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Sexual Assault And Sexual Aggression
The definition of sexual assault is often blurred in today's society, as the rate of these cases increases rapidly this simple definition seems as if it
should be known. In reality defining a specific event or act as sexual assault can be very difficult because of the many situations and different
accusations that arise throughout the large number of complicated cases. To reduce the number of these sometimes gruesome cases, there needs to be a
goal to look toward while working to reduce this crime. These situations occur for reasons unexplainable to many, but there are certain things that lead
to the increased number of sexual assaults. Sexual references sell. Sexuality is advertised more than any other system of persuasion when attempting to
sell a product. This does not pertain to the product being sold, in all honesty the product is irrelevant to consumers. The one and only thing that matters
to the consumer is the way the item is being advertised, and the most common way of advertising is in a sexual context. This ultimately has a faint
place in the increase of sexual assault cases because of subliminal advertising and messaging. Subliminal messages are used to pass the normal lines of
perception, and they are usually not detected by the conscious mind but are perceived by the unconscious and deeper mind. This could easily play a
role in the increase of sexual assault cases throughout the country, which is most evident in college students because of the large amount of
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Sexual Assault Policies Essay
Many universities across the United States have reformed their sexual assault policies. Their new policies provide a clear understanding as to what
qualifies as sexual assault. Opponents claimed that affirmative consent policies are impractical and ineffective ("Sexual Assault"). For consenting
couples, anxiety over meeting the new standard will make sex joyless and add confusion and complications ("Sexual Assault"). On the other hand,
supporters argued that "no means no" did not cover all possible sexual assault scenarios ("Sexual Assault"). Therefore, states adopted a "yes means
yes" policy ("Sexual Assault"). California's efforts marked the first time this policy was codified by a law ("Sexual Assault"). The legislation requires
colleges ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Colleges and universities often do not execute strict punishments when it comes to sexual assault on campus. The police, prosecutors, defense
attorneys, judges, and juries do not always view date rape as a serious offense (Neumann). Until government officials consider rape a significant
violation when compared to other major crimes, colleges and universities will not establish sterner punishments for rapists. Colleges and universities
also tend to diminish their punishments for the "star" athletes at the school. One study concluded that while athletes constitute 3.3% of the college
population, they perpetrate 19% of all sexual assaults on campus (Ajo). Although male athletes commit multiple sexual assault crimes on campus, they
are punished leniently. Researchers contend that when sexual assault crimes are committed by athletes, society fails to label the act a crime and does
not impose harsh sanctions (Ajo). In fact, many boosters come to the defense of the team they so love (Ajo). In order to discourage college students
from committing sexual assault crimes, harsher punishments need to be set in place. If the consequences for students' actions intensified, the number
of sexual assault cases executed on college campuses would decrease. Rape needs to be considered a serious offense in order for victims of sexual
assault cases to attain
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Sexual Assault Cases
"I thought it was a progressive school. I thought the resources they advertised from the beginning were real resources I could count on. I felt even
more betrayed when they failed me and then refused to acknowledge my earnest desires and pleas for them to evaluate what was happening to me"
said Emma Sulkowicz, a student at Columbia University who was sexually assaulted and protested the lack of punishment the man who attacked her
received by carrying around a 50 pound mattress, of her frustrations and disappointments towards her university (qtd. in Kim). The FBI says that rape is
the second most serious crime, after murder (Mantel). Sadly, about twenty to twenty five percent of women will experience some form of sexual assault
during the time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prosecutors and police officers may be less likely to believe victims if they have no signs of physical abuse like cuts, bruises, or scrapes, or if they
have known their attackers for a long time (Hilgenkamp 163). Victims often feel ashamed and humiliated for bringing their experiences forward and
become frustrated and furtherly emotionally damaged (Hilgenkamp 163). Dealing with sexual assault cases differently based on the victim's state
and story is unfair to the survivor and will only further hurt someone who has already suffered through a traumatic ordeal since it causes them feel
as though they are not being listened to or heard. In addition to investigations that are often biased and poorly conducted, the number of convictions
made in sexual assault cases is astonishingly small. A few years ago, "The Chicago Tribune published the results of a study involving 171 campus
sex complaints at six Midwestern universities. Twelve of the accused perpetrators were arrested, and only four were convicted" (Hedelman and
Brown). Due to the low conviction rates, many women feel as though their allegations of having been sexually assaulted are not being taken seriously
or even acknowledged (Hedelman and Brown). Unfortunately, sexual assault is a popular crime on college campuses, but when victims bring their
stories forward to law enforcers, they are not taken seriously and severe punishments are rarely given to assaulters, which further harms people who
have already been wrongly treated. Police and investigators have to change the ways in which they deal with sexual assault cases because
investigations are unfairly biased and are usually so inaccurately conducted that most offenders
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Sexual Assault Is Rape
Rape and sexual assault are both very serious problems that affects millions of people around the world each year. Rape is defined as penetration or
attempted penetration, but the definition of sexual assault is much broader. It is considered rape when someone takes advantage of another individual
sexually. Sexual assault can be verbal, physical, or anything that involves a person with unwanted sexual contact or attention. Rape is one of the most
underreported crimes. Victims often do not report rape because of shame or feeling that it was their fault although It is never the victim's fault. "Victim
blaming" is when you blame the victim for the crime. Most often than not, victims are assaulted because of what perpetrators call "False hope",
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Sexual Assault In Canada
Sexual assault is a problem that occurs in every country, town, and village in the world. A Canadian may hold themselves to a higher standard when
looking at less developed countries, either socially or economically. Yet, somehow they are the same when it comes to humiliating sexual assault
victims in courts trials. The Criminal Code provisions, however, are really great when it comes to sexual assault. There is a definition of consent or
more explicitly its absence, and the Supreme Court of Canada has sworn that consent be on–going and positive. Nevertheless, it is our social norms that
these laws are delivered through that need to be changed. The justice system today has a big problem of re–victimizing survivors of sexual assault,
abusing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Going to trial for sexual assault cases really should not leave the victim traumatized. "The witnesses who testify have always felt that it is they who
were on trial rather than the person who they understood as having assaulted them," said Constance Backhouse, a lawyer at the faculty of law at the
University of Ottawa. These lawyers will have a much better understanding on how to deal with sexual abuse cases. The lawyers will take into
account the survivors mental health during the trial. There should be a more ethical standard on the judges and lawyers in the court proceedings.
Lawyers who violate these standards should have strong actions taken against them. They were taught what is expected of them in court and the
excuse many use today, on being ignorant and biased on the topic, should no longer be accepted. Of course, when there is a high risk in citizen's
safety, it has to be a matter of the criminal justice system, where the public and the citizens are both looking for the accused to be in jail. A court will
have its own and new way of dealing with the
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Pros And Cons Of Sexual Assault
How educated a person is when it comes to sexual assault plays a huge role in the committing of assault. David Lisak, a retired professor of
psychology found that there is little to no difference between incarcerated rapists and undetected campus rapists (rapists who were never charged). He
conducted a survey with men asking questions like, "Have you ever had sexual intercourse with an adult when they didn't want to because you used
physical force if they didn't cooperate?" or "Have you ever had sexual intercourse with someone, even though they didn't want to because they were
too intoxicated to resist?" He ultimately discovered that a lot of those men would confess to such crimes only because they didn't consider it assault
(Myers). His research sheds light on the fact that a lot of college men are not as educated on sexual assault as they should be. That lack of knowledge
would expose itself when those guys are touching and/or grabbing a girl in a way that is wrong. If a guy is touching a girl and she obviously doesn't
want to be touched, how much more traumatizing is it for her knowing that he doesn't see anything wrong with what he is doing? Knowing what is
and isn't sexual assault should not be a hard concept to grasp. The lack of education those young college men have, is a reason many of them don't see
much wrong with sexual assault.
Starting better education programs to get new college students aware of how wrong sexual assault is, is pivotal in putting a stop to
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Sexual Assault : The Effects On Trauma
Sexual Assault: The Effects on Trauma According to RAINN, "Every 98 seconds an American is sexually assaulted." That being said within the
course of a year, 321,500 are victims of sexual violence. Ages 13–34 remain at the highest risk of sexual assault and 90% of them are victimized
females. Take a second to think back to the age of thirteen, imagine how life would differ knowing howsexual assault affects someone. People who
have been raped or sexually assaulted suffer serious physical and/or psychological consequences: psychological effects, physical changes and PTSD.
Fight, flight or freeze, the body's natural response to fear and threat of their own person, but the question still stands; what happens to the brain after
going through trauma? When the brain goes through trauma it becomes difficult to properly treat. Every single part of the brain is affected including
the senses. When the body reacts in a situation causing fear, the parts of the brain begin to go into survival mode. What will the response be? To fight
and defend or running away from the danger at hand? Freezing in the place presently standing in? The misconception with sexual assault; when given
the opportunity to learn self–defense, an individual can break free. However, no one can predict what one's self will do in a crisis situation. The brain
shrinks, believe it or not, the hippocampus which centers as the memory bank of the brain, and the prefrontal cortex cannot distinguish between fear
and function. The amygdala increases in size and cannot control emotions rationally. "People with PTSD can find it hard to control their emotions as
the amygdala (responsible for emotional regulation) is in overdrive, due to its increase in physical size. Short term memory loss can also affect those
with PTSD as the hippocampus (responsible for memory and experience assimilation) actually shrinks.
PTSD can make you feel frightened no matter what you're doing – your medial prefontal cortex is responsible for this (its role is to regulate emotion
and fear responses) as it can't regulate itself or function properly after trauma," (ptsduk.org). The brain is continuously affected by sexual assault and
creates an repeated nightmare for the rest of their
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Sexual Assaults On Campus Campuses
Most college campuses have no reports of sexual assaults on campus. This statistic is very inaccurate. The current statistics are that 9% of campuses
report that rapes have happened on campus and the other 91% state that there has never been a rape on or around campus.Those estimated numbers
seem hard to believe. Especially with cases such as the victim of the Stanford Rapist Brock Turner .
After a year of practically living in hell. Turner's victim had to face him in court on trial. Turner and his defendant team tried to minimize the
seriousness of the situation by stating that the accused and the victim were under the influence of alcohol. Turner alleged could not be responsibility
for his actions because of the accused state of confusion to whether it was content or not. A year after his original testimony Turner went on to say that
it was indeed consensual and that the victim enjoyed it.
The victim asked to give a statement directionally to her accuser. In this statement she described the events that lead up to the assault. The victim's sister
was home from school for the weekend and they were having dinner with their parents. The sister had plans to attend a frat party with her friends,
however , the woman originally was going to stay home and watch tv. The plans changed when she had decided to go along seeing her sister was
home and she wanted to enjoy time with her. On the way to the party the victim made jokes about being the oldest person at the party, once she
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Paper On Sexual Assault
Introduction of Subject The military has made progress in reducing sexual assault and connecting victims to services. Sexual assault runs against the
grain of military standards of service and value, yet it continues to happen. Repercussions for reporting these assaults are creating challenges for our
service members, and hindering the progress of their mental and physical care. Continued and expanded efforts are needed to help support survivors
and work to prevent sexual violence from occurring. Policy changes to the current reporting procedures could eradicate sexual violence and reduce the
stigma surrounding the taboo topic.
Research
There is a widespread misconception among civilians and service members alike that amending the way ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Active duty" refers to a service person who works full time or is in full–time training in the military, excluding the National Guard (DOD, 2010b). The
reserve and National Guard are subsets of the military branches that have members who might not be on active duty (DOD, 2010b). The military as a
whole is largely male, with approximately 14% to 18% of active, reserve, and National Guard positions held by females (DOD, 2010a). The age range
of the armed forces spans from 18 years old to older than 40 years old, with 44.2% of active–duty members and 33.3% of reserve and guard members
younger than 25 (DOD, 2010a).
SAPRO
Since October 1995, the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office (SAPRO) has been the organization responsible for the oversight of the DOD's
Sexual Assault Prevention and Response (SAPR) Policy. SAPRO is congressionally mandated to serve as the department's single point of
accountability for sexual assault policy matters and provides oversight to ensure that each of the military services' (Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and
Air Force) SAPR programs complies with DOD policy (Mengeling, Booth, Torner, & Sadler, 2014). While SAPR programs assist with the necessities
of heath care, mental health, and legal services, all that is needed to comply with the DOD policy is the offering of two options of mandated reporting.
Current Sexual Assault Reporting Policy Two options are available for military service members, and their dependents,
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Sexual Assault In Schools
While a great deal of crimes go unreported in the United States, by far the most common is sexual assault. While this crime is usually associated with
women being the victims, men can also be assaulted. Sexual assault is different from other crimes, in that the victims often feel like it is their fault that
the crime happened. The majority of these victims are attending college, and are on campus when the crime takes place. A multitude of colleges in the
past have been pushing sexual assault cases under the rug. Recently, new laws and efforts have been made so that people are aware of what happens
at colleges and are not afraid to speak up about their sexual assault experiences. Sexual assault is the most underreported crime in America due ... Show
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Colleges have begun to share the number of sexual assault cases that occur on campus and are making efforts in order to produce a smaller number.
