Framing an Appropriate Research Question 6b9b26d93da94caf993c038d9efcdedb.pdf
The Wage Gap, Worker Discrimination And Varying...
1. The Wage Gap, Worker Discrimination And Varying...
In terms of attributing to the wage gap, worker discrimination and varying preferences occurs
largely based on views surrounding what jobs are male or female dominated. Although worker
discrimination and wage discrepancies are a reality in Brazil, the labor market conditions for women
are becoming better over time. Despite gender segregation in the labor market, the wages of women
are sometimes evenly or positively affected. For instance, "For industries and occupations where
women receive higher remuneration than men, we observe that women have higher education levels,
indicating that their higher remuneration is due to individual characteristics" (Madalozzo 165). Even
though a positive correlation has been observed regarding women's education level and wage, in
general, men still benefit more based on their individual characteristics, which is why they are
generally paid more. According to Madalozzo, "This difference in pay is decreasing but was still a
significant 15.4 percent, on average, in 2007," and "...the present study improves the quantification
of this wage gap, showing that the trend of a decreasing gap remains, but is losing pace overtime"
(165–66). In order to combat the presence of the wage gap, policies regarding bettering women's
education and incentivizing women to enter the labor market should be implemented because the
current system discourages women to enter the market. According to Galor and Weil, "...increasing
women's relative wages reduces fertility by
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2.
3. The Social And Economic Aspects Of Labor Overseas
For the past few years there has been a rise of awareness of major western corporations that tend to
exploit their workers in third world countries. On one hand it's significantly cheaper having labor
overseas than back home, but the treatment of these workers ' is unjust. All these major companies
care about is making a quick buck, they could care less how these workers are treated, the
conditions they work in, and how it is affecting their way of living. The way these major companies
treat their workers not only affects them emotionally, but also affects their life in the social and
economic aspect.
Worker exploitation has always been present in societies all over the world, but more specifically in
third world countries as of late. Many of these major western companies, such as the fashion
industry, take advantage of the cheap labor that is provided overseas. On one hand it's beneficial for
companies in an economic aspect to use labor overseas, but in a social aspect it's very detrimental to
these very same societies. These major companies essentially come into these individuals lives and
take control of every aspect of it economically, socially, and psychologically. In fact, with such a
rise in worker exploitation it has even been considered as a term for modern–day slavery.
Furthermore, the reasoning behind this assumption is that the exploitation of workers as modern–
day slavery is due to the circumstances these workers must deal with. One aspect is that due to their
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4.
5. Construction Wages During The United States Essay
Construction wages in the United States are increasing. with wWages are expected to rise 2.4% in
2015. Skilled–trade workers' wages are rising even more rapidly at 4.6% this year. Unemployment
rates in construction are decreasing and the pool of available workers is shrinking., which has
resulted in a higher demand for skilled workers from a smaller construction labor force . This has
caused is causing a shortage of skilled workers and an upward pressure on wages to
increaseincreasing upward pressure on wages. One potential area of relief is the growing movement
by state governments to repeal prevailing wage laws. Prevailing wage laws ensure that government
contractors pay workers at a pre–determined level based on location and trade. These wages tend to
be higher than the market wage and increase labor costs for government contractors. The one relief
that many contractors have is the increasing number of states beginning to repeal the prevailing
wage laws, which will help stop the increase in construction wages and may even cause a downside
wage correction. With construction wages on the rise, state governments repealing prevailing wage
laws may take some upward pressure off of construction wages and lower labor costs.
IHS compiled a dataset of prevailing wages amongand market wages electricians and market wages
among electricians. In comparing the regional market wages for electricians to their prevailing wage
rates We we found that prevailing wage premiums were
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6.
7. Economic Effects Of Child Labor
ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS OF CHILD LABOR Various economic principles and perspectives have
been employed to shed light on the issue of child labor. From a demographic viewpoint, children
form an integral proportion of the global population. Child labor impacts both psychological and
physical health of young people in society (Adeoye et al., 2017). In this respect, it is one of the most
significant factors the influence death rate, population growth rate, and life dependency in many
countries. It is true to project that the number of productive adults is likely to decline if the future
generations are continuously subjected to forced labor and psychological trauma in their childhood.
Health is another lens through which the problem of child labor can be viewed. Health economists
posit that the perpetrators of child labor are gradually converting adolescents from being active
producers of good health to passive consumers of health care services in the future. Arguably,
passive consumption of healthcare services is no doubt one of the drivers of the ever–increasing
annual healthcare expenditure globally. According to Krauss (2017), the aggregate labor
productivity is a function of reward, skills, technology, and health of employees. This argument
finds life in the classical view of labor supply and its contribution to the aggregate production
function. Classical economists such as David Ricardo and Adam Smith maintained that the income
of laborers forms an essential component of a
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8.
9. A Common Explanation Of The Crisis Of Labor Movements
"A common explanation of the crisis of labor movements is that the hypermobility of productive
capital in the late twentieth century has created a single labor market in which all the world 's
workers are forced to compete. "(Silver, 2003, p3) This statement suggested that the single labor
market causes the employers to hire the enormous amount of unorganised workers due to the
production line demand more workers. For instance, the new president of Unite State (U.S.), Donald
Trump, claims "Reducing taxes from 35% to 15% will be a job creator" (Donald Trump, 2016). By
doing this, it has the huge positive effect on companies, small and big businesses. Since the
reduction in taxes drops 20%, the companies can use that 20 % to move production line back to the
country and hire the same amount of workers or even more.
Silver structured the book into five sections introduction, labor movements and capital mobility,
labor movements and product cycles, labor movements and world politics and contemporary
dynamics in worldhistorical perspective. The first section the writer briefly explain what cause the
labor movement and what impact has it bring into the industries. Next section, she analysed the
unstable of world scale dynamics of labour. Till this second section, the readers have understood a
bit more about labor movements, focused on the leading capitalist industry of the twentieth century.
The third part she used "The Automobile
Product Cycle" graph as a description that vary of
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10.
11. Taking a Look at Labor Economics
Assignment 2 Labor economic A); the mincers equation is a human capital earnings function which,
was founded yearsago. Jacob mincer (year) published his familiar sight book on schooling,
experience and earnings and had a profound with lasting influence on empirical work in the field of
labour economics. However his equation has been examined on many datasets. In Pereira (2001) he
explained that wage equations have been thoroughly researched over the last decades. The equations
have been estimated using all or some of these variables in different combination from the
econometrics textbooks and that the model causes bias in the coefficients estimated. Mincers
framework captures two distinct economic concepts (a) a pricing equations or hedonic wage
functions revealing how the labour market rewards productive attributes like the schooling and the
work experience and (b) the rate of return to schooling which can be compared with the interest rate
to determine optimality of human capital investments (Lemieux, 2006). The mincers wage
regressions disregards the endogeneity of the post schooling human capital accumulations and treats
schooling and training symmetrically. More precisely the mincerian approach usually ignores the
possibility that schooling may change the on the job human capital accumulation process and these
refinement would either require the joints modelling of the schooling and training or the non
reparability between schooling and experience. In Rosenzweig and
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12.
