus on new products such as R & D for improved aluminum for aerospace and automotive
industries. 13. What is the financial position and (functional) strategy of the organization? Alcoa just
finalized a split in the company, which will allow for targeted investment opportunity. (Reuters
2016) Alcoa will continue to work on smelting and refining and the new company, Arconic Inc. will
focus on products for the automotive and aerospace industries. In this way they hope to pull the
profitable side of the business out and work to expand it. Focusing on R & D will help Alcoa plan ...
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What are the current strategies in other functional areas such as HR and info systems? Alcoa has lain
off 8000 workers in order to reduce overhead costs, as well as closing smelters. They have also
worked to reorganize their operating structure for greater efficiency. Alcoa has been working on
employee incentives, recruitment and retention. 16. What strengths exist for the organization? Alcoa
has the opportunity to work on R&D such as the inert anode. "The U.S. government has been giving
considerable support to the U.S. aluminum companies' attempts to achieve success with the inert
anode, which would not only improve efficiency, but also reduce carbon emissions". Being number
one has advantages, as Alcoa has a name brand they can capitalize on with their

Chemistry: Questions And Answers
Analysis 1. Using your results, construct a metal reactivity series with the most reactive metal
written first. [AE1] Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Pb 2. State, and explain, where you would expect gold to
feature on your series. [KU1] At the end of the metal reactivity series because of its low valence it
would be the least reactive out of the metals listed above. 3. Select two metals, not tested, that would
feature beyond the most reactive metal you tested. Explain your reasoning. [A1] Lithium and
Sodium are more reactive than magnesium. This because lithium and sodium both have a lower
valence than magnesium making it more reactive. Lithium and sodium are both in group one where
as magnesium is in group 2 meaning that anything in group one ... Show more content on
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Bauxite is a clay–like mineral, a mixture of hydrated oxides and hydroxides. Chemical Formula of
Bauxite: Al(OH)3 2. A description of its relative reactivity, Cite its position in the metal reactivity
series. Explain how is its reactivity is related to its extraction. Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu and Pb.
Aluminium has a valence of +3. It is ductile, malleable, and a great conductor of heat and electricity.
Although it is chemically very reactive, aluminium resists corrosion by the formation of a self–
protecting oxide coating. Aluminium is the most bounteous metal on Earth. Notwithstanding this, it
is costly, to a great extent in view of the measure of power spent in the extraction process. The
extraction is done by electrolysis. Electrolysis 3. Describe briefly, how the metal is
reduced/extracted. Include at least one chemical equation. [KU1, KU3, A2] Electrolysis is the
process where an electric current is passed through a liquid that conducts electricity. Firstly, the
aluminium oxide must be made molten so that power can go through it. Aluminium oxide has a high
melting point and is very costly to melt it. Instead, it is dissolved in molten cryolite, an aluminium
compound with a lower melting point than aluminum oxide. Use of cryolite is reduces the costs of
melting

There Should be a Financial Incentive for People to Recycle
There are many compelling reasons to recycle, for instance, recycling saves energy, benefits the
economy, conserves resources, and is better for wildlife yet the majority of Americans do not
recycle. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, only thirty eight percent of Americans
profess to be "avid recyclers." This is an alarming statistic given that the average American
generates 4.4 pounds of trash a day. As a nation this country produces approximately 250 million
tons of trash every year. Only thirty five percent of the millions of tons of trash collected annually in
the United States is recycled. There are a myriad of reasons given by those who do not recycle. For
example, some Americans consider recycling inconvenient, ... Show more content on
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In addition, the recycling industry creates jobs since companies are needed to collect and process the
recycling. The U.S. Recycling Economic Information Study reports almost 1.1 million people work
in the more 56,000 recycling and re–purposing industries across the country. Recycling is beneficial
for the environment in many ways for example, it reduces the
Pollution caused by landfill, limits wildlife habitat destruction, and conserves energy which saves
natural resources. Landfills produce greenhouse gasses and release toxic chemicals, therefore less
trash in the landfill means less of these harmful substance are released. Also, recycling decreases the
need for raw materials, which means less habitat destruction occurs and there is a reduction in
global warming. Creating new products from raw materials uses much more energy than recycling
an old product into something new does. Nationally, approximately thirty eight percent of
Americans recycle, which saves the country 1.5 quads of energy per year. Because one quad of
energy equates to one quadrillion or thousand–trillion of bauxite that means a total savings of 1,5 %
in national yearly energy usage occurs. In 2010 for example, 85 million tons of solid waste was
recycled or composted which saved more than 1.3 quadrillion bauxite's worth of energy, which is
equal to 229 million barrels of oil.

How Does Aluminum Become Popular
Where does aluminum come from; how is it made, discuss the history of aluminum and how it
compares to other material. When did the use or application of aluminum become popular? Explain
the circumstances or preceding events associated with popularity. Aluminum is made from
extracting aluminum oxide from bauxite. Traces of aluminum have been found as far back as 5300
BC, in ancient Persia strongest clay cooking vessels. In the early 1800s Sir Humphrey Davy was the
first to establish its existence, and name it. Around ten years later a French scientist found red clay
that contained large amounts of aluminum, which was called Bauxite. Aluminum never occurs
naturally in nature; even today no one has ever found pure aluminum. In 1825 a small

Persuasive Essay On Recycling
Many of animals in our environment are being harmed from our wastes, like turtles in the sea being
trapped on beer can plastic rings. Recycling wastes should be a thing that everyone does to prevent
many things like this from happening. There are people out there who recycle everything they can,
and there are those who can't even bother to look if they're throwing their trash in the right bin.
People all over the world constantly debate whether recycling is or is not beneficial to the
environment. With the climate changing rapidly and natural disasters becoming worse, people
should be more aware of the dangers that global warming can bring. Even a little help can do good
for the environment; we should help by recycling more. Those who recycle help reduce pollution
caused by waste, save energy and create jobs for those in need. Recycling helps reduce pollution
caused by waste from landfills. We should start using more recycled materials "because using
recycled materials reduces the need to extract, process, refine, and transport the timber, crude
petroleum, ores, and so on that are necessary for virgin–based paper, plastics, glass, and metals,
recycling lessens the toxic air emissions, effluents, and solid wastes that these manufacturing
processes create" (Hershkowitz). Given that the decrease in waste ultimately helps the decrease of
pollution, it's currently not being properly put into effect as people don't find it important or they
simply don't always remember to