They are trying to influence more victims to speak up about sexual assault and are creating an easier way to report these crimes on college campuses.
Today, there are multiple solutions to solving the crime of sexual assault, and a substantial amount of these methods are being implemented at colleges
nationwide. While sexual assault is common on numerous school campuses and is the most underreported crime in America, the government, along
with colleges, are doing what they can in order to persuade more victims to report it and prevent it from
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Sexual Assault And Sexual Assaults Essay
Sexual Assault is one of the most feared topics on campus because of different experiences that people face on their life. These request is to create a
student organization on campus name FASPVA which stands for Fight Against Sexual Physical or Verbal Assault. College campuses have a high rated
numbers of sexual assault compared to non–college campus because of major reasons like parties, alcohol, fraternities and sororities. Whether it is rape,
abused or sexual assault the gender who encounter these issues are women and they are less likely to report it because of the person who did it or
they are afraid of the consequences of them reporting it or just wondered whether there would be any justice at all or not. Almost all the sexual
assault incidents are men acts but the women are blamed for it because of the way they dress, act or their actions. Most women who are victims of
sexual assaults don't acknowledge these facts or don't do it on propose. In the reading "Fraternities and Rape on Campus" by Yancey Martin and Robert
A.Hummer, they argue that Fraternities use their parties and their use of alcohol and drugs to influence women and to sexually assault them. It's hard
to feel or understand someone else's feelings unless you are the victim. In "I want a Twenty–Four–Hour Truce" reading of Andrea Dworkins, she points
out how freedom, male supremacy, the gender inequality and feminism relates to theses sexual assault and rape on campus. In "Beyond Yes or No:
Consent as
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Campus Sexual Assault
Sexual Assault on College Campuses Sexual assault on college campuses is a subject that comes up commonly in media today, usually due to the fact
that these assaults happen on a regular basis. About one in four women and one in seven men are victims of some form of sexual violence during their
college experience (Abooali). In most occurances when speaking about sexual assault on campus, people are talking about what the main cause of
these cases of sexual assault could be, and if there is any way to prevent it from happening. There are many factors that play into these sexual assaults
such as alcohol consumption, peer pressure, society's normalization of these assaults, and party culture. The term sexual assault is used by researchers ...
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Due to the large amounts of research on these events, there has been more legislative action taken to prevent sexual violence on college campuses
(Abooali). These acts include, but are not limited to: the Student Right–to–Know and Campus Security Act of 1990, which was renamed in 1998 to the
Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act; Campus Sexual Assault Victim's Bill of Rights of 1992, Campus
Sex Crimes and Prevention Act of 1998, National Campus Safety Awareness Month of 2008, and the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008. All of
these acts, along with others, have been set in place to assist in the prevention of sexual assault on college campuses. Although these events still
continue to happen, there will be more developments and advancements in the prevention of these assaults in the coming years. The more notice that is
drawn to sexual violence on college campuses, the more these assaults will stop
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Sexual Assault Prevention
It's useless to acknowledge a problem and not offer any sort of improvement or suggestions. College and Universities should be responsible for
providing sexual assault prevention as well as awareness especially to freshman and sophomores since most sexual assaults happen in the first two
years of college. It is important that sexual assault prevention strategies be set up in a matter where incoming students are educated as soon as
enrollment is completed. Programs should focus on both prevention for women who have not experienced any sexual assault and also provide
prevention to those have experienced it before. Providing accurate information on legal definitions of sexual assault, the extent of sexual assault among
college women, and risk ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Something that I think is extremely important is to teach sexual assault resistance strategies to reduce harm like protection from men that women know
and trust since most women are sexually assaulted by men they know. Women should be taught how to increase their assertiveness and self–efficacy as
well as inform them how to report to police or school officials as soon as possible. They must also be informed on the different types of services on
and off campus available to them and how they could be utilized. The importance of reporting incidents of attempted and completed sexual assault to
mental and physically health service providers and law enforcement personnel can change their life since everyone handles their assault differently but
it's also crucial to not stay silent. Most importantly, programs for men to prevent sexual assault perpetration could provide accurate information on
legal definitions and legal penalties for sexual assault. It's extremely crucial to inform men that they are ultimately responsible for determining whether
or not a woman has consented to sexual contact and whether or not a woman is capable of providing consent. They should be informed that an
intoxicated person can't legally consent to sexual contact and that having sexual contact with an intoxicated or incapacitated person is unacceptable and
considered sexual
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An Epidemic Of Sexual Assaults Across The Nation
In most recent years there has been an epidemic of sexual assaults across the nation. In the United States alone, a rape occurs every 6.2 minutes
resulting in 1 out of every 5 women as well as 1 out of every 71 men being sexually assaulted or raped in their lifetime. This problem has been
something that has been hushed for many years affecting the lives of the victims for a lifetime. We the nation need to take a stand to teach our young
men and women that it is inappropriate to violate a person's personal space without consent. This problematic phenomenon has not only affected the
lives of the people throughout today's society, but has become a tremendous outbreak within college campuses. On average they are thousands of
complaints made... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the contrary, the university and the police department turned their backs on her. They refused to run a DNA test on the football star immediately
doing nothing for ten months. Next came victim blaming, where statements were made saying she was a liar and how unfortunate it was for him to
go through this turmoil that can affect his career. Ultimately, the case got dismissed and the football star made no apologies and answered no
questions, only making a statement saying any sex that happened was consensual. There lies the problem with the college institutions, they allowed
this man to get away with this crime simply because he was an asset to the university. This act makes us wonder what resources are put in place to
protect young women from situations like this, and how many more instances has to occur for the system to change. In these universities they are
school psychologists that are supposed to be there to assists and offer help to the young women and men who are victims of this crime and many
others. In most cases an intervention is carried out by the helping professionals of the university are there to provide some solutions to the problem
being faced. Some of the interventions consists of assessment and education. This is a phase where the victim builds up the strength to speak to the
psychologist about the trauma, in this session the psychologists leaves room for the victim to feel
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Sexual Assault And Sexual Aggression
Not a day goes by where we don't see or hear about a story of sexual assault; whether it be on the news, someone we know personally, or a story we
see on social media. Sexual assault is any unwanted sexual act against a person or without a person's consent. Sexual assault refers to any sexual,
physical, verbal or visual act that is forced upon a person. "Every 107 seconds, another American is sexually assaulted. This is an average of 293,000
victims each year" (Statistics). The culture in the United States can be defined as a rape culture. Emilie Buchwald, author of Transforming a Rape
Culture, defines rape culture as "a complex set of beliefs that encourage male sexual aggression and supports violence against women. It is a society
where violence is seen as sexy and sexuality as violent... In a rape culture both men and women assume that sexual violence is a fact of life" (What is
Rape Culture?). Examples of living in a rape culture include things like blaming the victim and teaching women to avoid getting raped rather than
teaching men not to rape. Factors that play a role in creating a rape culture is the gap between men and women, gender roles, and the porn industry. Sex
and gender are words that we interchange, but they mean completely different things. Sex refers to the biological characteristics that a person receives
while they are developing, like their primary and secondary sex characteristics. Gender is the cultural or social norms that society places on a given
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Sexual Assault On Campus
Sexual Assault on Campus
"Among undergraduate students, 23.1% of females and 5.4% of males experience rape or sexual assault" (RAINN). Rape is a threat virtually
anywhere people go, but no place has a higher risk for sexual assault than college campuses. However, many of these occurrences go without penalties
against the attacker, and even more are not reported at all. The lack of consequences for the accused indirectly suggests that rape and other forms of
sexual assault are allowable and create further problems for the victims of the horrendous actions. Harsher punishments need to be given out for sexual
assault on campus, as the current rulings are biased and immoral. One of the most recent, and famous, cases of sexual assault on campus ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the most influential of these are the affirmative consent laws. These laws are defined as "the choice of some schools to require the presence
of ongoing agreement, not just the absence of refusal, in sexual encounters" (Boyd). The presence of affirmative consent laws would greatly help the
victims in their cases, as without confirmation that the attacked was consensual throughout the entirety of the incident, the accused would be unable
to be let off without some form of punishment. Despite this, the laws are currently not enforced in the majority of campuses, leaving victims
susceptible to unfair judgments that are in favor of the accused, as rape is often unreasonably viewed as being acceptable if the person had never
objected, even if they had not given consent. Additionally, even if they state that they protested the actions, numerous people can also claim that they
are lying. In the case of people that had been drunk, unconscious, or otherwise unable to give a logical or coherent answer when being attacked, the
blame will often be put on them, despite the obvious horrendous acts of the attacker. Moreover, laws stating the severity of these crimes and how
harsh the punishments should be are often overlooked, or not fully enforced, like the affirmative consent laws. In the aforementioned case of Brock
Turner, his sentencing was particularly light, even for someone who received some form of sentence, as he faced a maximum of fourteen years in
prison, while the prosecutors asked for at least six years (Cleary). The lack of punishments given to sexual predators will go on to further harm the
attacked and give the impression that there is nothing wrong with sexual
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Sexual Assault And Sexual Abuse
Sexual assault is any sexual activity where the victim and the villain are not in agreement. It is a non consensual act that involves coercion. A person
who is sexually assaulted is tricked or forced into the act to satisfy the sexual desires of the perpetrator. It is considered a crime and it is entrenched in
the laws of different states. Legally,sexual assault is encompasses all the forced activities that relate to sexual abuse. In many states, the legal
definitions vary. Some consider it as any forced sexual intercourse while others include indecent assault. Some of the common acts that are defined
under sexual abuse are; rape which is the coerced penetration into the vagina, anus or oral sex, incest which is the sexual abuse by a close relative,
indecent assault which involves any acts that defy decency such as touching another person inappropriately and in some cases domestic violence is
incorporated. Sexual harassment can be experienced by any member of the society who includes men, women, children, and the elderly.
The North Carolina General Statutes divides sexual assault into various degrees. First is the first degree rape that entails vaginal intercourse with
child below 13 years of age while the perpetrator is above 12 years. Second degree rape involves years old and four years elder than the victim. It is
also defined as rape by employing a deadly weapon according to the victims' perception, and the perpetrator causes injury to the victim. Second degree
rape
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Sexual Assault And Sexual Harassment
Bohmer & Parrot (1993) co–authored The Campus Sexual Assault Victim's Bill of Rights Act of 1991. President George H. W. Bush signed this act
was signed into law in 1992. This book in a continuation of what still needs to be done to prevent sexual assault and sexual harassment on college
campuses. This book covers why college institutions handle sexual assault poorly and the consequence of their negligence. To do this subject justice
they focus on the following questions:
1.What is the definition of sexual assault?
2.How often, who and where do sexual assaults happen?
3.What is the typical response from college campuses?
4.What are the consequences of the campus's response?
5.What are some possible solutions to sexual assaults on college campuses?
This review of Sexual Assault on Campus: The Problem and the Solution will focus on these questions.
Bohmer & Parrot (1993) explain how definitions to labels like sexual assault and sexual harassment are used interchangeably on many college
campuses. There is no universal definition for these labels among college campuses across the United States. The authors explain that generally the
definitions of sexual assault is "all forms of unwanted sexual activity", deviate sexual intercourse is anal or oral sex, acquaintance rape is rape in which
"the victim and the assailant know each other", and sexual harassment is "sexual activity that is related to abuse of power" (Bohmer & Parrot,1993).