13. Increasing Minimum Wage For Women And Young Employees
In today's society where men and women are considered equal, there still exist discrimination
against women in relevance to pay gap. Although there are a considerable amount of solutions being
applied to eliminate the issue of gender pay gap such as protective laws by the government, there
would still exist several remaining problems concerning pay discrimination. This essay is going to
discuss whether or not the solution of increasing minimum wage for women and young employees
could reduce the issue of income inequality such that it would improve all salaries from different
occupations, help single mothers to support the family, and reduce youth unemployment. The first
result from the solution of increasing minimum wage is improving all salaries from different
occupations. Over the last 25 years there have been several changes in employment pattern between
men and women, conceding that there are an average of one third of female workers are occupying
professional jobs which require a more advanced skills by 2004 (Australian Bureau of Statistics,
2006). It can be seen that female employees does not occupy a certain group of occupation, but a
diverse types of employment. In addition to female workers occupying various kinds of jobs, issues
affecting female labor such as gender income inequality would cause a broad range of consequences
to female employees, which could be reduced by increasing minimum wage. Moreover, increasing
all salaries in all occupations could be the
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14.
15. Reflective Essay: Labor Economics Class
The favorite courses I took in graduate school were my labor economics classes, and I eventually
got to be Prof. Jesse Rothstein's teaching assistant (TA) for one semester of the sequence, which was
focused on the economics of education. This course was offered for graduate students from four
different departments, Economics, Public Policy, Business and Epidemiology. My job as TA was to
get all students to the same page in econometrics in office hours and to help them understand of
economics research papers, write their referee reports, research proposals and replication projects.
Last fall, I had the opportunity to be a teaching assistant for Prof. David Card's Applied
Econometrics class, which was a small–size, honors class, taught way beyond the undergraduate
level. This was the Professor's brand new course, covering machine learning techniques as well. My
co–TA and I were not only responsible for teaching the discussion sections, but also for working out
the material for them. All these experiences greatly shaped my ideas about ... Show more content on
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In 2012, I was also invited to hold a 3–day, methods–intensive summer school to BA/MA students
in Hungary about Human Capital Development in Childhood, an area I have done research in. For
that, I came up with my own syllabus, covering topics about the determinants of student
achievement and related causal inference questions. Also at Rajk College, I was a member and later
the head of the Academic Board, whose primary job was to conceptualize and organize economics
and other social studies courses for our 90 members. This experience together with the many
semesters I was a TA for different statistics and econometrics classes at Berkeley makes me
qualified and eager to help design syllabi for a program in Quantitative Methods, an area that
inspired me to become an empirical
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16.
17. Analysis Of European Commission Sponsored Information...
The authors conducted both a qualitative and content analysis of European Commission sponsored
information pamphlets and campaigns aimed at general European audiences. The results reveal a
consistent neo–liberal message. Interestingly, the authors found the origin of this message in an
'ovular ' report by Évelyne Sullerot in 1970 on the dangers of women staying out of the labor
market. The Sullerot report determined that women's entry into the workforce was necessary for the
economic growth of the European Union as a way to create a competitive economy, growth overall,
and to combat an aging population and a dwindling labor supply. This message is echoed throughout
the next thirty years of the EU 's informational campaign aimed at society in general and women in
particular. Furthermore, in the EU's promotional materials exhorting women to work, there is no
pretense that the push for equality is for women's benefit. Instead, the materials explain that equality
is a pre–condition for economic growth. Additionally, social welfare policy is not to benefit society
or even the ill and infirmed, but to allow women entry into the work force. By the same token, the
emphasis on work/life balance and encouraging men to do an increased share of housework is
framed as a way to get women out of the house and into the work force. The section begins with an
overview of the research approach, and a discussion of the Sullerot report followed by analyses of
the subsequent EU information
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18.
19. The Effects Of Minimum Wage From A Microeconomic Perspective
The Effects Of Minimum Wage From A Microeconomic Perspective
Nathaniel Fishburne
Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University
Introduction
The first minimum wage law was implemented in New Zealand and Australia in the late 1900s. In
1940s, George J. Stigler founded the first standard model of minimum wage. The model predicts
that the minimum wage system. It set above equilibrium wage level, would create unemployment
because some previously employed labors lose their jobs while some find it is not worthwhile to
work at the minimum wage that is above competitive wage (Stigler, 1946, p. 361). Ehrenberg and
Smith define the minimum wage as a policy that compels the employers to increase wages paid to
all low–wage employees (2006). According to Lee, minimum wage is the minimum level of
payment recognized by law for work performed (Lee, 2002, p.1). However, the fact remains that a
minimum wage has social and economic effects, the dynamics that will be discussed in this paper.
Till now, more than 95% of all countries around the globe have adapted minimum wage as their
primary wage policy. The objective of minimum wage is to allocate income without rescinding the
jobs of low paid employees. Nevertheless, there is no agreement about the effect of minimum wage
on employment. A large number of studies on the impact of minimum wage on unemployment
suggest different findings and result on ho minimum wage affect the level of employment in both
developed countries and developing
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20.
21. Economic and Labor Issues
NooneyBSKS7000–7 Barbara A. Nooney Northcentral University NooneyBSKS7000–7 XYZ
Construction, Inc. (XYZ) is expanding into Canada, Mexico and Asia prior to its initial public
offering, which it would like to make in twelve months. Considering microeconomic and
macroeconomic factors, legal and contractual issues, and employment and labor issues will assist
XYZ in developing a strategic plan to successfully launch its IPO. Microeconomics is basically the
study of supply and demand in the marketplace (Wikipedia, 2010). Being a horizontal construction
company, XYZ needs to consider its competition, the demand for its services and the amount of
those services that they can supply utilizing their current capacity and resources. My ... Show more
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Exchange rates will affect the cost of raw materials, transportation of goods, and labor costs. These
costs also affected by government budget deficits, trade policies and political instability (Cengage,
2009). Government budget deficits have a direct effect on interest rates (Cengage, 2009). Interest
rates affect the amount of loanable funds and the costs of these funds (Cengage, 2009). XYZ will
need to consider the cost of various government deficits on the financing costs of equipment and
facilities when expanding into different foreign and domestic markets. Another effect of government
policies is trade policy. Trade policies are developed by foreign and domestic governments in an
effort to influence net imports or net exports (Cengage, 2009). Two common policies are the use of
tariffs and import quotas. As XYZ expands into Asia, Mexico and Canada it will want to factor the
costs of tariffs and the possible effects of the limitations of import quotas. What is interesting is that
the basic premises of supply and demand, imports and exports, equilibriums and trade balances are
all meant to lead to an efficient market place (Cengage, 2009). Tariffs, wage restrictions, quotas and
other such policies can create inefficient markets. So XYZ will have to take the basic study of
economics and then apply the effects of various trade policies and restrictions. Another factor of
government that influences the
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22.
