Superfund Home Environmental Case Study

Superfund Home Environmental Case Study
Superfund sites are districts in communities that have abandoned hazardous wastes on territories
that need immediate removal.In the early 70's the Comprehensive Environmental Response and
Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 encouraged Superfund statues in Washington and these
statues handle issues associated with land pollution and abandoned hazardous waste on territories
.Superfund acts aid Washington and environmental agencies with removing hazardous waste and it
also, allows them to pursue people and corporations that own hazardous waste territories. The
principles for the Superfund acts include the quick removal of hazardous materials when
environmental regulations demand it, bringing legal disputes against owners of hazardous waste
territories, initiating communities and states in waste removal processes and developing extended
programs that protect citizens from hazardous waste territories .In the late 70's environmental
advocates discovered the contamination at the Superfund site called the Love Canal in Niagara Falls
,NY and they also discovered the surrounding territories contained pollutants and abandoned
hazardous waste .The Love Canal is New York states first case of environmental neglect by a
corporation and this community and facilities contained hazardous polluted water and dirt that
resulted from years of accidental spills ,leaks and irresponsible business recycling ... Show more
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It also aided environmental protection agencies with maintaining these treatments. Superfund sites
can cause birthing and birth issues in pregnant women and in infants that leave near contaminated
areas. I believe the bureaucracy should allow communities to use land near Superfund sites for
commercial businesses purposes since, it enables them to create fresh productive business
opportunities, revenue and sales for citizens and
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Plastics And The Plastic Age
The current period in human history is referred to as the plastic age (Cózar et al 2014). Plastic is
synthetic polymers derived from petroleum (Vikas & Dwarakish 2015), it is lightweight,
inexpensive to produce and hailed as an industrial achievement (Detloff & Istel 2016). Moreover,
plastic does not decompose, the durable material simply breaks into smaller particles, pervading the
water and marine life (Detloff & Istel 2016). Our current society has established a constant consume
and discard rhythm, fuelling the 'plastic economy'. Marine plastic pollution mainly occurs from land
based plastic debris, comprised of: littering, incessant plastic bag use and inappropriate disposal
(Derriak 2002). Microplastics are pieces of plastic less than five millimetres in size (Detloff & Istel
2016). These particles account for 92% of the plastics in the ocean (Shim & Thomposon 2015).
Microplastics have become ubiquitous in the ocean, found as far as the Arctic and Antarctic seas
(Obbard et al 2014 as cited in Shim & Thomposon 2015; Law & Thompson 2014 as cited in Shim &
Thomposon 2015). Plastic pollution is also significantly damaging the fragile marine ecosystem, as
well as massacring innocent marine creatures (Deltoff & Istell 2016; Avio, Gorbi & Regoli 2017).
Overall, preventing ocean plastic pollution is difficult, due to the large volume of production and
contamination, particularly microplastics, coupled with inadequate disposal practices of plastic.
In 2014, 311 million tonnes of plastic were produced (Detloff & Istel 2016), and half was disposed
of within the year (Singh & Sharma 2016). The most commonly used and plentiful polymers are:
high–density polyethylene, low–density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene,
polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate (Andray & Neal 2009 as cited in Li, Tse and Fok
2016). These polymers account for 90% of total plastic production, and as a result are the most
common plastics found in aquatic environments (Andray 2011 and Engel 2012 as cited in Li, Tse
and Fok 2016). Plastic debris often migrates to form five subtropical gyres, large garbage patches
colloquially dubbed 'marine soup' (Eriksen et al 2013; Weinstein 2009). It is estimated five to
thirteen tonnes of

The Affects of Hazardous Waste Material to the Environment
The Affects of Hazardous Waste Material to the Environment
What are Hazardous Waste Materials?
Hazardous wastes are poisonous byproducts of manufacturing, farming, city septic systems,
construction, automotive shops, laboratories, hospitals, and other industries such as Military
installations and military training areas. The waste may be liquid, solid, or sludge and contain
chemicals, heavy metals, radiation, dangerous pathogens, or other toxins. Even households generate
hazardous waste from items such as batteries, used computer equipment, and leftover paints or
pesticides. The waste can harm humans, animals, and plants if they encounter these toxins buried in
the ground, in stream runoff, in groundwater that supplies drinking ... Show more content on
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If a very small amount of a hazardous substance is released, it may become diluted to the point
where it will not cause injury. A hazardous substance can cause injury or death to a person, plant, or
animal if:
A large amount is released at one time
A small amount is released many times at the same place
The substance does not become diluted
The substance is very toxic (for example, arsenic).
Coming into contact with a substance is called an exposure. The effects of exposure depend on:
How the substance is used and disposed of
Who is exposed to it?
The concentration, or dose, of exposure
How someone is exposed
How long or how often someone is exposed.
Humans, plants, and animals can be exposed to hazardous substances through inhalation, ingestion,
or dermal exposure.
Inhalation – we can breathe vapors from hazardous liquids or even from contaminated water while
taking a shower.
Ingestion – we can eat fish, fruits and vegetables, or meat that has been contaminated through
exposure to hazardous substances. Also, small children often eat soil or household materials that
may be contaminated, such as paint chips containing lead. Probably the most common type of
exposure is drinking contaminated water.
Dermal exposure – a substance can come into direct contact with and be absorbed by our skin.
Exposures

Exposures can be either acute or chronic. An acute exposure is a single exposure to a hazardous
substance for a

Lake Erie
When you turn on your tap in the summer, do you expect the water to be green? No? Well, the
people who receive their water from Lake Erie do. Lake Erie, one of the biggest freshwater sources
in the world and a huge economy booster, is being ailed by the same problems we had 40 and 50
years ago. In the 1960's, the very industrialized shores of Lake Erie began to see pollution, mainly in
the Cleveland area: factories and other companies were dumping their waste into the lake and its
tributaries, without any supervision from the government. Because of this waste, the presence of
phosphates and nitrates increased, leading to the development of algae, or eutrophication. (Rotman)
Oxygen was low in the water, and massive fish kills happened as a result. In 1969, the Cuyahoga
River caught on fire, leading to more negative publicity about the health of the tributaries of the
lake. The lake earned the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After more than 8 billion dollars of spending, the lake was back to normal. Phosphorous levels fell
by two thirds. There was more oxygen in the water. Fish kills decreased. However, in the 1990's and
the 2000's, the phosphorous, and subsequently the algae, came back. The amount of walleye caught
per year has now become one fifth of what it was. The number of charter fishing companies has
decreased by 40%. The smelt catches of commercial fisheries are now three fifths of what they used
to be. The shores and beaches are now repulsing tourists, rather than attracting them, cutting down a
tourism industry that earns $10 billion a year. When the water from the lake is tainted, 2.8 million
have a tainted water supply.
This is a major issue, as some algae releases a deadly liver toxin into the water called microcystin,
while consuming oxygen to fuel this process. We've found ourselves digging another grave for Lake
Erie, so let's try not to dig it any