The problem, however, comes when
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Sexual Assault And Its Effects On Society Essay
When presented with this project, we chose to focus on sexual assault because it is a harsh realistic nightmare that poses reoccurring issues in our
society. The goal of our campaign is to not only spread awareness about sexual assault, but also to educate about the topic. Although sexual assault is
a very common occurrence, it is a sensitive topic; which leads to people and victims feeling hesitant to talk about it, causing so many cases to remain
untouched and victims silenced. For our project, we decided to focus on reaching out to our peers since most of them are in college or ages 18–24,
where sexual assault is at an all time high. However, sexual assault is not limited strictly to college campuses or other professional academic settings so
everything that we are posting relates to anyone – because of the sad truth that sexual assault can happen anytime, to anyone at anywhere. To begin our
campaign, we created a Facebook page and an Instagram account. The Facebook page was simple to create and has been effective thus far;
because of its popularity between adults and even teenagers in high school, we had several likes on our Facebook page. Our goal was to get at
least 35 likes for the "NU Sexual Assault Awareness Campaign," but within hours of launching it, we got nearly 50 and are currently have nearly
100 likes! On our Instagram account, we have almost 30 followers and frequent likes on all of our photos; perhaps since it is a less popular social
media site it is
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The Prosecution Of Sexual Assault
The prosecution of sexual assault is unlike the prosecution of any other criminal offence. There an intense focus on the character and motivation of the
complainant. Traditionally, this focus has translated into a preoccupation with aspects of the complainant 's behavior which is not immediately related
to the circumstances of the offence. One example is whether the complainant provided a "recent complaint" after the assault. This focus also results in
an extraordinary interest in the demonstration of proof of resistance by the complainant and the corresponding application of force by the perpetrator,
though neither is an element of the crime. A proper appreciation of the law in this area requires an understanding of the legal evolution of... Show more
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It is not mentioned in our conversations and that silence contributes to the continuation of domestic and sexual violence. As early as the year 800, rape
was a capital offense in Anglo–Saxon England. In 1769, William Blackstone, the leading eighteenth–century authority on common law in both England
and the colonies, defined "common law rape" as the "carnal knowledge of a woman forcibly and against her will" (Samaha). The definition boiled
down to four elements: Sexual intercourse by force or a threat of severe bodily harm (actus reus). Intentional vaginal intercourse (mens rea). Intercourse
between a man and a woman who wasn't his wife (attendant circumstance). Intercourse without the woman's consent (attendant circumstance). The
common law required proof beyond a reasonable doubt of all four elements. In the common law trials, rape victims were allowed to testify against
accused rapists; it was up to the jury to decide whether to believe them. But the victim's credibility depended on three conditions, always difficult (and
often impossible) to satisfy: Her chastity, whether she promptly reported the rape, whether other witnesses corroborated the rape
(womanslawproject.org). By the 1970s and 1980s was a time of major reform of sex offense laws. First, states changed rape prosecution procedures
that had been in effect since the 1600s. Many states abolished the corroboration rule that required the
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Effects Of Sexual Assault In Canada
"Half of all women in Canada have experienced at least one incident of physical or sexual violence since age 16" (CanadianWomen.org). Most cases
of sexual assault are not treated as seriously by the law as they should be. Victims of sexual assault often blame for the incident. Sexual assault can
have long term effects on a person. Sexual assault is not considered to be a serious offence in todays society.
A lot of sexual assault cases are not taken seriously, even though they should be. "At least 94 percent of perpetrators will not go to jail" (rainn.org).
That means that the majority of the bad guys get away and can probably commit the same crime over again. Therefore making more victims of this
crime. A large percentage of the victims have
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Sexual Assault Scandal
In Thiel's paper, she analyzes the article, "Campus sexual assault adjudication and resistance to reform" by Michelle J. Anderson. Thiel clearly gives
the claim of the article–the act of rape is not taken serious enough. The article gives a great topic and a controversial issue in the society. And she also
makes the problem more related to our lives by giving the sexual assault that happened in Baylor, which immediately takes my attention and interest to
the paper. The essay has a great introduction that can attract readers and she gives a brief description for what will be discuss in the rest of the paper.
Thiel's paper's formatting and gramma is good. For the title of the paper, Thiel put Recent Sexual Assault Scandal at Baylor University.... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the second paragraph, she gives the evidences of the author, about how sexual assault cases are unjustly treated. There is a statement in the
introduction states this article addressed how the situations should be handled, but I do not find evidences for how to handle the situations. What I
find is polices did not investigate in a lot of cases, and how many cases are not run through the system immediately. In this paragraph, she states the
warrants for the evidences and whether the warrants are credible, but does not put whether the warrants are explicit or implicit. In the third paragraph
of the body section, Thiel gives counterarguments of herself for the issue and also refute the counterargument. In the fourth paragraph, she mentions
about logos, ethos, and pathos, and what degree they are used in the article. She states the article is strongly in pathos, but the evidences she gives are
mainly logos. I believe there are many pathos in the article because this topic definitely can focus on readers' emotion, which I think Thiel should give
some evidences from article that are relate to emotions. In the conclusion part, Thiel meets all the criteria according to the prompt and gives a great
ending for the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Sexual Assault And Sexual Assaults
Despite the efforts that have been made to curb sexual assaults, statistics show that sexual assaults in college campuses still occur (Lee, Spring
2003). In fact, the facts are even scarier, showing that one in every four ladies in campuses have been victims or near victims of sexual assault (Lee,
spring 2003). Interestingly, 1 in 12 men in college have been involved in sexual assault, but they felt that their actions were not illegal. Perhaps, this
ability of the perpetrators to justify their actions based on their own perspectives may be largely to blame for the increasing occurrence of sexual
assault. Under the criminal law, sexual assault refers to the nonconsensual, unlawful and intentional sexual contact by one party of another person's
body. As such, it includes acts ranging from forciblerape to sexually touching another person's body without their consent, even with clothes on. The
peculiar situation with sexual assault in campuses is that often, the victim and the perpetrator are known to each other thus it may not raise much
alarm at first (Lee, Spring 2003). In fact, most sexual assaults are reported to have taken place during or after dates, which in a way explains the
reason why most perpetrators feel like their actions were justified. Still, the law is very clear on the inviolability of other people's private space,
especially sexually, and as such, there should be minimal tolerance, if at all, of any inappropriate sexual contact. Also, the widespread use of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Victim Of Sexual Assault Essay
Tom sat on the sofa, his shoulders hunched forward, his eyes staring listlessly into space. In his hands, a forgotten cup of coffee trembled violently,
the lukewarm liquid spilling over his fingers. He hadn't uttered a single word since his impassioned attempt to justify Booker's assault, and as the
minutes ticked by, his silence only added to Doug's concerns. Although not an expert, as a cop, Penhall understood about trauma, and fearing his
friend was going into shock, he made the decision to call 911. With an ambulance on its way, he dialed a second number, and after a brief
conversation, he hung up. Turning his attention to Tom, he wondered how to proceed. While he wanted to offer comfort, he honestly did not know
what to say. How did you console the victim of sexual assault when the perpetrator was a trusted colleague you worked side by side with day in day
out? He was out of his depth and terrified of making matters worse, but he knew he needed to do something other than making a cup of coffee, and
approaching Tom, he squatted down and laid a hand on his knee. "How ya doin', buddy?"
If Tom heard, he made no acknowledgment. His eyes remained dull, his expression vacant. Somewhere, in the midst of the chaos that was the
harshness of reality, he had managed to build a protective wall, a refuge in his mind where he was no longer a victim, no longer a weak, pathetic
excuse for a man. He was Tom Hanson the cop, the loving son, the loyal friend; he was a man free
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Overview Of Sexual Assault. Sexual Assault Is Quite Common
Overview of Sexual Assault Sexual assault is quite common and one of the most underreported crimes in the world. L. N. Flair, D. L. Franko, and D.
B. Herzog (2008) define sexual assault as "an unwanted sexual encounter experienced by women from adolescence onward" (p. 249). It has been
discovered that around twelve to thirteen percent of females in the United States have experienced sexual assault (Briere & Scott, 2015). Although
sexual assault may be brief and only occur once, it can impact the victim for many years afterward. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently
seen in victims of sexual assault. Other short– and long–term mental and physical health issues seen in victims of sexual assault are depression,
substance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A second reason could be that rates of alcohol and drug abuse are considerably lower in North Carolina. A third reason could be that people in the
southeast are also more religious. More than 70% of the women who attended Duke attended church at least once a month (George & Winfield, 1992).
These factors combined seemed to have an impact on the results of the study. It is more common for women to be sexually assaulted by an
acquaintance or friend than a stranger. George and Winfield (1992) found that women under the age of forty–four were more likely to be victims of
sexual assault compared to those forty–five to sixty–four years of age. Those with a college education or more had a higher prevalence of sexual
assault than those with a high school education or less. More victims were urban residents (8.4%) versus rural residents (2.9%). However, this
discovery was only found in the Duke University sample (George & Winfield, 1992). Sorenson and White (1992) argue that "traditional patriarchal
values" may help protect southern, rural women (p. 192). Hispanic women, especially those born in Mexico rather than the United States, are less
likely to be victims of sexual assault. This may be because of their strong family and religious values. This study also supported the fact that sexual
assault occurs more frequently in women who are younger, more educated, and live in urban areas (Sorenson & White,
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Sexual Assault And Rape
On a college campus, a young female slowly returns to her dormitory a few hours before sunrise. She is a college freshman and she is embarrassed
and confused. Late last night, she attended a party where alcohol flowed freely, the music blared and young men and women unabashedly flirted
through the night. She vaguely remembers a young man guiding her up the stairs to a secluded room. She begins to cry as she reassures herself that
she said the word no multiple times and physically attempted to stop the young man from stripping the clothes from her body and sexually assaulting
her. She questions how she let this happen. After all, only months ago she was attending her high school graduation and weeks ago her parents were
helping her move her... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although sexual education is taught in many high schools, the explicit nature of the crime prevents much discussion about both sexual assault and
rape. For example, although anal assault is not the primary means of rape, it occurs during one in six reported assaults (Senn 135). The topic of anal
sex taboo for most high school sexual education classes. Young women who experience this particular type of assault often do not know if this fits the
definition of rape. They often believe that only vaginal penetration constitutes rape. However, rape is defined as any unwanted oral, vaginal or anal
penetration. Sexual assault refers to any unwanted sexual contact, including fondling (Field 516). When training programs for sexual assault
prevention are put in place in the first semester of college, the curriculum generically identifies the genders of the victim and predator. The examples
include stories with gender neutral names such as Taylor. Although this is a step forward in recognizing that victims of same sex sexual assaults
should not be embarrassed to seek help, this format ignores the history of sexual violence on college campuses and the fact that the overwhelming
majority of victims are women. However, many administrators believe using feminine names in the curriculum is viewed as offensive because it labels
women as vulnerable and different from men.
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Literature Review On Sexual Assault
Introduction
This literature review provides a brief overview of six scholarly articles and other facts about sexual assault .This review will first define sexual
assault as it is defined in these articles. It will analyze the strengths and limitations of the definition used and will discuss the occurrence of sexual
assault in the general population.This review will also illustrate the protective factors, barriers to recovery , impact of development and the specific
sexual assault population that are absent in these articles. Sexual assault is a societal issue that impacts men and women at every age in their life, it's
much more highly reported among college aged women. The majority of women who are victims of rape are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Issues in defining Sexual Assault
A variety of definitions are used in these articles in relation to sexual assault and the preferred definitions and term varies according to the specific
topic that is being explained. The term can also be determined according to when the experiencing of sexual assault happened. One of the articles
uses the term survivor of sexual assault when they write about the person that has recovered from being a victim of sexual assault, as well as
describing the person's ability to recover from the experience. A different article uses the term victim, in which I believe it is more difficult to
recognize and recovery from that impact in their life. Using the word survivor can be a creative way of coping with the life experience that would
otherwise be overwhelming if they use victim. Survivor can be a term used to be proud of rather than a problem or flaw. As a survivor people can
achieve ownership over their life experience.
Social Media and local news coverage of high profile famous cases of sexual assault can give a misleading perceptions of the actual cause of the
problem. Some of these articles talk about the stereotype with 'stranger danger' sexual assault and how it is actually not true.Most people who
experience sexual assault are assaulted by someone who they actually
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Sexual Assault In Canada
Anything from unwanted touching in a sexual manner to non–consensual sexual intercourse is classified as sexual assault in Canada. Male survivors of
sexual assault frequently face unsympathetic attitudes after choosing to report the criminal offence. Unfortunately, despite the similar chances of sexual
assault amongst both males and females during their teenage years, with 20% for males and 25% for females, there are fewer researches conducted on
male sexual assault in Canada (Statistics Canada 2015). A large proportion (16%) of male victims are sexually assaulted in an institutional setting,
which is over two and a half times greater than the percentage of females in the same location (Brennan 2008). The UCR2 (Uniform Crime Reporting
Survey)
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Sexual Rape And Sexual Assault
Sexual abuse is a very sensitive and serious issue in United States, yet as well as other counties. Although we all live in a modern civilize world, we
hear more and more about this unpleasant affairs happening all the time, and it seem like these problems are only increasing in every country.
Therefore, each nation have their own legal definition and law of sexual assault. The following information is an example of a legal definition and
statistic of those countries. United States – In the U.S., there just has a new definition of rape which had published on January 1, 2013. According to
FBI the new summary of rape is "Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex
organ of another person, without the consent of the victim." However, each state has their own explanation of rape and sexual assault, but will have the
similar essence. Statistic has shown that 1 out of every 6 American women has been a victim of sexual attempted (14.8% completed rape; 2.8%
attempted rape). Which means 17.7 million women have been a victims. About 3% or 1 in 33 men have faced this problem. (https://www.rainn.org
/statistics) Iran – This country has a law that "if a women is raped she is considered an adulteress and faces death by stoning. But if a woman fights off
and/or murdered rapist, she can be sentence to death." (http://www.rozanehmagazine.com/JanFeb04/womeniran.html) Many married women has
experienced sexual abuse
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Sexual Assault And Sexual Harassment
Bohmer & Parrot (1993) co–authored the "Campus Sexual Assault Victim's Bill of Rights Act of 1991." This act was signed into law in 1992. This
book in a continuation of what still needs to be done to prevent sexual assault and sexual harassment on college campuses. This book covers why
college institutions handle sexual assault poorly and the consequence of their negligence. To do this subject justice they focus on the following
questions:
1.What is the definition of sexual assault?