23. Economic Effects Of Labor Abuse
Economic Effects of Labor Abuse
Many companies state that labor exploitation is necessary in order to increase corporate profits
however; the amount of increased profits is small. According to David Barboza (2008), a writer for
the New York Times and winner of the Pulitzer prize for international reporting, "In 2007, factories
that supplied more than a dozen corporations, including Wal–Mart, Disney and Dell, were accused
of unfair labor practices, including using child labor, forcing employees to work 16–hour days on
fast–moving assembly lines, and paying workers less than minimum wage. (Minimum wage in this
part of China is about 55 cents an hour.)" The amount of savings seems huge with minimum United
States wage around eight dollars an hour; however, very little of the price increase makes it to the
consumers. According to B. Powell and M. Zwolinski (2011), professors at the University of Boston
and San Diego respectively, estimate that "for US and Mexican firms, a 100% wage increase would
only require a 2–6% increase in the retail price of the garments. U.S. consumers were generally
willing to pay between 15 and 25% more to ensure that products were not made under sweatshop
conditions." The small amount of price increase to the consumers illustrates how companies will not
be significantly affected by the increase in labor cost, since the exploitation of laborers is only for a
small personal gain the conditions in which people work need to be more strictly
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24.
25. Raising The Minimum Wage Increase Essay
Analysis of Policy There have been discussions about whether to raise the minimum wage to either
$9.00, $10.10, or $15.00 per hour. The minimum wage increase is supposed to be the first step to
solving the income inequality problem in America and a step towards economic growth in America,
by helping to stimulate the economy. Research into the effects of the wage increase shows, to me,
that a higher minimum wage does not cause a drastic change in unemployment. It does increase
productivity, and will address the growing problem of rising income inequality. I have included both
the positive and negative sides to increasing the minimum wage, within this paper.
Heather Boushey, Executive Director and Chief Economist said, "The best way to fight poverty is to
make sure people have jobs with decent wages that put them above the poverty line (Boushey,
2014)." Meaning that raising the minimum wage would help to reduce poverty. Raising the
minimum wage to $10.10 an hour will reduce the poverty rate for non–elderly Americans to 15.8
percent from current 17.5 percent (Boushey, 2014). This increase would bring about 6.8 million
people out of poverty.
Concurrently, a 2015 Purdue University study found that raising the wage of fast food restaurant
employees to $15 per hour would result in a price increase of 4.3% and 25% respectively, or a
reduction in product size between 12% and 70 (Boushey, 2014). NBC News found that the price of a
cup of coffee went up by 10% to 20% in Oakland,
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26.
27. Benefits Of Raising The Wage In Pdx
How to raise the wage in PDX:
First we will have to convince the business owners of tipped workers, ie. servers, bartenders, and
valet services. The President supports raising the minimum wage, but nationwide, hopefully to
$10.10 per hour. The problem is the republicans in congress keep delaying the process.
In Portland, business owners are worried that raising the minimum wage will make the Portland
tourist industry drop.
One way to raise the minimum wage today, not tomorrow, is by petitioning by marching in public
for your cause. In this situation, you would gather group of people and create some way of
spreading the word of raising the minimum wage to passers bys. You would then march down the
street, spreading the word about minimum wage change. Another way to raise awareness about
minimum wage change is to have a group of people sign a petition explaining to elected officials
that this is what you want, and we hope you will support us in raising the minimum wage. ... Show
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We must make sure that the small franchises, that may only have a small amount of workers, aren't
put out of business by financial change. The line is split directly down the middle, one half saying
that the minimum wage should be raised and the other knowing that if the raise happens, many small
businesses will collapse with the financial
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28.
29. Unit 101 Mcdonalds
The Mcdonalds in Britain went on strike in hopes for an increase in pay and to end so–called zero–
hour contracts that offer no fixed hours and more trade union recognition. The strike coincides with
the Mcdonald's strike happening in Belgium and the USA. In Britain, it was fourteen workers from
two separate Mcdonalds that went on this strike.
The two main issues that caused the strike was, issues with pay and zero–hour contracts. They want
their pay to go from 7.50 Pounds to 10 Pounds. As well they wanted to end zero–hour contracts.
Zero–hour contracts are also known as casual contracts this means; they are on call to work
whenever they are needed, you do not have to give them work, they do not have to do work when
asked. They do still get ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I agree that a flexible contract is more practical for most the workers as it more just a part–time job
for many. However, a union representing the workers said he wanted trained shop stewards in the
McDonald's as a result of two managers in the Cambridge Branch were suspended due to bullying
and harassment this year. The leader of Britain's main opposition Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn
commented that he supported "the brave McDonald's workers, who are making history today. They
are standing up for workers' rights by leading the first–ever strike at Mcdonalds in the UK''. I think
that after hearing about this strike in the news from Belgium and the United States strike it will open
the eyes to many more McDonalds workers who are looking for a change. I think the strike affects
the customers as well as other workers. With the 14 workers on strike, it meant fewer workers in the
McDonald's which would mean slower orders being done and less cleaning. I think especially places
that are time sensitive having everyone on board is key as angry customers will eventually result in
no customers, which results in no money. John Dunlop's "web of rules" is a perfect example of this
issue with substantive norms: wages and wage rates, working hours, OSH regulations,
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30.
31. The Effect Of Minimum Wage On The Economy Of The United...
In a world governed by the rule of currency has major effect toward the amount an individual owns.
In the world economy labor is required in order to supply services to whomever is willing to buy.