Environmental Justice Across Class And Race
My report is on Environmental Justice across Class and Race. Environmental Justice is the fair
treatment and fair distribution of environmental protection. It is the meaningful involvement of all
people regardless or face, color, sex, national origin, or income with respect to the development,
implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. It is the civil
right of all people to be able to enjoy equally high levels of environmental protection.
Environmental justice supporters have shown that this is no accident. Those communities of African
American and Latinos, which are often low income, are regularly target to host hazards facilities that
have negative environmental impacts.
The Environmental Justice Movement started when a group of minorities started to notice that their
environmental protection was been violated. It was violated by hazards facilities that were been
place in their communities. The groups of minorities consist of African–Americans, and Latinos.
The environmental justice movement came up with the fact that people who live, work and play in
America's most polluted environment are most likely to be people of color and the low income. As
the Natural Resources Defense Council mentioned, "The statistics provide clear evidence of what
the movement rightly calls "environmental racism." The communities of color and Latinos of low–
income have been battling this environment injustice for decades. The Environmental

The Importance Of Environmental Health
The importance of environmental health With a population of 6.8 billion and growing at a rate of
about 75 million per year, it is important we have a safe environment to live in. "Every time we
venture beyond the boundaries of our everyday world, whether traveling to a less–developed
country or camping in a wilderness area, we are reminded of the importance of these basics: clean
water, sanitary waste disposal, safe food, and insect and rodent control" (Core Concepts 572).
Elements that we survive on and that are being polluted are our air and water quality. As well as our
solid waste, chemical, radiation, and noise pollution having a detrimental effect on the world we live
in. Our surrounds directly affect our personal health and we affect what surrounds us, so improving
what we can is the most important responsibility we have. Environmental health is "the collective
interactions of humans with the environment and the short–term and long–term health consequences
of those interactions" (Core Concepts 572). Environmental pollutants contribute to infectious and
chronic diseases and the growing population and technological advances are increasing the damage
on the environment. The large population is a key factor in chemical pollution, global warming, and
thinning of the ozone layer. Food, land, water, and energy are in high demand and not all
sustainable. With our medical care system as good as it is, people are living longer and besides
making sure there is family planning

Littering Effects
PART A
The Detrimental Effects of Littering This essay is going to discuss the detrimental effects of littering
by introducing the menaing of littering. Then it will discuss about the effects of littering to wildlife,
health and communities. The essay also provides suggestion to combat littering and illegal dumping
of trash and waste. Littering is the careless and casual disposal of trash or waste, often along
roadways and in other public places. It may include items as large as automobile tires and parts or as
small as cigarette butts. Littering may be either intentional or unintentional. Unintentional littering
occurs as a result of uncovered trucks, unsecured vehicle loads, loss of vehicle parts, trash can spills,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other indicators of neighborhood decline and disorder include vandalism, abandoned buildings,
graffiti, and vacant lots. Of all of the indicators assessed in a study done by Perkins, Meeks, and
Taylor in 1992, litter was found to have the strongest correlation with perceptions of neighborhood
decline and disorder (as in Florida Litter Study, 1998). A study by Skogan in 1990, indicates that the
effects of this perception of neighborhood decline range from a decrease in property values to an
increase in crime, or at least an increase in criminals' perception that crime will be tolerated (as in
Florida Litter Study, 1998). This study goes on to explain that as people's perceptions of
neighborhood decline increase, it is more likely that crime will occur and that criminals will be
drawn to the area because it appears more likely that criminal behavior will be tolerated or ignored.
A study by DeFrances and Titus in 1994 found a statistically significant relationship between
neighborhood disorder and burglary outcome indicating that burglaries are more likely to be
completed in neighborhoods with higher levels of disorder (as in Florida Litter Study, 1998). The
study by Skogan indicates that the effect of this perception of neighborhood decline and increase in
crime can also negatively impact property values and investment interest (as in Florida Litter Study,
1998).
To conclude, litter has

Clean Water Act Argument Essay
Furthermore, the Shore Protection Act is applicable to the transportation of municipal and
commercial waste in coastal waters aiming to minimize debris from being deposited into coastal
waters from inadequate waste handling procedures by waste transporting vessels (Laws That
Protect). The Center for Biodiversity had petitioned the EPA to begin regulating plastics as a
pollutant under The Clean Water Act– a crucial first step in reducing the amount of plastic. The
Clean Water Act is the nation's strongest law protecting water quality. Recognition of plastic
pollution under the clean water act enables states to develop water–quality standards to finally begin
curbing the amount of plastic dumped in the oceans.
Yet despite all these efforts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Serving as the number one source of our plastic use, companies opt for plastic containers because
it's easy, feasible, and convenient. Food packaging alone makes up for 30–40% of landfills with
much of that plastic being carried into the oceans. Going off of this, a new concept that's quickly
becoming popular are package free grocery stores. These cost– effective grocery stores have
everything you could possible need in bulk form and consumers bring glass or reusable containers,
or cloth bags and fill them with the food they need. First popping up in cities like Berlin, Vienna,
and Barcelona, many are finding this a more sustainable and eco–friendly option resulting in these
sort of grocery stores quickly spreading across the ocean, with the first one in the United States
expected to open in Brooklyn, New York. Business operators are extremely optimistic that this could
serve a very impactful solution to getting rid of unnecessary plastic. (Che Jenny).
In conclusion, it should have been learned that the issue of plastic pollution has become ruinous.
The cost of repair and the inconvenience of lifestyle changes cannot compare to the frightful future
this planet is headed. At current rates, hazards are not just inflicted on Earth's oceans but individual
human health and the other creatures that rightly inhabit this land. With this concern

Extracting Wealth From The Earth And Forest Summary
Geoffrey L. Buckley's "Extracting Wealth from the Earth and Forest," featured in North American
Odyssey, examines how private and commercial logging and mining "shaped and reshaped North
America's physical environment during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries." (139) Specifically,
the author narrows his focus to observing the role of the federal government in sanctioning such
practices, industrial logging, and commercial mining, all with a particular eye toward Appalachia
(140). Buckley's essay begins with the section titled "Get Rid of it Quick," in which the author
emphasizes the role of national governments in authorizing destructive practices as a result of
legislation such as the Homestead Act and Mining Law of 1872 in the United States,