2.How often, who and where do sexual assaults happen?
3.What is the typical response from college campuses?
4.What are the consequences of the campuses response?
5.What are some possible solutions to sexual assaults in college campuses?
This review of Sexual Assault on Campus focus on these questions.
Bohmer & Parrot (1993) explain how definitions to labels like sexual assault and sexual harassment are used interchangeable on many campuses.
There is no universal definition to these labels in college campus across the country. Bohmer & Parrot (1993) explain that generally sexual assault is
defined as "all forms of unwanted sexual activity", deviate sexual intercourse is anal or oral sex, acquaintance rape is rape in which "the victim and the
assailant know each other", and sexual harassment is "sexual activity that is related to abuse of power" . The problem, however, lies when college
administration uses these terms interchangeably and have only one policy for any sexual misconduct.
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The Imperfect Process Of Campus Sexual Assault Adjudication
The Imperfect Process of Campus Sexual Assault Adjudication It's a statistic that has circled around the nation for years, one that imprints fear into
the minds of young adults and rage into those that demand justice: 1 in 5 female college students will experience sexual assault in the duration of their
college career (Clark), with only 20% of those rapes being reported to the police (Hefling). As a topic that is so highlighted in American society, there is
a strict demand for an organized, thorough investigation that will result in justice served. Controversy regarding whether the colleges themselves or the
criminal justice system should adjudicate the punishment for these vile crimes has arisen; some believe that as an actual crime, these assaults should be
taken in a legal stance in order to serve justice at its fullest extent. Others believe that determining punishment through the court system is too
nerve–wracking for the victims and that by allowing colleges to do so is the only way they can avoid feeling "skepticism" by the police, juries, or
courts (Know Your IX). However, when juxtaposing the capabilities of the colleges and the court system when it comes to the adjudication process, it
is evident that the courts are more competent in determining punishments for campus sexual assaults. It has been argued that colleges are more
equipped for attending to the emotional well–being of campus sexual assault victims. Title IX, a federal gender equity law passed in 1972
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Sexual Assault Effects
Victims of rape and sexual are assault are at risk of contracting a sexual transmitted disease. It's hard to ascertain as to whether the victim of the
assault was infected prior to the assault or during. In any case, victims of rape and sexual assault are at risk for more than 20 known sexually
transmitted diseases. The number of occurrences ranges from 5%–30% depending on the sample (Murphy, Munday, & Jeffries, 1990).The risk of
contracting HIV from a sexual assault is relatively low with estimated rates of transmission every instance being at approximately 1 in 500. (Gostin,
Lazzarini, Alexander, Brandt, Mayer, & Silverman, 1994).
Unwanted pregnancy is another physical concern for the victim. According to the National Women's Study relatively... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is important to have Godly spiritual support following an attack. God says in His word that the prayers of his people are effective. Jas 5:12 says
"Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth
much." Victims of assault need the healing that only God can give. It is important to seek out a fellow Christian for prayer and spiritual guidance in
the healing process after a sexual assault. Getting the support of an educated counselor is critically important following an attack so a sense of
control can be restored to the victim (James & Gillian ,2013). Seeking out the right counseling after such a trauma is vital. Proverbs 11:14 says
"Where no counsel is, the people fall: but in the multitude of counsellors there is safety." (KJV). Counseling is an important part of the recovery
process. A counselor helps the victim process what has happened to them and help put support systems in place with the goal of minimizing the
residual effects the attack has on the victim's life. (James & Gillian ,2013).
Conclusion and Final
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Sexual Assault Interview
I interviewed two women and one man about the University of Iowa's efforts with respect to sexual assault on campus. The first person I interviewed
was a twenty–one year old woman from England named Gina. Michaela, an eighteen year old female from a small–town Southern Baptist high school,
was the second female I interviewed. The only man I interviewed was Matt, a 19 year old male from a mid–sized town. I began by asking each of my
interviewees what messages they had heard about sexual assault on the University of Iowa campus and where they had heard these messages. Gina
talked about a time in which she saw people walking around with t–shirts on about sexual assault awareness and was reminded of a lesson she had on it
in a Global On Iowa ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our conversations prompted some other questions about the background knowledge they had on sexual assault, and how the University talked
about it versus how their prior schools had discussed the subject. It was interesting to get a male point of view on the topic because I, along with a
lot of other women on campus, feel like they don't have to deal with the topic of sexual assault as much as we do. Especially with the required
attendance of lectures and educationals on the subject for both the University and the Greek Life programs. I felt frustrated at times that we all wanted
more information about the sexual assaults that have occurred on campus, but we obviously didn't want to information about the victim to become
public knowledge as it is their private business. I would agree with a majority of the responses given to the questions, especially the discussion of the
"My Cup is Not My Consent" campaign. As well–intentioned as it was, that campaign is more a joke now, and we don't want to the University of Iowa
to be unintentionally promoting rape–jokes. I also think that the men on campus should be required to attend just as many sexual assault seminars as
the women do. This issue should be just as much theirs as ours. Perhaps if everyone had a better understanding what to look for in potential sexual
assault situations, then there would be less sexual assaults occurring on campus.
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Rape And Sexual Assault
Rape and sexual assault is a prevailing issue on college campuses. This is a social problem that needs to gain the attention of universities, law
enforcement, students and society alike. Sexual victimization on campus is any non–consensual sexual acts against a person that is attending a
university. Sexual victimization can take on many different forms, including but not limited to sexual harassment, stalking, groping, sexing, sexual
imposition, sexual coercion, rape as well as several others.
Campus life is unique environment. Universities are a melting pot of different people from different backgrounds coming together in a common place.
College is typically a time where people 18 to 23 explore their sexuality, couple that with limited parental and authoritative oversight and living spaces
that put thousands of similarly aged individuals in close living spaces; you have an tremendous increase in the opportunity for sexual interaction.
Universities are also unique because of the influence of drugs and alcohol. The culture of intoxication lowers inhibitions and creates yet more
opportunities for sexual encounters. Likewise students face peer pressures and expectations that they should be having sex or looking for sex, leading
to increased encounters. Another pervasive issue is the existence of rape myths; rape myths precipitate sexual assaults because they allow offenders to
believe that they are not doing anything wrong, and they influence victims not to report because they
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Female Victims Of Sexual Assault
Within society, there is an engrained belief of what makes a person a legitimate victim and often their status as a 'victim' is questioned. This is
especially true if the victim does not fit the typical stereotype of who is considered to be a legitimate victim. This is most widely illustrated in cases
involving male victims of sexual assault.
The introduction of Nils Christie's 'Ideal victim' theory (1986: 18) refers to victims of crime who can attain the status of a legitimate victim in the eyes
of the public. Christie outlines a criteria which needs to be followed in order to gain this full status of a 'legitimate victim'. Christie's 'ideal victim'
however is not the same as a legal victim and often real victims of crime deviate far from the concept of the ideal victim (Beck & Janbakhsh 2010).
This therefore means that using Christie's ideal victim theory to give someone the title of a legitimate victim is often detrimental. Male victims of
sexual assault often deviate from the 'ideal victim' criteria set out by Christie, this means that when they encounter the justice system, their experiences
are often marginalised or discounted entirely.
The stereotype of who a typical sexual assault victim is, is also detrimental to abide by as male victims of sexual assault will often fear being blamed
and feel emasculated as a result of their victimisation. The continuation of stereotypic types of victims when considering a certain crime can often
distort the seriousness of sexual
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Victims Of Sexual Assault
525,6000 minutes in a year; every 2 minutes a sexual assault occurs. That's an average of 293,066 victims every year (Langton and Truman). Rape
cases have made headlines in national newspapers; even have gone viral on social media. Recently, the public's reactions to these stories have become
a problem of its own. Campaigns have been created to help raise awareness of the backlash rape victim's experience. "She was asking for it,"
"She shouldn't have been drinking," Women are usually the focus of the majority of these campaigns. Many people naturally associate the pronoun
"she" with sexual assault. The reality is that rape is not gender specific, men are also victims of sexual assault.
Male sexual assault is an issue that is essentially forgotten. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Men do not want to be seen as weak, or feminine; two stigmas commonly used to characterize rape victims. Women are seen as weak and
subordinate, to be overpowered by a woman and forced to do something contradicts social norms. In America, women can be convicted of rape, but
in the United Kingdom, rape is defined by the involvement of penetration (Silent Suffering 4). In some places of the world, when a man is assaulted
by a woman it is not even considered a crime. These victims have to face a more serve backlash. Robbie Woodsum, a student at George Mason
University, explained how men are less comfortable reporting their assaults because of the emphasis on the crime being only against females (The
Hunting
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Sexual Assault Limitations
"Only 344 out of every 1,000 sexual assaults are reported to police. That means about 2 out of 3 go unreported." (Rainn 1). Many victims of sexual
assault don't report the assault for certain reason, but there are some that can not report the assault because it is past the statute of limitations. The
statute of limitations is how long a person has to report a crime or how long the police can pursue a crime. The statute of limitations on sexual assault
can range from 3 to 30 years depending of the 'type' of assault and the age of the victim. Sexual Assault should not have a statute of limitations because
of the psychological effects and the time it takes for a victim to recover. In fact many victims who were sexually assaulted as children don't realize that
they were assaulted until they are adults because the memories of the assault were repressed.
On the one hand, some argue that psychological effects can interfere with a victim's testimony. The psychological trauma that a victim suffers from
being sexually assaulted can have effects that can last for decades. California Coalition Against Sexual Assault often report that after being assaulted
victims feel "shame, self–loathing and fear" and Joelle Casteix is no exception. "It took me years to understand the extent of my abuse and recover
enough to come forward, but by that time, the criminal and civil statutes of limitations had expired. Even though I had evidence that my choir director
had sexually assaulted me, there was nothing I could do to stop him from targeting other vulnerable teens" (Casteix 1). Casteix's point is that many
victims don't understand that they were assaulted until after the limitations. This makes it very difficult for victims to come forward about their assault
because when an assault is reported after the limitations very little can be done for the victim. It had taken Casteix years to understand what had
happened to her before she had came forward only to be told that her case couldn't be prosecuted even with evidence because she apparently had taken
too long to recover from her assault.
For victims it can take years or even decades to be able to recover from their assault, not just physically, but also mentally. Recovering
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The Problem Of Sexual Assault
Start blaming the system, not the victim. Sexual assault is a crime that is very common, yet the punishment perpetrators receive is not as harsh as it
needs to be to reduce the occurrence of these crimes. Laws concerning sexual crimes have been edited over decades to be stricter however, sex
offenders typically receive little or no punishment. Sexual Assault is defined as any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit
consent of the recipient ("Sexual Assault"). Victims of sexual assault are often blamed as the reason for thecrime being committed while the blame is
taken away from the offender. Harsher punishment must be enacted on sex offenders because the victims suffer conflict from the crime throughout their
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each state also has its own sex offender registration, which requires any individual convicted of sex offense to be officially registered as a sex offender
in the state in which they live, this registration includes the documentation of the perpetrator 's name, address, and information regarding the crime.
The opinion of the judge greatly affects how the sex offender is punished, which is the main issue concerning the punishment of these offenders
because the judge could have a strong opinion about sexual assault in favor of either the victim or the criminal.
Victims of sexual assault suffer from a wide variety of mental and emotional issues throughout their lives as a result of the experience. Results can
range from depression, anger, feelings of loneliness, and difficulty when trying to formulate relationships of trust (Hyde 45). Victims experience a
wide variety of psychological issues as a result of sexual crimes, which they will have to carry with them throughout their entire lives. Also,
"Psychological problems can start later in life with changes in behavior– vague fears, feeling unprotected and helpless, nightmares, bedwetting, sleeping
problems, fear to loss parents approval/love, need to please others, poor self esteem, anger, depression, withdrawal from activities, daydreaming,
difficulty concentrating, behavior problems" (Hyde 47).
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Sexual Assault In College Essay
Sexual Assualt: End the Epidemic Jade does not receive adequate treatment from her counselor when reporting a recent sexual assault. Her integrity is
questioned, and the counselor advises her to forget the incident ever happened. The rapist receives no punishment or consequences for his actions.
