How Did Cleopatra Changed History

How Did Cleopatra Changed History
EXTENSION HISTORY DRAFT
How and why has the depiction of Cleopatra changed over the course of history?
Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of Egypt. She is famous in Western culture because of her alleged
affairs with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony, these affairs are, which over the years have been
famously depicted as political decisions. Cleopatra was a strong, intelligent leader, and was very
good at gaining and keeping political power. She believed that women deserved power as much as
men, since she would not rule Egypt equally with her brother. Primary sources such as paintings and
sculptures have presented her as an extravagant and beautiful woman. In the 20th century
Cleopatra's story was preserved and further developed through film. Many ... Show more content on
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Only selections of coins depict her and a few busts are believed to portray the Egyptian queen, but
these cannot be verified. However, almost everyone in the Western world could conjure a picture of
Cleopatra if asked to do so. But without question this image will be of an actress portraying the
queen on film. Cleopatra has been a central character in over fifteen major films and countless
television programmes. The first cinematic portrayal of Cleopatra was in the silent film of 1917
starring seductive actress Theda Bara. At the time this film was made it was the most expensive film
to be made, this was due to the films opulent sets and costumes. However dues to some of the
costumes the Hay Movie Codes deemed the film risqué the film is partially lost as the last known
prints were burnt by a fire that happened at Fox Studios and Museum of Modern Art in New York.
However a few fragments of the film survived. This may have been the first cause of the dramatic
pattern of change in the perception of Cleopatra as a sexualised entity. Another portrayal of
Cleopatra that has changed the perception of Cleopatra is the 1945 film Caesar and Cleopatra
directed by Gabriel Pascal. The film the first colorized film of Cleopatra, unlike most other versions
of Cleopatra, this version is a romantic comedy that wasn't meant to be historically accurate in
anyway. The 1963 version of Cleopatra is very highly regarded and is the most
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Film : The Stage Of Innovation
Every media goes through a life cycle starting in innovation. Film has been around since the 1800s
and now, in 2015, it is in its adaptation stage. Like many other markets of media, film peaked when
it was making the most money and everyone's attention was on it and eventually declined when a
new media became popular. From being completely new and innovative to repetitive and niche–
oriented, the art of film has lasted over 100 years.
During the mid to late years of the 19th century, a new form of entertainment emerged. Film entered
the stage of innovation. New marketing and technological innovations developed for film to become
the art it is today. In the 1830s, Joseph Plateau designed the Phenakistoscope. This device had a
picture in the middle of a wheel made with mirrors and small openings. When spun, the
Phenakistoscope made the picture appear to move. The name changed to Zoetrope in the 1860s and
producers advertised the product as an accessory every home needed (Dixon & Foster, 2008). Later
inventions that preceded the first motion picture camera include: Henry Du Mont's Omiscope,
Henry R. Heyl's Phasmatrope, Eadweard Muybridge's Zoöpraxiscope, Etienne–Jules Marey's fusil
photographique and Eastman Kodak's chronophotographs (Parkinson, 1996). With a design by
Thomas Edison, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson built the first modern movie camera, the
Kinetograph, in 1890 (Dixon & Foster, 2008). In 1895, Auguste and Louis Lumiére patented the
Cinématographe, a machine that

Women 's Roles Over Time
From silent short films of the 19th century to full length films of the 1920s, women have played
important central roles over time. Women have transitioned from submissive conservative roles to
liberal something. A big part of this is due to the view of women changing in history.
The 1800s was a time of, "advancement, invention and enterprise in the world of moving images."
Thomas Edison, with the help of his assistants, created and patented the Kinetograph and
Kinetoscope in 1891. These tools later created series of still frames that passed at a continuous rate.
Because of the defect persistence of vision, the average person views a moving image. By "1894,
attempts [by Lumiere Brothers] were made to replicate and improve Edison's Kinetoscope design."
During the mid 1800s, a true woman understood her limitations. This included, " modesty,
submissiveness, physical weakness, limited education, and complete devotion to [their] husband."
Any actions that threatened these norms had to be put to a stop. During the late 1800s, there
appeared to be advancements in education and movements for women's rights. Women were
challenging the norms to become more independent. Many women did not want change for the
consequences to come. But as soon as the film industry started, women culture began to reflect roles
of main actresses.
In 1984, a dancer named Carmencita was the first female to be in an Edison motion picture.
Carmencita presents a 21 second dance which was later forbidden to

