3 term Science study Guide - Year 5

1. OUR RESOURCES

2. LESSON 1
Riches in your Backyard

3. What can be done with these materials?
GRAVEL
GOLD
SILVER
Which of them would you choose to have?
Why?
They are all resources.

4. Why is one much more worth than the other,
particularly when the one with less monetary
value seems to have more practical uses?
Let's read page 4!
Answer on your journal:
 How would you think metals became important resources?
 Are there other resources with practical uses?
 Which resources we might run out of?
 What are the effects of using resources? On people? On the environment?

5. Even the most ordinary things around us
are fascinating!
 Look at the photo of the rocks on page 4 and 5. Both are obviously different.
 Why are they different?
 Why is one colored streak in it, while the other has none?
 How did these rocks develop their shapes?
 Where did they come from?
 What might happen to them?

6.  Science is like a game for understanding the world, this game is called.
Scientific Inquiry
 The methods are described on page 5.
 HOMEWORK: Copy it on your journal.

7. Lesson 2
What is a Resource?

8. Journal
Is a book a resource?
(Why or why not)?
Can a person be a resource?

9. Exploration
Page 6
Living things Non-living things
Renewable Non-renewable

10. Let’s watch a video!
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bh5lyOCUcRg

12. Lesson 3 - Part1
How do we mine minerals?

13. How do we remove minerals from the
Earth?
# dig holes
#explosives
#pits
#quarries
Let’s Read pg 8!

14. Ways to mine minerals
Underground mining
 Tunnels and shafts. Miners and their equipment drill into the crust to extract minerals and
chunks of ores.
Surface mining
 Open-pit. Cleaning the surface of Earth of soil, vegetation, and waste rock to collect ore.
Both affect the land by promoting erosion, removing habitats and polluting the environment.

15. Minerals can be metallical and
non-metallicalMetallic
Metallic Minerals:
I. Metallic mineral are those
minerals which can be melted to
obtain new products.
II. Iron, cooper, bauxite, tin,
manganese are some examples.
III. These are generally associated
associated with igneous rocks.
IV. They are usually hard and have
have shines or luster of their own.
V. They are ductile and malleable.
malleable.
VI. When hit, they do not get
broken.
Non Metallic
Non-Metallic Minerals:
I.Non metallic minerals are those
which do not yield new products
on melting.
II.Coal,salt,clay,marble are some
examples.
III.These are generally associated
associated with sedimentary
rocks.
IV.They are not so hard and have
no shine or luster of their own.
V.They are not ductile and
malleable.
VI.When hit, they may got broken
into pieces.

16. THINK AND DISCUSS
Do you think mining is an important
activity? Why?
Do you think mining can cause changes
in the shape of the land? How?

17. Exploration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F11-GE7YWuc
 Let’s read page 9!
 Homework:
answer on your journal:
(due to Sep 21)
Think about the properties
Of gold. For what purposes
could gold be used?

18. Lesson 3 - part 2
How do we mine minerals?

19. Homework checking
 Think about gold properties of gold. For what purposes could gold be used for?

20. Journal
 Vocabulary:
MINE: an opening made in the Earth's crust in order to extract mineral deposits and
stone for building.
ORE: rock containing minerals removed from Earth's crust, which can be processed for
a profit.
SMELTER: a facility where ore is refined with heat.
RAW MINERALS: substances that can be processed or manufactured into something
useful to human beings.
EXTRACTION: removing valuable resources from the Earth.

21. Experiment
This is an imitation of the early mining technique of panning for
gold. We found that the heavier ‘gold' balls remaining in the
pan, while lighter sediment is washed off.
Pieces of gold from an exposed vein are eroded from the side of
a mountain and washed by rainwater into nearby streams and
rivers.
Gold is heavier than sand, silt, or soil.

22. Journal
How do you pan for gold?
Where did the gold in the river come from?
What is a mineral deposit?
Mining different locations will have a greater environmental impact
than mining in only one location

23. What have we learned so far about
mining?
Discuss with your partner (3 minutes).
Write in your journal (individual).
Smelters: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sA5b6irjs0w

24. Homework
Journal
 Write a short paragraph describing one of the processes used
to either remove or refine metallic ores. Include a description
of two or three items made from metallic ores.
 Answer science booklet page 37.

25. Exploration
We are going to buy some "rocks" this rocks are
"ores".
On some "ores" we can find more minerals than
on others.
You will decide the price of the "ores" based on
the amount of "minerals" you might find on them.

26. Lesson 4
How do we use our forests?

27. Why are trees important?
Trees are vital. As the biggest plants on the planet, they give us oxygen, store
carbon, stabilize the soil and give life to the world's wildlife. They also provide
us with the materials for tools and shelter.
Not only are trees essential for life, but as the longest living species on earth,
they give us a link between the past, present, and future.
- See more at
http://www.supporttheroyalparks.org/visit_the_parks/the_regents_park/tree_map/why_
trees_are_important#sthash.pXxSafjL.dpuf

28. Vocabulary
Copy on your journal:
 Equilibrium: a state of balance, in which all opposing forces
are equal.
 Environmental impact: the (usually negative) effects of human
activity on the animal surroundings
 Ecosystems: all the interacting parts of a natural community.