Cases similar to this hypothetical situation occur regularly. Victims ofsexual assault often resort to dropping their cases due to the lack of support and
services offered by the college. Students continue to fight for the fair treatment of everyone on campus. The problem with reporting sexual assault
during college lies in the unfair treatment of the victims and the limited consequences and punishment for the rapist. Colleges have attempted to lower
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Problems arise when colleges do not supply their students with adequate support, and allowing repeat offenders to remain in the college. The college
can prevent possible obstacles by creating an environment to encourage reporting and discourage sexual assault. Also, the elimination of repeat
offenders will prevent future sexual assault on campus. Interactive workshops and early education provide essential knowledge about sexual assault
and general safety to students entering college. A single prevention effort will not end sexual assault, but through collaboration with education and
preventative actions could lead to a safer environment for college
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Sexual Assault And Sexual Aggression

  • 1. Sexual Assault And Sexual Aggression The definition of sexual assault is often blurred in today's society, as the rate of these cases increases rapidly this simple definition seems as if it should be known. In reality defining a specific event or act as sexual assault can be very difficult because of the many situations and different accusations that arise throughout the large number of complicated cases. To reduce the number of these sometimes gruesome cases, there needs to be a goal to look toward while working to reduce this crime. These situations occur for reasons unexplainable to many, but there are certain things that lead to the increased number of sexual assaults. Sexual references sell. Sexuality is advertised more than any other system of persuasion when attempting to sell a product. This does not pertain to the product being sold, in all honesty the product is irrelevant to consumers. The one and only thing that matters to the consumer is the way the item is being advertised, and the most common way of advertising is in a sexual context. This ultimately has a faint place in the increase of sexual assault cases because of subliminal advertising and messaging. Subliminal messages are used to pass the normal lines of perception, and they are usually not detected by the conscious mind but are perceived by the unconscious and deeper mind. This could easily play a role in the increase of sexual assault cases throughout the country, which is most evident in college students because of the large amount of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. Sexual Assault Policies Essay Many universities across the United States have reformed their sexual assault policies. Their new policies provide a clear understanding as to what qualifies as sexual assault. Opponents claimed that affirmative consent policies are impractical and ineffective ("Sexual Assault"). For consenting couples, anxiety over meeting the new standard will make sex joyless and add confusion and complications ("Sexual Assault"). On the other hand, supporters argued that "no means no" did not cover all possible sexual assault scenarios ("Sexual Assault"). Therefore, states adopted a "yes means yes" policy ("Sexual Assault"). California's efforts marked the first time this policy was codified by a law ("Sexual Assault"). The legislation requires colleges ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Colleges and universities often do not execute strict punishments when it comes to sexual assault on campus. The police, prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, and juries do not always view date rape as a serious offense (Neumann). Until government officials consider rape a significant violation when compared to other major crimes, colleges and universities will not establish sterner punishments for rapists. Colleges and universities also tend to diminish their punishments for the "star" athletes at the school. One study concluded that while athletes constitute 3.3% of the college population, they perpetrate 19% of all sexual assaults on campus (Ajo). Although male athletes commit multiple sexual assault crimes on campus, they are punished leniently. Researchers contend that when sexual assault crimes are committed by athletes, society fails to label the act a crime and does not impose harsh sanctions (Ajo). In fact, many boosters come to the defense of the team they so love (Ajo). In order to discourage college students from committing sexual assault crimes, harsher punishments need to be set in place. If the consequences for students' actions intensified, the number of sexual assault cases executed on college campuses would decrease. Rape needs to be considered a serious offense in order for victims of sexual assault cases to attain ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 3. Sexual Assault Cases "I thought it was a progressive school. I thought the resources they advertised from the beginning were real resources I could count on. I felt even more betrayed when they failed me and then refused to acknowledge my earnest desires and pleas for them to evaluate what was happening to me" said Emma Sulkowicz, a student at Columbia University who was sexually assaulted and protested the lack of punishment the man who attacked her received by carrying around a 50 pound mattress, of her frustrations and disappointments towards her university (qtd. in Kim). The FBI says that rape is the second most serious crime, after murder (Mantel). Sadly, about twenty to twenty five percent of women will experience some form of sexual assault during the time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Prosecutors and police officers may be less likely to believe victims if they have no signs of physical abuse like cuts, bruises, or scrapes, or if they have known their attackers for a long time (Hilgenkamp 163). Victims often feel ashamed and humiliated for bringing their experiences forward and become frustrated and furtherly emotionally damaged (Hilgenkamp 163). Dealing with sexual assault cases differently based on the victim's state and story is unfair to the survivor and will only further hurt someone who has already suffered through a traumatic ordeal since it causes them feel as though they are not being listened to or heard. In addition to investigations that are often biased and poorly conducted, the number of convictions made in sexual assault cases is astonishingly small. A few years ago, "The Chicago Tribune published the results of a study involving 171 campus sex complaints at six Midwestern universities. Twelve of the accused perpetrators were arrested, and only four were convicted" (Hedelman and Brown). Due to the low conviction rates, many women feel as though their allegations of having been sexually assaulted are not being taken seriously or even acknowledged (Hedelman and Brown). Unfortunately, sexual assault is a popular crime on college campuses, but when victims bring their stories forward to law enforcers, they are not taken seriously and severe punishments are rarely given to assaulters, which further harms people who have already been wrongly treated. Police and investigators have to change the ways in which they deal with sexual assault cases because investigations are unfairly biased and are usually so inaccurately conducted that most offenders ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. Sexual Assault Is Rape Rape and sexual assault are both very serious problems that affects millions of people around the world each year. Rape is defined as penetration or attempted penetration, but the definition of sexual assault is much broader. It is considered rape when someone takes advantage of another individual sexually. Sexual assault can be verbal, physical, or anything that involves a person with unwanted sexual contact or attention. Rape is one of the most underreported crimes. Victims often do not report rape because of shame or feeling that it was their fault although It is never the victim's fault. "Victim blaming" is when you blame the victim for the crime. Most often than not, victims are assaulted because of what perpetrators call "False hope", ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 5. Sexual Assault In Canada Sexual assault is a problem that occurs in every country, town, and village in the world. A Canadian may hold themselves to a higher standard when looking at less developed countries, either socially or economically. Yet, somehow they are the same when it comes to humiliating sexual assault victims in courts trials. The Criminal Code provisions, however, are really great when it comes to sexual assault. There is a definition of consent or more explicitly its absence, and the Supreme Court of Canada has sworn that consent be on–going and positive. Nevertheless, it is our social norms that these laws are delivered through that need to be changed. The justice system today has a big problem of re–victimizing survivors of sexual assault, abusing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Going to trial for sexual assault cases really should not leave the victim traumatized. "The witnesses who testify have always felt that it is they who were on trial rather than the person who they understood as having assaulted them," said Constance Backhouse, a lawyer at the faculty of law at the University of Ottawa. These lawyers will have a much better understanding on how to deal with sexual abuse cases. The lawyers will take into account the survivors mental health during the trial. There should be a more ethical standard on the judges and lawyers in the court proceedings. Lawyers who violate these standards should have strong actions taken against them. They were taught what is expected of them in court and the excuse many use today, on being ignorant and biased on the topic, should no longer be accepted. Of course, when there is a high risk in citizen's safety, it has to be a matter of the criminal justice system, where the public and the citizens are both looking for the accused to be in jail. A court will have its own and new way of dealing with the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. Pros And Cons Of Sexual Assault How educated a person is when it comes to sexual assault plays a huge role in the committing of assault. David Lisak, a retired professor of psychology found that there is little to no difference between incarcerated rapists and undetected campus rapists (rapists who were never charged). He conducted a survey with men asking questions like, "Have you ever had sexual intercourse with an adult when they didn't want to because you used physical force if they didn't cooperate?" or "Have you ever had sexual intercourse with someone, even though they didn't want to because they were too intoxicated to resist?" He ultimately discovered that a lot of those men would confess to such crimes only because they didn't consider it assault (Myers). His research sheds light on the fact that a lot of college men are not as educated on sexual assault as they should be. That lack of knowledge would expose itself when those guys are touching and/or grabbing a girl in a way that is wrong. If a guy is touching a girl and she obviously doesn't want to be touched, how much more traumatizing is it for her knowing that he doesn't see anything wrong with what he is doing? Knowing what is and isn't sexual assault should not be a hard concept to grasp. The lack of education those young college men have, is a reason many of them don't see much wrong with sexual assault. Starting better education programs to get new college students aware of how wrong sexual assault is, is pivotal in putting a stop to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 7. Sexual Assault : The Effects On Trauma Sexual Assault: The Effects on Trauma According to RAINN, "Every 98 seconds an American is sexually assaulted." That being said within the course of a year, 321,500 are victims of sexual violence. Ages 13–34 remain at the highest risk of sexual assault and 90% of them are victimized females. Take a second to think back to the age of thirteen, imagine how life would differ knowing howsexual assault affects someone. People who have been raped or sexually assaulted suffer serious physical and/or psychological consequences: psychological effects, physical changes and PTSD. Fight, flight or freeze, the body's natural response to fear and threat of their own person, but the question still stands; what happens to the brain after going through trauma? When the brain goes through trauma it becomes difficult to properly treat. Every single part of the brain is affected including the senses. When the body reacts in a situation causing fear, the parts of the brain begin to go into survival mode. What will the response be? To fight and defend or running away from the danger at hand? Freezing in the place presently standing in? The misconception with sexual assault; when given the opportunity to learn self–defense, an individual can break free. However, no one can predict what one's self will do in a crisis situation. The brain shrinks, believe it or not, the hippocampus which centers as the memory bank of the brain, and the prefrontal cortex cannot distinguish between fear and function. The amygdala increases in size and cannot control emotions rationally. "People with PTSD can find it hard to control their emotions as the amygdala (responsible for emotional regulation) is in overdrive, due to its increase in physical size. Short term memory loss can also affect those with PTSD as the hippocampus (responsible for memory and experience assimilation) actually shrinks. PTSD can make you feel frightened no matter what you're doing – your medial prefontal cortex is responsible for this (its role is to regulate emotion and fear responses) as it can't regulate itself or function properly after trauma," (ptsduk.org). The brain is continuously affected by sexual assault and creates an repeated nightmare for the rest of their ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8. Sexual Assaults On Campus Campuses Most college campuses have no reports of sexual assaults on campus. This statistic is very inaccurate. The current statistics are that 9% of campuses report that rapes have happened on campus and the other 91% state that there has never been a rape on or around campus.Those estimated numbers seem hard to believe. Especially with cases such as the victim of the Stanford Rapist Brock Turner . After a year of practically living in hell. Turner's victim had to face him in court on trial. Turner and his defendant team tried to minimize the seriousness of the situation by stating that the accused and the victim were under the influence of alcohol. Turner alleged could not be responsibility for his actions because of the accused state of confusion to whether it was content or not. A year after his original testimony Turner went on to say that it was indeed consensual and that the victim enjoyed it. The victim asked to give a statement directionally to her accuser. In this statement she described the events that lead up to the assault. The victim's sister was home from school for the weekend and they were having dinner with their parents. The sister had plans to attend a frat party with her friends, however , the woman originally was going to stay home and watch tv. The plans changed when she had decided to go along seeing her sister was home and she wanted to enjoy time with her. On the way to the party the victim made jokes about being the oldest person at the party, once she ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 9. Paper On Sexual Assault Introduction of Subject The military has made progress in reducing sexual assault and connecting victims to services. Sexual assault runs against the grain of military standards of service and value, yet it continues to happen. Repercussions for reporting these assaults are creating challenges for our service members, and hindering the progress of their mental and physical care. Continued and expanded efforts are needed to help support survivors and work to prevent sexual violence from occurring. Policy changes to the current reporting procedures could eradicate sexual violence and reduce the stigma surrounding the taboo topic. Research There is a widespread misconception among civilians and service members alike that amending the way ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... "Active duty" refers to a service person who works full time or is in full–time training in the military, excluding the National Guard (DOD, 2010b). The reserve and National Guard are subsets of the military branches that have members who might not be on active duty (DOD, 2010b). The military as a whole is largely male, with approximately 14% to 18% of active, reserve, and National Guard positions held by females (DOD, 2010a). The age range of the armed forces spans from 18 years old to older than 40 years old, with 44.2% of active–duty members and 33.3% of reserve and guard members younger than 25 (DOD, 2010a). SAPRO Since October 1995, the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office (SAPRO) has been the organization responsible for the oversight of the DOD's Sexual Assault Prevention and Response (SAPR) Policy. SAPRO is congressionally mandated to serve as the department's single point of accountability for sexual assault policy matters and provides oversight to ensure that each of the military services' (Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force) SAPR programs complies with DOD policy (Mengeling, Booth, Torner, & Sadler, 2014). While SAPR programs assist with the necessities of heath care, mental health, and legal services, all that is needed to comply with the DOD policy is the offering of two