Fashion Trends In The 1920s
After centuries of reliance on Paris fashion, the 1900s launched the new era that enabled Americans
to break free from outer dependences and to set their own trends in fashion. Right from the dawn of
the new century Americans made a bold move throughout the entire 20th century that marked
revolutionary transformation from the formality of constrictive fashions to casual simplicity we
enjoy today.
Such a remarkable shift would not be possible without huge effect Hollywood had made on fashion
industry. The 1930s marked the rise of American fashion designers who became recognizable over
the course of the decade. Given tremendous impact of Hollywood, the US fashion industry
blossomed for the decades ahead. After World War II, Americans witnessed ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
After the flourishing 1920s, the new decade made the clothing trends more streamlined. Still,
famous Paris designers (Coco Chanel, Elsa Schiaparelli, and Madeleine Vionnet among others),
wealthy socialites, and Hollywood actors (Marlene Dietrich and Gary Cooper) took the lead in
determining the most popular fashion designs. However, over the decade of the Great Depression
lasting from 1929 until 1941, most people could not benefit from the new styles and bold fashion
experiments introduced by the wealthy. Nonetheless, even in those realities people managed to
benefit from several trends and enjoy the new fashions. Most often, under harsh circumstances,
ordinary people came up with their own clothes that required less fabric and were less costly. The
adverse economic effects provoked the launch of the advanced 'ready–to–wear clothing industry'
across the United States capable of producing and selling a wide range of affordable clothes of
various styles and sizes. Given growing demand, the manufacturers imitated the latest Paris fashions
with cheap copies. Rayon and cotton were the cheap fabrics that enabled the supply of new clothing
lines (Scheips 2007).
With the beginning of the World War II in 1939, people have reconsidered their dressing patterns.
Naturally, the clothes became more rational and limited in design. The Nazi occupation of Paris
dramatically shifted the trends in the western fashion

Comparing J. Gordon Edwards And Richard Burton
During the twentieth century, more than twelve directors tried their hand at interpreting one of
history's greatest love stories. Each had their own lense that they used to craft their movie into a
reflection of themselves, their culture, or the time period in which is was created. J. Gordon
Edwards's 1917 film starring Theda Bara was extremely lavish and very risque. The version starring
Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton is known for both their on and off screen romance. Cecil B.
Demille's version of the tragic story was at the height of Hollywood fashion, inspiring stars and the
average woman alike. However, below the surface of Claudette Colbert's shimmering, clinging
wardrobe for the film lies another story entirely. The costumes in Cecil B. Demille's 1934 version of
Cleopatra have influences and symbols rooted in ancient Egypt, but are most heavily influenced by
the art deco of the 1930s. This can be seen in many of her dresses throughout the film, especially
during her dinner with Marc Antony and her surrender to Octavian and the Roman army. One
example of this is in the slinky, gold lamé dress Claudette Colbert dons as Cleopatra plots to poison
Marc Antony. Not only does the figure–hugging gown remind the audience of her role as the
temptress, but it echos strongly of the style of 1930s Hollywood. The ruched front was style that
became popular in 1930s. Several of Madeleine Vionnet's designs feature both a ruched front and
mermaid bottom, which may have served as