29. Brainstorm
What are the uses of paper in our life?
What might we use if we didn't have paper?
Is the computer replacing paper?

30. Homework
The exploration will be done at home.
You will have one week to make your paper.
We will expose that to the school, so do a good job.
The results will surely be different.
We can color it with coloring food, vegetables,

31. Connection
Let's read page 13
What do we use the various parts of the environment?
Do we re-use paper?
Closer to Home: Let's read page 14/15
What do you know about clear-cutting?
Before, the whole tree was cut down. Nowadays, some of the branches are left on the
ground to decay nutrients to the soil and keep the soil warm during the winter. This also
provides a place for organisms to live.

32. Lesson 5
How are trees processed?

33. Content Background
Even in our world of plastics and other ubiquitous petroleum products, it is
difficult to look around us and not see the products of our forestry industry.
Our knowledge of trees and their many uses has helped to keep us warm and
sheltered, as well providing ways to transport ourselves and our goods. First
Nations people may seem at times to have an almost mystical knowledge has
probably become intuitive for those who still live close to the land, but it is
born of the same skills used by any scientist: careful observations of natural
objects and events, of cause and effect, and of cycles and their meaning. For
example, careful observation has enabled them to harvest the edible bulbs of
the camas, a type of wild lily. They were able to recognize and avoid a very
similar but highly toxic plant called the Death Camas. Even the chokecherry
has poisonous leaves and a pit that contains cyanide. First Nations peoples
harvested the plant in large quantities and were aware of what parts they
could and could not use.

34. Brainstorm
Think of any wooden toys you had when you were younger.
Some of them are now made of plastic.
Despite the fact that we have replaced much of our wood
use with plastic, we still use vast quantities in our daily
lives.

35. Exploration:
Report on your Journal:
• Are you surprised by the number of products you found?
We are so used to seeing a wide variety of such products around us that we often
fail to notice them.
• Has you awareness raised after this activity?

36. Exploration connection
Let’s read pg 17!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqN9BWML4c8
What are the properties of wood that make it appropriate for use in this ways?
(it is Strong, long-lasting, easy to cut, shape, etc)

37. Homework
due to Sep19th
To do activity Exploration on pg 18 we should have a wooded area, but we do not
have it nearby.
So you and you parents are going to complete this together, on the weekend, on the
park, or another tree next to your house.
When you get next to the tree, breath and be calm. And think of this words.
(copy on your journal)
"There is a tree in this area that has been waiting to meet me all its life, and it is much,
much older than me."
Complete, copy and answer the step 2 on your journal. Describe the tree. Discover its
scientific name. Take pictures of this encounter. Draw it on your journal.
Booklet page 39. Read. Choose one of the trees. Search on the internet. Draw how the
tree looks like and write some of the ways it is used.
Poster. Neat. Colored. Beautiful. Name on the bottom right.

38. Exploration connection
pg 19

39. Think!
 It is important to know the properties of different species of
trees because the trees can then be used for the purposes for
which they are suitable. For example, it would not be a good
idea to use hardwood lumber in the pulp and paper industry.
While some softwoods, such as pine, are used in flooring and
furniture, they must be treated carefully as they easily are
gouged and marked. As the chart indicates, First Nations
peoples have a vast knowledge of properties of trees.

40. Lesson 6
What is in those everyday
objects?

41. Brainstorm
Choose an object from your material.
Identify what it is made from.
Is it from a natural resource?

42. CURIOSITY PLACE
Iron is known to have been used in
ancient Egypt as long as 7000 years
ago. The first iron used by humans
probably originated in meteorites
that fell to Earth.

43. VOCABULARY
COPY ON YOUR JOURNAL:
 SOLAR ENERGY: Energy from the Sun that travels through space and can be used to
provide heat and electricity.

44. Exploration page 20
CD - aluminum and petroleum
COMPUTER - gold, silica, nickel, aluminum, zinc. iron, petroleum products and about
30 others minerals
STEREO - gold, iron, nickel, and petroleum products
PEN - limestone, mica, petroleum, clays, silica, talc
BICYCLE - barite, iron, nickel, petroleum products
SKATEBOARD - aluminum, calcite, iron, mica, nickel, petroleum products, clays, silica,
talc

45. Examples of products we use (or encounter)
every day that contain petroleum are:
BUNKER FUEL DETERGENT PLASTICS
JET FUEL DIESEL FUEL HEATING OIL
SYNTHETIC RUBBER- SYNTHETIC
FIBERS- FERTILIZERS & PESTICIDES-
PAINT GASOLINE- PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM
– FOOD ADDITIVES – MAKEUP –
MEDICINE – CANDLES

46. Journal
Why are computers harmful to the
environment?
What is the right way to discard a
computer?
Resources needed to manufacture a
computer

47. Exploration Connection
Not just at the pump!
 Lets read page 21!
 HOMEWORK:
Booklet page 40 + Journal
Choose one product and research on the internet how it is developed from when it is
in the ground to finished product. Make a poster and you will show to your friends
next class.