options of mandated reporting. Current Sexual Assault Reporting Policy Two options are available for military service members, and their dependents, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10. Sexual Assault In Schools While a great deal of crimes go unreported in the United States, by far the most common is sexual assault. While this crime is usually associated with women being the victims, men can also be assaulted. Sexual assault is different from other crimes, in that the victims often feel like it is their fault that the crime happened. The majority of these victims are attending college, and are on campus when the crime takes place. A multitude of colleges in the past have been pushing sexual assault cases under the rug. Recently, new laws and efforts have been made so that people are aware of what happens at colleges and are not afraid to speak up about their sexual assault experiences. Sexual assault is the most underreported crime in America due ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Colleges have begun to share the number of sexual assault cases that occur on campus and are making efforts in order to produce a smaller number. They are trying to influence more victims to speak up about sexual assault and are creating an easier way to report these crimes on college campuses. Today, there are multiple solutions to solving the crime of sexual assault, and a substantial amount of these methods are being implemented at colleges nationwide. While sexual assault is common on numerous school campuses and is the most underreported crime in America, the government, along with colleges, are doing what they can in order to persuade more victims to report it and prevent it from ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 11. Sexual Assault And Sexual Assaults Essay Sexual Assault is one of the most feared topics on campus because of different experiences that people face on their life. These request is to create a student organization on campus name FASPVA which stands for Fight Against Sexual Physical or Verbal Assault. College campuses have a high rated numbers of sexual assault compared to non–college campus because of major reasons like parties, alcohol, fraternities and sororities. Whether it is rape, abused or sexual assault the gender who encounter these issues are women and they are less likely to report it because of the person who did it or they are afraid of the consequences of them reporting it or just wondered whether there would be any justice at all or not. Almost all the sexual assault incidents are men acts but the women are blamed for it because of the way they dress, act or their actions. Most women who are victims of sexual assaults don't acknowledge these facts or don't do it on propose. In the reading "Fraternities and Rape on Campus" by Yancey Martin and Robert A.Hummer, they argue that Fraternities use their parties and their use of alcohol and drugs to influence women and to sexually assault them. It's hard to feel or understand someone else's feelings unless you are the victim. In "I want a Twenty–Four–Hour Truce" reading of Andrea Dworkins, she points out how freedom, male supremacy, the gender inequality and feminism relates to theses sexual assault and rape on campus. In "Beyond Yes or No: Consent as ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. Campus Sexual Assault Sexual Assault on College Campuses Sexual assault on college campuses is a subject that comes up commonly in media today, usually due to the fact that these assaults happen on a regular basis. About one in four women and one in seven men are victims of some form of sexual violence during their college experience (Abooali). In most occurances when speaking about sexual assault on campus, people are talking about what the main cause of these cases of sexual assault could be, and if there is any way to prevent it from happening. There are many factors that play into these sexual assaults such as alcohol consumption, peer pressure, society's normalization of these assaults, and party culture. The term sexual assault is used by researchers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Due to the large amounts of research on these events, there has been more legislative action taken to prevent sexual violence on college campuses (Abooali). These acts include, but are not limited to: the Student Right–to–Know and Campus Security Act of 1990, which was renamed in 1998 to the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act; Campus Sexual Assault Victim's Bill of Rights of 1992, Campus Sex Crimes and Prevention Act of 1998, National Campus Safety Awareness Month of 2008, and the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008. All of these acts, along with others, have been set in place to assist in the prevention of sexual assault on college campuses. Although these events still continue to happen, there will be more developments and advancements in the prevention of these assaults in the coming years. The more notice that is drawn to sexual violence on college campuses, the more these assaults will stop ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. Sexual Assault Prevention It's useless to acknowledge a problem and not offer any sort of improvement or suggestions. College and Universities should be responsible for providing sexual assault prevention as well as awareness especially to freshman and sophomores since most sexual assaults happen in the first two years of college. It is important that sexual assault prevention strategies be set up in a matter where incoming students are educated as soon as enrollment is completed. Programs should focus on both prevention for women who have not experienced any sexual assault and also provide prevention to those have experienced it before. Providing accurate information on legal definitions of sexual assault, the extent of sexual assault among college women, and risk ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Something that I think is extremely important is to teach sexual assault resistance strategies to reduce harm like protection from men that women know and trust since most women are sexually assaulted by men they know. Women should be taught how to increase their assertiveness and self–efficacy as well as inform them how to report to police or school officials as soon as possible. They must also be informed on the different types of services on and off campus available to them and how they could be utilized. The importance of reporting incidents of attempted and completed sexual assault to mental and physically health service providers and law enforcement personnel can change their life since everyone handles their assault differently but it's also crucial to not stay silent. Most importantly, programs for men to prevent sexual assault perpetration could provide accurate information on legal definitions and legal penalties for sexual assault. It's extremely crucial to inform men that they are ultimately responsible for determining whether or not a woman has consented to sexual contact and whether or not a woman is capable of providing consent. They should be informed that an intoxicated person can't legally consent to sexual contact and that having sexual contact with an intoxicated or incapacitated person is unacceptable and considered sexual ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14. An Epidemic Of Sexual Assaults Across The Nation In most recent years there has been an epidemic of sexual assaults across the nation. In the United States alone, a rape occurs every 6.2 minutes resulting in 1 out of every 5 women as well as 1 out of every 71 men being sexually assaulted or raped in their lifetime. This problem has been something that has been hushed for many years affecting the lives of the victims for a lifetime. We the nation need to take a stand to teach our young men and women that it is inappropriate to violate a person's personal space without consent. This problematic phenomenon has not only affected the lives of the people throughout today's society, but has become a tremendous outbreak within college campuses. On average they are thousands of complaints made... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... On the contrary, the university and the police department turned their backs on her. They refused to run a DNA test on the football star immediately doing nothing for ten months. Next came victim blaming, where statements were made saying she was a liar and how unfortunate it was for him to go through this turmoil that can affect his career. Ultimately, the case got dismissed and the football star made no apologies and answered no questions, only making a statement saying any sex that happened was consensual. There lies the problem with the college institutions, they allowed this man to get away with this crime simply because he was an asset to the university. This act makes us wonder what resources are put in place to protect young women from situations like this, and how many more instances has to occur for the system to change. In these universities they are school psychologists that are supposed to be there to assists and offer help to the young women and men who are victims of this crime and many others. In most cases an intervention is carried out by the helping professionals of the university are there to provide some solutions to the problem being faced. Some of the interventions consists of assessment and education. This is a phase where the victim builds up the strength to speak to the psychologist about the trauma, in this session the psychologists leaves room for the victim to feel ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. Sexual Assault And Sexual Aggression Not a day goes by where we don't see or hear about a story of sexual assault; whether it be on the news, someone we know personally, or a story we see on social media. Sexual assault is any unwanted sexual act against a person or without a person's consent. Sexual assault refers to any sexual, physical, verbal or visual act that is forced upon a person. "Every 107 seconds, another American is sexually assaulted. This is an average of 293,000 victims each year" (Statistics). The culture in the United States can be defined as a rape culture. Emilie Buchwald, author of Transforming a Rape Culture, defines rape culture as "a complex set of beliefs that encourage male sexual aggression and supports violence against women. It is a society where violence is seen as sexy and sexuality as violent... In a rape culture both men and women assume that sexual violence is a fact of life" (What is Rape Culture?). Examples of living in a rape culture include things like blaming the victim and teaching women to avoid getting raped rather than teaching men not to rape. Factors that play a role in creating a rape culture is the gap between men and women, gender roles, and the porn industry. Sex and gender are words that we interchange, but they mean completely different things. Sex refers to the biological characteristics that a person receives while they are developing, like their primary and secondary sex characteristics. Gender is the cultural or social norms that society places on a given ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. Sexual Assault On Campus Sexual Assault on Campus "Among undergraduate students, 23.1% of females and 5.4% of males experience rape or sexual assault" (RAINN). Rape is a threat virtually anywhere people go, but no place has a higher risk for sexual assault than college campuses. However, many of these occurrences go without penalties against the attacker, and even more are not reported at all. The lack of consequences for the accused indirectly suggests that rape and other forms of sexual assault are allowable and create further problems for the victims of the horrendous actions. Harsher punishments need to be given out for sexual assault on campus, as the current rulings are biased and immoral. One of the most recent, and famous, cases of sexual assault on campus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... One of the most influential of these are the affirmative consent laws. These laws are defined as "the choice of some schools to require the presence of ongoing agreement, not just the absence of refusal, in sexual encounters" (Boyd). The presence of affirmative consent laws would greatly help the victims in their cases, as without confirmation that the attacked was consensual throughout the entirety of the incident, the accused would be unable to be let off without some form of punishment. Despite this, the laws are currently not enforced in the majority of campuses, leaving victims susceptible to unfair judgments that are in favor of the accused, as rape is often unreasonably viewed as being acceptable if the person had never objected, even if they had not given consent. Additionally, even if they state that they protested the actions, numerous people can also claim that they are lying. In the case of people that had been drunk, unconscious, or otherwise unable to give a logical or coherent answer when being attacked, the blame will often be put on them, despite the obvious horrendous acts of the attacker. Moreover, laws stating the severity of these crimes and how harsh the punishments should be are often overlooked, or not fully enforced, like the affirmative consent laws. In the aforementioned case of Brock Turner, his sentencing was particularly light, even for someone who received some form of sentence, as he faced a maximum of fourteen years in prison, while the prosecutors asked for at least six years (Cleary). The lack of punishments given to sexual predators will go on to further harm the attacked and give the impression that there is nothing wrong with sexual ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 17. Sexual Assault And Sexual Abuse Sexual assault is any sexual activity where the victim and the villain are not in agreement. It is a non consensual act that involves coercion. A person who is sexually assaulted is tricked or forced into the act to satisfy the sexual desires of the perpetrator. It is considered a crime and it is entrenched in the laws of different states. Legally,sexual assault is encompasses all the forced activities that relate to sexual abuse. In many states, the legal definitions vary. Some consider it as any forced sexual intercourse while others include indecent assault. Some of the common acts that are defined under sexual abuse are; rape which is the coerced penetration into the vagina, anus or oral sex, incest which is the sexual abuse by a close relative, indecent assault which involves any acts that defy decency such as touching another person inappropriately and in some cases domestic violence is incorporated. Sexual harassment can be experienced by any member of the society who includes men, women, children, and the elderly. The North Carolina General Statutes divides sexual assault into various degrees. First is the first degree rape that entails vaginal intercourse with child below 13 years of age while the perpetrator is above 12 years. Second degree rape involves years old and four years elder than the victim. It is also defined as rape by employing a deadly weapon according to the victims' perception, and the perpetrator causes injury to the victim. Second degree rape ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18. Sexual Assault And Sexual Harassment Bohmer & Parrot (1993) co–authored The Campus Sexual Assault Victim's Bill of Rights Act of 1991. President George H. W. Bush signed this act was signed into law in 1992. This book in a continuation of what still needs to be done to prevent sexual assault and sexual harassment on college campuses. This book covers why college institutions handle sexual assault poorly and the consequence of their negligence. To do this subject justice they focus on the following questions: 1.What is the definition of sexual assault? 2.How often, who and where do sexual assaults happen? 3.What is the typical response from college campuses? 4.What are the consequences of the campus's response? 