Hollywood History
May 2010
[pic]
[pic]
Foreword
1. The beginning of Hollywood
2. The name "Hollywood"
3. The movie of S. Porter – "the father of the Story Film"
4. The Hollywood sign
5. The growing film industry
6. The new Hollywood
7. The beginning of the Academy Awards
8. The Golden Age of Hollywood
9. Hollywood during the War Years
10. Stars
Conclusion
Bibliography
Foreword
I have always been fascinated by the Hollywood's world, a world of mixture between reality and

glittering fantasy, of beauty, glamour, art, a world in which any dream can come to reality.
The word Hollywood conjures the outstanding images of Sunset Strip, Hollywood Boulevard,
Cahuenga Boulevard, La Brea Avenue, of nightclubs, movie ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The name..."Hollywood"!
The name „Hollywood has its origin in a Easter summer, home to a Cahuenga Valley ranch. In the
middle of a sun–drenched nowhere, a sober, God–fearing man and woman settled in to create a like–
minded community. Harvey Henderson Wilcox of Kansas, who made a fortune in real estate even
though he had lost the use of his legs due to typhoid fever, and his wife, Daeida, moved to Los
Angeles from Topeka in 1883. In 1886, Wilcox bought 160 acres (0.6 km²) of land in the
countryside to the west of the city at the foothills, in the Cahuenga Valley at, what is now,
Hollywood Blvd. and Cahuenga Ave. He thought it would be a perfect site for a community that
would reflect his conservative beliefs, and he built his house smack in the middle of a fig orchard.
Accounts of the name, Hollywood, coming from imported English holly then growing in the area
are incorrect. The name in fact was coined by Daeida Wilcox (1861–1914) who travelled by train to
her old home in the east. On the train, Mrs. Wilcox met a woman who described her summer home
in Ohio named after a settlement of Dutch immigrants from Zwolle called "Hollywood". Daeida was
so elated with the name that she "borrowed" it for her ranch in the Cahuenga Valley; when she
returned home she prevailed on her husband to name their property Hollywood. With that simple
exchange, one of the most famous towns in the

The Innovation Of Film In The 19th Century
During the mid to late years of the 19th century, a new form of entertainment emerged. Film entered
the stage of innovation. New marketing and technological innovations developed for film to become
the art it is today. In the 1830s, Joseph Plateau designed the Phenakistoscope. This device had a
picture in the middle of a wheel made with mirrors and small openings. When spun, the
Phenakistoscope made the picture appear to move. The name changed to Zoetrope in the 1860s and
producers advertised the product as an accessory every home needed (Dixon & Foster, 2008). Later
inventions that preceded the first motion picture camera include: Henry Du Mont's Omiscope,
Henry R. Heyl's Phasmatrope, Eadweard Muybridge's Zoöpraxiscope, Etienne–Jules Marey's fusil
photographique and Eastman Kodak's chronophotographs (Parkinson, 1997). With a design by
Thomas Edison, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson built the first modern movie camera, the
Kinetograph, in 1890 (Dixon & Foster, 2008). In 1895, Auguste and Louis Lumiére patented the
Cinématographe, a machine that combined the engineering of a camera and a projector (Bergan,
2006). Businessmen capitalized on the growing need for a place to witness these brand new films,
thus they charged people to see them in their living rooms (Potter, 2014). These creations made
movie–making a reality. Directors during film's innovation period The art of film made it's way into
the penetration stage around the turn of the century and remained there until

The Roaring Twenties: Decade Of Transformation
The Roaring Twenties: Decade of Transition and Transformation The 1920s or The Roaring
Twenties played an important role in American History. It's past and future experienced a dramatic
change, because of how entrenched america was physiologically and culturally, but in the 1920s it
seemed to break its evocative attachments to the recent past and escort in a more modern era. The
most scintillating impressions of that era are flappers and dance halls, movie palaces and radio
empires, and Prohibition and speakeasies. Scientists unraveled boundaries of space and time,
engineers built wonders, aviators flew men, and women were free to work. The country was
confident and rich. But the 1920s were an age of extreme contradiction. The ... Show more content
Progressing on by the growth of an urban, industrial economy that required a larger female labor
force, and by the emergence of public amusements that defied the old nineteenth–century courting
system, many young women now had the wherewithal and drive to lead autonomous lives. And who
was their sole source of inspiration? The iconic, Rosie the Riveter, a cultural model of a perfect
loyal american women. By the dawn of the decade, anywhere between one–fourth and one–third of
urban women workers lived alone in private flats or boarding houses, free from the watchful eyes of
their parents, and as early as 1896, newspaper columnist George Ade used the term "date" to
describe a new convention by which boys and girls paired off to frolic at dance halls, amusement
parks, and other public spaces, free from adult supervision in order to express their love for each
other in ameture way because one thing was for sure that getting intimate in the twenties was not
consider that much of a sin but more like a virtue after all it does involve pleasing the children of
God.
Similarly, how closely associated with the rise of the flapper, the twenties gave rise to a frank,
national discussion about sex and gender education. But this style, too, had been building over time.
As early as 1913, the Atlantic Monthly announced that the clock had tolled "Sex o'clock in