Guatemala Research Paper
Guatemala is totally centralized by transportation, communications, business, politics, and the most
important urban activity takes place in the capital of Guatemala City. In which numbers are around
of two million inhabitants within the city limits and more than five million in the metropolitan,
constituting over a third of the country's population.
Agriculture in Guatemala is a very rich country. Guatemala is one of the most exporting countries in
the world for its diverse species. They offer a lot of variety the most outstanding are: Coffee,
bananas, avocado, corn, plantain, watermelon, and lemon, orange. Etc. Guatemala is the one that
produces worldwide with a production of 20 million bags annually. Beans are the world's second
largest

The Road to Hell
Case Summary
The case "Road to Hell" by Gareth Evans is a story that involved two characters with different
backgrounds, personalities and points of view. John Baker, an English expatriate, is a successful
western chief engineer in the Caribbean Bauxite Company of Barracania.
Baker thinks he has an edge in working in a foreign country because he was experience in
understanding a regional staff's psychology and knowing exactly how to get along with locals.
Bakers has been working hard to prepare Matthew Rennalls, on the other hand, is a young engineer
who represents the new generation of patriotic, well–educated Barracania's professionals. His four
years as a student at London University made him highly sensitive to political, racial ... Show more
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His career development and his family background in political field might help the company in term
of growth. Rennalls resignation might also create crisis communication within Barracanian and
European which the Barracanian would think that the racism of European had caused the resignation
of Rennalls. Therefore, the misunderstanding will continue to rise. Baker should also make another
discussion or meeting with Rennalls before hiring him back. This step should be taken to explain the
misunderstanding that happened and also to prevent another similar incident to happen again.
However, the consultation is needed for Baker to build up a better communication skills before
having a conversation with Rennalls again.
Long term – Create a Diverse and Peaceful Work Environment
The Caribbean Bauxite Company should organize the company in a diverse and fair working
environment. Firstly, the company should evaluate the employees based on their performance but
not their skin colour, culture and background. The company should give a chance to every employee
that has high performance and high interpersonal skills without any bias. A diverse environment
must be created by include people which from different culture and background. A consultation on
communication skills to every employee also needed to improve the communication skills among
them.
Long term – Hiring

Ground Echelon Research Paper
The Ground Echelon consisted of three officers, one cadet, and 165 enlisted men who arrived on
November 4, 1941 aboard the United States Army Transport ship (USAT) "Franklin S. Leisenring."
U.S. bomb groups were classified into four types: Very Heavy (VH), Heavy (H), Medium (M) and
Light (L). Very Heavy = B –29 Super Fortress, B 32 Dominator. Heavy = B –17 Flying Fortress, B –
24 Liberator. Medium = B–18 Bolo, B–25 Mitchell, B–26 Marauder. Light = A–20 Havoc, A–26
Invader (both types were also attack aircrafts), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
installation located approximately 1,400m /2,260 km from the coast of Brazil, and 1050m /1690 km
from the coast of Africa. (The distance between Atkinson Field and Natal, Brazil is 1,932 miles /
3,108km; Recife, Brazil 2,020 miles / 3,250 km; Ascension Island 3,201 miles / 5150km). The
Allied forces also had access to bases off the coast of West Africa that included: Roberts Field,
Liberia; Sierra Leone; Gambia; with additional bases in Ghana; Nigeria (Kano and Maiduguri);
Khartoum, Sudan which shares a border with Egypt and Libya. The Southern Air Route supported
the following operations: Operation Lightfoot: The British offensive in North Africa – 2nd Battle of
El Alamein, Egypt. Operation Torch: The first US Army offensive of the War led by General Patton
in North Africa Operation Husky: The Allied Invasion of Sicily Operation Avalanche: The Allied
Invasion of

African Ideology And Ghana
The prime minister of Ghana and the first African head of a West African country freed from
colonization, Kwame Nkrumah, followed a pan–African ideology and hoped to be the one who
would guide Africa in a unified direction, leading an independent Africa that was industrialized and
powerful (Muehlenbeck 2012: 17). Despite his ambition, or maybe because of it, his policies
virtually bankrupted Ghana through a focus on large industrial projects that did not form a good
base for the industrialization he hoped for in his country. Additionally the discrepancies between the
ways he handled his political relations in private and in public for the sake of protecting his image
contributed to the trouble Ghana faced. Kwame Nkrumah went to ... Show more content on
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May 23, 2016). Unfortunately, things did not work out this way.
Firstly, Nkrumah had much difficulty securing the funds to build the Volta Dam. Originally the
British, who were still in control of Ghana at the time, were going to fund the dam but backed out,
citing the high costs and the decline of British colonial power (Black Power, BBC: 1992).
Afterwards, Ghana spent much time trying to secure the money needed for the project, but the
United States was unwilling to earmark the amount of funds, and Nkrumah was unable to get the
World Bank to approve a loan for the money he needed. The only solution provided was from either
the Soviet Union or the private sector of America, and so Nkrumah found himself directed toward
Kaiser Aluminum (Muehlenbeck 2012: 20). This is where more issues began to form. Kaiser
Aluminum, like some other companies, did not give Ghana the kind of beneficial deals they sought
with their industrialization projects and Nkrumah did not pursue other options that would have been
better deals for his country. For Kaiser Aluminum, they refused to work with Nkrumah's plan unless
he conceded the use of Ghanaian bauxite and instead let them import it. They explained this away as
just concern for the difference in aluminum quality the bauxite would provide, but were also largely
motivated by the threat of Ghana repurposing the aluminum