The amount of money distributed and earned throughout the economy feeds the nation 's GDP which
shows the stability of the overall economy of that nation. There is an imaginary cycle that must be
established in an economy in order to balance both labor and revenue in order to stabilize a country
economy. Labor is an important service that must be available and balanced in an ever growing
population. For example there cannot be a larger number of residents than there is labor or else there
will be a definite increase in poverty. In the United States there is a set law of minimum wage which
has an effect on companies and how they manage their labor force. The increase of the minimum
wages will affect the overall distribution of hours available therefor hurting the amount of labor
needed. Minimum also has a major effect on teenagers who are just beginning to work. If the
minimum wage rises there will be an increase in an unemployment. If unemployment suffers the
first to be affected will be teenager who are looking for jobs and work experience which will be very
important in their near future. The upside of minimum wage is that for those employers who keep
their jobs they will earn more income which may increase the distribution of earnings in the
economy. I believe that if the
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32.
33. The Pros And Cons Of Minimum Wage
Minimum wage in the US
Minimum wage is the amount of money an individual can be paid an hour. Currently as of January
1st, 2017, the federal minimum wage value sets around $8.90 an hour. With the whole nation's
minimum wage value is determined by the federal minimum wage. Raising the price of minimum
wage is a topic that has been discussed and debated on for many years. Although it might seem nice
to be making more money each year flipping burgers without a college degree, there are factors that
must be examined. These factors consist of positive and negative aspects that is has on society when
raising the value.
In James Sherk's article, "What is Minimum Wage: Its History and Effects on the Economy," he
discusses the history behind minimum wage. Shrek is a Senior Policy Analyst in Labor Economics
at The Heritage Foundation. Shrek states in his article that minimum wage was first created in 1938,
which was part of the Fair Labor Standards Act. The first time the bill was passed, workers started
out by getting paid $.25 an hour. In the year 2007, employees were getting paid $5.15 an hour.
Following that, in 2009, the value of minimum wage was raised to $7.25 an hour. The Congress
used to decide when to raise the value of minimum wage when the economy was doing well and
when there was a low unemployment rate (Sherk, 2013). You can see that the value of minimum
wage has increased throughout the years.
Following that, Gene Sperling and Alan Krueger, discussed in their article,
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34.
35. China's High Dependence On Child Labor
Child labor is a commonplace in China. Most of the children in China, families work income is
dependent on their family's survival. Child labor is a major issue throughout the global economy,
especially in developing countries like China. Although, China has anti–child labor laws, many
children in China are forced to work against their will. China is the home of many poor families and
some of these families force their children to work because of their struggle with poverty and their
lack of income. China's urban poverty is mainly related to the living conditions of migrant laborers
(Huang, 2012, p. 36). Many children start work at twelve years of age and younger and do not get
the opportunity to finish school. These children have to work ... Show more content on
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Having these young children working instead of being in school becoming educated, hinders China's
future development. Attendance at many China schools are declining, since children start to work in
fields and factories at a younger age each year. Many children lie about their age or falsify their
birth certificates to be able to work in factories with no overtime pay and late night shifts. There are
many reasons children begin work at such a young age in China, but one reason these children are
taking part in the work force at a young age is because they can't afford the school cost. Some social
implications are the family's financial standing, the Chinese cultural beliefs, and the lack of
government actions. Child labor in China is a major problem that has existed for many years, but it
still has not been acted on completely. Even with the many child labor laws, the Chinese
government has not yet buckled down on child labor. Although collective bargaining is allowed
under the current labor law, an independent union movement capable of negotiating workers'
interests claims does not yet exist in China (Oakley, 2002, p. 70). The Chinese government seems to
have a soft enforcement when it comes to child labor. Child labor has been banned largely and has
become very limited, however lately it has emerged again in a few factories that manufacture
electronic products. To hire a child
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36.
37. Wage Gap Between Men And Women
Now seeing me as a women today being only looked at as the equivalent of a slave is ludicrous
(Spiegel, pg. 16). According to Spiegel there are three different explanations of why there was a
wage gap between men and women. The three explanations are the women are concentrated in jobs
that require less education or skills than men, women might receive lower pay than me for identical
work, or women might be doing different work than men, but work that is comparable in term of the
training required and the complexity of the task, and receiving lower pay for this work (Spiegel,
pg.16).
From the times of women struggling to vote there has been strides made for women and wages.
"Equal Pay for Equal Work" is a slogan that can be traced back to the 1930s. The slogan is also very
ambiguous. It was thought that a woman's wage was earned because she was trying to supplement
those of other family wages earned. The decision as to who would and would not earn a wage
regulated by the family unit. The wage belonged to her family. (Keesler–Harris, pg. 8). Typically a
woman's wage was legally the property of her husband or father (Kessler–Harris, pg. 9). I honestly
couldn't imagine going to work and them giving my earnings to my father. Actually when I think
about it... much hasn't changed about that. What would be the difference in being a married women
in this day and age a using some of your earnings to support your family. You may place half your
pay check in a joint bank account that
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38.
39. America, Land Of The Free And Birthplace
America, land of the free and birthplace to the largest discount retailer in the world. After its start up
in 1962, Wal–Mart Supercenter has since become a household name in the United States and many
other countries across the world (Frank, 1). The corporation's biggest appeal is its low prices and
large number of products compared to those of competing stores, such as Target and Fred Meyers.
Due to this fame, the Walmart name tends to be surrounded by a lot of press coverage and
controversy. This fact seems to be no different for magazines like, The Economist, which recently
published an article examining the company 's decision to raise wages and how it will affect the rest
of society, as well as what it means for the future of Walmart. While the conclusion of the article is
legitimate, the author 's lack of reliable sources, confusing subject changing and missing
information, diminish its value as a reputable source of information. Using reliable resources during
research for an article or paper is the number one rule instilled in us during high school english
classes, which is something the author of this article seems to have forgotten. This article attempts to
astound readers with the numbers regarding the average hourly wage between Walmart workers
versus nationwide numbers at other businesses and how these compare to the new wage changes
being set by the company, which is given as, "In 2014 the average hourly wage of an American
cashier was $9.93. According to
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40.
41. Tighter Big Business From Abusing Their Power
America was one of the first few countries that started to industrialize. Throughout the industrial
revolution, technology flourish and a new era began. Farms were demolished and farmers moved
from the countryside to the urban areas. Factories opened up to recruit more workers. The increased
in job opportunities have lured many immigrants to the United States. With the increase in economic
growth, the gap between the wealth and the middle class widen and a new class was introduced
known as the working class. This was the start of capitalism and in this period of time it was also
known as the "gilded age" that Mark Twain introduced, where the corrupt side of society was
covered with a thin sheet of gold. Under, all that wealth and luxury ... Show more content on
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This allowed the economy to bloom.
