The document discusses several perspectives on personality and behavior: - Alfred Adler believed that people are motivated by social influences and a striving for superiority rather than just sex and aggression. He also believed people have significant responsibility for who they become. - Adler asserted that both genders are capable of "masculine protest" as children but what they protest is shaped by societal expectations of gender roles. - Horney developed the concept of "basic anxiety" which results from unsatisfied childhood needs for love and affection and a sense of hostility toward parents. She believed this drives the development of protective strategies and neurotic needs in personality.

2. Man is motivated by
Sex and Aggression.
People have no
choice in shaping
their
Personality.
Present behavior is
caused by past.
Emphasis on the
unconscious.
Man is motivated by
social influences &
striving for superiority.
People are largely
responsible for who they
are.
„Present behavior is
shaped by the future.
People are usually
aware of what they are
doing and why.

4. Examples:
If a boy fusses or demands to have his own way
(masculine protest) they say it is natural.
If a girl is quite and shy, she is praised for her
feminity.
However if a boy is quite and shy, they worry they may
grow up to be a sissy and if a girl is assertive , they call
her a “tomboy” and hope she grows out of it.
Adler asserted that men are no more successful or
powerful because they are men but because they are
encouraged to be assertive.
Both genders begin life with a capacity to “protest”,
what they protest though is largely shaped by what we
expect them to be.

5. Striving for superiority- refers to the
desire to be better, but also has the
idea that we want to be better than
others, rather than better in our own
right.
Adler later asserted that striving for
superiority can be unhealthy or
neurotic.

6. Inferiority Complex – He described this as feelings of lack of
worth.
- This complex developed when a person tried to
conquer their inferiority complex by suppressing their existing
feelings.
“WE ALL WISH TO OVERCOME
DIFFICULTIES”
According to Adler, when we feel encouraged, we feel capable
and appreciated and will generally act in a connected and
cooperative way. When we are discouraged, we may act in
unhealthy ways by competing, withdrawing, or giving up.
Adlerian believe that a “misbehaving child is a discouraged
child”
Each individual has a weak area in his or her body- organ
inferiority, which tends to be the area where illness occurs, such

8. Overview
Social an cultural conditions, especially
childhood experiences, are largely
responsible for shaping personality.
People whose need for love and affection
satisfied basic hostility towards their parents
and eventually, basic anxiety.

9. BASIC ANXIETY
When safety and satisfaction
is not felt
by the
child.
Refusal of Parents to love
their
Children.
Interwoven with Basic

10. Protective Devices
Affection (Purchasing Love)
Submissiveness( compliance)
Power(prestige, possession)
Withdrawal (emotional
detachment)

11. 10 Neurotic Needs
Need for Affection and Approval
Need for a powerful Partner
Need to restrict one’s life within
narrow border.
Need for Power
Need to Exploit Others
Need for Prestige
Need for Admiration
Need for Ambition
Need for independence

12. Coping with basic
anxiety
Moving toward People
Moving against People
Moving away from
People
Normal Individuals do
this but neurotic tend to
rigidly on one.

13. NEUROSIS
Her Theory is related to her personal life and
how she was able to deal with her problems.
Neurosis is how people cope and have
control over interpersonal issues that happen
day to day.
Is a psychic disturbance brought by fears
and defenses against these fears, and by
attempts to find compromise solutions for
conflicting tendencies.

14. NEUROSIS