Evaluation Of The Performance Appraisal
Performance appraisals are used in business today as a means of providing critical feedback to
employees on their performance in the workplace. In a global environment, particular care needs to
be exercised to ensure the message delivered and received by employees is sensitive to the cultural
differences between the parties. This document will be discussing a situation where unintended
consequences arose during a performance appraisal. The document will provide for a synopsis of the
case study, background information, and some of the strengths and weaknesses of the performance
appraisal. A review of if the situation could have been avoided and should the supervisor have
anticipated the employee reaction will also be discussed. Finally, a review of culture sensitivity in
performance evaluations will be analyzed and to determine if the interaction style between the
parties was the reason for the ultimate outcome.
Synopsis of the Case Study John Baker had a prominent position in a company called Caribbean
Bauxite Company of Barracania in the West Indies and had recently received an assignment to
transfer to another location. John Baker had been grooming his successor for several years, a
gentleman by the name of Matthew Rennalls. Before leaving for his new assignment, John Baker
wanted to ensure that Rennalls received an updated performance evaluation and provide what he felt
was critical feedback to Rennalls. This feedback had aspects that were both positive and

Alcan's Site Structure
Site Structure Driving Rationale As a result of the fact that the Alcan is an international company
that develops and sells an enormous range of products, the website structure needs to convey the
fact that Alcan is a tremendous player in the global market place, a leader who has its hands in a
variety of dealings. For example, the sheer fact alone that Alcan sells products ranging from
"bauxite, smelter–grade alumina, sheet ingot, extrusion billet, wire ingot, forging stock, beverage
can sheet, automobile iron, aluminum recycling services, fabricated products such as wire and cable,
and flexible and specialty packaging" (Dube et al., 2009). This is a huge variety of products all used
for a range of extremely serious, extremely technical endeavors. It's also important to keep in mind
that Alcan is a highly integrate company: the own a wide range of mines, deposits, alumina
refineries, specialty alumina plants, port and rail facilities, aluminum smelters, power plants,
product plants, and packaging material plants (Dube et al., 2009). While this means that Alcan is an
extremely dominating figure in this particular arena of business, it means there's an even greater
burden of a need to create a website that doesn't seem intimidating or confusing. While Alcan's
business dealing might be extremely intricate, the corresponding website needs to be extremely
accessible for the average user. The website needs to represent a clear division of the products that
Alcan offers

Case Study : Road to Hell
1. CASE SUMMARY
This case study analysis seeks to provide better solution to Caribbean Bauxite Company following
the resignation of Matthew Rennalls, who is to be promoted to a position of chief engineer to
replace John Baker. Rennalls cited cultural differences and Baker offensive racial comments for his
resignation. Further, Rennalls's resignation came a day after his interview with John Baker, his
direct superior.
Several issues Caribbean Bauxite company has to deal with following Rennalls's departure relates to
the void in position of chief engineer; and the possible departure of Barracanian staff given
Rennalls's popularity. They also need to deal with the poor communication channel existent within
Caribbean Bauxite Company; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However he did not work in the government even though his father is a minister but joined a private
company called Caribbean Bauxite which is run by expatriates. The Caribbean Bauxite has ascribed
vigorous and liberal regionalization program, which since World War II had produced 18
Barracanians at mid–management level. We think that when Rennalls joined Caribbean Bauxite he
wanted more Barracanians to take up management level position in the company and reduced the
number of expatriates.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
"THERE IS A COMMUNICATION PROBLEM WHEN PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT
CULTURES AND BACKGROUNDS DO NOT TAKE DIVERSITY INTO CONSIDERATION"
3. ALTERNATIVES STRATEGIES
1. Create awareness, knowledge and training of cultural diversity among the expatriates and
Barracanians people.
The company should create and give information on cultural awareness, knowledge and training that
allows the expatriates and Barracanians alike to see the entire picture and improves the quality of
respect, trust and work outcomes. This cultural diversity dimensions should cover the information
on race, education, age, thinking style, economic status, work experience, family status and values.
The information may help bring together all the expatriates and the Barracanians to the organization
so that they will appreciate each other cultural value. Respecting individual differences in the
organizations can contribute cooperation, trust and respect for each

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Aluminium
Aluminium, 13th element in periodic table is a silvery–white metal. Aluminium is one of the most
widespread metal in the earth's crust, constituting more than 8% of earth's core mass. Aluminum is
one of the world's most abundant metals and after oxygen and silicon, aluminium is the third most
common element present on earth.
Aluminium alloys which are widely used across the globe can be produced in two different ways: –
1. Primary alloys are produced from pure molten aluminium which are melted along with addition
elements to achieve desired properties.
2. Secondary alloys are produced from aluminium material scraps. These scraps are low cost in
nature. These scraps are re–melted and are re–classifying after adjustment for main elements to
achieve desired properties. These type of alloys generally have high level of impurities.
Figure–1 schematically shows how primary aluminium from bauxite gets converted into ... Show
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Various related outreach activities & research programs have several times communicated benefits
of using aluminum in transportation industry – Electrical: Due to its significant weight and cost
advantages over copper, aluminum is now considered as the preferred material for electricity
distribution and transmission.
– Electronics & Appliances: Due to versatile nature of aluminium, usage of aluminium has been
increased multi–folds. From Presto Cooker (West Bend's 1970) to latest electronic gadget (i–phone
6s), all share a single, common characteristic, i.e. usage of aluminium in it.
– Other Markets: With the advancement of technology, presently aluminium usage is also getting
extended to solar panel nanotechnology, aluminum–air batteries and transparent aluminum