However, it has also created room for corruption. In a scholarly journal, Information, markets, and
corruption: Transcontinental railroads in the Gilded Age, White Richard stated that corruption
"consisted of quotidian faults–lying, deception, and dishonesty–played out largely on paper and
along telegraph lines" (White). These wrongdoings allowed trustees to use their personal advantages
to further corrupt society and as an outcome children and adult workers suffer. At the beginning of
the industrial revolution in America, laws that prevented children from working was not established,
and this allowed businesses to utilized children as an inexpensive form of labor. By the 1900s there
were over one million children working in the labor force. Most of those young workers were from a
poor or immigrant family. They were put to work at an early age usually between five to sixteen
years old. In the article, "The History of Child Labor During the American Industrial Revolution" by
Jennifer Wagner, discusses about how most of these youngsters worked in unsafe conditions in:
...textile mills, coalmines, flourmills, machine shops, garment factories, tobacco factories, shoe
factories, and carpet plants, in order to provide a source of income for their families. In numerous
industries children labored around unsafe machinery. Children labored for many hours, but received
wages that were much lower than those received by adult laborers for comparable
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42.
43. Confucian Beliefs And Its Impact On Society
For much of history, income levels were low, lives were short and there was little or no economic
growth. With a higher investment into human capital, specifically higher education, an attempt to
increase income levels and overall lifestyle is observed. According to the Oxford English
Dictionary, the term "Human Capital" refers to "the skills the labor force possesses and is regarded
as a resource or asset." Essentially, it identifies that there are investments made in people and these
investments can positively affect an individual's production.
Generally, higher education is linked with higher wages, however the returns to education are
different across various racial groups. Although, Confucian beliefs strongly influences Asians to
have a greater desire for education, as it equates to prestige, it is Whites that have always been able
to maintain a higher living standard than any other racial groups, especially in comparison to
Blacks. This is partially due to individual characteristics, but also due to the residual, the part that
cannot be explained by observable characteristics and this is due to labour market discrimination.
Labour market discrimination stems from the fact that different groups of workers; skilled or
unskilled, female or male, black or white, can all receive different wages. Economists are to think
first of all the differences in productivity, however the notion of discrimination brings to the
forefront a personal characteristic valued on the
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44.
45. Minimum Wage Policy Analysis
Since the enactment of the Fair Labor Standard Act in 1938, the minimum wage rate has been cause
for much discussion. In more recent years, the public has made a push to raise the minimum wage to
$15.00 an hour. During his State of the Union address, President Obama, shared his views when he
stated "... And to everyone in this Congress who still refuses to raise the minimum wage, I say this:
If you truly believe you could work full–time and support a family on less than $15,000 a year, go
try it. If not, vote to give millions of the hardest–working people in America a raise." Pennsylvania
Governor Tom Wolf has made it well known that he wants to raise Pennsylvania minimum wage to
$10.15(Ye Hee Lee, 2015). Early this year, Gov. Wolf signed an ... Show more content on
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During his campaign he promised that if re–elected, he would find a way to protect American
workers (Grossman,?). In 1937, President Roosevelt proposed a Judicial Procedures Reform Bill or
commonly known as his "court packing plan", which would add more justices to the court. The Bill
would grant the President power to appoint a maximum of six addition Justices, one for every
Justice over the age of 70. President Roosevelt planned to use this strategy to push his agenda,
unfortunately it did not work. The case, of West Coast Hotel Company v. Parrish brought hope to
labor reform. The Supreme Court "reversed its course" when the court actually up held Washington
minimum wage law. This case, often referred as the "big switch, or "the switch in line" was an
important event; it encouraged more legal support for Fair labor standards. After the success of the
big switch, and the unfortunate failure of one of two bills locked away inside Secretary Perkins'
desk. The President decides to try once more, with Secretary Perkins last secret weapon. This labor
standard bill was drafted by the Secretary of Labor Perkins with help from Sidney Hillman, the
founding president of the clothing workers of America and co–founder of Congress industrial
organization (CIO) (Samuel, 2000). On May 1937, the President Roosevelt, along with the
American Federation of Labor President, the Secretary of Labor, and John Lewis leader of the CIO
gathered to deliberate on the labor standards bill (Samuel,2000). On May 22, 1937, the President
presented the Black Connery bill (Samuel, 2000). The bill would provide a 30 Hour work week, 6
hour days at 40 cents an hour minimum wage (Samuel, 2000). The bill did not receive as much
support as the President hope for, but contrary to opposition the passed the Senate (Samuel, 2000).
The bill, however never made it the House, it was purposely help
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46.
47. Pros And Cons Of Minimum Wage
A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers must legally pay their workers for their
services. It is an example of a price floor below which workers may not wish to sell their labour
legally. The purpose of minimum wages is to protect workers against low pay. They help ensure an
equitable share of profits and a minimum living wage to all who are employed. Minimum wage can
also be one element of a policy to overcome poverty and reduce inequality, including those between
men and women, by promoting the right to equal pay for equal value of work.
This paper will discuss the pros and cons of minimum wage from the perspective of the Seafarers,
Employers(Shipowners) and the government, keeping all the theories of microeconomics and ...
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Shipping being such a large industry with over 1.6 million seafarers globally, consisting of both
officers and ratings from countries such as China, Philippines, Russia, Ukraine and India supplying
the largest number of seafarers to the industry. The number of seafarers have been predicted to grow
in the future with an increase in demand for both officer as well as rating.
To gain better understanding about the role minimum wage plays in the shipping industry we must
gain knowledge about the different players in the maritime industry and their roles.
In the early 20th century many shipowners, to reduce their costs decided to register their ship in
countries which had minimum or weak regulatory system and to avoid union and with the advent of
Panama and Liberian registries the shipowner's decided to register ship with registers known as
Flags of Convenience (FOC's). These registries had a regulation free environment and these FOC's
help the shipowners to do away with any enforcement and neither the flag state attempts to enforce
any laws on the shipowners nor does it make any laws so that power can be exercised upon
shipowners.
The incentives for shipowners to register their ships with Flags of Convenience were many, earlier
the shipowner had to employ crew on the ship from the countries where the ship was registered and
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48.