5.What are some possible solutions to sexual assaults on college campuses? This review of Sexual Assault on Campus: The Problem and the Solution will focus on these questions. Bohmer & Parrot (1993) explain how definitions to labels like sexual assault and sexual harassment are used interchangeably on many college campuses. There is no universal definition for these labels among college campuses across the United States. The authors explain that generally the definitions of sexual assault is "all forms of unwanted sexual activity", deviate sexual intercourse is anal or oral sex, acquaintance rape is rape in which "the victim and the assailant know each other", and sexual harassment is "sexual activity that is related to abuse of power" (Bohmer & Parrot,1993). The problem, however, comes when ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 19. Sexual Assault And Its Effects On Society Essay When presented with this project, we chose to focus on sexual assault because it is a harsh realistic nightmare that poses reoccurring issues in our society. The goal of our campaign is to not only spread awareness about sexual assault, but also to educate about the topic. Although sexual assault is a very common occurrence, it is a sensitive topic; which leads to people and victims feeling hesitant to talk about it, causing so many cases to remain untouched and victims silenced. For our project, we decided to focus on reaching out to our peers since most of them are in college or ages 18–24, where sexual assault is at an all time high. However, sexual assault is not limited strictly to college campuses or other professional academic settings so everything that we are posting relates to anyone – because of the sad truth that sexual assault can happen anytime, to anyone at anywhere. To begin our campaign, we created a Facebook page and an Instagram account. The Facebook page was simple to create and has been effective thus far; because of its popularity between adults and even teenagers in high school, we had several likes on our Facebook page. Our goal was to get at least 35 likes for the "NU Sexual Assault Awareness Campaign," but within hours of launching it, we got nearly 50 and are currently have nearly 100 likes! On our Instagram account, we have almost 30 followers and frequent likes on all of our photos; perhaps since it is a less popular social media site it is ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. The Prosecution Of Sexual Assault The prosecution of sexual assault is unlike the prosecution of any other criminal offence. There an intense focus on the character and motivation of the complainant. Traditionally, this focus has translated into a preoccupation with aspects of the complainant 's behavior which is not immediately related to the circumstances of the offence. One example is whether the complainant provided a "recent complaint" after the assault. This focus also results in an extraordinary interest in the demonstration of proof of resistance by the complainant and the corresponding application of force by the perpetrator, though neither is an element of the crime. A proper appreciation of the law in this area requires an understanding of the legal evolution of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It is not mentioned in our conversations and that silence contributes to the continuation of domestic and sexual violence. As early as the year 800, rape was a capital offense in Anglo–Saxon England. In 1769, William Blackstone, the leading eighteenth–century authority on common law in both England and the colonies, defined "common law rape" as the "carnal knowledge of a woman forcibly and against her will" (Samaha). The definition boiled down to four elements: Sexual intercourse by force or a threat of severe bodily harm (actus reus). Intentional vaginal intercourse (mens rea). Intercourse between a man and a woman who wasn't his wife (attendant circumstance). Intercourse without the woman's consent (attendant circumstance). The common law required proof beyond a reasonable doubt of all four elements. In the common law trials, rape victims were allowed to testify against accused rapists; it was up to the jury to decide whether to believe them. But the victim's credibility depended on three conditions, always difficult (and often impossible) to satisfy: Her chastity, whether she promptly reported the rape, whether other witnesses corroborated the rape (womanslawproject.org). By the 1970s and 1980s was a time of major reform of sex offense laws. First, states changed rape prosecution procedures that had been in effect since the 1600s. Many states abolished the corroboration rule that required the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 21. Effects Of Sexual Assault In Canada "Half of all women in Canada have experienced at least one incident of physical or sexual violence since age 16" (CanadianWomen.org). Most cases of sexual assault are not treated as seriously by the law as they should be. Victims of sexual assault often blame for the incident. Sexual assault can have long term effects on a person. Sexual assault is not considered to be a serious offence in todays society. A lot of sexual assault cases are not taken seriously, even though they should be. "At least 94 percent of perpetrators will not go to jail" (rainn.org). That means that the majority of the bad guys get away and can probably commit the same crime over again. Therefore making more victims of this crime. A large percentage of the victims have ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22. Sexual Assault Scandal In Thiel's paper, she analyzes the article, "Campus sexual assault adjudication and resistance to reform" by Michelle J. Anderson. Thiel clearly gives the claim of the article–the act of rape is not taken serious enough. The article gives a great topic and a controversial issue in the society. And she also makes the problem more related to our lives by giving the sexual assault that happened in Baylor, which immediately takes my attention and interest to the paper. The essay has a great introduction that can attract readers and she gives a brief description for what will be discuss in the rest of the paper. Thiel's paper's formatting and gramma is good. For the title of the paper, Thiel put Recent Sexual Assault Scandal at Baylor University.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In the second paragraph, she gives the evidences of the author, about how sexual assault cases are unjustly treated. There is a statement in the introduction states this article addressed how the situations should be handled, but I do not find evidences for how to handle the situations. What I find is polices did not investigate in a lot of cases, and how many cases are not run through the system immediately. In this paragraph, she states the warrants for the evidences and whether the warrants are credible, but does not put whether the warrants are explicit or implicit. In the third paragraph of the body section, Thiel gives counterarguments of herself for the issue and also refute the counterargument. In the fourth paragraph, she mentions about logos, ethos, and pathos, and what degree they are used in the article. She states the article is strongly in pathos, but the evidences she gives are mainly logos. I believe there are many pathos in the article because this topic definitely can focus on readers' emotion, which I think Thiel should give some evidences from article that are relate to emotions. In the conclusion part, Thiel meets all the criteria according to the prompt and gives a great ending for the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 23. Sexual Assault And Sexual Assaults Despite the efforts that have been made to curb sexual assaults, statistics show that sexual assaults in college campuses still occur (Lee, Spring 2003). In fact, the facts are even scarier, showing that one in every four ladies in campuses have been victims or near victims of sexual assault (Lee, spring 2003). Interestingly, 1 in 12 men in college have been involved in sexual assault, but they felt that their actions were not illegal. Perhaps, this ability of the perpetrators to justify their actions based on their own perspectives may be largely to blame for the increasing occurrence of sexual assault. Under the criminal law, sexual assault refers to the nonconsensual, unlawful and intentional sexual contact by one party of another person's body. As such, it includes acts ranging from forciblerape to sexually touching another person's body without their consent, even with clothes on. The peculiar situation with sexual assault in campuses is that often, the victim and the perpetrator are known to each other thus it may not raise much alarm at first (Lee, Spring 2003). In fact, most sexual assaults are reported to have taken place during or after dates, which in a way explains the reason why most perpetrators feel like their actions were justified. Still, the law is very clear on the inviolability of other people's private space, especially sexually, and as such, there should be minimal tolerance, if at all, of any inappropriate sexual contact. Also, the widespread use of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24. The Victim Of Sexual Assault Essay Tom sat on the sofa, his shoulders hunched forward, his eyes staring listlessly into space. In his hands, a forgotten cup of coffee trembled violently, the lukewarm liquid spilling over his fingers. He hadn't uttered a single word since his impassioned attempt to justify Booker's assault, and as the minutes ticked by, his silence only added to Doug's concerns. Although not an expert, as a cop, Penhall understood about trauma, and fearing his friend was going into shock, he made the decision to call 911. With an ambulance on its way, he dialed a second number, and after a brief conversation, he hung up. Turning his attention to Tom, he wondered how to proceed. While he wanted to offer comfort, he honestly did not know what to say. How did you console the victim of sexual assault when the perpetrator was a trusted colleague you worked side by side with day in day out? He was out of his depth and terrified of making matters worse, but he knew he needed to do something other than making a cup of coffee, and approaching Tom, he squatted down and laid a hand on his knee. "How ya doin', buddy?" If Tom heard, he made no acknowledgment. His eyes remained dull, his expression vacant. Somewhere, in the midst of the chaos that was the harshness of reality, he had managed to build a protective wall, a refuge in his mind where he was no longer a victim, no longer a weak, pathetic excuse for a man. He was Tom Hanson the cop, the loving son, the loyal friend; he was a man free ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 25. Overview Of Sexual Assault. Sexual Assault Is Quite Common Overview of Sexual Assault Sexual assault is quite common and one of the most underreported crimes in the world. L. N. Flair, D. L. Franko, and D. B. Herzog (2008) define sexual assault as "an unwanted sexual encounter experienced by women from adolescence onward" (p. 249). It has been discovered that around twelve to thirteen percent of females in the United States have experienced sexual assault (Briere & Scott, 2015). Although sexual assault may be brief and only occur once, it can impact the victim for many years afterward. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently seen in victims of sexual assault. Other short– and long–term mental and physical health issues seen in victims of sexual assault are depression, substance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... A second reason could be that rates of alcohol and drug abuse are considerably lower in North Carolina. A third reason could be that people in the southeast are also more religious. More than 70% of the women who attended Duke attended church at least once a month (George & Winfield, 1992). These factors combined seemed to have an impact on the results of the study. It is more common for women to be sexually assaulted by an acquaintance or friend than a stranger. George and Winfield (1992) found that women under the age of forty–four were more likely to be victims of sexual assault compared to those forty–five to sixty–four years of age. Those with a college education or more had a higher prevalence of sexual assault than those with a high school education or less. More victims were urban residents (8.4%) versus rural residents (2.9%). However, this discovery was only found in the Duke University sample (George & Winfield, 1992). Sorenson and White (1992) argue that "traditional patriarchal values" may help protect southern, rural women (p. 192). Hispanic women, especially those born in Mexico rather than the United States, are less likely to be victims of sexual assault. This may be because of their strong family and religious values. This study also supported the fact that sexual assault occurs more frequently in women who are younger, more educated, and live in urban areas (Sorenson & White, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26. Sexual Assault And Rape On a college campus, a young female slowly returns to her dormitory a few hours before sunrise. She is a college freshman and she is embarrassed and confused. Late last night, she attended a party where alcohol flowed freely, the music blared and young men and women unabashedly flirted through the night. She vaguely remembers a young man guiding her up the stairs to a secluded room. She begins to cry as she reassures herself that she said the word no multiple times and physically attempted to stop the young man from stripping the clothes from her body and sexually assaulting her. She questions how she let this happen. After all, only months ago she was attending her high school graduation and weeks ago her parents were helping her move her... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Although sexual education is taught in many high schools, the explicit nature of the crime prevents much discussion about both sexual assault and rape. For example, although anal assault is not the primary means of rape, it occurs during one in six reported assaults (Senn 135). The topic of anal sex taboo for most high school sexual education classes. Young women who experience this particular type of assault often do not know if this fits the definition of rape. They often believe that only vaginal penetration constitutes rape. However, rape is defined as any unwanted oral, vaginal or anal penetration. Sexual assault refers to any unwanted sexual contact, including fondling (Field 516). When training programs for sexual assault prevention are put in place in the first semester of college, the curriculum generically identifies the genders of the victim and predator. The examples include stories with gender neutral names such as Taylor. Although this is a step forward in recognizing that victims of same sex sexual assaults should not be embarrassed to seek help, this format ignores the history of sexual violence on college campuses and the fact that the overwhelming majority of victims are women. However, many administrators believe using feminine names in the curriculum is viewed as offensive because it labels women as vulnerable and different from men. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 27. Literature Review On Sexual Assault Introduction This literature review provides a brief overview of six scholarly articles and other facts about sexual assault .This review will first define sexual assault as it is defined in these articles. It will analyze the strengths and limitations of the definition used and will discuss the occurrence of sexual assault in the general population.This review will also illustrate the protective factors, barriers to recovery , impact of development and the specific sexual assault population that are absent in these articles. Sexual assault is a societal issue that impacts men and women at every age in their life, it's much more highly reported among college aged women. The majority of women who are victims of rape are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Issues in defining Sexual Assault A variety of definitions are used in these articles in relation to sexual assault and the preferred definitions and term varies according to the specific topic that is being explained. The term can also be determined according to when the experiencing of sexual assault happened. One of the articles uses the term survivor of sexual assault when they write about the person that has recovered from being a victim of sexual assault, as well as describing the person's ability to recover from the experience. A different article uses the term victim, in which I believe it is more difficult to recognize and recovery from that impact in their life. Using the word survivor can be a creative way of coping with the life experience that would otherwise be overwhelming if they use victim. Survivor can be a term used to be proud of rather than a problem or flaw. As a survivor people can achieve ownership over their life experience. Social Media and local news coverage of high profile famous cases of sexual assault can give a misleading perceptions of the actual cause of the problem. Some of these articles talk about the stereotype with 'stranger danger' sexual assault and how it is actually not true.Most people who experience sexual assault are assaulted by someone who they actually ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28. Sexual Assault In Canada Anything from unwanted touching in a sexual manner to non–consensual sexual intercourse is classified as sexual assault in Canada. Male survivors of sexual assault frequently face unsympathetic attitudes after choosing to report the criminal offence. Unfortunately, despite the similar chances of sexual assault amongst both males and females during their teenage years, with 20% for males and 25% for females, there are fewer researches conducted on male sexual assault in Canada (Statistics Canada 2015). A large proportion (16%) of male victims are sexually assaulted in an institutional setting, which is over two and a half times greater than the percentage of females in the same location (Brennan 2008). The UCR2 (Uniform Crime Reporting Survey) ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 29. Sexual Rape And Sexual Assault Sexual abuse is a very sensitive and serious issue in United States, yet as well as other counties. Although we all live in a modern civilize world, we hear more and more about this unpleasant affairs happening all the time, and it seem like these problems are only increasing in every country. Therefore, each nation have their own legal definition and law of sexual assault. The following information is an example of a legal definition and statistic of those countries. United States – In the U.S., there just has a new definition of rape which had published on January 1, 2013. According to FBI the new summary of rape is "Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim." However, each state has their own explanation of rape and sexual assault, but will have the similar essence. Statistic has shown that 1 out of every 6 American women has been a victim of sexual attempted (14.8% completed rape; 2.8% attempted rape). Which means 17.7 million women have been a victims. About 3% or 1 in 33 men have faced this problem. (https://www.rainn.org /statistics) Iran – This country has a law that "if a women is raped she is considered an adulteress and faces death by stoning. But if a woman fights off and/or murdered rapist, she can be sentence to death." (http://www.rozanehmagazine.com/JanFeb04/womeniran.html) Many married women has experienced sexual abuse ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30. Sexual Assault And Sexual Harassment Bohmer & Parrot (1993) co–authored the "Campus Sexual Assault Victim's Bill of Rights Act of 1991." This act was signed into law in 1992. This book in a continuation of what still needs to be done to prevent sexual assault and sexual harassment on college campuses. This book covers why college institutions handle sexual assault poorly and the consequence of their negligence. To do this subject justice they focus on the following questions: 1.What is the definition of sexual assault? 