Chemistry Assessment Task : Robert Boyle
Chemistry Assessment Task 1
Michelle Chen 11CH5
Question 1:
1660 – Robert Boyle defined elements and compounds, which are the basis of the periodic table.
1778 – Antoine Lavoiser distinguished the elements into 4 categories: metals, non–metals, elastic
fluids (gases) and earths. This was the first classification of the elements.
1828 – Jakob Berseius arranged the first table of elements according to atomic masses, and
introduced symbolising elements with elements.
1828 – Johann Dobereiner grouped elements with similar properties into triads. This was the first
attempt to class elements into groups based on their properties.
1864 – John Newlands continued the work of Dobereiner. He ordered the elements according to
atomic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1913 – Henry Moseley tested whether elements should be based on the charge of the nucleus. He
found that there was a pattern between adjacent elements. Moseley devised the basics of the atomic
number.
1913 – Niels Boh proposed his model of the atom with protons in the nucleus and electrons in the
shells around it. He also proposed that elements with the same number of electrons in the valency
shell meant that they had similar properties.
1913 – Wolfgang Pauli used quantum physics to explain that the first period of the periodic table
could accommodate two elements, while the second period could hold eight.
1940 – Glenn Seaborg discovered elements from number 94 – 102.
Question 2:
a) Johann Dobereiner had first grouped some of the elements into groups of three, or else called
triads. He created these triads and ordered them according to their atomic weights. He found that by
ordering Lithium, Sodium and Potassium this way, they had an ascending level of reactivity with
water. Also, by grouping them this way, John Newlands found that every eight elements from one
element had similar physical and chemical properties.
b) Other triads that were identified during the early construction of the period included:
Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium
Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen
c) i) In this time of history, atomic numbers were not used because scientists had not yet found that
there would be a pattern among the X–ray frequency given off by the

Arkansas Natural Resources
Natural resources Natural resources are materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and
fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain, and Arkansas is rich with natural
resources. Arkansas has a wide assortment of resources, with yearly generation esteemed in
abundance of $1,000,000,000. Petroleum, normal gas, and bromine, are the main three resources
created in Arkansas. Arkansas drives the country underway of bauxite, giving more than 80% of this
important resources from which aluminum is made. Arkansas likewise positions first underway of
bromine, representing around one–portion of the world's yield, and in silica stone. Murfreesboro,
Arkansas, is the home of the main diamond mine open to the people on the planet. The timber
industry is a very important part of Arkansas fortune, too.
Diamonds and Quartz As per J. Willard Hershey in "The Book of Diamonds," precious stones were
initially found in Arkansas in 1906. The state is one of the most elevated designer of the stones in
the United States; somewhere around 1972 and 2005, 25,369 jewels were mined in the state, as per
the official state website.Often called "Arkansas jewels," quartz gems are minerals found in
Arkansas. Quartz precious stone was announced the state mineral in 1967. Since the brilliant stones
was found more than 100,000 jewels have been recuperated from the site now known as Crater of
Diamonds State Park. The normal size of the diamond is around .21 carat. ... Show more content on
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As indicated by Thomas Leonard Watson in the book "A Preliminary Report on the Bauxite
Deposits of Arkansas," the bauxite stores of Arkansas were initially found by the Geological Survey
in 1891. Bauxite is a yellow, chestnut or grayish rock that is utilized to make drink jars, vessels,
electrical cables, planes, concretes, chemicals and slugging

Overview Of Alcoa Intalco Aluminum
Milestone 1: Overview of Alcoa Intalco Aluminum Works
This short paper will discuss a general overview of Alcoa Intalco Aluminum Works with different
aspects of the business in pertaining to either a preparation for a new product launch or new method
created specifically in the hope of reducing costs that will save the company, not just money but the
jobs of hundreds of employees currently employed there.
Brief History
Intalco Aluminum Corp., was the original name of Alcoa Intalco Works, which is an aluminum
refinery that is located in Ferndale, WA. It began smelter operation back in 1966 and owned
primarily by Alumax, Pechiney and Howmet. Most of it employees were and are union workers. In
1998, Alcoa Inc. and Alumax merged which created ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alcoa created its aluminum using a process called Hall–Herould through electrolysis since
aluminum is highly reactive, as I have mentioned before, and for this requires a high amount of
energy. A single aluminum plant uses as much electricity as the city of Tacoma. The company is
spending millions of dollars researching ways to use less power. It, however, still takes an average
of 16,232 kilowatt hours to turn out a ton of aluminum, if we are to compare to another product, for
instance steel would only need 77 for a ton. However, there is a reason to why Alcoa Intalco Works
stays purely with aluminum as Isaac Bonell, a writer for The Bellingham Business Journal pointed
out that "Aluminum is needed to build infrastructure, to manufacture cars and airplanes, to make
high–tech medical equipment and to package your favorite chilled beverage. In the smelting
industry, there is no shortage of customers." Last year, on August 2016, the facility celebrated its
50th birthday in operation which was bittersweet because they were discussing shutting down some
of their potlines again which mean layoff of over 400 employees as well. Unfortunately, energy
crisis was not the only problem here but had to do with the global market prices of aluminum which
makes Intalco unprofitable.
Mission/Business: Aluminum
Act with Integrity. Operate with Excellence. Care for People.
At Alcoa, values are a simple reflection of who

Natural Resources In Arkansas
Introduction
Have you ever wondered what Arkansas's wildlife is like and their natural resources are like and
how they use it? Arkansas is called the natural state
because of it's wildlife. It is filled to the brim with wildlife. They have natural resources. They used
their natural resources more in the past than they do now. Arkansas has wildlife and natural
resources that people use. Wildlife Arkansas has a lot of wildlife. According to Student World
Book,"Arkansas consists of 200
species of fish and 300 species of birds." People fish so that they can have something to eat or for
fun. According to Student World Book,"Seen across the state in plentiful numbers of
rabbits,squirrels,and deer." People in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is diamonds and quartz
crystals which were first discovered in 1906. According to scienceing.com,"According to J Willard
Hershey"in "The Book of Diamonds", diamonds were first discovered in Arkansas in 1906." In
addition,they also have timber. According to scienceing.com,"According to the V.S. Forest
Service,"much of Arkansas was once covered by vast forests of large, old trees." As a matter of
fact, Arkansas has bauxite,an aluminum like ore which is Arkansas's official ore. According to
scienceing.com,"Bauxite––and Aluminum ore–– is an important natural resource of Arkansas and
was named as it's official mineral in 1967."
How they use it As this essay had the information related to this,Arkansas has natural resources. Yet,
you haven't been shown how they use their natural resources. Timber in Arkansas was used when
services were in need of help. According to encyclopediaofarkansas.net,"When timber industries

came in town,many new services/intuitions–schools,churches,stores,police departments,fire
departments,hospitals and utilities– were needed to support employees and families." However,oil
was used to help companies in Oklahoma. According to encyclopediaofarkansas.net,"An oil refinery
had been completed some years later at Fort Smith to help producers in Oklahoma. That is how
Arkansas used their natural