49. The Pros And Cons Of Minimum Wage
The idea of the minimum wage is that workers are guaranteed enough money to improve their
standard of living. The price of the minimum wage is determined by the state, but a federal
minimum wage is set. Some states choose to go above the minimum wage, while others, such as
Alabama and Louisiana, choose to not have a minimum wage at all (Root). The minimum wage is
important to society, because it can affect many people's lives. There are many pros and cons to
having a minimum wage in the United States. Furthermore, various stakeholders are also impacted
by this policy in numerous ways. Minimum wage is a microeconomics and macroeconomic problem
that has many consequences. Therefore, minimum wage has been a great economic issue because of
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This concept is still true in regards to jobs. Therefore, the higher minimum wage is, the less
employers are going to demand labor in the short run. Minimum wage usually only affects teenagers
and young adults, because they take jobs that require less skill, because they have less human capital
(Henderson). Not having a minimum wage can greatly affect these people in the long run, because it
encourages teenagers to drop out to find a job at a young age because there is less jobs. Minimum
wage can also lead to cost–push inflation, because an increase in cost can lead to an increase in
labor cost to the consumer (Pettinger). This leads to a nonstop continuation of increases of prices. In
addition, minimum wage greatly reduces competition among firms. For example, Wal–Mart pushes
for higher minimum wages, presumably to make things more difficult for their low–wage
competitors (Henderson). This can lead to companies moving to another country where labor costs
less and therefore taking away jobs from the American economy. The cons of minimum wage have
influenced many stakeholders. The policy of minimum wage affects countless people. It affects
everyone from employers to entire families. It greatly affects young adults, because the first jobs
they get are usually low paying jobs. They are usually the first directly hit by not having a minimum
wage, because they need jobs despite of the pay and are only beginning to build their skills set.
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50.
51. How Labor Laws And The Work Of The Individual And How They...
In the late 1800's, labor laws and ethics were something that nobody thought of and did much about.
It wasn't until the reign of Pope Leo XIII and his idea of a revolutionary change that came in the
doctrine of the Rerum Novarum, which focused on the laboring class. In first world countries, they
have labor laws to help benefit the worker, but those first world companies take advantage of third
world countries, and impoverished individuals. The focus of this paper will focus on how labor laws
and the work of the individual and how they have a major effect on poverty. In first world countries,
labor laws were created to protect and benefit the labor workers and to enable them to profit from
their labor. According to Economic Justice for All, "employment is a basic right, a right which
protects the freedom of all to participate in the economic life of society." This quote is true for all
individuals of all backgrounds, and not just those in first world countries. Many individuals in the
world do not benefit from the property that makes profits and so they must endure employment to
elude poverty, and to support themselves and their families. With the ethics of Economic Justice for
All, in the United States alone, there are 8 million American's that are unemployed, cannot find jobs,
and are living under the poverty line, which equivalates to 7 percent of the labor force in America.
The article goes on to say that "the burdens of unemployment compel us to the conviction that as
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52.
53. Globalization And The Economics Of Child Labor Essay
In an essay, "Globalization and the Economics of Child Labor", by Eric V. Edmonds, a professor of
economics researching to improve child labor policy, says, "In November of 2000, ten children
earning around $11 per month burned to death in a garment factory in Bangladesh. The exits from
the factory were chained shut" (Edmonds, 3). If the doors had been unlocked instead of chained
shut, the children would have been save from this horrible fatality. More importantly, without child
labor, this situation could have been completely avoided. When companies decide to run a number
of their factories in developing countries, it gives impoverished families an opportunity to earn extra
funds, which, for the most part, is still not adequate to meet ... Show more content on
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Without the money for treatment, death could be the results of this incident. Through globalization,
companies can acquire cheap labor in developing countries. By doing so, companies save enormous
amounts of money and even more so, they save even more without laws that regulate safe working
environment. When these children are giving their energy and time working, they are setting aside
education. Working children are not getting any education that is beneficial and important.
Education is fundamental to success. Through education, many life skills are learned to help each
become a better individual, by learning to their own opinions and becoming knowledgeable about
the world around them. In addition, education is a way to put forward a change in varying economic
topics. Globalization has really affected education in developing countries that it became a lose–lose
situation. In the article "Globalization and the Economics of Child labor" by Eric Edmonds, states
that, "If governments could somehow prevent children from working, we might see less schooling
rather than more, because the loss of income from working children would make schooling even
more unaffordable" (Edmonds, 9). Due to both of the options having a negative side, it causes a
conundrum and leaves the family of the laboring child with very limited options: Sending the child
to work to assist in bringing in some income or send their child to school bringing the family to a
brink of or total bankruptcy and
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54.
55. Minimum Wage Analysis
The minimum wage for Texas is $7.25 and the chart does not show it going up any time soon like
other states. In 1938, Congress began the minimum wage at 25 cents per hour, according to the Fair
Labor Standards Act, (Sherk, 2013). The federal minimum wage was signed into law in 1938 by
President Franklin Roosevelt during the Great Depression. The main purpose for the federal
minimum wage was to help keep the American workers out of poverty and increase the purchasing
power for the consumers in order to help the economy. The United States should only use the federal
minimum wage in each state because each state cost of living is different and they may or may not
have what the other states have to offer. Twenty–nine states and the District ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Most companies use this method of outsourcing to save money. There are some positive and
negatives to this aspect of outsourcing in the developing nations. The companies are not being fair to
their employees internationally. They do not have to provide medical insurance and benefits and
they do not have to pay their employees the minimum wage. Several states updated their minimum
wage requirement during the last decade. In the year from 2001 to 2003, Hartford and Meriden,
Connecticut, Gainesville, Florida, Minneapolis, Burlington, Vermont, all required their city
contractors to pay a wage of at least $9 if no benefits are given (McCrate, 2006). The minimum
wage appear to be negligible compared with that of the U.S. The foreign companies that are
competing with each other for outsourced manufacturing or service jobs are getting even lower
wages. Many developing countries do not have a minimum wage requirement for the companies
they are working for. United State wage and hour laws have no extraterritorial application. If a US
citizen is working in France, then they would not be subject to any state or federal U.S. wage and
hour laws. They would be limited to the number of hours they could work like only 35 hours per
week in France. The continued abuses by the corporations not only hurt USA workers, our nation as
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56.
57. Minimum Wage Argument
"Fight for $15." This is what workers and supporters across the country, including Milwaukee,
chanted on Thursday, April 14th demanding for an increase in the minimum wage (Baillon).
Workers had gotten word of the recent victories in California and New York, thus joining together in
Milwaukee for a call to raise the wage to $15. The "Fight for $15" supporters marched from
Washington Park Senior Center to the McDonald's at 35th and Juneau. Dian Palmer, president of
SEIU Healthcare WI, said "This tries to lift people out of poverty – and we have to start somewhere"
(Baillon). This is only one of the many rallies that had taken place in the last few years, demanding
that it is an injustice to have the minimum wage at $7.25 an hour.
From the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These jobs are supposed to be a first time job for these individuals, that way they can build their
résumé and work experience for the future. "These folks are working 40 hours a week, making
minimum wage, and can't afford to take care of themselves...," said Martha De La Rosa, executive
director of Wisconsin Jobs Now (Zimmermann). There's a reason why they aren't making a living;
these jobs are not meant to be a career that people can live off of nicely, if they want that type of life
go on to further education or training–where they pay more than minimum wage. If the wage is
raised, what kind of message is that sending towards youths and adults? It's saying that you don't
have to work hard and go to college, not when McDonald's or some other establishment is offering
$15 an hour. Then, when those individuals are working there over the years, they'll eventually want
the wage to increase again; it just becomes a never ending cycle of constantly raising the
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58.