Food Waste In Australia
The issue of food waste within Australia is a large issue. The issue this investigation focuses on is
the amount of food we waste as a nation and then formulating a conclusion to reduce the amount or
prevent the damages it is now causing.
The aim of the investigation is to determine why so much food is being wasted within Australia and
how bad is it affecting the environment we live in. This is a concern to the environment and to us as
civilians who are occupying the land. Money is being wasted on food that we as a nation are not
consuming. There are multiple ways that this could be reduced so why aren't we?
The questions that unpin the investigation are the following:
I. How much food is wasted in the Australian food and hospitality industry ... Show more content on
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Food waste causes a large amount of environmental issues. These are caused by the loss of natural
resources which are in the production of food.
Hospitality food waste has a major economic impact due to the cost of disposal and the profit loss
that's caused by throwing away the consumable and sellable food. Food that is wasted generally
goes to landfill. Organic landfill creates Methane which is a massive 25 more potent then carbon
dioxide. Most of the waste that's disposed is organic waste which creates methane.
Approximately 23 percent of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions were made by the national food
supply chain. Coal fired power stations come after them.
Natural resources are used in the production of produce, harvest, transport, process, packaging, and
the distribution of the product. A vast amount of water is particularly used in the growth of fruits,
vegetables, cereals, and grains and to support livestock. When food is wasted the energy and
resources used into producing those products are also wasted.
The negative environmental issues can't be stopped, however they can be reduced. There are several
solutions to waste problems but the first step is to reduce the amount being

Growth And Development Of A Linear Economy
Introduction
The increase in population not only leads to an increase in waste production, but also to an increase
in material consumption. This is causing scarcity in key resources, leading to volatile prices and
impacting the environment negatively. The scarcity in key resources will surge as urbanization
increases and it projected that by 2050 66% of the world's population will be living in urban areas.
In order to separate the growth and development of the economy with the consumption of limited
resources we need to transform our current linear economy into a circular economy.
In linear economies raw materials are used to manufacture goods, after which it is sold, used and
eventually discarded. As opposed to a linear economy, a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reducing waste is not only an indication of corporate responsibility, but it also complies with the
requirements for green building and ultimately reduces construction costs.
With the current economic and environmental market, we find that businesses are desperately
seeking ways of saving money or cutting back on current expenditures. However they are often
unaware of the savings that creative waste management solutions can have for their business. (Van
Wyk 2014)
With an area of approximately 17,010 km2 Gauteng constitutes only 1.4% of the total area of South
Africa. (Des Ligneris 2013) However Gauteng has the largest population with an estimated 13, 20
million people residing in this province. (Statistics South Africa 2015) The density of Gauteng is
776 per km2 and growing at a mammoth rate. The population stood at 12.2 million in 2011 and grew
to 13.2 million in 2015. (Eye

The Rotten Damage Of Food Waste
The Rotten Damage of Food Waste
Growing up, children were most likely told to always finish all the food on their plates because
somewhere else in the world, another child was starving. Most kids never really understand how
serious the matter actually is and it is expected for adults to know better but here we are in 2016
where roughly one third of food produced is wasted every year. The problem with this is that about
21,000 people die per day from starvation, but where is that food they need to live? It's rotting in the
fridge, it's being used for contests to see who can eat the fastest, or it's simply been thrown away
because the sun has gone down and people refuse to buy it the following day if it's not new. What's
even more depressing is that most starvation deaths are of children.
The first problem here is poverty. How can someone work when they're so hungry and sick? How
can someone get a job they're too sick to work? It's bad enough that a child would die of starvation,
but if the father or mother dies of starvation, then the whole family could die too due to the fact that
there's no one to go to work. Not many people step up to help the hungry child because they have
their own family to think about. This isn't to say that no one notices starving countries because it's
more than likely that everyone has seen the commercials on tv of children in different countries
running around while the narrator explains how anyone can help by simply donating maybe five
dollars.

Important Provisions Of The Law Relevant Public Health
Questions:
1. Explain five main important provisions of the law relevant to public health.
2. Discuss why these provisions are important to public health and/or why they are important to you
as public health officers.
3. Identify the offences under the law and state penalties for violations.
4. Outline the steps you will take to deal with ant breach under the law as a public health officer
Table of Contents
Title Page
Definition of terms .....................................................................3
The types of garbage ...................................................................4
A list of the five main provisions .....................................................5
Explanation of the five main provisions ...........................................6–9
The importance of these provisions to public health ............................10&11
The offences ............................................................................12
The Penalties ...........................................................................13
Steps taken by the Public Health officer in responding to a breach .............14
Appendices ...........................................................................15–18
Reference .................................................................................19
DEFINITION OF TERMS
a. Garbage includes refuse of any kind, whether generated by domestic, commercial or industrial
activities and all forms of solid and liquid waste matter.
b. A contractor is someone that is employed by the Local Board or the owner of an industrial or
commercial premise to collect and dispose of garbage.
c. A receptacle is a hollow container used for the collection and disposal of garbage.
d. A special

A Research On Plastic Pollution
Throughout my research on Plastic Pollution I learned that plastic is a material that our planet
cannot digest but it has become the lubricant growth of globalization. Thus, Plastic is made from oil
that contains many chemicals harmful to humans and animals. Humans are barely aware that Plastic
is so part of our lives that it can be found in everyday products that we consume and even the food
we eat. Humanity plastic foot print in the oceans has caused a major garbage path located thousands
of miles off the coast of California, called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. This is caused due to
humans that throw their waste into the sea and went those plastics are in the water, it breaks down
into smaller particles; then pushed by winds, tides and currents, plastic particles form with other
debris into large swirling glutinous accumulation zones. For instance, The World Economic Forum
(WEF) report stated that if we keep producing plastic and improperly dispose of it, there will be
more pound of plastic debris than fish by 2050 because we have been made three times more plastic
stuff since we did in 2014. The dangers of over–produced plastic, is that much of it escapes from
collection systems that end up floating in the ocean than into the stomachs of marine birds and sea
turtles. This is very alarming to me because we are killing thousands of marine's lives and its
ecosystem by over producing plastic.
However, I learned that it's never too late to decrease the amount of

Greywater Research Paper
The recycling of water, or "greywater" is household water that is collected from appliances like
sinks, showers and water using appliances such as washing machines. In a raw unpurified state is
commonly used for vegetation, places like parks, golf courses and local governments report needing
to use decreased amounts of expensive fertilizers. Although any water used on city or government
property that is "greywater" must first go through a purification process. The decreased need for
fertilizer was found to be a cause of nutrients previously in the water that were not removed during
the purification process.
Although the possible benefits of using greywater there are problems arising with public use,
greywater is substantially more expensive to use. So many substantial users such as farmers and
other large scale potential users of greywater very rarely use greywater because of the expense
difference, water costs about $130 per–acre foot. But when using greywater it costs about $300 per–
acre foot due to the necessary treatment process. The cost difference very commonly outweighs the
environmental benefits.
Blackwater? Blackwater is the water is the waste water from most other household appliances such
as toilets,dishwashers and garbage disposals. This is different from greywater because it is deemed
unsafe because of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Colorado river, Mississippi river) which almost always receive wastewater discharges from cities
along the river. Water from many large rivers has been reused, treated and replaced back into the
river at least several times before it reaches many of the lower cities down river. Planned recycling
is commonly done onsite at many commercial, residential, and multi–residential facilities using
water filtration systems that purposely reuse the water for a beneficial onsite