Guyana Research Paper
Guyana, South America
Guyana is a sovereign state located on the North East corner of South America. Guyana, which is
bordered by the Atlantic ocean, Brazil, Suriname and Venezuela; is the fourth smallest country in
South America and the only english speaking region of South America. Due to its strong cultural
and historical ties with the caribbean community, Guyana is considered a member of the west indies.
Guyana's main economic assets have always been their rainforest, sugarcane plantations, rice fields,
bauxite and gold; however the country remains to be one of the poorest countries in South America.
As of 2015 Guyana was ranked 127 on the Human Development Index (HDI) with 35% of the
population below the poverty line.
When Guyana gained independence in 1966, the country was economically dependent on
agriculture and mining, specifically sugarcane, bauxite and gold. During the 1970s, all mining and
agriculture were own and controlled by the government. Government control was only reduced in
the 1990s when a privatization program was introduced. By the early 21st century, the government
secured foreign direct ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bauxite is the world's main source of aluminium, and guyana is one of the main bauxite producers
of the world. Commercial bauxite mining began in 1916 when the demerara bauxite company was
established A scottish geologist, George bain mackenzie bought lands for minding on the eastern
bank of the demerara river. Commercial bauxite mining began in 1916 when the demerara bauxite
company was established. In january 2006, Rusal; America's largest aluminum company that is
based in Russia, reached an agreement with the government of guyana to purchase 90 percent of the
Aroaima mining Company. In 2007 Bosai minerals group of China, bid $60 million dollars in an
auction against Omai Bauxite mining from canada to acquire bauxite mines in

Saving The Environment Essay
When I imagine the world, I imagine a world with blue skies, green grass and trees, crystal water
and fresh air. This sounds pretty good, moreover imagine a world where the skies are gone, where
trees become scarce and the water is a bonus that just limited people can have it. Where the jungles
and the animal species were only part of the history. Imagine a world where all people needs to wear
protection like anti–pollutions masks to breathe and special clothes to protect their skin against the
UV rays. A world where the planet earth temperature can increase at extremely levels that is
impossible to bear for walk or play. In this time, we cannot imagine a world where all the natural
resources are gone and consequently the human extension is a reality. These toughs can be just
imaginary, but what if they become real? Is it possible that these thoughts really happened? Serious
environmental problems are happening at this time. These complications happen for one simple
reason, people do not pay attention about the importance of caring the environment and saving
natural resources for future generations. There is one activity that includes reusing materials or
products to save energy and raw materials, looks like a good solution for all the environmental
problems occurring in our planet. Since early ages, people had been learning about the word recycle.
Many people know the meaning and the purpose of recycling. The real concern is that recycling is
impractical for several

Zinc: High Demand Metals
The world's future metal, Zinc.
Half of the world's top ten worst pollution problems are mining related. This report will investigate
the extraction processes of high demand metals, such as zinc, iron and aluminium, and the energy
demands, chemical processes and costs of each metal. It will also discuss which metal is the most
environmentally healthy, and find possible alternative extraction techniques.
Zinc
Zinc is used in many everyday objects, such as batteries. Zinc uses two main methods to extract
from the ore, electrolytic refining and smelting, but electrolytic refining is a much more widely used
method.
Electrolysis
The electrolysis of zinc is the process of purifying the ore. The electrolysis speeds up the
decomposition of zinc ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Endothermic Reactions
Endothermic reactions take energy in from its surrounding. (BBC, 2014) The opposite reaction, an
exothermic reaction, releases heat due to a chemical reaction and gives energy. For a reaction to be
endothermic, the enthalpy of the product must be higher than that of the reactants. (ChemWiki,
2015)
Aluminium
Aluminium is the most plentiful metal on earth. Despite its abundance, it is one of the most
expensive, due to the large amount of electricity used in the extraction process. As aluminium's
melting point is 2000°C, molten cryolite is used to melt the aluminium in preparation for
electrolysis. Aluminium ore is called bauxite ore, and for the bauxite ore to be prepared for
extraction, it must be processed into aluminium oxide for pure aluminium to be extracted. This uses
the Bayer process, where the crushed bauxite ore is treated with a moderately concentrated sodium
hydroxide solution. (ChemGuide, 2014)
(Cell for Aluminium Extraction)
The electrolysis process is a redox reaction. The aluminium is reduced, leaving behind pure
aluminium at the cathode. The oxygen laced in the aluminium ore is then harvested at the anode, and

it is oxidised. This redox reaction is what allows the aluminium to be processed to be ready for
casting. (BBC,

Material Use Of The Automotive Business
Literature review Materials use in automotive
The automotive business uses an incredible range of materials to make cars, together with iron,
aluminium, plastic steel, glass, rubber, rock oil product, copper, steel et al. These components square
measure wont to produce everything from those little things we do not rely on, like dashboard
needles and wiring, to the large stuff, like the cylinder block or the transmission gears. But besides
this most common metals uses in automobile are steel and aluminium. These materials have evolved
greatly over the decades, changing into a lot of refined, higher engineered, and safer. They 've
modified as new automotive producing technologies have emerged over the years, and they are
employed in more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Steel 's strength compared to pure iron is barely doable at the expense of plasticity; of that iron has
associate degree excess.
Basic oxygen steel making system
Accounting for the world 's total output of crude steel, the essential chemical element Steelmaking
(BOS) method is that the dominant steelmaking technology. In the U.S., that figure is fifty four and
slowly declining due primarily to the appearance of the "Greenfield" spark chamber (EAF) flat–
rolled mills. However, elsewhere its use is growing. The Basic chemical element Steelmaking
method differs from the EAF therein it 's self–generated, or self–sufficing in energy. the first raw
materials for the BOP square measure 70–80% liquid hot metal from the furnace and also the
balance is steel scrap. These square measure charged into the essential chemical element chamber
(BOF) vessel. chemical element is "blown" into the BOF at supersonic velocities. It oxidizes the
carbon and Si contained within the hot metal liberating nice quantities of warmth that melts the
scrap. There square measure lesser energy contributions from the oxidization of iron, manganese,
and phosphorus. The post combustion of CO because it exits the vessel conjointly transmits heat
back to the bathtub. The product of the Bos is liquid steel with a nominative chemical analysis at
2900°F–3000°F. From here it 's going to bear any refinement in an exceedingly secondary
refinement method or be sent on to