59. The Productivity Of The Installers So Low
1. Why was the productivity of the installers so low? When it came to assessing the productivity of
the installers, multiple factors came into play. John Barlow, the CEO of Safelite was confused on
why the technicians were only installing on average 2.5 glass units per day when they had 8 hours in
the workday, with one glass unit only taking an hour to install. One main reason was that the
employees just did not try as hard as they should be. There was nothing set in place that encouraged
their productivity so they found no need to make that effort. Some other reason had to do with the
chain of operations within the organization. This began with the trouble with the customers. When
the technicians would go out for an install, they would sometimes would have difficulty finding the
location because of poor directions or the customer was not at the intended location. In addition to
that, 10–20% of the time, when a technician got to their location, they would find that they had the
wrong parts needed for their work. These factors combined led to rescheduling and results in low
productivity within the workday. 2. Does the proposed PPP plan address the problem of low
productivity? Does it introduce new problems? Yes, the PPP plan addresses the problem of low
productivity because it creates a form or variable pay for technicians and certain managers. This
variable pay consists of small percentages of the employees installs being a form of a 'piece rate' to
their pay. In other
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60.
61. Sweatshops : Positive Deviancy And Global Labour Practices...
Sweatshop Labor Two works adequately address the increasing critical discourse of sweatshop
labor. The two works are titled "Beyond Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour
Practices" and "The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical Assessment".
The former was authored in July 2005 by Denis Arnold and Laura Hartman. The latter was written
in September 2011 by Benjamin Powell and Matt Zwolinski. The authors of both works are
undeniably qualified and are experts in their respective fields. The credibility of both "Beyond
Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour Practices" and "The Ethical and Economic Case
Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical Assessment" is strengthened by the academic research and ...
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The authors highlight their point that workers often agree to a sweatshop job due to a lack of options
and often have a hard time getting out of these positions. Arnold and Hartman conclude that "the
fact that workers agree to labor under poor conditions does not... constitute the normal workings of a
well–functioning free market in jobs and labour" (Arnold and Hartman 209). To support their
second argument, the authors focus on the lack of use for the skills developed in factory work and an
overall decline in sanitation. They support this argument with claims that "skills developed through
much routine factory work hold no promise of greater economic and social development" and "the
transition from agricultural and cottage industries to factory–based work is argued to have...social
cost that are not covered by the wages paid by an MNC [multinational corporation] to its
employees" (Arnold and Hartman 209). From these two main arguments it is clear that the authors
strongly support mandated improvements of working conditions. Another key point conveyed in
"Beyond Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour Practices" is idea of fair compensation.
Arnold and
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62.
63. The Relationship Between Economic Globalization And Labor...
The relationship between economic globalization and labor market power provides empirical trends
in world average and the world equality through structural bargaining power and associated power,
thereby allowing workers to achieve convergence across nations (Mahutga). What labor market
power does for economic globalization is that it increases the probability of labor internationalism
through two models, namely, the structural model and the institutional model. Beverly Sliver,
Tamara Kay, Nita Rudra, and Matthew Mahutga provide different theories and data, breaking down
the trends of labor power and labor movement on a global scale.
The labor movement began during the industrial revolution and exists because of worker–employer
relationships and working conditions, thus providing the landscape for labor power (Mahutga).
Labor power can be broken down into associational power and structural bargaining power.
Mahutga's Lecture on Globalization and Labor builds on Beverly Sliver 's argument on the Forces of
Labor and Tamara Kay 's argument on Labor Transnationalism and Global Governance about what
Labor market power and Labor Transnationalism mean as regards labor on a global scale (Mahutga,
Kay). Is it creating better standards for the working and living conditions of workers? Associational
power results in collective workers ' ability to unionize and organize to present one opposing voice.
Structural bargaining power results from the workers ' place in the economic system,
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64.
65. A International Company 's Workers ' Human Rights Through...
Introduction Globalization is defined as the act of globalizing, or extending to other or all parts of
the world. In other words, globalization is that the world has experienced two great waves of
gobalization driven by the free trade policies of major trading countries and falling transportation
costs.
The first wave was from roughly the down of the Industrial Revolution in the 19 Century to World
War I, and the second has run since 1947. International trade and international migration grew
substantially during the first wave, but world trade increased even more rapidly during the first 25
years of the World War II wave. Both periods of gobalization faced significant suspicion about the
results of globalization for labor conditions. (Globalization and Labor Conditions, Robert J.
Flanagan, 2006)
Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to compare the international company's workers' human
rights through the influence of the international trade.
Over the past decade, China has been an attractive destination for global corporations due to its low
wage rates and labor laws that disallow independent trade unions and limit the right to strike.
Recently, Chinese industrial workers have been pushing back, demanding better wages, hours and
working conditions. Collective action by Chinese workers, including strikes, has been successful in
many cases and is bringing Chinese employers to the bargaining table As a result, China's industrial
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66.
67. Labor Economics
Labour intensity mode of production
Process where the ratio of labour to other inputs is relatively large. Where alternative techniques of
production are possible , labour intensity mode can be varied in response to changes in the relation
between real wages and the cost of using other inputs. A mode of production referrers to the way
production is carried out. Labour refers to the physical efforts or people are required to carry out a
process of production. Therefore a labour intensive mode of production where more labour is
employed than capital. Theory of value (economics):" Theory of value " is a generic term which
encompasses all the theories within economics that attempt to explain the exchange value or price of
goods and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This ratio depends on what technique of production are easible.
Effective demand for labour
Effective demand for labour can be described as the price at which the consumer of labour are
willing and able to purchase labour. To put things in perspective, holding all other constant. If the
labour is low, the demand for labour is high, the demand for labour would be low.
Discuss the complementary and substitutability of labour and capital
Complementary: labour on its own can be viewed as human prowess to work and produce, and
capital can be viewed as man made means of production. Hence labour on capital go hand in hand
on issues like education, vocational duties like menial jobs etc. In such a situation when labor
increases capital increases and when labor reduces capital also reduces hence labor is directly
proportional to capital.
Substitute: labour and capital are indifferent in exchange e.g They are substitute to each other.
Substitutes on the other hand then implies a situation where factors operate independently of other
factors , therefore , for labor and capital to be substitutes it explains a situation where labor and
capital are employed to operate independently of each other but instead serve as substitutes of each
other. The substitutability of labor and capital implies an increase in labor, capital for labor
decreases, capital itself decreases, the
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68.