48. How is Petroleum Obtained?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZ1HIBIIJU0

49. What is petroleum ?
 uAthick, flammable, yellow-to-black mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid
hydrocarbons that occurs naturally beneath the earth's surface, can be separated
into fractions including natural gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, fuel and
lubricating oils, paraffin wax, and asphalt and is used as raw material for a wide
variety of derivative products.
 uThe word petroleum comes from the Latin petra, meaning “rock,” andoleum,
meaning “oil.”

50. How is petroleum found ?
 uPetroleum forms from the interaction of various hydrocarbons, ancient
marine life and certain minerals, such as sulfur, under intense pressure.It is a
fossil fuel that is the byproduct from the remains of bacteria, plants and algae.

51. Where in the world is
petroleum located?
• Conventional oil fields : petroleum is in liquid
and gas form. Most of it is easy to pump to the
surface, as it is initially pressurized enough to
lift itself against the force of gravity. Most of
these oil fields have been found in the Middle
East, although much oil has been discovered
in Texas, Canada, Alaska, Russia, Venezuela,
the North Sea and many other regions.

52. Where in the world is petroleum located?
 uUnconventional oil fields : With the depletion of conventional oil, however, oil
shale is being exploited as a replacement. Oil shale is a solid, kerogen-bearing
rock that is found in wide formations. This petroleum is generally more difficult
to refine than conventional oil because it is thicker, even when liquefied, and
contains more impurities. Shale oil is found in the Bakken formation in Montana
and Favel formations in Canada, it was discovered in the USA recently.

53. Life without oil? Impossible!
 Crude oil is the most important natural resource of the industrialized nations.

54. Uses of oil :
 GASOLINE is the most commonly used product by the world for the
transportation needs.

55.  JET FUEL Kerosene is the standard type of jet fuel.

56.  PLASTICS All plastic, is made from petrochemicals. Every product made from or
containing plastic is a product that exists only through the distillation of
petroleum.
 SYNTHETIC FIBERS Polyester, nylon, and acrylic are all derived from
petrochemicals. They are used for curtains, carpets, rope and even our everyday
clothing.

57.  Growth in Terrorism and Violence due to the desire of powerful countries to
obtain more oil and control the largest oil reservoirs in the world.
 Emission of Harmful Substances like Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Acid
Rain Oil Plants emit harmful substances such as Sulfur Dioxide which cause
health hazards among the surrounding population and Acid Rain. While modern
equipment has reduced the emission of these harmful substances, it is still very
harmful to humans.

58. Exploration
WHY TO DISTIL WATER?
To get rid of the impurities:
once the water is distilled it is pure because it has been vaporized, the impurities in it
do not vaporize and remain in the original container
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qD0QGiKtXM
WE ARE PREPARING THE APPARATUS AND LET IS TO SEE THE WATER DROPLETS
FORMING ON THE PLASTIC WRAP, THEN THEY WILL RUN DOWN AND DROP INTO
THE SMALL CUP. THE WATER INSIDE TEH CUP AFTER A WEEK WILL NOT TASTE SALTY
BECAUSE THE SALT WILL HAVE BEEN LEFTS BEHIND IN THE LARGE BOWL.

59. INFORMATION CONNECTION
LET’S READ PG 23
https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=KCs1F_44dy
4

60. Lesson 7
How do we use our lands?

61. Vocabulary
Harvesting: the gathering in of the
crop; also the yield of natural crop
over one season.

62. Curiosity!
What do you know about Brazil’s growing fruit
induntry?
Over 60%of the food eaten in Brazil is grown in our country. Fruit farming is a small
part of our agricultural industry. It includes floriculture and nursery products, berries,
grapes and the vegetables, mushrooms, grains, oilseeds and forage seeds.

64. Fruits in Brazil
 One of the things in Brazil that people look forward to the most is the fruit. Not
only is the variety of fruit delicious, but it also takes a central role in the daily
cuisine, being served at breakfast, for snacks, and as dessert right after lunch and
dinner.
 Brazil is a tropical country with many different types of land and climates, resulting
in a range of fruit grown, from common fruits that are always around, like
mangoes, papayas, and bananas, to less common ones that you can find during
certain seasons or places, like jabuticaba and atemoia. That’s not including the
approximately 3000 (!) types of fruit that grow in the Amazon. And if you’ve been
to a juice shop in Brazil, you know that it gets even more complicated!

65. Exploration
Which tastes better?
There are more than 7,500 varieties of apples worldwide,
following are the top varieties of apples. The most famous
apple, the Red Delicious, represents about 30% of apples
grown in the world, but accounts for 48% of apples
exported to other countries.

66. Journal – homework
Read page 27.
List the points of information given in
the paragraph about plating and
harvesting.
Ponder: What kind of variables farmers
are unable to control.

67. Harvesting fruit

68. THINK
How is being a fruit farmer similar to being scientist?
Being a fruit farmer is similar to being a scientist. A fruit farmer
needs good observational skills and an awareness of importance
variables. He or she must carry out certain steps in order to
obtain a positive result.