The Importance Of Food Waste
Through the innovation of technology, mankind has been able to create great, and extraordinary
feats of nature. Taking the smallest indesirable object, then constructing it into a skyscraper or the
smallest most powerful computer. Also through the process of innovation we humans have almost
completely mastered the art of mass manufacturing products making our daily needs and wants
readily available to us. The food industry is a one of many examples of this mass manufacturing
evolution, going from food being made over camp fires to being made in huge factory pumping out
fathoming quantities of product. With this evolution comes the downfall of waste. Food waste is not
always avoidable but in some cases the waste is necessary as some things are not safe for
consumption after undergoing certain processes. But no matter the waste product some form of use
should be found for the seemingly invaluable waste product or a way to reduce unnecessary food
waste. Food waste is a huge problem most americans are completely oblivious too. According to a
United states department of Agriculture report, 133 billion pounds of food went unused in 2010.
While animal products like meat and dairy being towards the top of the list, added up to $105 billion
of wasted food.( Waste Not, Want not 26) While worldwide about one third of all food produced is
either lost or gone to waste which adds up to about 1.3 Billion tons of waste. To put into a better
prospective 1.3 billion tons is

Essay on Environmental Racism
When one discusses acts of racism, slander or the stereotyping of a group of people may come to
mind. However, the concept of environmental racism is rarely considered. This form of racism
positions dominant environmental framing as racially driven, in which people of color (i.e.
minorities) are affected disproportionately by poor environmental practices. Communities of color
throughout the United States have become the dumping grounds for our nation's waste disposal, as
well as home to agricultural and/or manufacturing industries that pollute the land. Government
regulations and cultural practices have all contributed to environmental racism. The government's
policies have also negatively impacted low income groups as well as people of ... Show more
Historically, "ideas of Black inferiority and White superiority have been embedded in multiple
aspects of American culture, and many images and ideas in contemporary popular culture continue
to devalue, marginalize, and subordinate non–White racial populations". Racism has influenced
decades of land use, housing patterns, and infrastructure development. With the creation of housing
subdivisions, the white and wealthy moved to modern communities, while the non–white and poor
were left to live in areas that were rundown. Today, we see that in some cases, zoning laws have
fueled environmental, as well as residential, racism. In certain communities around the nation,
"expulsive" zoning has pushed out residents, and allowed industries to move into communities, and
pollute the land, air, and water. These zoning laws define land for residential, commercial, or
industrial uses, and impose narrower land–use restrictions. In this case certain individuals are forced
to leave their community, and give any property they have up to these "dirty" industries. Without
more stringent enforcement mechanisms and penalties in place, this nation will continue to see this
type of discrimination and environmental racism.
Certain environmental justice frameworks attempt to turn the dominant environmental paradigm on
its head and seek to prevent environmental threats before they occur. This paradigm is known as the
Precautionary

Beyond The Deepwater Horizon Essay
Beyond the Deepwater Horizon: What's Killing the Oceans?
The ocean has been a used as a dumping ground for centuries, with corporations and nations the
world over using it to get rid of all sorts of unwanted things, from sewage to nuclear waste. The
ocean is so vast and deep that what gets swallowed up by it seems to disappear forever.
Unfortunately, as scientists and fishermen are increasingly finding out, what we put in the ocean is
coming back to haunt us.
The most widely known incidents of marine pollution involve oil tankers and drilling rigs, such as
the Exxon Valdez incident and the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe. But you may be surprising to
know that at least 80% of marine pollution comes from land–based activities, according to the
World ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is the combination of small amounts of pollution from a variety of different sources that get
washed up by rain and collect in our water bodies. Unlike other forms of pollutions, NSP isn't
limited to one type of pollutant. Instead, runoff can contain things like:
Excess fertilizer and pesticides from farms and backyards
Chemicals and sediment from improperly managed construction sites
Bacteria and organic waste from livestock and damaged septic tanks
Motor oil and other harmful toxic chemicals from urban runoff, car leaks, and industry waste
Oil
This one's a given. Whenever a tanker springs a leak in rough seas or an oil rig has a faulty valve, a
media frenzy soon follows. Images of black goop covering large swaths of ocean and washing up on
once–pristine beaches can seem apocalyptic. However, according to WWF, while oil spills do cause
huge damage to the environment, they are only responsible for 12% of the oil entering the ocean
each year. A much larger proportion actually comes from our cities, through untreated sewage,
polluted rivers, and surface runoff.
Garbage

Construction Essay
Is the construction project ruining the green areas or pathways? Does it require any roads to be
narrowed disturbing the smooth flow of the traffic? Does the project jeopardize any park,
playground or any such place of socializing and entertainment? These are some of the questions
which must be there in minds of the managers who are given the responsibility of constructing the
project. how much the contractors compromise on their initial design and plan for the project, and
how much they are going to be careful about not resulting in environmental pollution as well as not
to violate an of such rights of the people living in the community. The size and scale of the object
must be kept in mind all the time while making an environmental plan ... Show more content on
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On demolition of this farm house, the birds will become homeless and the oxygen production will
be decreased (Plant, 2004). This is a direct impact of this construction project on the environment. It
must be kept in mind that we are only considering the environmental factor and impacts here and we
do not have to mention the property rights of the owner of the farm house, has he been adequately
compensated and dealt with before the start of this project. We just assume that the owner of the
farm house has been dealt with considering all his rights and he is agreed to give away the rights and
authority of this farm house to the contractors of the new project. The demolition will not only cause
damage to the greenery of the neighborhood but also will enhance the pollution in the form of dust
and noise. This will impact the neighbors of the housing complex which is only one thousand feet
away from this project's site. The first activity which is to be expected to be done first is the
clearance of vegetation which is a direct damage to the environment. The agricultural value and
output of this land will be multiplied with zero once the vegetations will be cleared of the surface.
200 acre of the farm land which this project has bought for the current project is a vast land and
clear vegetation from it will damage not only the view from the site but also will be a decrease in
economy. The environmental plan must have something arranged for the