My Experience In Football
Football has been a major part of my life for seven years now, it has also taught me many important
life lessons – never give up in difficult times, always work as a team and never put yourself first.
During my years of playing, I've gotten injured multiple times and I came back stronger but this
time it'll be harder.
On the third play of defense I shot off the line and barely slipped by the offensive tackle who aimed
to take out my legs. I bolted down the line pursuing the ball carrier in a mass of offenders and I was
getting ready to tackle the running back. I had planted my foot to help tackle the running back and
all of a sudden the bottom part of my left leg crunched. I tried to get off the ground but it was
difficult. I kept trying to stand up, but my leg wouldn't let me, it kept knocking me off of my feet. I
eventually got up on my right leg and started hopping to the side line. The whole time I was
screaming at the coaches to get me a substitute and I was cursing as well. I was about halfway to the
sideline before I started crying, but I wasn't crying because it hurt, I was crying because this was my
year to do the best that I ever had in football, my senior year. I got to the sideline and the coaches
guided me to the bench and sat me down. The trainer Mike, Rachel, and one of the coaches kept
telling me everything will be okay. I couldn't even listen to them. They were just distant voices
when they were talking, it just made me aggravated. I knew it wasn't okay.

Hydraulic Fracturing Pros And Cons
Hydraulic fracturing is a well–stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized
liquid. The process involves the high–pressure injection of 'fracking fluid' into a wellbore to create
cracks in the deep–rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum, and brine will flow more
freely. When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing
proppants hold the fractures open. Hydraulic fracturing is highly controversial in many countries. Its
proponents advocate the economic benefits of more extensively accessible hydrocarbons. However,
opponents argue that these are out–weighed by the potential environmental impacts, which include
risks of ground and surface water contamination, air and noise pollution, and potentially triggering
earthquakes, along with the consequential ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several additional countries are planning to use hydraulic fracturing. The proppant is a granular
material that prevents the created fractures from closing after the fracturing treatment. Types of
proppant include silica sand, resin–coated sand, bauxite, and man–made ceramics. The choice of
proppant depends on the type of permeability or grain strength needed. In some formations, where
the pressure is great enough to crush grains of natural silica sand, higher–strength proppants such as
bauxite or ceramics may be used. The most commonly used proppant is silica sand, though
proppants of uniform size and shape, such as a ceramic proppant, are believed to be more effective.
A typical fracture treatment uses between 3 and 12 additive chemicals. Tensile stresses are generated
ahead of the fracture's tip, generating large amounts of shear stress. The increases in pore water
pressure and in formation stress combine and affect weaknesses near the hydraulic fracture, like
natural fractures, joints, and bedding

Neocolonialism in Jamaica Essay
Neocolonialism in Jamaica: History, practices, and resistance
"The imposition of structural adjustment programs in the Third World since the 1970s has been
characterized as a war against the poor, a process of [neo] recolonization" (Turner, 1994: 37). This
statement is particularly applicable to the country of Jamaica. The island has been susceptible to a
variety of neocolonial acts including the presence of multinational corporations, structural
adjustment programs, and loan organizations that have sucked Jamaica's economy dry. This
neocolonial presence has devastated the population in more ways than one. It is apparent that
neocolonialism has had and continues to have a large impact on society as a whole in Jamaica. This
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Profound development began in 1660 when, after a five–year struggle against the Spanish crown,
the British won power. There was a significant rise in population under British control. Their system
allowed the colony to prosper as they gave new European settlers land to cultivate sugar cane and
cocoa. "The European planter has been described as a machine for making money" (Waters, 1985:
22). The purpose of this colonial economic system was to provide raw materials and goods for the
Mother Country. In addition, a general consumer market was developed to send wealth to Europe
and allow for capital accumulation, all for the benefit of the colonizers.
Slavery represents an important part of Jamaican history and the cultivated dominant atmosphere.
For one, plantations highly depended on slave labor to maximize profit margins. Between 1655 and
1808 one million slaves were forcefully brought to Jamaica (Waters, 1985: 21–23). Persaud (2001:
72) suggests, "the plantation system, the totality of institutional arrangements surrounding the
production and marketing of plantation crops, has seriously affected society in Jamaica". In other
words, the slave mode of production was a crucial factor in the establishment of Jamaica's structural
society. "Jamaica's class structure today reflects its history as a colonial plantation society and its
beginnings of industrial development

Aluminium Introduction:
Aluminium
Introduction:
The element Aluminium has a symbol of Al and has an atomic number of 13. It is a very light, soft
and useful metal used for many things such as cans, foil and kitchen utensils. It is a ductile metal, a
good conductor of heat and electricity, does not corrode and is a solid at room temperature. It was
discovered in 1825 by Hans Christian Oersted in Denmark. Aluminium is one of the most used
metals in the world as well as one of the most commonly found metals in the Earth's crust. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Aluminium's chemical properties include a thin coating of oxide that helps prevent the air attacking
the aluminium. If this oxide layer was to be damaged, the oxygen in the air would burn the
aluminium causing a white flame to appear. If aluminium was to be mixed with the elements:
magnesium (Mg), Silicon (Si) or Copper (Cu) it would form a very strong alloy. These alloys can be
used for automobiles and aircraft such as helicopters and aeroplanes due to their high strength. This
is a picture of aluminium at its melting point. http://bit.ly/1fv8kMH Why is Aluminium important to
us and what are the uses?
Aluminium is important to us for many reasons; it plays a part of our everyday lives. It helps us get
to places every day. It is used for automobiles such as cars, aero planes, helicopters, trains, buses,
boats, etc. They use aluminium as it is a light but strong metal. The lighter the metal, the more
energy you will save and the faster you will

