1. TRANSLATION

2. DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION
 Translation is the replacement of textual
material in one language by equivalent textual
material in another language. (Catford, 1965)
 Translation is the general term reffering to the
transfer of thoughts and ideas from one
language (source) to another language (target),
whether the languages are in written or oral
form; whethere the languages have established
orthographies or do not have such
standarization or whethere one or both
languages is based on signs, as with sign
language otf the deaf. (Brislin,1976).

3. THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION
Eg:
She kicked the farmer = Dia menendang petani
itu.
SL Text TL Text

4. SOCIAL CONTROL IS A PROCESS
WHEREBY CONFORMITY TO NORMS IS
MAINTANED IN A SOCIETY.
TRANSLATED :
Kontrol sosial adalah proses untuk memelihara
penyesuaian tingkah laku terhadap norma-
norma di dalam masyarakat.

5. SL Text
Content of
SL text
analysis
Transfer Content of
TL Text
TL Text
restructuring

6. SHE KICKED THE
FARMER

7. ANALYSIS
1. She ---- subject
Kicked ------ verb
the farmer --------- object of verb
2. Transfer :
She : third person singular (dia, ia, beliau)/ women
Kick : hit with the foot
The farmer : persons who owns or manage the farm.
3. Restructuring :
Starting to write down : Dia (perempuan) menendang petani
4. Evaluation :
Dia menendang petani itu.

8. TYPES OF TRANSLATION
TRANSLATIONS
characterization
Perfect
translation
Composite
translation
Adequate
translation
content
Scienctific text
Literature
works
Newspaper
magazine

9. PERFECT TRANSLATION
 SL : No smoking !
TL : Dilarang merokok
 SL : Keep out !
TL : Dilarang bermain di dalam taman
 SL : Beware of the dog
TL : Awas anjing galak
 SL : Check your luggage
TL : Periksa barang-barang anda sebelum turun

10. LITERAL MEANING
TRANSLATION
IDIOM TRANSLATION
 SL : I love you
TL : aku mencintai kamu
 Definition : taking the basic
or usual meaning of word
 SL : What is your name ?
LM : Apa namamu?
IDM : Siapa namamu
 Definition : group of words
with a meaning that is
different from the meaning
of all the individual words.

11. SEMANTICS AND COMMUNICATIVE
TRANSLATION
SL
TL
literal free
faithful idiomatic
semantics communicative

12. SEMANTICS AND COMMUNICATIVE
SEMANTICS TRANSLATION COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION
 Based on the original
writers
 Critical thingking as a
priority
 Semantics oriented
 Literal meaning
 Informative
 Over-translated
 Deep meaning
 Difficult to understand
 Eg: Al-Qur’an
 Depends on the readers
 Meaning as the priority
 Communication oriented
 Idiom meaning
 Effective
 Under-translated
 Easy to understand
 E.g: Bible

13. TRANSLATION PROCEDURES (STRATEGY)
1. Structural Procedures
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
c. Transposition
2. Semantics Procedures
a. Borrowing
b. Cultural Equivalent
c. Descriptive Equivalent
d. Synonym
e. Reduction and expansion
f. Omission
g. Modulation

14. STRUCTURAL PROCEDURES
 Addition
SL : I am a teacher
TL : Saya guru
SL : I do not expect that you can come today
TL : Saya tidak mengira kalau kamu bisa
datang hari ini.

15. STRUCTURAL PROCEDURES
 Subtraction
SL : You should go home
TL : Kamu mesti pulang
SL : Her husband is an engineer
TL : Suaminya insinyur

16. STRUCTURAL PROCEDURES
 Transposition
Musical instruments = alat musik
Two basic groups = dua kelompok dasar
SL : musical instrument can be divided into two basic groups.
TL : alat musik bisa dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dasar

17. SEMANTICS PROCEDURES
 Borrowing
SL Transliteration Naturalitation
Mall mall mal
Sandal sandal sandal
Orangutan orangutan
orangutan

18. SEMANTIC PROCEDURES
 Cultural equivalent
SL : Minggu depan jaksa agung Andi Ghalib
akan berkunjung ke Swiss
TL : Next week the attorney general Andi
Ghalib will visit Swiss

19. SEMANTIC PROCEDURES
 Descriptive Equivalent
SL : gadis itu menari dengan luwesnya
TL : the girl is dancing with great fluidity and
grace
 Synonym
SL : what a cute baby you’ve got!
TL : alangkah lucunya bayi anda!

20. SEMANTIC PROCEDURES
 Reduction and expansion
SL : automobile
TL : mobil
SL :whale
TL : ikan paus

21. SEMANTIC PROCEDURES
 Omission
SL : “sama dengan raden ayu ibunya”katanya
lirih
TL : “just like her mother” she whispered
 Modulation
SL : Tiada banding!
TL : There was no comparison.

22. MEANING AND
TRANSLATION
WHAT IS MEANING STAND FOR?
IS THERE ANY CORRELATION BETWEEN
MEANING AND TRANSLATION?
IS IT POSSIBLE IN ONE SENTENCE THERE ARE
SEVERAL MEANINGS?

23. Lexical Meaning
Gramatical Meaning
Textual Meaning
Contextual Meaning
Sosiocultural Meaning

24. LEXICAL MEANING
 The meaning is based on dictionary
 E.g:
Hand : the moveable parts at the end of the
arms, including the fingers.

25. GRAMMATICAL MEANING
 The meaning is based on the grammar,
structure in phrase or sentence
 E.g :
a. Menidurkan a. I go to the office
b. Meniduri b. I went to the office
c. Tertidur c. To the office i went

26. TEXTUAL MEANING
 The meaning are find in a text.
 E.g:
1. Hand me your paper
2. Just give me a hand
3. All hands up!
4. They’re always ready at hand
5. Hands up !
6. Ia sekarang menjadi tangan kanan pemimpin
perusahaan
7. Puisi ini buah tangan seorang penyair muda

27. CONTEXTUAL MEANING
 The meaning are related with the situation
which happend in sentence / phrase.
 E.g:
Good morning Selamat Pagi
Good night Selamat Malam
Selamat Siang

28. SOSIOCULTURAL MEANING
 The meaning is depends on social culture in
some place.
 E.g:
a: Endi oleh-oleh e ?
b: Slamet
a: Surprise ...!!!
b: Tumben ..??