The Power of Cleopatra Essay
How did Cleopatra rise to and maintain her power? Not much is known about her life since she lived
so long ago, but what is known is enough to piece together some of her life story. Cleopatra was a
strong and intelligent woman who made it through all the struggle and strife of the ancient world
until it became too much for her. Cleopatra's reign began and ended with tragedy, but was
maintained by exploited love connections.
Cleopatra VII Philopator was born in 69 B.C. in Alexandria, Egypt. ("Cleopatra: The Woman...")
Her father was Ptolemy XII. Her mother was speculated to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena, who was
possibly her father's half–sister. ("Cleopatra.") She had five siblings which included two older
sisters, two younger brothers, and a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
("Cleopatra: The Woman...") In 49 B.C., Cleopatra was forced to flee to Syria after Pothinus,
Achillas, and Theodotus, who were Ptolemy XIII's advisors, sought to overthrow her. They
convinced the Egyptian people that Cleopatra was the cause of the famine that they were
experiencing. ("Cleopatra.")("Cleopatra VII's Childhood...") She smuggled herself into the royal
palace in a rug to plead her case with Julius Caesar. Cleopatra and Caesar became lovers. Ptolemy
XIII discovered this and declared war on Caesar. Caesar overpowered Ptolemy XIII's army and
Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile River while trying to escape. (Cleopatra: The Woman...")
After Ptolemy XIII's death, Caesar restored Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIV, her youngest brother, as
rulers of Egypt. In 47 B.C., Cleopatra gave birth to a child that was believed to be Caesar's. The
child was Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar, but was known to the Egyptian people as
Caesarion, which means "Little Caesar." In 46 to 45 B.C. Cleopatra, Ptolemy XIV, and Caesarion
traveled to Rome to be with Caesar. He was murdered soon after in March of 44 B.C. They returned
to Egypt where Ptolemy XIV died soon after their return. ("Cleopatra VII's Childhood...") Cleopatra
feared for their lives because of the Caesarion posed to Octavian. ("Cleopatra: The Woman...")
Cleopatra's hold on Egypt was stronger than ever with her son as

Theda Bara, Mortica Addams
Throughout modern history there have been certain characters that personify the very essence of
Goth, for instance Theda Bara [1885–1995], Mortica Addams in the 1960s TV series The Addams
Family, Italian heiress Marchesa Luisa Casati [1881–1957], to more recent iconic Goths like Helena
Bonham Carter and maverick dresser Daphne McGuinness, which has helped inspire individuals
and the movement, to create their own persona and sense of the gothic style. The Goth subculture
can be broadly divided into various subsets which have there own unique characteristics for instance
Cyber Goth, Gothic Lolita and Fetish Goth. In the early days of the movement in the 1980s and
1990s, the Goth subculture fashion drawing heavily on the early fetish, bondage and S&M style for
example straps, buckles, zips, waistcoats, frock coats, corsets, gowns, thigh–high stiletto boots and
hairstyles like backcombing and the Deathawk, take some influence from the punk movement. Ian
Astbury 1997 describes the early fashion characteristics for the beginning of the Goth culture in the
eighties and nineties; "For the male ... black spiky hair and a black leather jacket. For the women ...
black fishnets, black leather thigh high boots ... dark makeup and the big black spiky hair" (History
of Goth:2016). The traditional materials for the Gothic style includes lace, brocade, leather, velvet,
however modern Goths within the various subsets have created new materials such as rubber and
PVC to create their own version of the aesthetics. It could be said Gothic punks like Siouxsie Sioux,
Joy Dividson, Peter Murphy, Sid Vicious and bands from the eighties and nineties ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The eyes are usually accentuated with the use of dark eyeshadow and black eyeliner to intensifying
the sunken deathly dramatic