Targeting Waste Reduction
This campaign is likely to target house cleaners and office workers since they have numerous zero
waste strategies at their disposal.
House Cleaners
This group of people constitutes the largest percentage of this campaign's target audience. House
cleaners are given the responsibilities of doing laundry and general house cleaning activities. The
target audience for the campaign should also include house cleaning companies, which are often
contacted by busy house owners to do cleaning for them. Consequently, most of them are likely to
contribute toward the accumulation of wastes, which are generated during laundry work. Through a
well–planned social marketing, house cleaners can be empowered on how best to implement the
zero waste ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They fail to understand that open windows are natural air fresheners. The new zero waste approach
encourages letting houseplants to freshen up the air in the house by absorbing toxins.
To save more power and time, this approach encourages washing clothes once in a week using green
(recyclable) detergents to minimize time and drier power expenses. Zero waste laundry also
necessitates utilizing as much cold water cycles as possible and drying garments on the clothesline
to avoid using an electric drier. House cleaners need this approach to avoid wastage of money as a
result of buying new cleaning tools and detergents. This is because the zero waste cleaning
technique encourages the use of homemade cleaning tools and detergents such as feather duster,
microfiber cloths, lemon, loofah, and even old toothbrushes. The homemade feather duster can be
efficient in speed dusting, while microfiber cloths are excellent in window cleaning. Loofah is a
plant that can be grown in the backyard and can be used for light scrubbing. On the other hand, old
toothbrushes can help in cleaning places that are hard to reach. All these strategies explain why this
fresh zero waste approach in needed in every household.
The zero waste approach also encourages the use of alternatives to disposable items, especially in
the kitchen. For example, paper towels need to be swapped with reusable rags. In addition, zero
waste approach encourages the use of

Biological Macromolecule Polyhydroxybutyrate ( Phb )
ABSTRACT
The important biological macromolecule polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producing Bacillus subtilis
was isolated from the sewage sample and identified by means of 16S rRNA analysis. The renewable
nature and biodegradability of PHBs make them suitable materials to replace synthetic plastics in
many applications. Currently their production is expensive, but these plastics are only in their first
stage of commercial development. In the present study the physico–chemical parameters such as
Time, Temperature and pH were optimized for increased production of PHB. It was found that
maximum production of PHB was observed at 48th hour (328µg/ml) of incubation time,
temperature 370C (336µg/ml), pH 7.5 (362 µg/ml). The low cost production media was developed
using fruit peel extract and sugarcane industrial waste. The amount of PHB produced using low cost
production media in fruit peel (234µg/ml) and industrial waste (218µg/ml). The PHB was
characterized using FTIR and NMR analysis.
Keywords: polyhydroxybutyrate, Bacillus subtilis, optimization, INTRODUCTION The human
population has led to the accumulation of huge amounts of non–degradable waste materials across
our planet. The problem of environmental pollution was caused by indiscriminate dumping of
plastic waste has assumed global proportions. They are used in almost all industries, especially for
packaging and they account for more than 50% of total consumption, especially they are used for
bottling and baling. They

Wood Vs. Steel: Which Is More Environmentally Friendly?
For over many years mankind has tried to make are world more eco–friendly efficient. People have
discussed many different examples like gas vs. electricity, paper vs. plastic, or even wood vs. steel.
All these objects have something in common and that is that they all benefit society in some kind of
way. People have done research about one of the examples more specifically, wood vs. steel and
found pros and cons for both. Steel is more environmentally friendly in ones opinion.
Steel is a light element and is a lot easier to carry than wood. This being, it is easier to work with
steel and to make sure you get the best use of it. When you cut a piece of wood it is very different
from when you cut steel. The scrap that falls off of steel can be melted down and used to make a
new steel post. when you cut off wood you can reuse it but it will not be exactly the same as the
material you cut it off of, it would be plywood.
The price for steel lowers the more people use it for construction. In residential construction steel is
gaining popularity. When building houses steel cost about 14% more than wood and would require
more time to complete. Ever since the first skyscraper went up in Chicago during the late 1800's
steel has a major component in commercial construction buildings (Source; Striepe). Its gains
popularity throughout the years.
Problems can occur while using steel in construction in very humid areas, coastal regions, or even
rooms like bathrooms that get very moist.

Food Waste Essay
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Through the innovation of technology, mankind has been able to create great, and extraordinary
feats of nature. Taking the smallest indesirable object, then constructing it into a skyscraper or the
smallest most powerful computer. Also through the process of innovation, we humans have almost
completely mastered the art of mass manufacturing products making our daily needs and wants
readily available to us. The food industry is one of many examples of this mass manufacturing
evolution, going from food being made over campfires to being made in huge factory pumping out
fathoming quantities of product. With this evolution comes the downfall of waste. Food waste is not
always avoidable but in some cases, the waste is necessary as some things are not safe for
consumption after undergoing certain processes. But no matter the waste product some form of use
should be found for the seemingly invaluable waste product or a way to reduce unnecessary food
waste. Food waste is a huge problem most Americans are completely oblivious too. According to a
United States Department of Agriculture report, 133 billion pounds of food went unused in 2010.
While animal products like meat and dairy being towards the top of the list, added up to $105 billion
of wasted food. ( Waste Not, Want not 26) While worldwide about one–third of all food produced is
either lost or gone to waste which adds up to about 1.3 Billion tons of waste. To put into a better
perspective 1.3

Enormous Waste of Food While People Starve Essay
While the world's farmers produce enough food to feed the planet, one–third of the food produced
for human consumption is not really consumed. Globally, there exists up to 1.3 billion metric tons of
uneaten food very year. And in addition to that, growing and transporting that food is estimated to
create 3.3 billion metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions per year, which makes wasted food one of
the world's largest emission contributor.
Around the globe, 1.6 billion people have no access to refrigeration at all. In developing countries,
food fails to make the journey from producers to consumers simply due to issues such as lack of
refrigeration.
In the United States, wasted food is a 165 billion dollar problem. America wasted 33.79 ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conventional shipping cartons have ventilation holes which allows air to circulate around the
product, but this also allows the produce to continue ripening and exposes to bacteria and pathogens,
which contributes to loss. FreshTec's patented packaging technology employs a breathable plastic
liner inside a cardboard carton, which is sealed with a plastic lid. It's part of a growing segment of
food packaging using modified atmosphere technology. The liner and plastic lid slow the amount of
oxygen entering the carton and also traps some of the carbon dioxide the produce expels, effectively
putting it to sleep for up to a month of travel time. Overall, FreshTec provides more time for
produce to reach the market, which reduce the likelihood of loss or waste. Solution 3 – LeanPath
LeanPath is a automated food waste tracking systems to help users reduce pre–consumer food
waste. LeanPath quantifies how much food is thrown out in a commercial kitchen due to spoilage,
expiration or overproduction, with the goal being to reduce food purchases to match demand. A
camera linked to a countertop scale documents each portion of food before it enters the garbage bin,
providing photographic evidence. LeanPath turns waste reduction into a sort of competition, using
online scoreboards that allow users to analyze the data to understand the underlying causes for
waste. LeanPath can enable dramatic reduction in global food waste and

The Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment Essay
Air pollution can result from both human and natural actions. Natural events that pollute the air
include forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic
compounds and natural radioactivity. Pollution from natural occurrences is not very often. Human
action include but not limited to industrial pollution, bush burning, biomass and many others.
"Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or
biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Household combustion
devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sources of air pollution.
Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone,
nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Outdoor and indoor air pollution cause respiratory and other
diseases, which can be fatal." (n.d world health organization para. 1)
Villages, communities, and even cities in the developing world often suffer poor air quality, which
can be hazardous to health, yet there have been relatively few studies. Waste management is
becoming one of the critical issues in Ghana at large in recent years. Despite the environmental and
sanitation policies, waste is currently a public menace in all cities, towns, communities and in Ghana
at large. Following recent incidents in Ghana, such as the cholera outbreak which claimed over 100
lives and the June 6th disaster which claimed about 150

Major Environmental Issues Of Pollution
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
1. Pollution: It is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse
change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light.
Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally
occurring contaminants.
Forms of Pollution:
The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular contaminant relevant to each
of them:
a. Air pollution: The release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous
pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrogen
oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as
nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight.
b. Light pollution: It includes light trespass, over–illumination and astronomical interference.
c. Littering: The criminal throwing of inappropriate man–made objects, onto public and private
properties.
d. Noise pollution: It encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high–
intensity sonar.
e. Soil Contamination: It occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage.
Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, Herbicides,
Pesticides and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons.
f. Radioactive contamination: Resulting from 20th century activities in atomic physics, such as
nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons research, manufacture and deployment.
g. Thermal pollution: It is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused by human influence,
such as use of water as coolant in a power plant.
h. Visual pollution: It can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway billboards,
scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash, municipal solid waste or space
debris.
i. Water pollution: It occurs by the discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial waste
(intentionally or through spills) into surface waters; discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and
chemical contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage; release of waste and contaminants
into surface runoff flowing to surface waters (including

Forget Buffer Showers Mckibben Analysis
Jennifer D. Shyu
Professor Patrick Hendricks
English 111
01 February 2017
Individual Waste Reduction Versus Industrial Waste Reduction Who enjoys going to a body of water
for recreational activities to find the lack of water or that it is too polluted to enjoy? I know I find it
quite frustrating. Having Smoky Mountains National Park as my back yard growing up, I enjoyed
fishing and tubing on the vast lakes, rivers, and streams. Now, living in Illinois, I still try to enjoy
lakes and rivers, but find many of the bodies of water are either depleted or polluted. Like Derrick
Jensen shows in "Forget Shorter Showers", I believe that large scale waste reduction will decrease
the damage done to the environment. I do agree to an extent with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Jensen provides statistical evidence and proof that industries consume more and waste more than
individuals. He keeps his credibility by providing proof for his evidence and avoiding stereotyping.
While I do agree with Mckibben's ideas to an extent, I am not convinced that merely getting back to
the basics is enough to repair the damage already done to the environment. Individuals can minimize
wasteful habits and provide a positive impact, but it will be minimal. Jensen's thoughts that
corporations and industries must reduce waste and pollution to repair the environment is proven
through the examples he provides. Individuals should recycle and reduce waste to help, but
industries need to do their part as well.
Works Cited
Jensen, Derrick. "Forget Shorter Showers." The Bedford Reader. 12th ed. Bedford St. Martin's
Press. Kennedy, Kennedy, Aaron, and Repetto, eds. Boston, MA. 2014. Print. 564–567.
Kennedy, X. J., et al., eds. The Bedford Reader. 12th ed. Bedford St. Martin's Press. Boston, MA.
2014. Print.
McKibben, Bill. "Waste Not, Want Not." The Bedford Reader. 12th ed. Bedford St. Martin's Press.
Boston, MA. 2014. Print.

Building Homes : Green And Environmentally Friendly
Building homes that are green and environmentally friendly has become the mantra for more and
more builders and homeowners, as they discover how easy it can be to attain all the benefits of
sustainable construction without sacrificing aesthetics or breaking the budget. In fact, going green
often saves money, especially over a period of time, while being kinder to the environment.
Decorative cement–based finishes are the perfect example of this synergy of beauty, sustainability
and economy, providing a durable, low–maintenance finish that will last the life span of the
building. Concrete hosts a range of stunning products that are ideally suited to clean spaces such as
bathroom walls, floors, bath surrounds and vanities.( 2011 architectural finishes at spruce tree house,
Rebekah Krieger)
In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates, or rocks. The paste, composed of
Portland cement and water, coats the surface of the fine (small) and coarse (larger) aggregates.
Through a chemical reaction called hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength to form the rock–
like mass known as concrete. Within this process lies the key to a remarkable trait of concrete: it's
plastic and malleable when newly mixed, strong and durable when hardened. These qualities explain
why one material, concrete, can build skyscrapers, bridges, sidewalks and superhighways, house and
dams. (Cement $ concrete institution) 2015)
Cement, or concrete, is natural an extremely durable

Literature Study On Construction, Six Sigma, And Lean...
2 LITERATURE STUDY
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the concepts of waste, Lean Construction, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma. It
provides an explanation of the tools and techniques of Lean and Six Sigma from the literature study.
It also provides the case studies and frameworks for implementation of Lean and Six Sigma in the
construction industry by various authors.
2.2. LEAN CONSTRUCTION
2.2.1 Introduction
Lean Construction is inspired from the Toyota Production. Toyota production provided the
Transform –Flow –Value(TFV) philosophy of production in 1950's.(Koskela, 1992).According to
this philosophy the production is not only transformation of the inputs to outputs but there exists a
flow of resources and information which seeks to generate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It is the integration of the Should–Can–Will–Did analysis to provide different schedule. It is
opposite to the conventional planning process where adherence to the master schedule is the most
important.
Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS)
Lean Project Deliver system is a conceptual framework to implement the Lean construction for a
project in all the stages in the project definition, design and construction.
Collaboration
It is defined as the collaboration of all the stakeholders in the planning, design, and construction
process. Various tools like Building Integrated Modelling (BIM), Lean Project delivery system,
communication techniques facilitate it.
Kaizen
Kaizen is defined as the continuous improvement while using the techniques of Lean construction.
The organization implementing lean construction has a mechanism to evaluate performance of the
techniques and continues improvements based on lessons. Implementation of lean construction is a
continuous pursuit of perfection.
Visual Aids
Visual Aids help to understand the process and elements for all the part of the construction. They are
also used to guide the workforce to do difficult tasks.