Sierra Leone: My Personal Connection With The Country
I chose the country of Sierra Leone because of my personal connection with the country. Sierra
Leone is a small West African country bordered by North Atlantic Ocean, Liberia and Guinea. Sierra
Leone became an independent nation from the British on April 27, 1961. The official language
spoken is a form of broken English called Krio – "English–based Creole, spoken by the descendants
of freed Jamaican slaves who settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for
10% of the population but understood by 95%" (CIA World Factbook). Despite being on the list of
least developed countries, Sierra Leone is richly endowed with natural resources, especially
diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite. You would think

Copper : The Most Valuable Metal Valued More Than Gold
Aluminium is one of the newest metals to be found only discovered in the 19th century with
developments in chemistry and electricity. The late discovery compared to other commonly used
metals is due to the fact aluminium does not occur naturally in its purest form. Because of this
aluminium was very rare making it a precious metal valued more than gold. Nowadays aluminium is
the most abundant metal elements on earth consisting of 8% of the earth's crust. About 41 million
tons is smelted each year and therefore is used in a wide range of applications. From auto bodies to
food and beverage storage eg: soda cans as well as electrical cables to aircraft skins, aluminium is a
very big part of our everyday lives.
The Extraction of Aluminum
Because aluminium doesn't occur in its purest form the production of it relies on the aluminium
oxide (referred to as alumina) from the raw material bauxite. Bauxite is a clay like soil which is
regularly found near the earth 's surface, normally bauxite contains about 30–60% aluminium oxide
(see picture to left). Producing aluminium consists of two parts, the extraction of alumina from the
bauxite and the smelting of alumina to form aluminium.
Once the bauxite is extracted from the earth's crust it is transported to plants where it goes through a
separation process, usually a process called the Bayer Process (Hall–"Heroult method). This
involves crushing the bauxite using grinders to form a powder before mixing it with water to form a

Venezuela Corruption And Corruption
Although Venezuela is in a deplorable state of poverty and ruin due to the corruption and fiscal
irresponsibility of its government, a regime change could return Venezuela to its former glory by
opening its borders to foreign investing and capitalizing on its environmental landscapes to revive
the Venezuelan tourism industry.
The current administration has systematically driven the country into poverty and ruin by
consistently failing to meet the needs of its citizens and by continuing to implement policies that
erode the economy. For instance, the Venezuelan administration's mismanagement of funds by
corrupt government officials resulted in a failure to repay debts to China, which in turn caused
Venezuela's largest creditor to cease any further business deals with the same. Moreover,
government officials including Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, have grown their net worth
while the country's inflation rose a staggering 700% in 2016 as the vast majority (approximately
85%) of the population lived in poverty. The corruption and poor leadership throughout the
government is prominent to the point that the US Department of the Treasury issued sanctions
against President Maduro after holding illegitimate elections to retain power. Additionally, anytime
the population rises in protest, even if peaceful, Maduro's government has reacted by deploying
military forces, often resulting in blatant violations and abuse of human rights that has led to
countless unnecessary civilian deaths. The Venezuelan government's fiscal irresponsibility, bad
economic policy, and limitless corruption has created a financial void of such magnitude that, not
even the country with the largest oil reserves in the world can procure critical medications, food, or
basic necessities for 9/10 of the population. Additionally, hospitals are powerless to administer care;
they are underfunded to the point where patients themselves must bring their basic necessities such
as toilet paper and medications prior to being admitted into medical facilities. Even simple
medications such as antibiotics, cough medicine or eye–drops have to be shipped and sometimes
smuggled into the country because corrupt customs officials illegally confiscate the

Brazil's Governed Under The 1988 Constitution
Brazil is governed under the 1988 constitution. The president, who is elected by popular vote, serves
a four–year term he is in charge of the states and government. There is a two–house legislature made
up of a Federal Senate and a Chamber of Representatives. The 81 senators are elected for eight years
and the 513 representatives are elected for four years. The president may interfere in state affairs.
Governmentally, the country is separated into 26 states and one federal district, each state has its
own governor and legislature. The leading political parties are the Brazilian Democratic Movement
party, the Democrats party, the Democratic Labor party, the Brazilian Social Democracy party, and
the Workers party. Brazil has one of the world's

Indi Similarities And Differences And Contrast India And...
Our task for this term is to compare and contrast Australia and an Asian country. This report will
highlight the similarities and differences between my chosen country India and Australia.
Location And Population
India is located at coordinates of 20.5937° N, 78.9629° E and is 3.287 million km² in landmass. This
is fairly small compared to Australia with 7.692 million km² in landmass. Australia is located at
coordinates of 25.2744° S, 133.7751°E. Further more even though Australia is bigger it still has a
smaller people per km² rate. At 3 people per km² this is miniature compared to India with gigantic
rate of 382 people km².there is also huge difference in population as Australia has 21,508,000 and
India with a enormous population of 1,326,572,000 the difference between these populations are
1,305,064,000.
Flags
The flag of a country is always unique and represents the countries values. India's flag has the
colours green, white and orange going horizontal in this order. In the middle of the white is
something called the Ashoka Chakra it is a 24–spoke wheel that represents the 33 inscriptions on the
pillars of Ashoka. As well as boulders and cave walls the emperor had built. In contrast Australia's
flag is also very unique as it has the Southern Cross and the union jack. The union jack was adopted
from English flag. The union jack is the British flag. The union jack is on the flag because Australia
is still ruled by British Empire. The colours of the Australian flag