69. The Economic Factors Of Slave Labor In The 1600s In America
In Virginia, the Chesapeake Bay area during the 1600s the slave community evolved over a long
period of time. Problems occurred regarding their labor that had an important influence on the
switch to a society dominated by slave labor. During the 1600s labor in the Chesapeake shifted to
slave society because of a shift in culture, economic issues, and frustrations of the tobacco market
boom. Each of these reasons all relates back to the labor problem the colonists were facing in
Virginia. As mentioned above, one of the reasons that shifted the Chesapeake Bay area into a slave
society was a shift in culture. In the early decades, people's economic status was an important
identifier for what benefits they could receive, or what they could and could not do. Later in the
century, this all changes. Anthony Johnson, who is African, arrives in the Chesapeake in 1621.
When Anthony arrived, he was considered unfree and worked in a tobacco field with both whites
and blacks since at this time economic status was still the main identifier for individuals. Anthony
Jackson was considered an unusual or lucky man for many reasons. In fact, some of the reasons that
made him incredibly lucky was that he did not die from diseases unlike other people in the
Chesapeake, he finds a female companionship who also survives, and in 1630 Anthony buys both
his and his wife's freedom. In addition, another unusual thing about Anthony was that in 1640 he
becomes a plantation owner. Strangely enough, on
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70.
71. Minimum Wage: A Case Study
Hourly employees are requesting a minimum wage increase to $15 and it is causing an enormous
commotion. Pursuing a necessary change for family betterment employees are voicing their opinion.
Unions were employees' voice years ago and through collective bargaining both the employer and
employees would come to a solution. Utilizing unions is not an option theses day due to the decline
of employee's involvement with unions. Today different laws and acts provide a voice for the
employees below, there will be a brief discussion of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938,
Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Equal Pay Act of 1963.
Additionally, reasons to substantiate and disapprove the tentative wage increase to $15 will be
explored and potential ways employers will incorporate the wage increase.
History
The first minimum wage law covered women and children dated back to 1912. During the U.S. ...
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Many hourly employees would defiantly benefit with an increase as long as other associated costs
would remain the same. With a cost of living increase, the result would counteract the benefits the
employees would encounter. Therefore, is it feasible to mandate a significant wage increase without
adjusting the cost of living? The increase would provide low–income and less–educated employees
with an opportunity to acquire better living conditions for themselves and their family. Moreover,
this increase could establish and provide a quality education and much–needed health care. With a
better education, children could foresee a brighter future with endless possibilities. The children
realize the "American dream" is possible and is enthusiastic to pursue their dreams through hard
work and dedication. Through determination the children achieve their goals and now they can assist
other family members
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72.
73. Child Labor And Economic Growth Benefits The Poor
Economic growth is generally defined as improvements in average per capita income. Child labor is
overwhelmingly concentrated in the poorest of households. Hence, growth can impact child labor
through changes in living standards when growth benefits the poor. While there is considerable
nuance in the literature, it seems reasonable to assume that growth in average per capita income will
typically raise the living standards of the poor (Dollar and Kraay 2002). This section argues that
improvements in the standard of living of the poor influence child labor by changing how
households cope with economic shocks, how households organize their production and
consumption, and how households make decisions regarding child time allocation. Most children
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74.
75. Is Prison Labor Good for America? Essay
Luke House
October 30, 2008
Lit Essay
Prison Labor In America
Is Prison labor good for America?
Introduction: The Benefits and Problems Due to the tight labor market, companies are relying on
prisoners to provide them with labor. As of now, private prisons have become one of the largest
powers in the "prison–industrial complex." There are approximately 18 private prison corporations,
which guard 10,000 prisoners, and more than 37 states have legalized the contracting of prisoners by
private companies (Prison Slave Labor: Fascism U.S. – Style). For both the prisons, and the
companies, it's a good deal. Whyte and Baker list the benefits for those who utilize prison labor: no
unions, strikes, health benefits, unemployment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prisons depend on this income. Corporate stockholders who make money off prisoners' work lobby
for longer sentences, in order to expand their workforce. The system feeds itself." (qtd. in Pelaez).
There is also the issue on how the prison work programs have stolen employment from outside
workers, as well as holding down wages for low–paying jobs. (Leonhardt)
Costs of Imprisonment: As of now, the cost of operating prisons is on the rise, along with the
number of people in prison. Currently, taxpayers are spending between $20,000 and $25,000
annually on each individual prisoner (The Third Branch, Costs of Incarceration and Supervision). A
proposal to reduce the cost of imprisonment is to put the prisoners to work. Within the next five
years the prison population is expected to increase and is estimated to cost an additional 1.6 million
dollars (The Economic Impact of Prison Labor). "If half of the prisoners could be employed by
private enterprise during that time, their work would reduce taxpayer costs by almost $9 billion per
year." (The Economic Impact of Prison Labor)
Impacts of Prison Labor on Reform: In the 1950's prison authorities, unions, and private companies
reached an agreement regarding prison labor. Prisoners were to work as a form of rehabilitation, but
the goods created by the prisoners would be used inside of prisons, or be sold to government
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76.
77. Democratic Platform
Democratic Platform These days there is a big war in politics, Republicans vs Democrats. The
democrats make up 31% of our population(google), they believe in many different things than the
Republicans. Some issues they disagree on are gun rights, abortion, LGBT rights, and the economy.
Many people in America work for minimum wage but working full time on min. wage isn't enough
to live on(Jarvie). There are several million min. wage workers in the U.S. Most have to use food
stamps or government subsidies to get by, the ones that don't barely get by. Many people work two
or more min. wage jobs to afford their everyday expenses. The Democrats want to raise min. wage
to make it easier on these people. I don't think this would solve the problem ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
There were 500 gay delegates at the Democratic Convention(Hampson). Gay Marriage USA said
nearly 20,000 people signed a petition in favor of gay rights(Hampson).
Democrats also believe Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transvestite rights are human rights and that
American foreign policy should advance the ability of all persons to live with dignity, security, and
respect, regardless of who they are or who they love(Drabold). They will continue to stand with
LGBT people around the world, including fighting efforts by any nation to infringe on LGBT
rights(Drabold). The war on drugs has led to the imprisonment of millions of Americans, racist
towards people of color, without reducing drug use(Drabold). Democrats will prioritize prevention
and treatment of incarceration(Drabold).
These are some of the issues the government faces. The Democrats believe they can make changes
for the better with their policies. They think by allowing abortion and gay rights, controlling guns,
and raising the minimum wage they can make a better
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