2.3 SIX

The Horizon 's Setting 2020 Strategy
Abstract: The term dependable (examination and) advancement has increased expanding EU
arrangement significance in the most recent two years, specifically inside of the European
Commission 's Science in Society program, in the Horizon 's setting 2020 Strategy. We give a brief
verifiable diagram of the idea, and distinguish three particular components that are rising up out of
related talks. The principal is an accentuation on the equitable administration of the reasons of
exploration and advancement and their introduction towards the 'right effects '. The second is
responsiveness, underscoring the joining and regulation of set up methodologies of expectation,
reflection and pondering in and around examination and advancement, impacting ... Show more
Humans have been innovators, from the first shapers of stone and wood into crude implements, to
the inventors of electronic gadgets that entertain us and help us manage our lives from our shirt
pockets.
Today innovation is based not only on the challenges, problems, and needs but also on the social,
political, and cultural conditions prevailing in the prospective market. People fear the unknown ó
especially when they believe that it could adversely affect their health or established social systems.
The triangle of technology, innovation, and society is one of the central spheres of modern activities.
Successful innovation frequently is not only the result of scientific–technical progress. Non–
technical aspects, such as political and economic framework conditions, acceptance by the
population, or ethical questions also play an important role in the decision whether and which
technologies contribute to the solution of societal problems.
Background Theory: By the 1980 's, the use of technology began to escalate.
A 1982 study by The New York Times stated, "The study was made by the
Institute for the Future, a Menlo Park, Calif., and agency under contract to the
National Science Foundation. It was an attempt at the risky business of technology assessment,
peering into the future of an electronic world".
The study focused on the emerging videotext

What Is Overfishing?
Marine Environmental Ethics.–– Human actions show that our marine environmental ethics are less
advanced than the ones we have on land (Stokstad, 2003). There are three main sources of evidence
that prove this. The first is ocean dumping, or waste disposal into the ocean. Before 1972, it was
believed the ocean had an "unlimited capacity to mix and disperse wastes" (Gunther, 2017). The
ocean became a dumping ground for chemical and industrial wastes for decades, leading to severe
consequences. Little attention was given to the negative impacts ocean dumping had on marine
environments. While this also occurs on land, it is done on a much smaller scale. Another source of
evidence for our lacking marine environmental ethics comes from the shortage ... Show more
Currently, MPAs cover only 3% of the world's oceans (Morgan, 2018). One of the biggest problems
that comes with MPAs is the logistical and economical challenge of attempting to monitor large
expanses of ocean. Getting the public to comply with regulations is a major component to the
effectiveness of these areas (Morgan, 2018). International partnerships and collaborations are
necessary to ensure that these regions are being monitored and regulations are being enforced.
Monitoring human activity is a must in these areas, but it proves to be

The Ecological Aspects Of The Waste Problem
Introduction
Imagine a world with no breathable air, drinkable water and contaminated food. The destruction of
Earth may sound like a bad science fiction movie, but it is not. Solid waste threatens our drinking
water, pollutes our oceans and contaminates the air we breathe. If the world does not deal with these
environmental issues that threaten our very existence, we will not have a world to leave our
children. Amongst the many issues we face, solid waste is one of the many immediate problems we
must solve in this environmental crisis. An effective way of addressing the waste problem is
eliminating the entire concept of waste. How can we get to the point where waste is no longer a
concern in society? The purpose of this paper is to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also strongly impacts the environmental ecosystems and has the potential to affect our world
harmfully. Solid Waste is one of the major environmental problems that are harmful to civilization
and the universe (Adedipe, Sridhar, Baker, and Madhu 3). We all contribute to the accumulation of
waste that is destroying our world. It is imperative that we manage and reduce waste in order to
preserve and leave a sustainable ecosphere for future generations. 1. In order for humans to ensure
and continue basic consummation of needs for present and future generations, we must reduce the
Ecological bearings of waste on the environment ("Monitoring the Ecological Effects of Coastal
Aquaculture Waste Food"). Natural aspects and impacts of waste are measured by an environmental
management structure that assesses the potential significant effect carried out and detected. The
ability to detect an ecological change in the environment is relative to the degree of the waste impact
("Environmental and Ecological Aspects" 5). We must sustain our planet by managing and
sustaining our natural resources, therefore, instituting change in the way we eliminate waste. Solid
waste is included in the ecological footprint of everyone. The term "ecological footprint" means the
volume of land and water a social population requires to yield the resources it consumes and to
absorb its wastes. Disposing of excess material has an enormous conservational bearing and can
cause

Waste Generation and Need for Waste Management
GEOGRAPHY WASTE GENERATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT DEFINATION OF WASTE
DEFINATION OF WASTE
Waste, or rubbish, trash, junk, garbage, depending on the type of material or the regional
terminology, is an unwanted or undesired material or substance. It may consist of the unwanted
materials left over from a manufacturing process (industrial, commercial, mining or agricultural
operations,) or from community and household activities. The material may be discarded or
accumulated, stored, or treated (physically, chemically, or biologically), prior to being discarded or
recycled. It is also used to describe something we use inefficiently or inappropriately. ... Show more
Some solid waste can also be converted to a liquid waste form for disposal. It includes point source
and non–point source discharges such as storm water and wastewater. Examples of liquid waste
include wash water from homes, liquids used for cleaning in industries and waste detergents.
Solid type:
Solid waste predominantly, is any garbage, refuse or rubbish that we make in our homes and other
places. These include old car tires, old newspapers, broken furniture and even food waste. They may
include any waste that is non–liquid.
Hazardous type:
Hazardous or harmful waste are those that potentially threaten public health or the environment.
Such waste could be inflammable (can easily catch fire), reactive (can easily explode), corrosive
(can easily eat through metal) or toxic (poisonous to human and animals). In many countries, it is
required by law to involve the appropriate authority to supervise the disposal of such hazardous
waste. Examples include fire extinguishers, old propane tanks, pesticides, mercury–containing
equipment (e.g, thermostats) and lamps (e.g. fluorescent bulbs) and batteries.
Organic type:
Organic waste comes from plants or animals sources. Commonly, they include food waste, fruit and
vegetable peels, flower trimmings and even dog poop can be classified as organic waste. They are
biodegradable (this means they are easily broken down by other organisms over time and turned into
manure). Many people turn their

The Importance of Recycling
Today we have a serious problem with pollution, resulting not only soil contamination,
environmental, noise or air, we can significantly reduce this impact all being aware and knowing
that recycling is reuse; if we make a daily habit will give more life to our planet.
On the other hand, if we see further recycling is environmental sustainability and if done properly
would take advantage of a more effective way of natural resources.
But really know what is recyclable? Is a physical–chemical or mechanical process is to submit to a
substance or a product already used to a cycle of total or partial treatment for a commodity or a new
product. Could also be defined as the raw materials from waste, introducing them back into the
cycle of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Glass recycling saved a ton of resources for every ton produced, reduce by 75% mining waste
involved in their production and reduce pollution resulting there from by 20%.
Plastics
The main problem with plastics is due to a completely inappropriate use of it, because it is a very
resistant and durable, used to make objects that have use for a very short space of time, which are
then thrown into the trash. This is evident with the variety of bags, plastic packaging and disposable
products.
Plastics are materials of great variety. Although they have a common origin, are polymers made
from oil, but its molecular structure varies greatly from one plastic to another.
Ferrous scrap
Tin cans are so easy to recycle as aluminum, and recycled saves huge amounts of energy and
resources.
Recycling steel and tin cans saves 74% of the energy used to produce virgin materials; at least 70%
to 80% tin is recovered by recycling a can. Cans may be crushed, cut the bottom to save space.
Containing aerosol cans are difficult to recycle for its explosive contents; it is preferable not to buy.
The scrap metal is recyclable, but should be reasonably free of other materials.
Aluminum