Jamaics's Economic Downfall
Initial Conditions
Jamaica approached the International Monetary Fund in 1979 as a result of its chronic balance of
payment issues. This problem was triggered chiefly by the oil crises of the mid–seventies and the
bauxite industry's declining revenues. As a result, producers cut production in response to a
Government imposed ban on bauxite as a form of retaliation.
The government then began borrowing at a rapid pace from the Central Bank and overseas
institutions in an attempt to facilitate and maintain previous levels of spending. By 1977, only
US$30 million was available from the US$120 million in 1975 and Government had run out of
reserves after trying unsuccessfully to ration its supply.
A series of controls that were imposed and aimed at stemming the outflow of reserves, simply
resulted in a large parallel foreign exchange market and the government was eventually forced to
devalue the currency.
With the arrival of the 1980's, Jamaica saw accelerating inflation, falling output, a severe foreign
exchange crisis, and political and social tensions.
Within the five month period between the end of 1987 and May of 1988, there was a 95%
devaluation of the Jamaican dollar. In addition, the external debt increased steadily throughout the
1980s reaching US$4.5 billion in 1989, or equivalent to 125% of GDP.
By the nineties, the situation continued to be unfavorable for Jamaica with balance of payments
problems still existing, depressed growth due to the falling export

Examples Of Informative Speech About Africa
Purpose Statement: Inform my audience about the misconceptions about Africa. Introduction
Attention–getter A. Engage audience in a guessing game with images. B. Reveal answers. Thesis
Statement A.Unbalanced media coverage is to blame for the numerous misconceptions most
westerners have about Africa. Preview 1. I will list and clarify the three common misconceptions
about Africa. Body Africa is a country 1. Africa is the second largest continent . 2. Made up of 54
countries recognized by the AU(Africa Union). 3. Diverse cultures( languages,history,clothing et
cetera). 4. According to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. Because of political apathy for environmental conservation and economic gains. Africa relies
solely on foreign aid because it's poor 1. There's no doubt that some areas in Africa experience dire
economic hardships and foreign aid has helped eradicate diseases such as small pox,measles et
cetera,but Africa's sole dependence on aid is not entirely true. 2.Refer to it as the "Great Paradox"
because in terms of natural resources Africa is the richest continent in the world.Yet still,is the
poorest continent in world. 3.Most African countries are made up of Urban and Rural areas. Urban
areas are cities rife with economic activities e.g. Industries,retail stores et cetera. Rural areas also
have economic activities mostly farming and the sale of

The Blessing Of Africa
"THE BLESSING OF AFRICA"
God had deposited great wealth in Sub Saharan Africa and its lands holds the largest amount of the
world's wealth and treasures. Africa produces and export 60 percent of the world's mineral
resources, and supplies the largest amount of world's precious stones.
The nation of Africa is rich in metals, diamonds, gold, cobalt, beryllium, chromium, manganese,
lithium, radium, oil, vanadium, metric tons, phosphate, copper, dolerite, granite, lead, bauxite,
aluminum ore, Quartzite, and marble mining, platinums, nickel, magnets, coins and batteries, and
uranium that are used for the production of atomic energy (Hobbs, Ashimolowo).
The most beautiful parts of the earth and savanna lands was given to Ham the third son of Noah to
inherit with numerous blessings and great wealth. The descendants of Ham (Africa) has the most
beautiful wildlife reserves that had ever be known to humanity. The greatest collections of animal
species in Africa manifested the beauty of God's creation on earth and the lands also shows great
diversities of flora and fauna in it's forests and oceans. Africa have the longest river in the world and
the third largest reservoir, and its forest produces one of the highest qualities of wood products
known as Mahogany and okoume, and these woods are used for the manufacturing of houses,
musical–instruments and lightweight airplanes, and are currently exported to Europe, Asia and
Israel. The beautiful part of the land given to Ham and his

Research Paper On Gallium
The discovery of such an element as gallium does not come as just any accidental discovery.
Gallium or Ga, atomic number 31 was in a long research process for fifteen years by Lecoq de
Boisbaudran. He had been meticulously studying the spectra of several chemical elements, Lecoq
knew that each and every element produces its very own and distinct pattern of lines when heated,
or spectra. As Lecoq de Boisbaudran continued his drive to learn more of the distinct element
spectra, he distinguished that the element on the periodic table between indium and aluminum was
yet to be discovered. Lecoq de Boisbaudran theorized that with gallium supposedly having an
atomic number of 31, it could be that gallium is contained within zinc, atomic number thirty. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The beginning of a company in Utah was the sole recovery and refinery of gallium from scrap and
impure gallium metals. The entire U.S market value for gallium was priced at only $35 million
although most gallium is imported. The largest production comes from Germany, supplying 26% of
all gallium needs. In second comes Canada with 23%, china with 14%, Ukraine with 12% and 22%
from other sources with a combined total of, on average, 106 metric tons in 2010. Out of all this
production a massively substantial amount, 99%, is in the form of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and
gallium nitride (GaN) most commonly used in

How Does Mining Affect Australian Economy
Aluminium is extracted from the metal ore bauxite. Bauxite is mined in various mines across
Australia. There are two bauxite mines currently operating in Alcoa, Western Australia. These mines
are the Huntly mine, located near Dwellingup and the Willowdale mine located east of Waroona.
Mining and Extraction process of Aluminium
Aluminium is mined on the surface of the crust. The extraction is done by electrolysis. Aluminium
oxide has a high melting point at over 2 000°C, as a result it is expensive to melt it, so, it is
dissolved in molten cryolite.
This diagram shows an aluminium oxide electrolysis tank. both the negative electrode and positive
electrode are made of graphite. Aluminium metal forms at the negative electrodes and falls to the
bottom of the tank, where it is siphoned off. This is how aluminium ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The mining process involves many big vehicles and other technology that release huge amounts of
pollution into the atmosphere speeding up global warming and causing climate change.
How does mining help the Australian Economy
Australia can sell most of what they mine for huge profits as they are nonrenewable resources and
can be used for many different things including jewellry or petrol. Also hundreds of people in
Australia are involved in the mining business so that raises the Australian economy.
Is it in Australia's best interests to mine metals?
I believe that Australia's best interests are not to mine metals, as there are more important issues and
better and more energy efficient ways to save money and power machines. Terrorism should be all
countries best interests as people all over the world are dying and wounded for people's beliefs. Also
solar and wind energy are just two energy efficient ways to power objects. It is better for the
environment than fossil fuels and carries only few

Personal Statement For Civil Engineering

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