Cleopatra Research Paper
eopatra become a mythological creature and has been depicted in art ever since. In 20th century,
Cleopatra has been established in moving image form and each Cleopatra film gives the variation of
Egyptian themes. With the help of this film production, Egyptian fashion became viral and earn its
position in fashion world till now. From 1917, the fashion began with Egyptian motifs, sheer, gauzy
skirts and teeny, ornate bra and was just started to move away from the corseted figure. Heavy
Egyptian makeup also adapt to the fashion during 20's. Simple geometry on the luxurious gold silky
skirt, goddess imaginary subjects like peacock, wings as well as gold accessories always become the
remarkable elements for the impression of people in Egyptian ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The historical drama, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1909–1993), starred Taylor as 'Cleopatra'.
(Photo by Silver Screen Collection/Getty Images) picture 4 shows Cleopatra acted by Elizabeth
Taylor during 60s which gets award winning in her costume. This is how Cleopatra was being
dressed in Cleopatra film by Elizabeth Taylor at 60s. The significant blue eyeshadow, sharp edgy
eyeliner, gold accessories and broad shoulder dress clearly shown her characteristic as a Queen, ego
but remain feminine.(Kniveton, 2013) katy–perry–dark–horse–6–video–650–430–jpg picture 5
shows Katy Perry act as Cleopatra and yelling for power in her song" The Dark Horse" In 21st
century, Cleopatra's fashion has not fade and recently it is being applied in famous singer Katy
Perry's album "The Dark Horse". I choose this image as it shows the power of Cleopatra by the gold
made gown, detail and bold! The eye make up also add in little creativity to make this "Ceopatra"
version differ from others. 1013647_10153022521501772_1390502376501493769_n picture 6
shows one of my friend, June in Egyptian Style that inspired by the song The Dark Horse by Katy

1920s Flappers Research Paper
The 1920s was the era of the Flapper. Young women started to cut their hair, shorten their skirts, so
that they could more easily dance the wild, flapping dances of the age (hence the term 'flapper').
They drank and smoked and wore makeup, and went out with boys without a chaperone. They
played sports, golf, tennis, and swimming were all very popular. Sunbathing became popular with
women for the first time. Women enjoyed driving automobiles, and many women took to flying
aeroplanes.
Although many girls still went to college, the number was lower than in the pre–WW1 era, and there
was a decline of interest in careers among young women. Most women worked until they got
married, but far fewer women were interested in staying single and pursuing ... Show more content
The Kimberly–Clark Company had manufactured bandages made out of wood pulp for army
hospitals in World War I. American nurses used them when they had their periods and raved about
their absorbency and disposability. After the war, the firm began selling the bandages under the
name Kotex in pharmacies and department stores. An early ad, signed by a registered nurse, praised
the product's "Immaculacy" and "clean exquisiteness under circumstances which most women find
exceedingly