It is also very easy to recycle and get a good price in the market, so many projects include recycling
the cans.
It is suitable to crush cans to store

Oak Flats Waste Management
Introduction
Oak Flats is a community in Australia that has a growing population in 2529. Due to an increasing
population I started to wonder whether the waste in Oak Flats was in control and how much of this
waste is recycled. My aim is to find out how much waste is produced form each household and how
much is recycled in each household and depending on my results ways to reduce the amount of
waste produced from each household. My investigations have led to their being a moderate amount
of waste being produced in Oak Flats community although it's low it could be lower and I will
explain strategies in to how we can reduce the amount of waste and ways to show what can be
recycled and what can't as I surveyed a few houses and found about ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It will also be easier to deal with, as E Waste is highly toxic when it breaks down.
Figure 5 shows the percentage some types of recycling compared to Oak Flats recycling. Oak Flats
recycling sits the same with the whole of Australia so they are not behind but still the whole of
Australia would benefit by having information packs of what can or cannot be recycled. Due to my
investigations 4 out of 10 households now what can and can't be recycled and only 1 out of 5
households don't care about recycling. I only interviewed 20 households, which was my aim and
was really surprised of how many people aren't up to date to what can or cannot be recycled. Which
makes me believe having a day in which people go around every house and have an information
booklet so that people more people will recycle and reduce waste in the whole of Australia instead
of just in Oak Flats. On my field trip to Whyte Gully's I saw a lot of waste that could be reused or
sold to other people I saw a lot of plastic bottles which could be recycled, I saw a few balls which
weren't ruined which could've been given to younger kids because these items are just taking up
space in the dump site and if all these thing weren't there the place would of lasted for a lot longer
instead of being filled and needing to get a new site to bury waste in.
How is it Affecting Oak Flats?
It isn't

Food Waste In The United States
Every year, prosperous countries tend to throw out large amounts of edible food. This wasted food
primarily comes from people throwing out fresh food at home and at restaurants as well as large
companies, such as grocery stores, throwing out edible food. Many people and companies would
confess to being guilty of this. Throwing out a piece of fruit or leftovers may seem harmless but it
eventually adds up. The worlds large population makes this an issue creating enormous numbers of
waste that could be food for starving people. Millions of people deal with hunger daily while the
United States, as well as other developed countries, waste enough edible food to feed every hungry
person on the planet. "Forty percent of the food in the United States ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, most restaurants do not see this as a major issue. Restaurant owners say, "it is just part of
running a restaurant and that it is something we are used to" (Barclay, 2012). Chefs are said to
obsess over the quality of their vegetables because they want to make sure everything is prefect for
the customers (Barclay, 2012). Unfortunately, food waste is not one of the high priorities when
running a restaurant. This is because consumers are contributors to the problem as well. A customer
will not want to pay money for a meal that does not look prefect even though "about three cents of
every dollar consumers spend on food away from home ends up in the trash" (Barclay,

It's Time To Stop Food Waste In The United States
All of us have most likely wasted food in one way or another, some people without thinking about
it, others without caring. But when we scrape off our plates after a large meal, unable to finish the
remaining's because we're too full, we rarely stop to think about the meaning and the consequences
of our actions. It is said that about one–third of all the food we produce in the world is wasted.
Therefore, food waste has quickly become a highly ranked global issue. It has become a serious
problem in our society where the consequences are bigger than you might think.
But what is Food Waste exactly? The United States EPA, or the United States Environmental
Protection Agency, defines food waste as "uneaten food and food preparation wastes from ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reduces methane emissions from landfills and lowers your carbon footprint.
Conserves energy and resources, preventing pollution involved in the growing, manufacturing,
transporting, and selling food (not to mention hauling the food waste and then landfilling it).
Supports your community by providing donated untouched food that would have otherwise gone to
waste to those who might not have a steady food supply.
So, just think about this. How many of you have, say the last week, eaten every single bit and bite
from your plate for dinner? None of us can really say that we always eat all of our food. Just think
about all the food you wasted this week. All the food one of us wasted all together this week, could
have helped feed another person, or maybe even a whole family somewhere in Africa or other poor
places. Of course, some of us are more cautious than others, but one way or the other, we will
always be wasting food and this is a problem that has been climbing higher and higher on the global
issues ranking. Food waste is now one of the top issues in the world today, a1nd especially in
America. So next time you decide to throw away food, think it through. "Let's feed people," "Not

Why Hire Emergency Plumbers
Why Hire Emergency Plumbers in Werribee to do Your Plumbing
In most cases, plumbing accidents are unavoidable as it can happen anywhere, anytime. Some
would say that they can repair any plumbing problem all on their own. However, there is the off
chance that something else might go wrong. Would it be wise on their part to tackle any plumbing
issues without consulting Emergency Plumbers in Werribee first?
Hardly, trying to fix broken heaters, water heaters and clogged drains on your own steam can result
in severe damages to your office or home. It is far better to spend a little extra and get in the experts
to sort out the problem for you. Let's take a look at some of the services they offer:
Clogged Sewer lines – Master plumbers offer an

Construction and Demolition Waste
Briefing Paper: Construction and Demolition Waste
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a significant issue in New Zealand. Teo and
Loosemore (2001) maintain: "Levels of waste within the construction industry need to be reduced
for environmental and economic reasons. Changing people's wasteful behaviour can make a
significant contribution" (pp.741). This paper defines the CDW issue, significant stakeholders,
relevant ethical theories and costs.
CDW has increased as construction volumes have risen generally, and following natural disasters.
For example, the Canterbury Earthquakes generated a major increase in CDW. "Major damage to
buildings, rock falls and landslips, liquefaction and major infrastructure damage has left an
estimated $7.1 billion [Earthquake Commission] EQC bill," says Mackenzie (2011 pp.33). The
Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA, n.d.) estimated 8 million tonnes of CDW.
CERA (n.d.) points to the construction industry and local authorities working together to find and
quickly implement new solutions for recycling or reusing waste.
More generally, Level Organisation (2013) noted that demolition and construction processes are the
most significant producer of waste as opposed to other stages of buildings' lives. Much CDW is seen
to be preventable: "Most of this dumping of construction waste is unnecessary – it has been
demonstrated that simply by sorting waste, at least half of it could be diverted from landfills" (Level
Organisation, 2013).

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