2.How often, who and where do sexual assaults happen? 3.What is the typical response from college campuses? 4.What are the consequences of the campuses response? 5.What are some possible solutions to sexual assaults in college campuses? This review of Sexual Assault on Campus focus on these questions. Bohmer & Parrot (1993) explain how definitions to labels like sexual assault and sexual harassment are used interchangeable on many campuses. There is no universal definition to these labels in college campus across the country. Bohmer & Parrot (1993) explain that generally sexual assault is defined as "all forms of unwanted sexual activity", deviate sexual intercourse is anal or oral sex, acquaintance rape is rape in which "the victim and the assailant know each other", and sexual harassment is "sexual activity that is related to abuse of power" . The problem, however, lies when college administration uses these terms interchangeably and have only one policy for any sexual misconduct. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 31. The Imperfect Process Of Campus Sexual Assault Adjudication The Imperfect Process of Campus Sexual Assault Adjudication It's a statistic that has circled around the nation for years, one that imprints fear into the minds of young adults and rage into those that demand justice: 1 in 5 female college students will experience sexual assault in the duration of their college career (Clark), with only 20% of those rapes being reported to the police (Hefling). As a topic that is so highlighted in American society, there is a strict demand for an organized, thorough investigation that will result in justice served. Controversy regarding whether the colleges themselves or the criminal justice system should adjudicate the punishment for these vile crimes has arisen; some believe that as an actual crime, these assaults should be taken in a legal stance in order to serve justice at its fullest extent. Others believe that determining punishment through the court system is too nerve–wracking for the victims and that by allowing colleges to do so is the only way they can avoid feeling "skepticism" by the police, juries, or courts (Know Your IX). However, when juxtaposing the capabilities of the colleges and the court system when it comes to the adjudication process, it is evident that the courts are more competent in determining punishments for campus sexual assaults. It has been argued that colleges are more equipped for attending to the emotional well–being of campus sexual assault victims. Title IX, a federal gender equity law passed in 1972 ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32. Sexual Assault Effects Victims of rape and sexual are assault are at risk of contracting a sexual transmitted disease. It's hard to ascertain as to whether the victim of the assault was infected prior to the assault or during. In any case, victims of rape and sexual assault are at risk for more than 20 known sexually transmitted diseases. The number of occurrences ranges from 5%–30% depending on the sample (Murphy, Munday, & Jeffries, 1990).The risk of contracting HIV from a sexual assault is relatively low with estimated rates of transmission every instance being at approximately 1 in 500. (Gostin, Lazzarini, Alexander, Brandt, Mayer, & Silverman, 1994). Unwanted pregnancy is another physical concern for the victim. According to the National Women's Study relatively... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It is important to have Godly spiritual support following an attack. God says in His word that the prayers of his people are effective. Jas 5:12 says "Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much." Victims of assault need the healing that only God can give. It is important to seek out a fellow Christian for prayer and spiritual guidance in the healing process after a sexual assault. Getting the support of an educated counselor is critically important following an attack so a sense of control can be restored to the victim (James & Gillian ,2013). Seeking out the right counseling after such a trauma is vital. Proverbs 11:14 says "Where no counsel is, the people fall: but in the multitude of counsellors there is safety." (KJV). Counseling is an important part of the recovery process. A counselor helps the victim process what has happened to them and help put support systems in place with the goal of minimizing the residual effects the attack has on the victim's life. (James & Gillian ,2013). Conclusion and Final ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 33. Sexual Assault Interview I interviewed two women and one man about the University of Iowa's efforts with respect to sexual assault on campus. The first person I interviewed was a twenty–one year old woman from England named Gina. Michaela, an eighteen year old female from a small–town Southern Baptist high school, was the second female I interviewed. The only man I interviewed was Matt, a 19 year old male from a mid–sized town. I began by asking each of my interviewees what messages they had heard about sexual assault on the University of Iowa campus and where they had heard these messages. Gina talked about a time in which she saw people walking around with t–shirts on about sexual assault awareness and was reminded of a lesson she had on it in a Global On Iowa ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Our conversations prompted some other questions about the background knowledge they had on sexual assault, and how the University talked about it versus how their prior schools had discussed the subject. It was interesting to get a male point of view on the topic because I, along with a lot of other women on campus, feel like they don't have to deal with the topic of sexual assault as much as we do. Especially with the required attendance of lectures and educationals on the subject for both the University and the Greek Life programs. I felt frustrated at times that we all wanted more information about the sexual assaults that have occurred on campus, but we obviously didn't want to information about the victim to become public knowledge as it is their private business. I would agree with a majority of the responses given to the questions, especially the discussion of the "My Cup is Not My Consent" campaign. As well–intentioned as it was, that campaign is more a joke now, and we don't want to the University of Iowa to be unintentionally promoting rape–jokes. I also think that the men on campus should be required to attend just as many sexual assault seminars as the women do. This issue should be just as much theirs as ours. Perhaps if everyone had a better understanding what to look for in potential sexual assault situations, then there would be less sexual assaults occurring on campus. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34. Rape And Sexual Assault Rape and sexual assault is a prevailing issue on college campuses. This is a social problem that needs to gain the attention of universities, law enforcement, students and society alike. Sexual victimization on campus is any non–consensual sexual acts against a person that is attending a university. Sexual victimization can take on many different forms, including but not limited to sexual harassment, stalking, groping, sexing, sexual imposition, sexual coercion, rape as well as several others. Campus life is unique environment. Universities are a melting pot of different people from different backgrounds coming together in a common place. College is typically a time where people 18 to 23 explore their sexuality, couple that with limited parental and authoritative oversight and living spaces that put thousands of similarly aged individuals in close living spaces; you have an tremendous increase in the opportunity for sexual interaction. Universities are also unique because of the influence of drugs and alcohol. The culture of intoxication lowers inhibitions and creates yet more opportunities for sexual encounters. Likewise students face peer pressures and expectations that they should be having sex or looking for sex, leading to increased encounters. Another pervasive issue is the existence of rape myths; rape myths precipitate sexual assaults because they allow offenders to believe that they are not doing anything wrong, and they influence victims not to report because they ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 35. Female Victims Of Sexual Assault Within society, there is an engrained belief of what makes a person a legitimate victim and often their status as a 'victim' is questioned. This is especially true if the victim does not fit the typical stereotype of who is considered to be a legitimate victim. This is most widely illustrated in cases involving male victims of sexual assault. The introduction of Nils Christie's 'Ideal victim' theory (1986: 18) refers to victims of crime who can attain the status of a legitimate victim in the eyes of the public. Christie outlines a criteria which needs to be followed in order to gain this full status of a 'legitimate victim'. Christie's 'ideal victim' however is not the same as a legal victim and often real victims of crime deviate far from the concept of the ideal victim (Beck & Janbakhsh 2010). This therefore means that using Christie's ideal victim theory to give someone the title of a legitimate victim is often detrimental. Male victims of sexual assault often deviate from the 'ideal victim' criteria set out by Christie, this means that when they encounter the justice system, their experiences are often marginalised or discounted entirely. The stereotype of who a typical sexual assault victim is, is also detrimental to abide by as male victims of sexual assault will often fear being blamed and feel emasculated as a result of their victimisation. The continuation of stereotypic types of victims when considering a certain crime can often distort the seriousness of sexual ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36. Victims Of Sexual Assault 525,6000 minutes in a year; every 2 minutes a sexual assault occurs. That's an average of 293,066 victims every year (Langton and Truman). Rape cases have made headlines in national newspapers; even have gone viral on social media. Recently, the public's reactions to these stories have become a problem of its own. Campaigns have been created to help raise awareness of the backlash rape victim's experience. "She was asking for it," "She shouldn't have been drinking," Women are usually the focus of the majority of these campaigns. Many people naturally associate the pronoun "she" with sexual assault. The reality is that rape is not gender specific, men are also victims of sexual assault. Male sexual assault is an issue that is essentially forgotten. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Men do not want to be seen as weak, or feminine; two stigmas commonly used to characterize rape victims. Women are seen as weak and subordinate, to be overpowered by a woman and forced to do something contradicts social norms. In America, women can be convicted of rape, but in the United Kingdom, rape is defined by the involvement of penetration (Silent Suffering 4). In some places of the world, when a man is assaulted by a woman it is not even considered a crime. These victims have to face a more serve backlash. Robbie Woodsum, a student at George Mason University, explained how men are less comfortable reporting their assaults because of the emphasis on the crime being only against females (The Hunting ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 37. Sexual Assault Limitations "Only 344 out of every 1,000 sexual assaults are reported to police. That means about 2 out of 3 go unreported." (Rainn 1). Many victims of sexual assault don't report the assault for certain reason, but there are some that can not report the assault because it is past the statute of limitations. The statute of limitations is how long a person has to report a crime or how long the police can pursue a crime. The statute of limitations on sexual assault can range from 3 to 30 years depending of the 'type' of assault and the age of the victim. Sexual Assault should not have a statute of limitations because of the psychological effects and the time it takes for a victim to recover. In fact many victims who were sexually assaulted as children don't realize that they were assaulted until they are adults because the memories of the assault were repressed. On the one hand, some argue that psychological effects can interfere with a victim's testimony. The psychological trauma that a victim suffers from being sexually assaulted can have effects that can last for decades. California Coalition Against Sexual Assault often report that after being assaulted victims feel "shame, self–loathing and fear" and Joelle Casteix is no exception. "It took me years to understand the extent of my abuse and recover enough to come forward, but by that time, the criminal and civil statutes of limitations had expired. Even though I had evidence that my choir director had sexually assaulted me, there was nothing I could do to stop him from targeting other vulnerable teens" (Casteix 1). Casteix's point is that many victims don't understand that they were assaulted until after the limitations. This makes it very difficult for victims to come forward about their assault because when an assault is reported after the limitations very little can be done for the victim. It had taken Casteix years to understand what had happened to her before she had came forward only to be told that her case couldn't be prosecuted even with evidence because she apparently had taken too long to recover from her assault. For victims it can take years or even decades to be able to recover from their assault, not just physically, but also mentally. Recovering ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38. The Problem Of Sexual Assault Start blaming the system, not the victim. Sexual assault is a crime that is very common, yet the punishment perpetrators receive is not as harsh as it needs to be to reduce the occurrence of these crimes. Laws concerning sexual crimes have been edited over decades to be stricter however, sex offenders typically receive little or no punishment. Sexual Assault is defined as any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient ("Sexual Assault"). Victims of sexual assault are often blamed as the reason for thecrime being committed while the blame is taken away from the offender. Harsher punishment must be enacted on sex offenders because the victims suffer conflict from the crime throughout their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Each state also has its own sex offender registration, which requires any individual convicted of sex offense to be officially registered as a sex offender in the state in which they live, this registration includes the documentation of the perpetrator 's name, address, and information regarding the crime. The opinion of the judge greatly affects how the sex offender is punished, which is the main issue concerning the punishment of these offenders because the judge could have a strong opinion about sexual assault in favor of either the victim or the criminal. Victims of sexual assault suffer from a wide variety of mental and emotional issues throughout their lives as a result of the experience. Results can range from depression, anger, feelings of loneliness, and difficulty when trying to formulate relationships of trust (Hyde 45). Victims experience a wide variety of psychological issues as a result of sexual crimes, which they will have to carry with them throughout their entire lives. Also, "Psychological problems can start later in life with changes in behavior– vague fears, feeling unprotected and helpless, nightmares, bedwetting, sleeping problems, fear to loss parents approval/love, need to please others, poor self esteem, anger, depression, withdrawal from activities, daydreaming, difficulty concentrating, behavior problems" (Hyde 47). ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 39. Sexual Assault In College Essay Sexual Assualt: End the Epidemic Jade does not receive adequate treatment from her counselor when reporting a recent sexual assault. Her integrity is questioned, and the counselor advises her to forget the incident ever happened. The rapist receives no punishment or consequences for his actions. Cases similar to this hypothetical situation occur regularly. Victims ofsexual assault often resort to dropping their cases due to the lack of support and services offered by the college. Students continue to fight for the fair treatment of everyone on campus. The problem with reporting sexual assault during college lies in the unfair treatment of the victims and the limited consequences and punishment for the rapist. Colleges have attempted to lower ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Problems arise when colleges do not supply their students with adequate support, and allowing repeat offenders to remain in the college. The college can prevent possible obstacles by creating an environment to encourage reporting and discourage sexual assault. Also, the elimination of repeat offenders will prevent future sexual assault on campus. Interactive workshops and early education provide essential knowledge about sexual assault and general safety to students entering college. A single prevention effort will not end sexual assault, but through collaboration with education and preventative actions could lead to a safer environment for college ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...