Theda Bara And The Depictions Of Cleopatra
Depictions of Cleopatra in film and TV series, focus more on the personal aspects of her life, with
little excerpts of her political life being thrown in. Each depiction having undertones, of what is
happening politically, at the time the film was made.
The 1917 Film starring Theda Bara, had all the themes of a contemporary vision of Egypt being,
'exotic and alluring, but also alien and threatening.' (Fear, 2008, AA100 DVD). Shown within its
backdrop imagery, and in Bara's threatening portrayal of Cleopatra. Bara was reputable for her roles
where, sex was used to manipulate men to her will. This being how Bara decided to depict
Cleopatra, with great enthusiasm, the studio used this to promote the film. Politically, at the time of
this film, women's liberation is at the forefront, promoting a strong woman, with her own mind,
wealth and power. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gone is the threatening demeanour, instead using themes of a 'love story that changes history.' (Fear,
2008, AA100 DVD). Now the epic film, is being used as a promotion tool to market hair styles,
clothes and jewellery. The production comes at a time when the working women were on the rise,
having the vote and enjoying pleasures like pre–or extramarital sex. New production codes forced
films to promote marriage and the home, with Catholic Church organisation the Legion of Decency,
putting pressure on film makers, boycotting films that promoted immorality. The historical film
could be used to avoid this, and in Colbert's Cleopatra, these themes can be contained by her death
at the end of the

What Do the Representations of Cleopatra in Film and on...
Part 1
What do the representations of Cleopatra in film and on television (as shown on the DVD video
'Cleopatra') tell us about how her reputation changed over time? Discuss with reference to two or
three representations.
The name Cleopatra invokes a striking image in your mind. The Egyptian queen who took on the
might of Rome. The way we see Cleopatra's character changes in the way she has been depicted in
movies and television across the years. With each different portrayal she reflects contemporary
issues regarding society, the role of women and the historical knowledge available.
The three representations of Cleopatra I will be looking at are the films from 1917 staring Theda
Bara and 1963 starring Elizabeth Taylor and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her skin is darker and her hair is shorter and covered in various head dresses. In character she is
shrews and calculating and unafraid and skilled at using a weapon. This reflects how society has
changed and how the role of women has change over the years. Women are seen as more able equal
in skill and ability to men. It also showed the difference in knowledge of ancient Egypt; still seen as
luxurious the alliance was needed by Rome for strategic reasons.
Whilst all three depictions of Cleopatra show opulence, luxury and a sexually proactive and
powerful stateswoman. It is how perception of these roles has changed over the years which
cultivate the reputation of Cleopatra. From a sexually dominant woman as bad and threatening thing
to a shrewd leader unafraid to use all weapons at her disposal to ensure the strength of her nation
and the continuation of her bloodline.
504 words
Part 2
Read the following passage from Marlowe's Doctor Faustus. Discuss how the passage contributes to
the portrayal of Faustus as a

The Modernization of America Essay
The Modernization of America
The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869. The telephone was invented in 1876. The
first practical system for a radio was developed in 1895. The Wright brothers created a flying
machine in 1903. The first gas powered automobile, the assembly line and the refrigerator were
produced in the early 20th century. These are all very important steps in laying the foundation for
the modernization of America, but I would argue that the first truly modern period in American
history would have to be the 1920s.
The 1920s brought a capitalistic population who, as a nation, leaned toward isolationism. In two
main fields, the 1920s modernized American society to reflect the America of the 21st century ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The decade brought a new openness about sex, and the media did not miss the chance to take part in
this revolution. The movies were very popular and the film stars who were known for being "cute
and innocent," such as "America's Sweetheart," Mary Pickford were replaced by stars who were
"sexy," like "vamp," Theda Bara.
Advertising and the availability of financing brought about a consumer revolution. The new
consumer products appealed to people's social ambitions. Very few of the products were necessities,
but eventually, participating in the consumerism culture became a standard for judging one's value;
rather than religion, character or social standing as it had been before the 1920s.
Business is the other main area that accented the transition to modernization. Big business was seen
throughout the later half of the 19th century, but there was a major shift that changed American
business and employment forever. The 1920s saw more mergers than anytime in American history
besides the 1980s and 90s. Income per capita increased by one–third which increased the standard of
living for many people, allowing more than two–thirds of Americans to have electricity in their
homes by 1929 and other modern household items such as washing machines, irons, vacuum
cleaners, toasters and sewing machines.
Efficiency became a main issue in factories. Henry Ford could produce an automobile in 93 minutes
as opposed to the fourteen hours it took him before. This also

How Did Cleopatra Changed History

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